CN116510057A - Odor control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and manufacture - Google Patents
Odor control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- CN116510057A CN116510057A CN202310270646.0A CN202310270646A CN116510057A CN 116510057 A CN116510057 A CN 116510057A CN 202310270646 A CN202310270646 A CN 202310270646A CN 116510057 A CN116510057 A CN 116510057A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
- A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
- A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
- A61F2013/8408—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control with odour control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/21—Acids
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Absorbent materials configured to abate Trimethylamine (TMA), absorbent articles made therefrom, related methods of use, methods of measuring a reduction in free TMA, and related methods of manufacturing absorbent articles are described.
Description
This patent application is a divisional application of patent application with application number 201880095602.6 (international application number PCT/US 2018/034759), application number "international paper company", and the invention name "odor control absorbent material and absorbent article, and related methods of use and manufacturing method".
Background
Trimethylamine (TMA) is a chemical substance having a strong fishy smell even at a low concentration, and may cause a fishy smell symptom of bacterial vaginosis.
During and after menstruation, the pH of the vaginal environment rises very often. Vaginal pH is typically 4-4.5; however, during menstruation, the pH of the vagina may increase to 6.6. This increase in pH may promote overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, sometimes resulting in an increase in the amount of TMA released from the more alkaline vaginal environment.
Feminine hygiene products, such as sanitary napkins, are products commonly used to absorb menstrual fluid, spotting and urinary incontinence leakage. Since fluids absorbed by these products (e.g., TMA-containing fluids) may be malodorous, they may accumulate in these products with minimal airflow near the body and wear for several hours. Thus, TMA is a highly interesting chemical for odor control of feminine hygiene products.
Currently, absorbent hygiene products that are being promoted for odor control are implemented using fragrances, antibacterial properties, activated carbon, or "odor lock" technology. However, conventional absorbent hygiene products do not specifically address the malodors associated with TMAs, such as by abating the TMA.
TMA is also associated with meat products, particularly fish products. Bacterial and fish enzymes convert TMA oxides present in fish to TMA. The absorbent pad included in the meat package may absorb gravy and other liquids associated with the meat product. However, conventional absorbent pads for meat packaging do not specifically reduce TMA or otherwise reduce TMA malodor associated with meat products.
Thus, there is a long felt need for absorbent products that absorb liquids and reduce TMA, thereby reducing TMA malodor. The present disclosure seeks to meet these needs and to provide further related advantages.
Disclosure of Invention
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of reducing free trimethylamine ("TMA"), the method comprising contacting a TMA molecule with an absorbent material comprising a cellulosic fiber matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the cellulosic fiber matrix, wherein the reduction in free TMA is relative to a control.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of reducing TMA molecules comprising contacting the TMA molecules with an absorbent material comprising a cellulosic fiber matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the cellulosic fiber matrix.
In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides an absorbent article comprising an absorbent material, wherein the absorbent material comprises a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix, wherein the fibrous matrix comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers and cellulose-based fibers, and wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene product or a meat packaging pad.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of measuring a decrease in free TMA depleted by an absorbent material, the method comprising: contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA; withdrawing a portion of the gaseous headspace of the container; measuring the amount of free TMA in the withdrawn portion of the gas headspace; and determining a decrease in free TMA in the gas headspace relative to a control.
In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing an absorbent article, the method comprising: preparing an absorbent material comprising a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix; and coupling a fluid permeable topsheet and a fluid impermeable backsheet to the absorbent material.
Drawings
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this claimed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 illustrates Trimethylamine (TMA) levels and controls in a gas headspace of a container containing an absorbent material, each contaminated with a different concentration of TMA solution, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Described herein are absorbent materials configured to abate Trimethylamine (TMA), absorbent articles made therefrom, related methods of use, methods of measuring free TMA, methods of measuring a reduction in free TMA relative to a control, and related methods of manufacturing absorbent articles.
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided by way of example or illustration only and should not be construed to be preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the many embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In some instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the disclosure may employ any combination of the features described herein.
Absorbent material
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an absorbent material configured to abate TMAs. As used herein, "abate" refers to absorption, adsorption, reduction, binding, neutralization, and/or elimination of TMA. In this regard, the absorbent materials described herein are configured to remove TMA from, for example, the gas and liquid phases in contact with the absorbent material by abatement of TMA. As discussed further herein, this abatement reduces the level of free TMA in the gas and liquid phases.
In an embodiment, the absorbent material described herein includes a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. As further described herein, many carboxylic acids are water soluble and thus may be suitable for water-based or other solution-based treatments to couple the carboxylic acid to the fibrous matrix. Some conventional absorbent materials use powders of non-carboxylic acid compositions (e.g., activated carbon and activated carbon) to control odors. In practice, such powdery odour control components tend to agglomerate, are often flammable, and may be airborne, creating pollution and inhalation risks.
In addition, many carboxylic acids are readily available and inexpensive, making them suitable for inclusion in products that include absorbent materials. In addition, many carboxylic acids are colorless and thus can be included in the absorbent material without changing, for example, the color of the fibrous matrix of the absorbent material. This is in contrast to some conventional odor control components (e.g., activated carbon and activated carbon) used in some conventional absorbent articles that have a dark color that darkens the absorbent article.
In an embodiment, the carboxylic acid is a polycarboxylic acid. In embodiments, the polycarboxylic acid is a partially or fully neutralized salt. Without being bound by theory, and as discussed further herein with respect to fig. 1 and example 1, it is believed that the carboxylic acid groups of the carboxylic acid contribute to the abatement of TMA. Thus, since polycarboxylic acids have two or more carboxylic acid groups per carboxylic acid molecule, it is believed that each polycarboxylic acid molecule is configured to contribute to the abatement of more TMA molecules than, for example, monocarboxylic acids.
In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
In embodiments, the carboxylate salt includes carboxylate salts selected from sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts, other metal salts, and combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt.% and about 10 wt.% (also referred to herein as wt.%). In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.05 wt.% and about 5 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.1 wt.% and about 1 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, or 0.09% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, or 0.9% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9% by weight.
In addition, because the absorbent materials and absorbent articles described herein reduce TMA, components (e.g., fragrances) that mask TMA malodors are not necessary to reduce TMA malodors. Thus, in embodiments, the absorbent materials described herein do not include a fragrance. Such fragrance-free absorbent materials may be advantageous for users, for example, who are sensitive or allergic to fragrances or who dislike the use of products comprising fragrances. It should also be noted that the absorbent materials and absorbent articles described herein may react with and reduce other basic molecules having malodors.
In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises a cellulosic pulp structure. In an embodiment, the cellulose pulp structure comprises a matrix of cellulose fibers, cellulose-based fibers, or a combination thereof, and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises fluff pulp. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises southern bleached softwood kraft pulp.
In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises synthetic fibers. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises nonwoven synthetic fibers. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers.
As discussed further herein, the absorbent materials described herein include carboxylic acids coupled to a fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is coupled directly to the fibrous matrix without, for example, a binding agent, linking agent, or other intermediate composition or molecule between the carboxylic acid and the fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix comprises a carboxylic acid covalently bound to the fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix comprises a carboxylic acid non-covalently bound to the fibrous matrix. Such non-covalent coupling may occur through, for example, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, ionic bonding, and combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the absorbent materials described herein do not include binders, such as silicone polymer binders, that couple to carboxylic acids and bind carboxylic acids to the fibrous matrix. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that in certain embodiments the carboxylic acid is configured to couple directly to the fibrous matrix itself without the need for a binding agent. For example, in certain embodiments, the fibrous matrix is a natural fiber comprising hydroxyl groups coupled to carboxylic acids in the absence of a binder, such as a silicone polymer binder.
In this regard, absorbent materials including carboxylic acids coupled directly to the fibrous matrix and absorbent articles made therefrom also do not require bags or other sealed containers, for example, to contain powders (e.g., activated carbon or activated carbon) that may escape from the absorbent material or absorbent article.
In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is applied to the fibrous matrix in solid form, for example in powder or particulate form. In an embodiment, the solid carboxylic acid is coupled to the fibrous matrix by a binder. In an embodiment, the adhesive is a physical adhesive. In an embodiment, the adhesive is a chemical bonding agent.
In embodiments, the solid carboxylic acid is applied to a fibrous matrix having a water content equal to or greater than the fiber saturation point ("FSP"), typically from about 20% to about 25% water by weight. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that in certain embodiments, the solid carboxylic acid at least partially dissolves when in contact with and coupled to the wet fiber matrix. Thus, in this embodiment, the water content of about 20% to about 99.9% by weight of the fibrous matrix is sufficient to at least partially dissolve the solid carboxylic acid.
In embodiments, the absorbent materials described herein are free or substantially free of inorganic peroxides (in this case, "substantially free of inorganic peroxides" is understood to mean an amount of inorganic peroxide between 0wt% and 1wt%, which is limited by known detection methods).
TMA abatement may also be observed by using oxidized cellulose fibers, which may be manufactured by known methods (see, e.g., US 8,007,635, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
As described above, the absorbent material of the present disclosure is configured to absorb TMA. In embodiments, the absorbent materials of the present disclosure are configured to reduce greater than or equal to about 6.15409x10 per about 1g of absorbent material at an equilibrium state of 25 °c -5 g of TMA (in this case, it is understood that "equilibrium" refers to the point in time at which TMA of the gas headspace entering the test apparatus reaches steady state), wherein the absorbent material is treated with 0.01 wt% of a carboxylic acid selected from one of the groups provided herein. In embodiments, the absorbent material is configured to absorb greater than or equal to about 6.15409x10 per about 1g of absorbent material at an equilibrium state of 25 °c -5 g TMA, wherein the absorbent material is treated with 0.01 wt.% citric acid.
As further discussed herein with respect to the methods of the present disclosure, in an embodiment, the amount of TMA subtracted by the absorbent material described herein is determined by measuring the amount of TMA and the initial amount of TMA in the gas headspace of the closed vessel containing the absorbent material. In an embodiment, determining the amount of free TMA while subtracting TMA from the absorbent material comprises contacting a known amount of absorbent material disposed in the closed vessel with an initial known amount of TMA; extracting a portion of the gas headspace from the closed container after the absorbent material has been exposed to an initial amount of TMA and allowed to equilibrate within the gas headspace; and measuring a gas concentration (e.g., ppm) of TMA in the extraction portion of the gas headspace.
In an embodiment, the gas headspace has a volume of less than 1L. In an embodiment, the gas headspace has a volume of about 0.5L. In an embodiment, the container is a flexible container.
As further discussed herein, in embodiments, the amount of TMA subtracted by the absorbent material is measured relative to a control absorbent material, e.g., a control absorbent material that does not include carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix, as further described herein with respect to example 1, or alternatively, the control sample may be conducted with a container that does not include any absorbent material (i.e., a blank).
In an embodiment, the absorbent material described herein is configured to subtract TMA from a solution in contact with the absorbent material and to subtract TMA from a gas phase in contact with the absorbent material. In this regard, the absorbent material is configured to eliminate or reduce TMA malodor by abating gaseous and dissolved or liquid TMAs.
As further discussed herein, the absorbent materials of the present disclosure are configured to absorb TMA. In an embodiment, by quantifying the ability of TMA to abate, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the gas concentration of free TMA within the gas headspace of the test device (described in detail below) by 50% relative to the control (see discussion of appropriate controls above). In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of free TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by 75% relative to a control. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of free TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by 85% relative to a control. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of free TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by 90% relative to a control. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of free TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by 95% relative to a control. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of free TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by 99% relative to a control. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is configured to reduce the amount of TMA that will enter (or will otherwise enter) the gas headspace by substantially 100% relative to a control (in this case, "substantially 100%" is understood to mean an amount between 99% and 100%, which is limited by the detection methods described herein).
As discussed further herein, in embodiments, the cellulosic fibrous matrix of the absorbent material is capable of reducing free TMA from the gas headspace by abating TMA. In an embodiment, when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt.% citric acid, TMA is introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.034 wt.% and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix of the absorbent material is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 95ppm in about 0.5L of gas headspace. In this case, "equivalent amount" is understood to mean the amount of control fluff pulp of 95 to 105% of the mass of the absorbent material, which is limited by the known detection methods.
In an embodiment, when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt.% citric acid, TMA was introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.027 wt.% and the control was an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix was capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 99% in a gas headspace of about 0.5L. In an embodiment, when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt.% citric acid, TMA is introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.05 wt.% and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially free of any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 50% in a gas headspace of about 0.5L.
As further discussed herein with respect to methods of reducing the amount of free TMA, in embodiments, measuring the reduction of free TMA subtracted by the absorbent material of the present disclosure includes contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA; withdrawing a portion of the gas headspace of the container; measuring the amount of free TMA in the extracted portion of the gas headspace; and determining a decrease in free TMA in the gas headspace relative to the control.
In embodiments, the absorbent materials described herein may optionally further comprise an additive selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, fragrances, zeolites, and combinations thereof. Although the absorbent materials of the present disclosure are configured to abate TMAs in the absence of such additives, in certain embodiments, the absorbent materials also include materials such as other TMA malodor control components configured to non-selectively absorb or mask certain other malodors or supplement the absorbent materials, including but not limited to activated carbon, zeolite, or perfume.
In an embodiment, the absorbent material further comprises a superabsorbent polymer to assist in absorbing fluid.
Absorbent article
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an absorbent article comprising the absorbent material of the present disclosure. As further discussed herein, odor control and prevention, particularly those associated with TMA malodor, in feminine hygiene products and meat packaging products is of interest. Because the absorbent materials of the present disclosure are configured to absorb TMA, they are particularly suitable for application to feminine hygiene products and meat packaging products.
Thus, in an embodiment, an absorbent article includes a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers, cellulose-based fibers, and combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the absorbent article comprises a fluid permeable topsheet. The fluid permeable topsheet comprises a highly fluid permeable material configured to move fluid, for example, from the wearer, to the absorbent material. In embodiments, the fluid permeable topsheet comprises a material selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic woven materials, hydrophilic nonwoven materials, airlaid sheets, wetaid sheets, films comprising apertures, open cell foams, and batting.
In embodiments, the absorbent article comprises a fluid impermeable backsheet. The fluid-impermeable backsheet is configured to prevent liquids from the absorbent material from migrating through the fluid-impermeable backsheet to, for example, the clothing of a wearer.
In an embodiment, the absorbent material forms at least a portion of an absorbent core of the absorbent article. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is disposed between the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet. In embodiments, the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet are suitably sealed to enclose the absorbent material. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is arranged within the fluid permeable topsheet.
In an embodiment, the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene product. As further described herein, in embodiments, the absorbent materials described herein include a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In this regard, without being bound by theory, it is believed that absorbent articles comprising the absorbent materials of the present disclosure reduce TMA malodor associated with vaginal fluids in at least two ways: (1) Carboxylic acids reduce vaginal pH, thereby inhibiting the growth of anaerobic bacteria, and (2) carboxylic acids deplete TMA molecules, thereby reducing free TMA, as discussed further herein.
In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, a disposable menstrual protection undergarment, and a tampon. In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, and a disposable menstrual protection undergarment. In some embodiments, the absorbent articles of the present disclosure are not in the form of tampons. Feminine hygiene products can be manufactured according to known methods (see, e.g., U.S. patent No. 9,717,817, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and the patents cited therein).
In an embodiment, the feminine hygiene product is configured to be externally worn. As used herein, a feminine hygiene product configured to be externally worn is configured to be externally worn at the vagina. In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is not configured to be worn internally. As used herein, a feminine hygiene product configured to be worn internally is a feminine hygiene product configured to be worn at least partially within the vagina.
In an embodiment, the absorbent material in the feminine hygiene product comprises an absorbent material comprising a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix, wherein the absorbent material comprises a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01wt% and about 10 wt%.
In an embodiment, the absorbent article is a meat packaging pad. Meat packaging pads may include those known in the art and may be manufactured according to known methods (see, e.g., U.S. patent nos. 5,908,649 and 7,655,829, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). As further described herein, TMA malodor emanates from meat products such as fish products and there is a need to abate TMA in meat packaging products. Because the absorbent materials described herein are configured to absorb TMA, they are particularly suitable for use in meat packaging products. In an embodiment, the meat packaged product is a meat packaging pad. In an embodiment, the meat packaging pad is a fish packaging pad. In embodiments, a meat packing pad comprising an absorbent material of the present disclosure is configured to absorb gravy, such as fish juice and other liquids, and to subtract TMA.
In an embodiment, the absorbent material in the meat packaging pad comprises a fibrous matrix and carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix, and wherein the absorbent material comprises a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01wt% and about 10 wt%. In an embodiment, the meat packaging pad includes superabsorbent polymers to aid in absorbing fluids. In an embodiment, the superabsorbent polymer is arranged within the absorbent material.
Method for reducing free TMA
TMA molecules, for example, from vaginal fluids or gravies, and TMA malodors produced thereby, may be reduced by abating TMA by the absorbent materials or absorbent articles of the present disclosure, as further described herein. By abating TMA into an absorbent material or an absorbent article made of an absorbent material, TMA malodor is reduced relative to a similar situation in which TMA is not abated, such that, for example, free TMA is present at a level where it cannot be smelled by a person's nose or where it can be smelled by a person's nose at a greatly reduced level.
Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of reducing free TMA. As used herein, "free TMA" refers to the amount of TMA in or to be equilibrated to the gas headspace and capable of being measured and/or smelled by a person's nose. Free TMA is in contrast to TMA molecules that are subtracted, for example, by an absorbent material or absorbent article and thus are not available for measurement or detection by a person's nose.
In an embodiment, a method of reducing the level of free TMA includes contacting TMA molecules with an absorbent material comprising a cellulosic fiber matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the cellulosic fiber matrix. In an embodiment, the method further comprises depleting TMA molecules.
As further described herein, the absorbent materials of the present disclosure and absorbent articles made therefrom are configured to abate TMA from either or both of the liquid and/or vapor phases. Thus, in embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article includes contacting the TMA in a solution phase, such as TMA dissolved in vaginal fluid, menses, or gravy. In an embodiment, the TMA molecule is in a liquid. In an embodiment, the liquid TMA is a TMA molecule dissolved in a solution or suspension. In an embodiment, the liquid TMA is a pure TMA liquid. In embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article comprises contacting menstrual fluid comprising the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article. In embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article comprises contacting a meat fluid, such as a fish fluid, comprising the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article.
Accordingly, in embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article includes contacting the TMA in the vapor phase, such as TMA volatilized from vaginal fluid, menses, or gravy.
In embodiments, the absorbent material is any of the absorbent materials described herein. In embodiments, the absorbent article is any of the absorbent articles described herein. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix is a cellulosic fibrous matrix (see below).
In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt.% and about 10 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.05 wt.% and about 5 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.1 wt.% and about 1 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, or 0.09% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, or 0.9% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9% by weight.
In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises a cellulosic pulp structure. In an embodiment, the cellulose pulp structure comprises a matrix of cellulose fibers, cellulose-based fibers, or a combination thereof, and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises fluff pulp. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises southern bleached softwood kraft pulp.
In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises synthetic fibers. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises nonwoven synthetic fibers. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix comprises a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers.
In embodiments, contacting TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article made of the absorbent material reduces free TMA that may leave or reenter the absorbent material or absorbent article as a gaseous compound by at least 50%. In embodiments, contacting TMA with an absorbent material or absorbent article made of an absorbent material reduces free TMA that may leave or reenter the absorbent material or absorbent article as a gaseous compound by at least 75%. In embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article made of the absorbent material reduces free TMA that may leave or reenter the absorbent material or absorbent article by at least 85%. In embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article made of the absorbent material reduces free TMA that may leave or reenter the absorbent material or absorbent article by at least 95%. In embodiments, contacting the TMA with the absorbent material or absorbent article made of the absorbent material reduces free TMA that may leave or reenter the absorbent material or absorbent article by at least 99%.
Method for measuring reduction of free TMA
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of measuring the reduction of free TMA subtracted by an absorbent material (e.g., an absorbent material of the present disclosure or an absorbent article made therefrom). In an embodiment, the absorbent material is disposed in a closed container and is in contact with a quantity of TMA. After the absorbent material has the opportunity to abate at least a portion of the amount of TMA, and, for example, the amount of TMA has reached equilibrium between the gas headspace of the closed vessel and the absorbent material, a portion of the gas headspace is withdrawn from the closed vessel. In an embodiment, a quantity of TMA is contacted with the absorbent material for a sufficient time to reach equilibrium prior to withdrawing a portion of the gas headspace from the closed vessel, thereby also providing sufficient time for at least a portion of the initial quantity of TMA to be abated within the absorbent material. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily know how to generate a balance curve or other suitable tool to monitor and identify balance.
In an embodiment, the closed container is a flexible container configured to at least partially collapse in response to withdrawing a portion of the gas headspace. In this regard, it is easier for a user to withdraw a portion of the gas headspace from the closed container.
The extracted portion of the gas headspace was measured to determine the gas concentration of free TMA present in the headspace. In an embodiment, measuring the amount of free TMA in the extraction portion comprises passing the extraction portion of the gas headspace through a stationary phase loaded with a colorimetric label that changes color upon contact with TMA; and measuring an amount of color change in the stationary phase in response to passing the extracted portion of the gas headspace through the stationary phase. In an embodiment, determining the extraction portion of the gas headspace to measure the gas concentration of free TMA includes using a colorimetric gas detection tube, e.g.A gas detection tube system. Although a colorimetric detection method is described, it will be appreciated that other TMA detection methods consistent with the methods of the present disclosure may be used, such as, but not limited to, gas chromatography.
The decrease in free TMA was measured relative to the control. In an embodiment, the control is a blank control, wherein the blank control comprises a control that does not include contacting TMA molecules with an absorbent material. In an embodiment, the control is an absorbent material control, wherein the absorbent material control is an absorbent material substantially free of added carboxylic acid or not coupled to the fibrous matrix (in this case, "substantially free of added carboxylic acid" or "substantially free of added carboxylic acid" is understood to mean that no carboxylic acid is added or the amount of added carboxylic acid is between 0wt% and 1wt%, which is limited by known detection methods). As used herein, "added carboxylic acid" is understood to mean the amount of carboxylic acid added or otherwise coupled to the absorbent material during treatment or manufacture on or over any carboxylic acid present in the untreated absorbent material. In an embodiment, the control absorbent material comprises fluff pulp that has not been treated with or otherwise coupled to carboxylic acid, such as southern bleached softwood kraft pulp. In this regard, the user can determine the amount of TMA reduction produced by carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix of the absorbent material described herein relative to the selected control.
In an embodiment, the amount of TMA (TMA g ) And the amount of TMA not allowed to equilibrate in the control gas headspace in the control experiment (TMA c ) A comparison is made. The decrease in gas concentration of free TMA measured in the headspace above the absorbent material relative to the control can be expressed as a percent decrease in free TMA (% TMA) red ). The percent reduction can be calculated by the following formula.
It should be noted that TMA-containing fluids (e.g., fluids used to contaminate absorbent materials or absorbent articles) that reside on the sides or other portions of the closed container may distort the TMA reduction result. Such TMA-containing fluids that do not come into contact with the absorbent material or absorbent article may result in increased volatilization of TMA from the TMA-containing solution into the gas headspace of the closed container. Such increased TMA volatilization may result in a higher relative gas TMA concentration, falsely indicating the ability (or lack of ability) of the absorbent material or absorbent article to subtract TMA, as compared to directly contaminating the solution comprising TMA onto the absorbent material or absorbent article.
Method for reducing TMA
As further described herein, the absorbent material and absorbent articles made therefrom are capable of abating TMA. Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of depleting TMA molecules. In an embodiment, a method of abating TMAs comprises contacting TMA molecules with an absorbent material or an absorbent article made therefrom, the absorbent material comprising a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In an embodiment, the method further comprises subtracting TMA molecules in the absorbent material or absorbent article made therefrom.
In embodiments, the absorbent material is any of the absorbent materials described herein. In embodiments, the absorbent article is any of the absorbent articles described herein. In an embodiment, the fibrous matrix is a cellulosic fibrous matrix. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises a cellulosic pulp structure. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulosic fibers and cellulose-based fibers. In embodiments, the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt.% and about 10 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.05 wt.% and about 5 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.1 wt.% and about 1 wt.%. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, or 0.09% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, or 0.9% by weight. In embodiments, the absorbent material includes a carboxylic acid content of about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9% by weight.
In embodiments, contacting the TMA molecules with the absorbent material or absorbent article comprises contacting a liquid comprising TMA (e.g., menstrual fluid) with the absorbent material or absorbent article made therefrom. In embodiments, contacting the TMA molecules with the absorbent material comprises contacting a meat fluid comprising the TMA molecules with the absorbent material or an absorbent article made therefrom. In an embodiment, the TMA molecules are in a gas phase, which is in contact with the absorbent material or absorbent article.
In embodiments, the fibrous matrix of the absorbent material and absorbent articles made therefrom of the present disclosure is capable of abating TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material includes 0.45 wt.% citric acid, about 0.5L of the gas headspace at equilibrium contains less than about 1ppm, 2ppm, 3ppm, 4ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, or 50ppm free TMA. In an embodiment, the absorbent material of the present disclosure and the fibrous matrix of an absorbent article made therefrom are capable of abating TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material includes 0.01 wt.% citric acid and TMA molecules are introduced into a liquid solution at between about 0.0005 wt.% to about 0.034 wt.%, the gas headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium contains less than about 50ppm free TMA. In embodiments, the absorbent material of the present disclosure and fibrous substrates of absorbent articles made therefrom are capable of abating TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material includes 0.01 wt.% citric acid and TMA molecules are introduced into a liquid solution at about 0.0005%,0.001%,0.005%,0.01%,0.015%,0.02%,0.025%,0.027%,0.03%,0.034%, or 0.035%, the gas headspace at equilibrium comprises less than about 50ppm free TMA. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibrous matrix is capable of abating TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material includes 0.01 wt% citric acid and the TMA molecules are introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.034 wt%, the gas headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium contains less than about 10ppm free TMA. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibrous matrix is capable of abating TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material includes 0.01 wt% citric acid and the TMA molecules are introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.027 wt%, the gas headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium contains less than about 5ppm free TMA.
In an embodiment, when the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, TMA was introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.034 wt.% and the control was an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix was capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 95ppm in a gas headspace of about 0.5L.
In an embodiment wherein the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, TMA is introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.027 wt.% and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 99% in a gas headspace of about 0.5L. In an embodiment, when the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, TMA is introduced into the liquid solution at about 0.05 wt.% and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially free of any added carboxylic acid, the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 50% in a gas headspace of about 0.5L.
In an embodiment, determining the amount of free TMA after the absorbent material described herein has depleted TMA comprises contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an initial amount of TMA in the liquid solution; withdrawing a portion of the gas headspace of the container; the amount of free TMA in the extracted part of the gas headspace is measured, for example in ppm. The measuring step may be performed in any suitable manner, including solid phase colorimetric gas detection tubes, gas chromatography, and the like, as described herein. Without being bound by theory, the number of steps is, It is believed that TMA in the liquid solution in contact with the absorbent material will react with the carboxylic acid and reduce to RCOO - N + (Me) 3 And thus eliminates TMA malodor by reducing TMA available for TMA volatilization and balancing into the gas headspace of the experimental vessel set-up.
Method of manufacturing an absorbent article
As further described herein, the absorbent materials of the present disclosure and absorbent articles made therefrom are suitable for use as, for example, an absorbent core or other absorbent portion of an absorbent article (e.g., a feminine hygiene product) due to their ability to absorb TMA. Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of making an absorbent article, such as feminine hygiene products and meat packaging pads, comprising the absorbent material of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the method includes preparing an absorbent material including a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix; and coupling the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet to the absorbent material. In an embodiment, preparing the absorbent material includes forming a cellulosic pulp structure by forming a cellulosic pulp sheet from cellulosic pulp, and forming a matrix of cellulosic fibers from the cellulosic pulp sheet. In an embodiment, the carboxylic acid is added by applying the acid in aqueous form to the slurry sheet. As also described further herein, in embodiments, the carboxylic acid is added in solid form, for example, with a binder or adhesive.
In embodiments, the absorbent material is any of the absorbent materials described herein, including a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix. In embodiments, the fluid permeable topsheet is any of the fluid permeable topsheets described herein. In embodiments, the fluid impermeable backsheet is any of the fluid impermeable backsheets described herein.
In an embodiment, the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet are coupled to the absorbent material by a coupling method selected from the group consisting of stitching, coupling with an adhesive, heat sealing, ultrasonic welding, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet are coupled around the absorbent material, and the absorbent material is disposed between the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet. In this regard, the absorbent material forms at least a portion of an absorbent core of the absorbent article. In an embodiment, the absorbent material is arranged within the fluid permeable topsheet.
In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, a disposable menstrual protection undergarment, and a tampon. In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, and a disposable menstrual protection undergarment. In some embodiments, the absorbent articles of the present disclosure are not in the form of tampons. Feminine hygiene products can be manufactured according to known methods (see, e.g., U.S. patent No. 9,717,817, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
In an embodiment, the feminine hygiene product is configured to be externally worn. In embodiments, the feminine hygiene product is not configured to be worn internally.
In an embodiment, the absorbent article is a meat packaging pad. In an embodiment, the meat packaging pad is a fish packaging pad. Meat packaging pads may include those known in the art and may be manufactured according to known methods (see, e.g., U.S. patent nos. 5,908,649 and 7,655,829, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference).
Example
Example 1: fluff pulp abatement TMA with citric acid treatment
Fluff pulp treated with citric acid (0.45 wt%) and untreated fluff pulp were fibrillated to form a mat, placed in a sealed container, and contaminated with TMA solution. The untreated fluff pulp was from the same manufacturer as the citric acid treated fluff pulp, but was not subjected to a buffer treatment.
The fluff pulp sheet was fibrillated and then the fluff pulp was formed into a 2 inch diameter mat having an average weight of 0.94 + 0.02 g. The mats were compressed in a press to a pressure of 2000 psi.
The test receptacles were made from 500mL water bottles selected for their compressibility. The 16 gauge needle was passed through the plastic cap of the water bottle, glued in place, and sealed with silicone caulk. A rubber tube is placed around the handle of the needle to provide an airtight seal between the handle and the measuring device.
The compressed fluff circles were introduced into a test vessel, contaminated with 15g of solution, sealed, and then after 2 hours the headspace above was tested for TMA. TMA solutions were tested at four concentrations: 0.0005%,0.027%,0.034% and 0.05% by weight. According to literature values, TMA levels for normal vaginal fluids not associated with bacterial vaginosis were 0.0005 wt.%.
TABLE 1 TMA solution
Two hours after contamination, the TMA concentration in the headspace of the vessel was tested above the control and test slurries. Using 105SE typeA tube. These tubes are labeled for use with ammonia, but can also be used with TMA. The actual TMA concentration is obtained by adding +.>The reading is multiplied by a conversion factor of 0.5.
A total of 25 samples were tested: 11 untreated control fluff pulp samples and 14 test fluff pulp samples treated with citric acid. At least two samples per concentration were averaged. Three or more samples were tested for each concentration as the first two results varied. Before measuring TMA in the gas headspace of the vessel, 25 samples were allowed to interact with TMA contaminants at 25 ℃ for about 2 hours to ensure equilibration.
TMA concentration in the headspace above the pad was compared against the test fluff pulp treated with citric acid and the untreated control fluff pulp. As summarized in table 2 and fig. 1, it was found that fluff pulp treated with citric acid reduced the headspace concentration of TMA by different amounts. As shown, citric acid treated fluff was found to eliminate TMA volatilization at a literature concentration in healthy vaginal fluid at 0.0005 wt.% and at 0.027 wt.% 60 times this concentration. At 0.034 wt% of 70 times the literature values, it was found that citric acid treated fluff reduced on average 95% odor volatilization into the headspace. The ability of the citric acid treated fluff to continue to inhibit TMA volatilization into the headspace was not inhibited until a concentration of 100 times TMA was found in the healthy vaginal fluid at 0.05 wt.%. Even at this concentration, the top air taste level of the citric acid treated fluff was 71.1% less on average than the untreated fluff.
TABLE 2 reduction of free TMA in the headspace after contact with treated and untreated fluff pulp
The average concentration of TMA in the headspace of the citric acid treated fluff pad was 0.33ppm in a 0.027% TMA solution. The average concentration of TMA in the head space of the untreated slurry was 72ppm TMA. The citric acid treated fluff reduced TMA in the headspace by 99.5%.
In 0.034% TMA solution, the TMA average concentration reading of citric acid treated fluff in the headspace was 5ppm; the untreated slurry had an average TMA level in the gas headspace of 100ppm. It should be noted that it is possible to provide,the detection limit of the tube was 100ppm. Thus, the actual average TMA level in the gas headspace may already be higher than 100ppm. The citric acid treated fluff reduced TMA reading in the headspace by at least 95%.
In a 0.05% solution, the TMA average concentration reading of the citric acid treated fluff in the headspace was 26.8ppm. However, at this concentration the fluff readings for the citric acid treatment ranged from 10 to 51ppm. In contrast, the maximum change between any other two sample points at other concentrations was 7ppm (between 68ppm and 75ppm for 0.03% untreated pulp).
For two of the three readings taken, the TMA concentration in the headspace above the untreated fluff was higher than the maximum reading of the sensor. Since the exact concentration is not known, these data have been reported as 100ppm sensor readings. The actual concentration can be estimated to be somewhat higher than the maximum reading based on how far the sensor has stopped exceeding the maximum, and how far the malodor (TMA would produce a fishy smell at low concentrations but an ammonia-like smell at high concentrations) the tester encounters. These observations have been recorded in test records.
It should be noted that for purposes of this disclosure, terms such as "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "inward," "outward," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," and the like are to be construed as descriptive and not limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the use of "including," "comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms "connected," "coupled," and "mounted" and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings unless limited otherwise. The term "about" means plus or minus 5% of the value.
In the foregoing description, the principles, representative embodiments and modes of operation of the present disclosure have been described. However, the aspects of the disclosure that are intended to be protected should not be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. Furthermore, the embodiments described herein should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood that variations and modifications may be made by others, and equivalents may be employed, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes and equivalents which fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as claimed.
Claims (67)
1. A method of reducing free trimethylamine ("TMA"), the method comprising contacting TMA molecules with an absorbent material comprising a cellulosic fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the cellulosic fibrous matrix, wherein the reduction in free TMA is relative to a control.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the TMA molecule is in a liquid.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the TMA molecule is in menstrual fluid.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the TMA molecule is in a meat fluid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the TMA molecule is in a gas.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the control is a blank control.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the control is an absorbent material control.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises a cellulosic pulp structure.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers and cellulose-based fibers.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the absorbent material comprises a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt% and about 10 wt%.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 95ppm in a headspace of about 0.5L when the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, the TMA is introduced to the liquid solution at about 0.034 wt.%, and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the reduction in free TMA is measured by a process comprising:
contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA;
withdrawing a portion of the gaseous headspace of the container;
measuring the amount of free TMA in the withdrawn portion of the gas headspace; and
the decrease in free TMA in the gas headspace relative to the control was determined.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 99% in a headspace of about 0.5L when the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, the TMA is introduced to the liquid solution at about 0.027 wt.%, and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of reducing free TMA by at least about 50% in a headspace of about 0.5L when the absorbent material comprises 0.01 wt.% citric acid, the TMA is introduced to the liquid solution at about 0.05 wt.%, and the control is an absorbent material consisting of an equivalent amount of southern bleached softwood kraft fluff pulp substantially without any added carboxylic acid.
19. The method of any one of claims 17 and 18, wherein the reduction in free TMA is measured by a process comprising:
contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA;
withdrawing a portion of the gaseous headspace of the container;
measuring the amount of free TMA in the withdrawn portion of the gas headspace; and
the decrease in free TMA in the gas headspace relative to the control was determined.
20. A method of abating TMA molecules, the method comprising contacting the TMA molecules with an absorbent material comprising a cellulosic fiber matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the cellulosic fiber matrix.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the TMA molecule is in a liquid.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the TMA molecule is in menstrual fluid.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the TMA molecule is in a meat fluid.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein the TMA molecule is in a gas.
25. The method of claim 20, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises a cellulosic pulp structure.
26. The method of claim 20, wherein the cellulosic fibrous substrate comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers and cellulose-based fibers.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof.
28. The method of claim 20, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
29. The method of claim 20, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
30. The method of claim 20, wherein the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
31. The method of any one of claims 20-30, wherein the absorbent material comprises a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt% and about 10 wt%.
32. The method of claim 20, wherein the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of abating the TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt% citric acid and the TMA molecules are introduced into a liquid solution at about 0.05 wt%, a headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium comprises less than about 50ppm free TMA.
33. The method of claim 20, wherein the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of abating the TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt% citric acid and the TMA molecules are introduced into a liquid solution at about 0.034 wt%, a headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium comprises less than about 10ppm free TMA.
34. The method of claim 20, wherein the cellulosic fiber matrix is capable of abating the TMA molecules such that when the absorbent material comprises 0.45 wt% citric acid and the TMA molecules are introduced into a liquid solution at about 0.027 wt%, a headspace of about 0.5L at equilibrium comprises less than about 5ppm free TMA.
35. The method of any one of claims 32-34, wherein the amount of free TMA is measured by a process comprising:
contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA in a liquid solution;
withdrawing a portion of the gaseous headspace of the container; and
the amount of free TMA in the extracted portion of the gas headspace was measured.
36. An absorbent article comprising an absorbent material, wherein the absorbent material comprises a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix, wherein the fibrous matrix comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers and cellulose-based fibers, and wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene product or a meat packaging pad.
37. The absorbent article of claim 36, wherein the absorbent material does not include a silicone polymer binder coupled to the carboxylic acid, and wherein the absorbent material does not include an inorganic peroxide.
38. The absorbent article of claim 36, wherein the cellulose-based fibers are selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, and combinations thereof.
39. The absorbent article of claim 36, further comprising:
fluid permeable topsheet
A fluid impermeable backsheet;
wherein the absorbent material is disposed between the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet.
40. The absorbent article of claim 36, further comprising:
a fluid permeable topsheet; and
the fluid-impermeable backsheet may be provided with a fluid-impermeable backsheet,
wherein the absorbent material is disposed within the fluid permeable topsheet.
41. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-40, wherein the absorbent material forms at least a portion of an absorbent core of the absorbent article.
42. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-41, further comprising a superabsorbent polymer.
43. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-42, wherein the carboxylic acid is a polycarboxylic acid.
44. The absorbent article of claim 43, wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a partially or fully neutralized salt.
45. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-42, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
46. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-42, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
47. The absorbent article of any one of claims 36-42, wherein the carboxylic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof.
48. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-47, wherein the absorbent material comprises a carboxylic acid content of between about 0.01 wt.% and about 10 wt.%.
49. The absorbent article of any of claims 36-48, wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene product and the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, a tampon, and a disposable menstrual protection undergarment.
50. The feminine hygiene product of claim 49, wherein said feminine hygiene product is configured to be externally worn.
51. The feminine hygiene product of claim 49, wherein said feminine hygiene product is not configured to be worn internally.
52. The absorbent article of any one of claims 36-48, wherein the absorbent article is a meat packaging pad, and wherein the meat packaging pad is a fish packaging pad.
53. A method of measuring a decrease in free TMA subtracted by an absorbent material, the method comprising:
contacting the absorbent material disposed in the container with an amount of TMA;
withdrawing a portion of the gaseous headspace of the container;
measuring the amount of free TMA in the withdrawn portion of the gas headspace; and
the decrease in free TMA in the gas headspace relative to the control was determined.
54. The method of claim 53, wherein the absorbent material comprises a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix.
55. The method of claim 53, wherein the portion of the headspace is extracted after the free TMA has reached equilibrium.
56. The method of claim 53, wherein the control is a blank control.
57. The method of claim 53, wherein the control is an absorbent material control.
58. The method of claim 53, wherein measuring the amount of free TMA in the extracted portion of the gas headspace comprises:
passing the extracted portion of the gas headspace through a stationary phase loaded with a colorimetric label that changes color upon contact with TMA; and
the amount of color change in the stationary phase is measured in response to passing an extracted portion of the gas headspace through the stationary phase.
59. A method of manufacturing an absorbent article, the method comprising:
preparing an absorbent material comprising a fibrous matrix and a carboxylic acid coupled to the fibrous matrix; and
a fluid permeable topsheet and a fluid impermeable backsheet are coupled to the absorbent material.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein the absorbent material is disposed between the fluid permeable topsheet and the fluid impermeable backsheet.
61. The method of claim 59, wherein the absorbent material is disposed within the fluid permeable topsheet.
62. The method of claim 59, wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene product.
63. The method of claim 62 wherein the feminine hygiene product is selected from the group consisting of a panty liner, a sanitary napkin, a post-partum absorbent pad, a light incontinence pad, an interlabial pad, and a disposable menstrual protection undergarment.
64. The method of any of claims 62 or 63, wherein the feminine hygiene product is configured to be externally worn.
65. The method of any of claims 62-64, wherein the feminine hygiene product is not configured to be worn internally.
66. The method of claim 59, wherein the absorbent article is a meat packaging pad.
67. The method of claim 59, wherein the absorbent article is an absorbent article according to any one of claims 36-52.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202310270646.0A CN116510057A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201880095602.6A CN112423716A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor-controlling absorbent materials and absorbent articles, and related methods of use and methods of manufacture |
PCT/US2018/034759 WO2019226179A1 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor-control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and methods of making |
CN202310270646.0A CN116510057A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and manufacture |
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CN201880095602.6A Division CN112423716A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor-controlling absorbent materials and absorbent articles, and related methods of use and methods of manufacture |
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CN202310270646.0A Pending CN116510057A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and manufacture |
CN201880095602.6A Pending CN112423716A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor-controlling absorbent materials and absorbent articles, and related methods of use and methods of manufacture |
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CN201880095602.6A Pending CN112423716A (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2018-05-25 | Odor-controlling absorbent materials and absorbent articles, and related methods of use and methods of manufacture |
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EP (1) | EP3801425A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP7708548B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN116510057A (en) |
CO (1) | CO2020015224A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019226179A1 (en) |
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2018
- 2018-05-25 JP JP2020565932A patent/JP7708548B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-25 CN CN202310270646.0A patent/CN116510057A/en active Pending
- 2018-05-25 CN CN201880095602.6A patent/CN112423716A/en active Pending
- 2018-05-25 EP EP18731696.3A patent/EP3801425A1/en active Pending
- 2018-05-25 WO PCT/US2018/034759 patent/WO2019226179A1/en active Application Filing
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2020
- 2020-12-03 CO CONC2020/0015224A patent/CO2020015224A2/en unknown
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Also Published As
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CO2020015224A2 (en) | 2020-12-21 |
WO2019226179A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
CN112423716A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
EP3801425A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
BR112020024065A2 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
JP2024028728A (en) | 2024-03-05 |
JP2021525641A (en) | 2021-09-27 |
JP7708548B2 (en) | 2025-07-15 |
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