CN116497278A - High-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance hexagonal nut and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
High-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance hexagonal nut and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116497278A CN116497278A CN202310473380.XA CN202310473380A CN116497278A CN 116497278 A CN116497278 A CN 116497278A CN 202310473380 A CN202310473380 A CN 202310473380A CN 116497278 A CN116497278 A CN 116497278A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000592 Ferroniobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron niobium Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Nb] ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 chrome carbon compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of nut fastener processing. The invention discloses a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which consists of a hexagonal nut matrix and an anti-corrosion coating layer which is coated on the outer surface of the hexagonal nut matrix by laser cladding; the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix are as follows: C. mn, si, cr, ti, ni, cu, al, N, mo, B, ca, nb Fe and unavoidable impurities; the anticorrosive coating is (Fe) 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100‑x‑y Ti y W x The alloy, wherein 2at.% is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 5at.%,1.5at.% is less than or equal to y is less than or equal to 3at.%; the invention also provides a preparation process of the hexagonal nut, and the component content of the inoculant and the heat treatment processing process are limited. The hexagonal nut provided by the invention has high preparation efficiency and low pollution, and has excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and high and low temperature resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nut fastener machining, and particularly relates to a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The hexagonal nut is matched with the screw, the bolt and the screw for use, and plays a role in connecting the fastening part. In recent years, with the rapid development of China in the fields of automobiles, machine manufacturing, energy sources, aerospace and the like, in order to meet the requirements of high design stress and light weight of various fasteners, the demand of China for high-strength nuts is also rapidly increased. According to different materials, the hexagonal nuts are classified into carbon steel, stainless steel, nonferrous metal (copper) and other large types. In the traditional process, the hexagonal nut mostly uses copper alloy (nonferrous metal) with higher copper content, but the material has lower hardness and poor wear resistance, and can not meet the requirements of fans and manufacturing industries which develop at high speed; carbon steel is the most widely used hexagonal nut material in the current market, has low price, is easy to smelt and good in processing performance, but has lower strength, is not corrosion-resistant, has poor high and low temperature resistance, has poor hardenability, and generally has the problem of delayed fracture; the stainless steel hexagonal nut is generally an iron-based alloy with the chromium content of more than 12 percent, and can form complete and compact Cr in the air 2 O 3 The oxide film can well protect the substrate from corrosion, has good workability and weldability, but the stainless steel is softer in material and lower in hardness, and is often locked due to insufficient surface strength, and when the stainless steel is locked, scrap iron can be attached to the surface of the hexagonal nut to continuously react, and can be produced under the action of alternating load and continuous pressureStress failure at high temperature and high pressure occurs, resulting in poor wear resistance.
The invention of China patent CN201410462320.9 discloses a wear-resistant nut and a manufacturing method thereof, which adopts alloy steel materials to replace copper alloy materials in the prior art, and adopts a step quenching process, so that the phase transformation stress of the wear-resistant nut material structure in the process of transforming from austenite to martensite is effectively reduced, and the generation of cracks in the transforming process is effectively reduced, therefore, the nut has high hardness and good wear resistance, but has lower strength and poorer corrosion resistance due to higher carbon content. The Chinese patent No. 202111018057.0 discloses a high-strength nut material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nut material is prepared by mutually matching a plurality of metal elements with low carbon content, has excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating coated on the surface of the nut substrate belongs to an organic coating, and is not suitable for the existing environment-friendly concept because the aging resistance and the mechanical properties of the nut material are better than those of other organic coatings, but the bonding capability between the organic coating and an alloy substrate is insufficient, the nut material is easy to fall off from the nut substrate in a long-term torsion shearing environment, the using effect and the service life of the nut are influenced, and the use of an organic solvent is easy to pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, high preparation efficiency and low pollution, and the prepared hexagonal nut has high hardness, excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and high and low temperature resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which consists of a hexagonal nut matrix and an anti-corrosion coating layer which is coated on the outer surface of the hexagonal nut matrix by laser cladding;
the hexagonal nut matrix comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01-0.03% of C, 1.6-2.3% of Mn, 0.3-0.8% of Si, 17-19% of Cr, 0.06-0.12% of Ti, 6.5-9.8% of Ni, 0.8-1.5% of Cu, 1.3-2.1% of Al, 0.09-0.13% of N, 1.5-2.8% of Mo, 0.15-0.22% of B, 0.12-0.19% of Ca, 0.04-0.08% of Nb, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the anticorrosive coating is (Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x The alloy has x of 2at.% or less and 5at.% or less, and y of 1.5at.% or less and 3at.% or less.
The C component is most effective in increasing the hardness and strength of the steel material because it is easily formed into carbide at high temperature, but it is formed by combining with metal components (Si and Cr) in the steel material and precipitates carbide (SiC and chrome carbon compound) at grain boundaries, wherein the chrome carbon compound is an impurity component that reduces the corrosion resistance and toughness of the guide rail steel, and silicon carbide can improve the wear resistance of the guide rail steel. In the chemical components of the hexagonal nut, when the content of C is less than 0.01%, the hardness of the nut is lower and the wear resistance is common; when the C content is more than 0.03%, toughness is deteriorated, and corrosion resistance of the nut is further lowered, and the effect of the C component is not exhibited well, so that the C component content of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 0.03%.
The Mn component has the function of solid solution strengthening and has good effect on wear resistance, but when the Mn content is too high, sulfides are easily formed, and the corrosiveness and strength of the steel are affected. The Mn content in the chemical components of the hexagonal nut is controlled to be 1.6-2.3%, so that the hexagonal nut has high strength and toughness, and has better wear resistance and corrosion resistance. When the Mn content exceeds 2.3%, corrosiveness and strength are significantly reduced; when the Mn content is less than 1.6%, the strength and wear resistance of the nut are reduced to various degrees.
The Si component has deoxidizing and solid dissolving effects, and can promote cementite dispersion and improve the strength of the steel. In the present invention, when the Si content exceeds 0.8%, the workability of the nut is affected and the toughness of the nut is lowered; when the Si content is less than 0.3%, the strength and corrosion resistance of the present invention are adversely affected.
The Cr component can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel, and the content of the Cr component is controlled to be 17-19%, so that the requirements of high strength and high corrosion resistance of the nut can be met, and the nut can be ensured to have better plasticity and toughness. In the invention, if the Cr content is lower than 17%, the strength and corrosion resistance of the nut are greatly affected; if the Cr content is higher than 19%, the cost is increased, the plasticity and toughness of the nut are obviously reduced, and the casting blank is easy to crack in the production process.
The Ti component has the function of nitrogen fixation, and forms nitrogen compounds with nitrogen at high temperature, so that the strength and toughness of the steel are improved, but the content of Ti is too high, the cost of the nut is increased, and the toughness of the nut is reduced by the generated TiC. Ti has larger chemical activity at high temperature, and is easy to react with Al, B and the like in the anti-corrosion coating in the laser cladding process, thereby improving the wettability of the nut matrix and the anti-corrosion coating, and further improving the hardness and strength of the hexagonal nut. Therefore, the titanium content of the present invention is preferably 0.06 to 0.12%.
The Ni component can improve toughness and corrosion resistance of the hexagonal nut, and can promote the corrosion resistance of Cr, and if the Ni component is in proper amount, intermetallic compounds are formed with Ti or Al, so that the strength of the steel is improved. In the invention, if the Ni content is lower than 6.5%, the action effect with Cr is insufficient, and the toughness and corrosion resistance are improved; if the Ni content is too high, not only the cost is increased, but also the martensitic structure cannot be obtained under the quenching process of the present invention, the strength required by the present invention cannot be obtained, and the corrosion resistance is lowered. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably 6.5 to 9.8% in the present invention.
The Cu component can improve the stability of austenite in the steel, and improve the hardness, strength, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the steel, but excessive Cu can reduce the mechanical property of the steel and lead the steel to be easy to embrittle, so that in order to avoid the reduction of hot workability and plasticity of the steel caused by excessive Cu, the Cu content is controlled to be 0.8-1.5 percent, so that the Cu content is matched with other proper chemical components for use, thereby obtaining the hexagonal nut with excellent comprehensive performance, ensuring the corrosion resistance and simultaneously having higher strength and wear resistance.
The Al component is a strong deoxidizer, can refine austenite grains of the steel, and forms metal compounds with elements such as Ni, N and the like to improve the strength of the steel, but if the content of aluminum is too high, the casting blank does not undergo phase transformation in the cooling process, so that the toughness of the hexagonal nut is reduced. The Al content of the present invention is preferably 1.3 to 2.1%.
The N component can form clusters by solid solution and combination with elements such as Cr, mo and the like to improve the strength of the steel, but if the N content is too large, the generation of air holes in the casting process cannot be avoided at low cost, the strength and toughness of the steel are affected, and N is easy to react with metal of the steel to generate and separate out nitride, so that the corrosion resistance of the hexagonal nut is reduced. Therefore, the invention controls the N content to be between 0.09 and 0.13 percent, so that the N content meets the strength requirement of the hexagonal nut, and ensures the processability, toughness and corrosion resistance of the hexagonal nut.
The Mo component can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel, but when the Mo content is lower than 1.5%, the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel are not greatly affected, and the cost is increased; if the Mo content is higher than 2.8%, the strength and corrosion resistance of the invention are not obviously improved, the forming processability of the hexagonal nut is affected, and the material cost is increased.
The component B is used as a grain boundary strengthening element, the hot working plasticity of the steel can be improved, if the content of B is too high, the mechanical strength and the processing performance of the steel can be reduced, so the content of B is controlled to be 0.15-0.22%, and the steel has better toughness and processing performance on the premise of ensuring thermoplasticity and high strength.
The Ca component can improve the strength and workability of the steel, but too high a Ca content results in a decrease in toughness and workability of the steel, so the Ca content is controlled to be 0.19% or less and 0.12% or more in order to satisfy the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel according to the combined effect of Ca and other components.
The Nb component can improve the hardness of the steel, refine grains and play a role in increasing the strength of the steel. The Nb content is controlled to be 0.04-0.08%, so that the wear resistance of the invention is improved while the strength and hardness are ensured, and the invention has better corrosion resistance, if the Nb content is too high, the cost is higher, the hardness is influenced, and the wear resistance is reduced; if the Nb content is too low, the desired effect cannot be obtained.
Further, the conditions for satisfying the Cr, ni and Mo in the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix in mass percent are as follows: cr+Ni+Mo is more than or equal to 27.5% and less than or equal to 31.2%.
Cr+Ni+Mo is a factor influencing the strength and corrosion resistance, is limited between 27.5% and 31.2% in the invention, and has better and obvious strength and corrosion resistance effects after the three are compounded, and experiments prove that when Cr+Ni+Mo is less than 27.5%, the obtained hexagonal nut has poorer corrosion resistance and reduced strength; when Cr+Ni+Mo is more than 31.2%, it results in significant reduction in plasticity and toughness of the hexagonal nut.
Further, the conditions of the Mn, cu and Ca in the mass percentage of the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix are as follows: mn+Cu+Ca is more than or equal to 2.8% and less than or equal to 3.5%.
Mn+Cu+Ca is a factor influencing the strength and the hardness, is limited between 2.8 percent and 3.5 percent in the invention, has obvious strength and hardness effects after the three are compounded, has better wear resistance, and is proved by experiments that when Mn+Cu+Ca is less than 2.8 percent, the obtained hexagonal nut has poorer hardness, poor wear resistance and small strength; when Mn+Cu+Ca is more than 3.5%, the toughness of the hexagonal nut is obviously reduced, the hexagonal nut is easy to break, and the corrosion resistance is obviously reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: weighing raw materials according to the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix in percentage by mass;
s2, smelting: adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace for melting, preserving heat for 30-40min, and removing surface scum to obtain smelting liquid; placing the baked inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, inoculating the smelting liquid by a ladle filling method, removing slag, carrying out on-line dehydrogenation on the treated smelting liquid in a vacuum environment, filtering, casting the rod by a hot top plate, and placing the rod on a hot pier machine for hot pier forming to obtain a hexagonal nut blank;
s3, carrying out acid washing treatment on the obtained hexagonal nut blank, and then carrying out heat treatment and tapping to obtain a hexagonal nut matrix;
s4, weighing (Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, and then the ball milled metal powder and ethanol are mixed according to a proportion of 16: and mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 1, stirring to be sticky, coating the mixture on the outer surface of the hexagonal nut matrix, drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃, preheating to 300-400 ℃, performing laser cladding, and removing surface residues to obtain the required hexagonal nut.
Further, in the step S2, the smelting temperature is 1460-1500 ℃, and the casting temperature is 1380±10 ℃.
Further, in the step S2, the inoculant is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of Si, 0.5-0.8% of Al, 5.5-8.0% of Sr5.8-3.7% of Ba, 0.3-0.5% of Ca and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities; the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.1-0.25% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base body raw material.
Further, in the step S3, the heat treatment sequentially includes quenching treatment and tempering treatment, heating the pickled hexagonal nut blank to 400-450 ℃ and then preserving heat for 45-60min, then heating to 800-840 ℃ and then preserving heat for 15-25min, then quenching in oil at 180-200 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-15min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the mixture into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering treatment temperature is 220-280 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Further, in the step S3, the pickling process is as follows: the hexagonal nut blanks were placed in a 15% and 20% hydrochloric acid tank for 8min each in sequence, and then rinsed with water in a jet flow.
Further, in the step S4, the ball milling rate is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling time is 3-4h.
Further, in the step S4, the process parameters of the laser cladding are: the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, the light spot diameter is 5mm, the lap joint rate is 40%, the defocusing amount is 30mm, and the powder feeding amount is 40g/min; argon is selected as a protective gas in the laser cladding process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts (Fe) 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x The alloy is used as an anti-corrosion coating, and laser cladding is adopted on the surface of the hexagonal nut, so that a compact anti-corrosion wear-resistant layer is formed, the hardness, strength, impact resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the hexagonal nut are improved, and the hexagonal nut has better high and low temperature resistance. The anti-corrosion coating adopts a laser cladding technology, firstly, the surface of the hexagonal nut matrix is preheated to 300-400 ℃, so that the permeability between the matrix and the anti-corrosion coating is improved, the binding force between the matrix and the anti-corrosion coating is further improved, the internal stress of the anti-corrosion coating in the cladding process is reduced, the fracture toughness of the anti-corrosion coating is improved, and the strength and toughness of the hexagonal nut are further improved; by adopting proper laser scanning speed, a smooth anti-corrosion coating can be formed, the corrosion resistance of the coating is improved, and if the scanning speed is too high, the surface of the coating becomes rough due to convection effect, so that the corrosion rate is increased.
2. The anticorrosive coating is formed by combining Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W elements in a certain atomic proportion, B, ti and other elements have the effect of refining grains, so that the number of grain boundaries at the joint of the coating is increased, the fine grain strengthening effect is obvious, the hardness of the anticorrosive coating is improved, and the wear resistance of the anticorrosive coating is obviously improved; according to the hexagonal nut, through reasonable design of metal components and metal atom proportion, the formation of intermetallic compounds is inhibited due to the high entropy effect and the quick cooling characteristic of a preparation process, a single-phase solid solution structure is formed, a uniform and compact micro-light structure is formed, grain boundary element segregation is reduced, corrosion resistance and high-low temperature stability of the coating are remarkably improved, so that the hexagonal nut has better strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-low temperature stability, and the service effect and service life of the hexagonal nut are prolonged.
3. The heat treatment process is designed according to the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix, adopts the graded quenching temperature for treatment and then quenches the hexagonal nut matrix into low-temperature oil, thereby remarkably improving the hardness and wear resistance of the hexagonal nut matrix, and improves the strength and toughness of the hexagonal nut matrix through proper tempering treatment, so that the hexagonal nut matrix has better corrosion resistance.
4. In the solidification process, a small amount of inoculant (Si, al, sr, ba, ca and other components) is added into the liquid metal in a ladle pouring way, so that crystal grains in the matrix of the invention can be thinned, the hardness and strength of the hexagonal nut matrix are obviously improved, the generation of residual stress is reduced, the processing fluidity is improved, and the toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the invention are improved.
5. The chemical components and the content of the hexagonal nut enable the hexagonal nut to have high hardness, high strength and excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix are mostly common metals, so that the production cost of the hexagonal nut is reduced.
6. The corrosion-resistant coating is formed by combining Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W metal elements, does not use an organic reagent or volatile substances, is formed on the surface of the hexagonal nut by adopting a laser cladding technology, cannot volatilize in the surface coating process and the use process of the hexagonal nut, has high treatment speed, high efficiency and low cost, does not pollute the environment, and is an environment-friendly corrosion-resistant coating.
7. According to the invention, the anti-corrosion coating is coated on the surface of the hexagonal nut matrix by laser cladding, the anti-corrosion coating is simple to operate, high in preparation efficiency and low in pollution, has excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and has good interface binding force with the hexagonal nut, so that the anti-corrosion coating has a long-acting wear-resistant anti-corrosion effect, the service life of the hexagonal nut is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the hexagonal nut is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance and the preparation process thereof are described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: scrap steel with carbon content lower than 0.03%, superfine carbon ferrochrome, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrotitanium, copper powder, silicon aluminum alloy, calcium silicon alloy, ferroboron and ferroniobium.
S2, smelting: adding the weighed raw materials into a 1460 ℃ smelting furnace to be melted, preserving heat for 40min, and removing surface scum to obtain smelting liquid; and (3) placing the inoculant baked at 120 ℃ for 2 hours at the bottom of a steel ladle, inoculating the smelting liquid by a ladle filling method, removing slag, carrying out online dehydrogenation on the treated smelting liquid in a vacuum environment, filtering, casting into bars by a hot top plate at the casting temperature of 1380 ℃, and placing the bars on a hot heading machine for hot heading forming to obtain a hexagonal nut blank.
S3, sequentially placing the obtained hexagonal nut blank bodies into 8min of hydrochloric acid tanks with the concentration of 15% and 20%, and then flushing with jet water; heating the hexagonal nut blank to 400 ℃ and then preserving heat for 60min, then heating to 840 ℃ and then preserving heat for 20 min, then quenching into 200 ℃ oil and preserving heat for 10 min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the steel into a tempering furnace, tempering at 280 ℃ for 2 hours, air-cooling to room temperature, and tapping to obtain the hexagonal nut matrix.
Through inspection, the hexagonal nut matrix comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of C, 2.1% of Mn, 0.8% of Si, 17.6% of Cr, 0.08% of Ti, 7.4% of Ni, 0.9% of Cu, 1.7% of Al, 0.12% of N, 2.6% of Mo, 0.15% of B, 0.17% of Ca, 0.05% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe.
S4, weighing Fe according to atomic percentage 43.2 Al 17.3 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.3 Ti 3 W 2 Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the ball-milled metal powder and ethanol are mixed according to a proportion of 16:1, stirring to be sticky, coating the mixture on the outer surface of a hexagonal nut matrix, keeping the thickness of the coating at 1mm, drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃, preheating to 300 ℃, carrying out laser cladding, selecting argon as protective gas, enabling the gas flow to be 15L/min, enabling the laser power to be 1600W, enabling the scanning speed to be 3mm/s, enabling the spot diameter to be 5mm, enabling the lap joint rate to be 40%, enabling the defocusing amount to be 30mm, enabling the powder feeding amount to be 40g/min, and cleaning surface residues by using a steel brush after the cladding experiment is completed, so that the required hexagonal nut is obtained.
The inoculant consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35% of Si, 0.8% of Al, 7.8% of Sr7.8%, 3.2% of Ba3, 0.3% of Ca0 and the balance of iron. The addition amount of the inoculant is 0.12% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base body raw material.
Example 2
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: scrap steel with carbon content lower than 0.03%, superfine carbon ferrochrome, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrotitanium, copper powder, silicon aluminum alloy, calcium silicon alloy, ferroboron and ferroniobium.
S2, smelting: adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace at 1500 ℃ for melting, preserving heat for 40min, and removing surface scum to obtain smelting liquid; and (3) placing the inoculant baked at 120 ℃ for 2 hours at the bottom of a steel ladle, inoculating the smelting liquid by a ladle filling method, removing slag, carrying out online dehydrogenation on the treated smelting liquid in a vacuum environment, filtering, casting into bars by a hot top plate at the casting temperature of 1380 ℃, and placing the bars on a hot heading machine for hot heading forming to obtain a hexagonal nut blank.
S3, sequentially placing the obtained hexagonal nut blank into hydrochloric acid tanks with the concentration of 15% and 20% for 8min respectively, and then flushing by using jet water; heating the hexagonal nut blank to 450 ℃ and then preserving heat for 45min, then heating to 800 ℃ and then preserving heat for 25min, then quenching into 180 ℃ oil and preserving heat for 15min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the steel into a tempering furnace, tempering at 220 ℃ for 2 hours, air-cooling to room temperature, and tapping to obtain the hexagonal nut matrix.
Through inspection, the hexagonal nut matrix comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.03% of C, 1.8% of Mn, 0.5% of Si, 18.4% of Cr, 0.11% of Ti, 9.8% of Ni, 1.5% of Cu, 1.4% of Al, 0.09% of N, 1.7% of Mo, 0.17% of B, 0.19% of Ca, 0.08% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe.
S4, weighing Fe according to atomic percentage 42.5 Al 17 Cu 8.5 Cr 8.5 B 17 Ti 1.5 W 5 Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the ball-milled metal powder and ethanol are mixed according to a proportion of 16:1, stirring to be sticky, coating the mixture on the outer surface of a hexagonal nut matrix, keeping the thickness of the coating at 1mm, drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃, preheating to 400 ℃, carrying out laser cladding, selecting argon as protective gas, enabling the gas flow to be 15L/min, enabling the laser power to be 1600W, enabling the scanning speed to be 3mm/s, enabling the spot diameter to be 5mm, enabling the lap joint rate to be 40%, enabling the defocusing amount to be 30mm, enabling the powder feeding amount to be 40g/min, and cleaning surface residues by using a steel brush after the cladding experiment is completed, so that the required hexagonal nut is obtained.
The inoculant consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of Si, 0.7% of Al, 6.4% of Sr6, 2.8% of Ba2, 0.5% of Ca and the balance of iron. The addition amount of the inoculant is 0.23% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base body raw material.
Example 3
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: scrap steel with carbon content lower than 0.03%, superfine carbon ferrochrome, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrotitanium, copper powder, silicon aluminum alloy, calcium silicon alloy, ferroboron and ferroniobium.
S2, smelting: adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace at 1480 ℃ for melting, preserving heat for 40min, and removing surface scum to obtain smelting liquid; and (3) placing the inoculant baked at 120 ℃ for 2 hours at the bottom of a steel ladle, inoculating the smelting liquid by a ladle filling method, removing slag, carrying out online dehydrogenation on the treated smelting liquid in a vacuum environment, filtering, casting into bars by a hot top plate at the casting temperature of 1380 ℃, and placing the bars on a hot heading machine for hot heading forming to obtain a hexagonal nut blank.
S3, sequentially placing the obtained hexagonal nut blank bodies into 8min of hydrochloric acid tanks with the concentration of 15% and 20%, and then flushing with jet water; heating the hexagonal nut blank to 420 ℃, then preserving heat for 60min, then heating to 820 ℃, then preserving heat for 25min, then quenching into 200 ℃ oil, preserving heat for 15min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the steel into a tempering furnace, tempering at 250 ℃ for 3 hours, air-cooling to room temperature, and tapping to obtain the hexagonal nut matrix.
Through inspection, the hexagonal nut matrix comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of C, 2.2% of Mn, 0.3% of Si, 18.1% of Cr, 0.12% of Ti, 8.7% of Ni, 1.1% of Cu, 1.9% of Al, 0.11% of N, 2.4% of Mo, 0.22% of B, 0.12% of Ca, 0.06% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe.
S4, weighing Fe according to atomic percentage 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the ball-milled metal powder and ethanol are mixed according to a proportion of 16:1, stirring to be sticky, coating the mixture on the outer surface of a hexagonal nut matrix to ensure that the thickness of the coating layer is kept at 1mm, drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃, preheating to 360 ℃, carrying out laser cladding, selecting argon as protective gas, controlling the gas flow to be 15L/min,the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, the light spot diameter is 5mm, the lap joint rate is 40%, the defocusing amount is 30mm, the powder feeding amount is 40g/min, and after the cladding experiment is completed, the steel brush is used for removing surface residues to obtain the required hexagonal nut.
The inoculant consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 42% of Si, 0.7% of Al, 6.9% of Sr6, 3.5% of Ba3, 0.4% of Ca and the balance of iron. The addition amount of the inoculant is 0.18% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base body raw material.
Example 4
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and inoculant and Fe 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 The chemical composition, content and preparation process of the alloy are also the same, and refer to example 3 specifically. The difference is that the hexagonal nut matrix in this embodiment 4 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of C, 2.1% of Mn, 0.3% of Si, 18.8% of Cr, 0.11% of Ti, 9.7% of Ni, 1.2% of Cu, 1.9% of Al, 0.10% of N, 2.8% of Mo, 0.22% of B, 0.11% of Ca, 0.06% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe.
Example 5
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and inoculant and Fe 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 The chemical composition, content and preparation process of the alloy are also the same, and refer to example 3 specifically. The difference is that the hexagonal nut matrix in this embodiment 5 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of C, 2.3% of Mn, 0.3% of Si, 18.1% of Cr, 0.11% of Ti, 8.8% of Ni, 1.4% of Cu, 1.8% of Al, 0.11% of N, 2.3% of Mo, 0.21% of B, 0.13% of Ca, 0.05% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe.
Example 6
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and inoculant and Fe 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 Chemical formation of alloysThe components, contents and preparation process were the same, and specific reference was made to example 3. In contrast, the hexagonal nut base body surface in this example 6 was not subjected to surface treatment (not subjected to laser cladding), i.e., step S4 was not included.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and inoculant and Fe 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 The chemical composition, content and preparation process of the alloy are also the same, and refer to example 3 specifically. In contrast, the inoculant in the comparative example 1 is 75 ferrosilicon, and the addition amount of the 75 ferrosilicon is 0.18% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base material.
Comparative example 2
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and inoculant and Fe 43 Al 17.2 Cu 8.6 Cr 8.6 B 17.2 Ti 2 W 3.5 The chemical composition, content and preparation process of the alloy are also the same, and refer to example 3 specifically. The difference is that the heat treatment process of this comparative example 2 is: heating the pickled hexagonal nut blank to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, quenching into 200 ℃ oil, preserving heat for 15min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the mixture into a tempering furnace, tempering at 250 ℃ for 3 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 3
The preparation process of the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is the same as that of the embodiment 3, and the chemical components and the content of the inoculant are the same, with specific reference to the embodiment 3. In contrast, the anticorrosive coating in this comparative example 3 was Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 Alloy of Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 The preparation method of the alloy comprises the following steps: weighing Fe according to atomic percent 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 Fe, al, cu, cr and B simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling for 4 hours.
The round section samples of hexagonal nuts prepared by the preparation methods of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested for mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 mechanical properties test results table
The test results in Table 1 show that the invention has very high tensile strength and hardness, and excellent toughness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. When the surface of the sample substrate is laser-clad (Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x After alloying, the strength, hardness and toughness of the finished product of the hexagonal nut are improved, and the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the hexagonal nut are improved; when the component composition, inoculant type and heat treatment processing technology of the hexagonal nut are improved, the comprehensive performance of the hexagonal nut is greatly improved.
The hexagonal nuts prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 above were tested by ASTM A962/A962M-2018 test method, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2 table of test results for ensuring load
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the hexagonal nut of the present invention acts under a relatively high load, and can be unscrewed by hand after unloading, and no tripping or breaking phenomenon occurs.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The hexagonal nut is characterized by comprising a hexagonal nut matrix and an anti-corrosion coating layer which is coated on the outer surface of the hexagonal nut matrix by laser cladding;
the hexagonal nut matrix comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01-0.03% of C, 1.6-2.3% of Mn, 0.3-0.8% of Si, 17-19% of Cr, 0.06-0.12% of Ti, 6.5-9.8% of Ni, 0.8-1.5% of Cu, 1.3-2.1% of Al, 0.09-0.13% of N, 1.5-2.8% of Mo, 0.15-0.22% of B, 0.12-0.19% of Ca, 0.04-0.08% of Nb, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the anticorrosive coating is (Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x The alloy has x of 2at.% or less and 5at.% or less, and y of 1.5at.% or less and 3at.% or less.
2. The high wear and corrosion resistant hex nut according to claim 1, wherein the Cr, ni and Mo satisfy the following conditions in mass percent of the hex nut base chemistry: cr+Ni+Mo is more than or equal to 27.5% and less than or equal to 31.2%.
3. The high wear and corrosion resistant hex nut according to claim 1, wherein the Mn, cu and Ca satisfy the following conditions in mass percent of the hex nut base chemistry: mn+Cu+Ca is more than or equal to 2.8% and less than or equal to 3.5%.
4. A process for preparing a hexagonal nut having high wear resistance and corrosion resistance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, proportioning: weighing raw materials according to the chemical components of the hexagonal nut matrix in percentage by mass;
s2, smelting: adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace for melting, preserving heat for 30-40min, and removing surface scum to obtain smelting liquid; placing the baked inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, inoculating the smelting liquid by a ladle filling method, removing slag, carrying out on-line dehydrogenation on the treated smelting liquid in a vacuum environment, filtering, casting the rod by a hot top plate, and placing the rod on a hot pier machine for hot pier forming to obtain a hexagonal nut blank;
s3, carrying out acid washing treatment on the obtained hexagonal nut blank, and then carrying out heat treatment and tapping to obtain a hexagonal nut matrix;
s4, weighing (Fe 5 Al 2 CuCrB 2 ) 100-x-y Ti y W x Fe, al, cu, cr, B, ti and W simple substance powder in the alloy are placed in a ball mill for ball milling, and then the ball milled metal powder and ethanol are mixed according to a proportion of 16: and mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 1, stirring to be sticky, coating the mixture on the outer surface of the hexagonal nut matrix, drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃, preheating to 300-400 ℃, performing laser cladding, and removing surface residues to obtain the required hexagonal nut.
5. The process for preparing a hexagonal nut having high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the melting temperature is 1460-1500 ℃, and the casting temperature is 1380±10 ℃.
6. The process for preparing a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the inoculant is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of Si, 0.5-0.8% of Al, 5.5-8.0% of Sr5.8-3.7% of Ba, 0.3-0.5% of Ca and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities; the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.1-0.25% of the total amount of the hexagonal nut base body raw material.
7. The process for preparing the hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the heat treatment comprises quenching treatment and tempering treatment in sequence, heating the pickled hexagonal nut blank to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 45-60min, then heating to 800-840 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-25min, then quenching in oil of 180-200 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-15min, taking out, and cooling at room temperature; then placing the mixture into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering treatment temperature is 220-280 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
8. The process for preparing a hexagonal nut having high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, the pickling process is: the hexagonal nut blanks were placed in a 15% and 20% hydrochloric acid tank for 8min each in sequence, and then rinsed with water in a jet flow.
9. The process for preparing a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the ball milling rate is 420r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, ball milling time is 3-4h.
10. The process for preparing a hexagonal nut with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 4, wherein in step S4, the process parameters of the laser cladding are: the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, the light spot diameter is 5mm, the lap joint rate is 40%, the defocusing amount is 30mm, and the powder feeding amount is 40g/min; argon is selected as a protective gas in the laser cladding process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
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