CN116484559A - Dynamic monitoring method and system for PDC drill bit abrasion state while drilling - Google Patents
Dynamic monitoring method and system for PDC drill bit abrasion state while drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and a system for the abrasion state of a PDC drill bit while drilling, wherein the method monitors the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit drilling to each depth by using a designed optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model, further analyzes the deviation degree of the mechanical specific energy of sections with different depths, judges the stability of the mechanical specific energy of each section, identifies the section with abrasion, and quantitatively calculates the abrasion degree of the PDC drill bit of a specific layer section in a targeted manner based on the comprehensive PDC drill bit abrasion physical model so as to provide support for decision-making construction parameters; the method can solve the problems of strong subjectivity, difficult quantification and limited applicability in the prior art, improves the applicability, reduces the complexity of calculation and the construction cost, ensures more accurate abrasion prediction of the drill bit, and provides a reliable basis for on-site engineers to make decisions such as adjusting drilling parameters, lifting and replacing the drill bit, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling construction optimization, in particular to a dynamic monitoring method and system for the abrasion state of a PDC drill bit while drilling.
Background
As the field of oil field exploration and development is expanding from conventional oil gas resources to unconventional oil gas resources such as low permeability, deep ultra deep layer, ocean deep water, shale oil, shale gas and the like, challenges such as resource inferior, exploration diversification, development complicacy, environmental aversion degradation and the like are faced, well drilling is a key link of oil gas resource discovery, exploration and exploitation, and as well drilling encounters geological environment more and more complex and well drilling conditions more and more severe, development of new generation of reformable well drilling technology is urgently needed to shorten well drilling period and reduce well drilling cost. PDC drill bit plays an important role in the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling due to the high drilling speed and high rock breaking efficiency, and is widely used in the current engineering of soft to medium hard stratum in the drilling of the petroleum and gas drill. According to statistics, more than 70% of PDC drill bit failures are caused by damage to cutting teeth, and the damage form of the cutting teeth is mainly abrasion damage, so that the abrasion degree of the PDC drill bit is mastered in real time in the drilling process, and the PDC drill bit failures are particularly important for development of drilling construction.
The abrasion judgment technology of the PDC drill bit mainly comprises the following steps: (1) empirical methods; (2) physical methods; (3) data method. The experience method is that a drilling engineer is based on the accumulation of years and months of experience of the working condition of a specific working area, given parameters such as drilling parameters, stratum characteristics, mechanical drilling speed and the like, and further reasonably judges the abrasion degree of a drill bit which is drilled by combining with professional knowledge, the method lacks reliable theoretical guidance, and extremely depends on engineers with abundant experience in the working area, so that only approximate reasonable abrasion judgment can be obtained. The physical model method is based on the knowledge of engineers on factors affecting the wear of the drill bit, and the relationship between the factors and the wear degree of the drill bit is obtained through a great amount of data of the drilled site and laboratory test analysis and is shown in a form of a certain mathematical expression. The physical model drill bit abrasion prediction method is difficult to comprehensively consider factors influencing drill bit abrasion, the established physical model is more in related unknown parameters, the parameter change range of different operation areas is larger, and along with the development of complex oil and gas reservoirs and the application of new drilling tools and processes, the matching and applicability of the physical model face challenges. The data method generally utilizes various sensors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of a drilling platform to collect the operation parameters of a drill bit in the drilling process, and calculates the abrasion of the drill bit through a mathematical algorithm. The data method overcomes the defect of low adaptability of the physical object model to a certain extent, but has higher requirements on software and hardware of equipment, high input cost and difficult popularization in the field.
The information disclosed in the background section of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for dynamically monitoring the wear state of a PDC bit while drilling, in one embodiment, the method includes:
a mechanical specific energy monitoring step, namely deciding an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC drill bit according to drilling tool combination characteristics and operation intervention factors when the PDC drill bit is applied, and obtaining the mechanical specific energy representing the dynamic rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit to be tested at different working depths in real time;
dividing analysis sections according to a set range, calculating corresponding mechanical specific energy deviation degree according to set logic for each analysis section based on the obtained mechanical specific energy, and comparing the calculated mechanical specific energy deviation degree with a set deviation degree standard value to determine the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit in the analysis section;
a step of quantitative abrasion analysis, in which abrasion state data of the PDC drill bit during working is calculated by selectively introducing an abrasion physical prediction model preset by the PDC drill bit aiming at an analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting a set condition;
and a drilling optimization step, and a construction adjustment scheme for comprehensively matching the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit with the data decision of the abrasion state.
Preferably, as an improvement of the present invention, in the mechanical specific energy monitoring step, the process of deciding on the optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC bit includes:
based on a basic mechanical specific energy model based on the fusion of drilling data of multiple drilling data of bit weight, rotating speed, torque, bit size, mechanical drilling speed and formation compressive strength, the hardware characteristics of the PDC bit and screw drilling tool while drilling combination are combined, multiple influencing factors of screw drilling speed, screw torque, threshold bit weight and threshold bit weight are further introduced, and a corresponding optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model is constructed.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the mechanical specific energy monitoring step, mechanical specific energy data for each working depth of the drill bit is calculated according to an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model described by the following formula:
wherein E is the mechanical specific energy and Mpa; w is weight on bit, kN; t is ground torque, KN.m; n is the ground rotation speed, rpm; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/h; d, d B The diameter of the drill bit is mm; w (W) bs Is threshold weight on bit, kN; t (T) bs Is threshold torque KN.m; k (K) N The drilling rate and the flow rate are r/L for the screw drilling tool; q is total displacement, L/s; t (T) m The maximum output torque of the screw drilling tool is KN.m; Δp m The maximum pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the screw drilling tool is Mpa; Δp p Is the inlet and outlet pressure and Mpa of the drilling tool combination.
As a further improvement of the invention, the analysis section range and record matched with the unit mechanical specific energy is decided according to the time, geological characteristics, well type and construction working depth in advance, and the division is directly realized according to the construction requirement in the abrasion preliminary analysis step.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the wear preliminary analysis step, the mechanical specific energy deviation of the drill bit is calculated by the following formula:
where i represents the i-th specific mechanical energy monitoring value in the current analysis section and D represents the total number of specific mechanical energy monitoring values in the analysis section.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the abrasion quantitative analysis step, for the analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the set condition, the mechanical specific energy stability degree of the front and rear adjacent sections is further analyzed, if the stability degree difference value between the front and rear sections is within the set range, the section is taken as the section meeting the abrasion condition, and the operation of the subsequent abrasion state data is continued, so as to eliminate the situation of sudden drilling encountering abnormal geology.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in one embodiment, in the wear quantitative analysis step, the wear state data of the worn drill bit is quantitatively calculated according to the following wear physical prediction model:
wherein ω is the dimensionless wear rate of the PDC bit; kN; a is that f Is used as the grinding index of rock, mg/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the positive pressure of the cutting teeth and kN; v is cutting speed, m/s; h is the dimensionless wear height of the cutting teeth; a, b, d, k are parameters related to the shape of the cutter and formation properties.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the well drilling optimization step, for the depth section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the abrasion condition, if the abrasion state data of the depth section does not reach the set threshold value, the depth section is determined to be slightly abraded, and the original drill bit is adopted to continue well drilling after the construction parameters are adjusted with the aim of guaranteeing the well drilling effect; and if the abrasion state data is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, determining that the drill bit is worn for a certain time, and continuing drilling based on the matched construction parameters after replacing the drill bit.
Based on other aspects of the method described in any one or more of the embodiments above, the present invention also provides a storage medium having stored thereon program code that can implement the method described in any one or more of the embodiments above.
Based on the application improvement aspect of the method in any one or more of the embodiments, the invention further provides a dynamic monitoring system while drilling of the wear state of the PDC drill bit, which performs the method in any one or more of the embodiments.
Compared with the closest prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the dynamic monitoring method for the wear state of the PDC drill bit while drilling, the designed optimization mechanical specific energy calculation model is utilized to monitor the mechanical specific energy of each depth in the operation of the drill bit, so that the deviation degree of the mechanical specific energy of sections with different depths is analyzed, the stability of the mechanical specific energy of each section is judged, the section with wear is identified, and the wear degree of the PDC drill bit in a specific layer section is calculated quantitatively in a targeted manner based on the characteristic that the physical model with wear of the PDC drill bit is easy to quantify; the method improves applicability, reduces calculation complexity and field application cost, and simultaneously enables intelligent wear prediction of the drill bit to be more accurate; providing reliable basis for the field engineer to make decisions such as adjusting drilling parameters, pulling out and replacing drill bits; in addition, the scheme of the invention avoids installing a large number of sensors on the drilling platform and the downhole tool, reduces the use threshold and has stronger application value; the method provides support for saving drilling cost and improving economic benefit in drilling engineering.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic monitoring while drilling method for the wear state of a PDC bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a dynamic monitoring while drilling method for the wear state of a PDC bit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the monitoring of the change in mechanical specific energy of scenario 1 of a dynamic monitoring method while drilling for the wear state of a PDC bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the monitoring of the change in mechanical specific energy of scenario 2 of a dynamic monitoring method while drilling for the wear state of a PDC bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of monitoring the change in mechanical specific energy of scenario case 3 of a dynamic monitoring method while drilling for the wear state of a PDC bit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic while-drilling monitoring system for the wear state of a PDC bit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will explain the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, so that the practitioner of the present invention can fully understand how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems, achieve the implementation process of the technical effects, and implement the present invention according to the implementation process. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Although a flowchart depicts operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or at the same time. The order of the operations may be rearranged. The process may be terminated when its operations are completed, but may have additional steps not included in the figures. The processes may correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, and the like.
The computer device includes a user device and a network device. Wherein the user equipment or client includes, but is not limited to, a computer, a smart phone, a PDA, etc.; network devices include, but are not limited to, a single network server, a server group of multiple network servers, or a cloud based cloud computing consisting of a large number of computers or network servers. The computer device may operate alone to implement the invention, or may access a network and implement the invention through interoperation with other computer devices in the network. The network in which the computer device is located includes, but is not limited to, the internet, a wide area network, a metropolitan area network, a local area network, a VPN network, and the like.
The terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements should not be limited by these terms, and these terms are used merely to distinguish one element from another. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. When an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Currently, the wear judgment of PDC bits can be roughly divided into two main categories: (1) empirical methods; (2) physical methods; (3) data method. The empirical method is based on a cumulative experience of drilling engineers over time with respect to the operating conditions of a particular operating area. Given drilling parameters, formation properties, rate of penetration, etc., a drilling engineer may have a rough judgment of the wear of the drill bit being drilled, a method that lacks theoretical guidance, and is highly dependent on experienced engineers in the working area. The physical model method is based on the knowledge of engineers on factors affecting the wear of the drill bit, and the relationship between the factors and the wear degree of the drill bit is obtained through a great amount of data of the drilled site and laboratory test analysis and is shown in a form of a certain mathematical expression. The physical model drill bit abrasion prediction method is difficult to comprehensively consider factors influencing drill bit abrasion, the established physical model is more in related unknown parameters, the parameter change amplitude of different operation areas is larger, and along with the development of complex oil and gas reservoirs and the application of new drilling tools and processes, the applicability of the physical model is challenged. The data method utilizes various sensors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of a drilling platform to collect parameters such as weight on bit, torque, rotating speed, displacement, vibration and the like applied to the bit in the drilling process, and calculates the wear of the bit through a mathematical algorithm. The data method overcomes the defect of low adaptability of the physical object model to a certain extent, but has higher requirements on software and hardware of equipment, high input cost and difficult popularization in the field. For example, document CN112983392a describes a method for discriminating drill bit efficiency in sedimentary rock formations using a specific mechanical energy deviation trend line, which comprises first plotting a scatter plot of the relation between specific mechanical energy and drilling depth of the well being drilled in a rectangular coordinate system, then plotting a specific mechanical energy trend line and a deviation trend line, and finally calculating the ratio α of the slope of the deviation trend line to the slope of the trend line, and the ratio β of the maximum mechanical energy to the average value of the trend line, respectively, and when α and β are greater than a specified value, respectively, it can be discriminated that the drill bit efficiency is significantly reduced. The patent provides qualitative judgment for judging the efficiency of the drill bit, but only aims at sedimentary rock stratum, is not compatible with the influence of geological factors of complex stratum, is easy to cause misjudgment, has the accuracy of calculation results which are difficult to meet engineering requirements, and has obvious application limitation.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the dynamic monitoring method and the system for the abrasion state of the PDC drill bit while drilling, which are deeply integrated with a data model based on mechanical specific energy and a physical model of the abrasion of the PDC drill bit, optimize decision making process and calculation principle, improve applicability, reduce field application cost, simultaneously lead the abrasion prediction of the drill bit to be more accurate, and can provide basis for field engineers to make decisions of adjusting drilling parameters, replacing the drill bit and the like, thereby shortening drilling operation time and saving drilling cost.
The detailed flow of the method of embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below based on the attached drawing figures, where the steps shown in the flowchart of the figures may be performed in a computer system containing, for example, a set of computer executable instructions. Although a logical order of steps is depicted in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than presented.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for dynamically monitoring wear state of a PDC bit while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as can be seen with reference to fig. 1, the method includes the following steps.
A mechanical specific energy monitoring step, namely deciding an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC drill bit according to drilling tool combination characteristics and operation intervention factors when the PDC drill bit is applied, and obtaining the mechanical specific energy representing the dynamic rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit to be tested at different working depths in real time;
dividing analysis sections according to a set range, calculating corresponding mechanical specific energy deviation degree according to set logic for each analysis section based on the obtained mechanical specific energy, and comparing the calculated mechanical specific energy deviation degree with a set deviation degree standard value to determine the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit in the analysis section;
a step of quantitative abrasion analysis, in which abrasion state data of the PDC drill bit during working is calculated by selectively introducing an abrasion physical prediction model preset by the PDC drill bit aiming at an analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting a set condition;
and a drilling optimization step, and a construction adjustment scheme for comprehensively matching the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit with the data decision of the abrasion state.
Based on the implementation logic provided by the embodiment, the scheme of the invention adopts a unique strategy to integrate a data model based on mechanical specific energy and a physical model for PDC drill bit abrasion, and has the advantages of two methods, thereby being capable of monitoring the PDC drill bit abrasion state, improving the applicability, reducing the field application cost and simultaneously enabling the drill bit abrasion prediction to be more accurate.
Further, in actual drilling operation, the mechanical specific energy, that is, the work done by the drill bit to crush the rock in unit volume, fuses numerous drilling related data such as weight on bit, rotation speed, torque, drill bit size, mechanical drilling speed, formation compressive strength and the like into an index, so that qualitative monitoring of the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is realized: when the homogeneous stratum is drilled, the mechanical specific energy is slowly increased along with the abrasion of a drill bit and the increase of drilling; the mechanical specific energy increases dramatically when the drill encounters sudden changes in formation lithology and the wear passivation of the drill bit fails. The traditional mechanical specific energy model is:
wherein E is the mechanical specific energy and Mpa; w is weight on bit, kN; t is ground torque, KN.m; n is the ground rotation speed, rpm; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/h; d, d B Is the diameter of the drill bit, mm.
The researchers of the invention consider that the traditional mechanical specific energy model only considers the work done by the non-PDC drill bit to break the rock per unit volume under the action of the weight on bit and the torque. When the modern drilling tool assembly of the PDC drill bit and the screw drill is adopted underground, hydraulic energy contained in drilling fluid sprayed from a water hole of the PDC drill bit also plays a role in assisting rock breaking, in addition, the screw drilling speed, the screw torque, the threshold weight on bit and the threshold weight on bit also have an influence on the dynamic rock breaking work in the operation of the PDC drill bit, therefore, in a preferred embodiment, in a mechanical specific energy monitoring step, the process of deciding an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC drill bit comprises the following steps:
based on a basic mechanical specific energy model based on the fusion of drilling data of multiple drilling data of bit weight, rotating speed, torque, bit size, mechanical drilling speed and formation compressive strength, the hardware characteristics of the PDC bit and screw drilling tool while drilling combination are combined, multiple influencing factors of screw drilling speed, screw torque, threshold bit weight and threshold bit weight are further introduced, and a corresponding optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model is constructed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation principle of the dynamic monitoring method while drilling for the wear state of the PDC bit according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, specifically, in one embodiment, in the mechanical specific energy monitoring step, mechanical specific energy data of each working depth of the bit is calculated according to an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model described in the following manner:
wherein E is the mechanical specific energy of the PDC drill bit and Mpa; w is weight on bit, kN; t is ground torque, KN.m; n is the ground rotation speed, rpm; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/h; d, d B The diameter of the drill bit is mm; w (W) bs Is threshold weight on bit, kN; t (T) bs Is threshold torque KN.m; k (K) N The drilling rate and the flow rate are r/L for the screw drilling tool; q is total displacement, L/s; t (T) m The maximum output torque of the screw drilling tool is KN.m; Δp m The maximum pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the screw drilling tool is Mpa; Δp p Is the inlet and outlet pressure and Mpa of the drilling tool combination.
When the mechanical specific energy monitoring value of the drill bit in a certain layer section (section) is stable and the deviation degree is smaller than the mechanical specific energy baseline, the drill bit is basically free from abrasion, and therefore the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy is judged by analyzing the deviation degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit for each depth section. Specifically, in one embodiment, in the wear preliminary analysis step, the mechanical specific energy deviation of the drill bit is calculated by:
where i represents the i-th specific mechanical energy monitoring value in the current analysis section and D represents the total number of specific mechanical energy monitoring values in the analysis section.
The mechanical specific energy of each depth of the PDC drill bit during drilling can be accurately obtained through the above formula (2), and further, the next determination is made for each depth section, and in an alternative embodiment, before the mechanical specific energy calculation is performed, or before the mechanical specific energy deviation of the drill bit is calculated, the method includes: and (3) determining and matching analysis section ranges and records according to the time required by calculating unit mechanical specific energy, geological characteristics, well type and construction working depth in advance, and directly calling to realize division according to construction requirements in the step of preliminary analysis of abrasion.
When it is monitored that the mechanical specific energy of a certain layer section is suddenly increased, the mechanical drilling efficiency corresponding to the drill bit is reduced, the PDC drill bit may wear, but when a researcher considers that sudden abnormal geological conditions are met, even if the drill bit is not obviously worn, the situation that the mechanical specific energy of the drilling process is suddenly increased occurs in a short period of time is considered, in order to avoid the situation that the situation is regarded as a wear occurrence section, unnecessary calculation is performed, in a wear quantitative analysis step, for an analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the set conditions, the mechanical specific energy stability degree of the front and rear adjacent sections is further analyzed, if the stability degree difference value between the section and the front and rear sections is within the set range, the section is regarded as the section meeting the wear conditions, the calculation of the subsequent wear state data is continued, otherwise, it is determined that the current mechanical specific energy change is caused by the drilling abnormal geological conditions, and the situation of sudden drilling abnormal geological conditions can be effectively eliminated.
When the degree of deviation of the mechanical specific energy exceeds the set value, it is indicated that the drilling efficiency is low, not necessarily the drill bit is worn, but also the conditions such as sudden change of stratum conditions, vibration of a drilling tool, etc., and how to quantitatively judge the wear degree of the PDC drill bit needs to be quantitatively calculated further based on the rock breaking mechanism of the PDC drill bit, so further, in an embodiment, in the step of quantitative analysis of wear, the wear state data of the worn drill bit is quantitatively calculated according to the following wear physical prediction model:
wherein ω is the dimensionless wear rate of the PDC bit; kN; a is that f Is used as the grinding index of rock, mg/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the positive pressure of the cutting teeth and kN; v is cutting speed, m/s; h is the dimensionless wear height of the cutting teeth; k is related to formation conditions, state of the cutting teeth, a, b, d are related to back rake angle and exposure height of the cutting teeth, and can be obtained by multiple linear regression after measuring a large amount of data in a laboratory, and generally k is 1×10 -5 To 3 x 10 -5 Between a and b, a is between 1.2 and 2.4, b is between 1.2 and 1.4, and d is between 1.5 and 1.9.
According to the method, before the quantitative calculation of the wear state is carried out, the depth interval in which the mechanical specific energy deviation meets the set requirement is identified, the quantitative calculation of the further wear state is carried out in a targeted manner, and as the PDC drill bit wear prediction calculation model has more unknown parameters and complex parameter fitting, the calculation is carried out only in the stratum depth in which the mechanical specific energy deviation meets the wear condition in the application process, and the fitting is not needed in the whole well section, so that the calculation amount of a processor is reduced to a considerable extent, and the calculation efficiency is improved on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring result.
After the wear state data of the drill bit are obtained through calculation, if the calculated wear rate of the PDC drill bit is larger than a specific threshold value, the wear degree of the drill bit is increased, and stopping drilling is recommended, and the drill bit is started to be replaced; if the calculated PDC bit wear rate is less than a specified threshold, the bit wears slightly, but the degree of wear is acceptable, suggesting that drilling continue after adjustment of the construction parameters while monitoring changes in mechanical specific energy.
Therefore, in one embodiment, in the well drilling optimization step, for a depth section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the abrasion condition, if the abrasion state data of the depth section does not reach the set threshold value, the depth section is determined to be slightly abraded, and the original drill bit is adopted to continue drilling after the construction parameters are adjusted aiming at guaranteeing the drilling effect; and if the abrasion state data is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, determining that the drill bit is worn for a certain time, and continuing drilling based on the matched construction parameters after replacing the drill bit.
In practical application, in order to ensure stable drilling progress, after partial abrasion of the drill bit is determined, drilling parameters can be adjusted according to construction requirements. After construction is continued for a period of time, the abrasion degree of the drill bit can be monitored to reach the set severity degree, and at the moment, after the drill bit is started and replaced, the construction drilling parameters can be adjusted to reasonable values according to construction requirements, so that the abrasion speed of the drill bit can be controlled under the condition that the drilling effect is optimal.
For example, different series of construction parameters corresponding to unworn and partial wear situations of the drill bit can be preset according to the well type and geological characteristic data of the current well, and the construction parameters are called and used when required, so that when the drill bit is partially worn, the stability of drilling construction is maintained, the drilling efficiency is ensured, and the wear speed of the drill bit is controlled to be the lowest.
Implementation case:
taking the northwest region 4-8 well 2000-2500 m interval as an example, the wear state monitoring in the working of the PDC drill bit is realized according to the following operation:
scenario case 1:
collecting related parameters of the PDC drill bit and the screw drilling tool; logging data are collected, and data such as compression strength, weight on bit, rotating speed, torque, hydraulic parameters and the like of the rock at the interval of 2000-2500 m are obtained.
The mechanical specific energy baseline is calculated and can be approximately equal to the compressive strength of the rock from the basic theory of rock mechanics.
And (3) obtaining the mechanical specific energy of the PDC drill bit during drilling by utilizing the formula (2), drawing a curve of the mechanical specific energy along with the depth in a rectangular coordinate system, wherein the X axis is the mechanical specific energy, and the Y axis is the depth.
Monitoring the change of the mechanical specific energy, calculating the deviation of the mechanical specific energy by using the formula (3), and if the deviation of the mechanical specific energy is less than 10% of the threshold value, indicating that the mechanical specific energy is stable.
In this case, the deviation of the mechanical specific energy is 3.6%, which is relatively stable, as shown in fig. 3. And judging that the drill bit is not worn, and suggesting to continue drilling.
Scenario case 2:
collecting related parameters of the PDC drill bit and the screw drilling tool; logging data are collected, and data such as compression strength, weight on bit, rotating speed, torque, hydraulic parameters and the like of the rock at the interval of 2000-2500 m are obtained.
The mechanical specific energy baseline is calculated and can be approximately equal to the compressive strength of the rock from the basic theory of rock mechanics.
And (3) obtaining the mechanical specific energy of the PDC drill bit during drilling by utilizing the formula (2), drawing a curve of the mechanical specific energy along with the depth in a rectangular coordinate system, wherein the X axis is the mechanical specific energy, and the Y axis is the depth.
The change in mechanical specific energy is monitored, and the deviation of mechanical specific energy is calculated by using the formula (3), wherein the deviation of mechanical specific energy is 54 percent, is larger than the threshold value by 10 percent, and the deviation is larger, so that drill bit abrasion can occur.
The non-dimensional wear rate of the 2250-2350 m interval PDC drill bit is calculated to be 0.0024 by using a formula (4), and the calculated value is smaller than a threshold value of 0.005, as shown in fig. 4. The drill bit is slightly worn according to the method, but the degree of wear is light, and drilling can be continued.
Scenario case 3:
collecting related parameters of the PDC drill bit and the screw drilling tool; logging data are collected, and data such as compression strength, weight on bit, rotating speed, torque, hydraulic parameters and the like of the rock at the interval of 2000-2500 m are obtained.
The mechanical specific energy baseline is calculated and can be approximately equal to the compressive strength of the rock from the basic theory of rock mechanics.
And (3) obtaining the mechanical specific energy of the PDC drill bit during drilling by utilizing the formula (2), drawing a curve of the mechanical specific energy along with the depth in a rectangular coordinate system, wherein the X axis is the mechanical specific energy, and the Y axis is the depth.
The change in mechanical specific energy is monitored, and the deviation of mechanical specific energy is calculated by using the formula (3), wherein the deviation of mechanical specific energy is 72% in the case, the deviation is greater than 10% of the threshold value, and drill bit abrasion is likely to occur.
The non-dimensional wear rate of the 2250-2350 m interval PDC bit is calculated to be 0.0065 by using the formula (4), and the calculated value is larger than the threshold value of 0.005, as shown in FIG. 5. And judging that the drill bit is severely worn, and suggesting to stop drilling, start drilling and replace the drill bit.
Aiming at the problems of strong subjectivity, difficult quantification, poor adaptability and the like of the traditional PDC drill bit abrasion prediction method, the embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic monitoring method while drilling for the PDC drill bit abrasion state. The method designs an optimized mechanical specific energy algorithm, is convenient for quickly and quantitatively judging whether the drill bit at a certain layer section is worn, and also integrates the characteristic of easy quantification of a PDC drill bit wear physical model, and quantitatively calculates the wear degree of the PDC drill bit at a specific layer section. The method realizes real-time mastering of the wear degree of the PDC drill bit while drilling, provides basis for on-site engineers to make decisions such as adjusting drilling parameters, pulling out and replacing the drill bit, and can be realized by only utilizing the existing drilling logging parameters and related tool parameters, thereby avoiding installing a large number of sensors on a drilling platform and a downhole tool, reducing the use threshold and having stronger application value;
on the basis of improving applicability and reducing calculation complexity and field application cost, the abrasion prediction of the drill bit is more accurate, the abrasion situation can be accurately mastered, a basis can be provided for making a next decision on a drilling field, and support can be provided for optimizing drilling parameters, guiding drill bit selection, optimizing drill bit design, saving drilling cost and improving economic benefit.
For the foregoing method embodiments, for simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown as a series of acts, but one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may, in accordance with the present invention, occur in other orders or concurrently. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required for the present invention.
It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the method may also be used to obtain a new dynamic monitoring while drilling method for the wear state of the PDC bit by combining one or more of the above embodiments, so as to realize the optimal control of the operation parameters of the modern drilling tool.
It should be noted that, based on the method in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the present invention further provides a storage medium, where a program code capable of implementing the method in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments is stored, where the code, when executed by an operating system, is capable of implementing the method for dynamically monitoring the wear state of a PDC bit while drilling as described above.
Example two
The method is described in detail in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, and the method of the present application may be implemented by using various types of devices or systems, so, based on other aspects of the method described in any one or more embodiments, the present application also provides a dynamic monitoring while drilling system for a wear state of a PDC bit, where the dynamic monitoring while drilling method for a wear state of a PDC bit is described in any one or more embodiments. Specific examples are given below for details.
Specifically, fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic monitoring system while drilling for wear state of a PDC drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the system includes:
the mechanical specific energy monitoring module is configured to decide an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC drill bit according to drilling tool combination characteristics and operation intervention factors when the PDC drill bit is applied, and obtain the mechanical specific energy representing the dynamic rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit to be tested at different working depths in real time;
a wear preliminary analysis module configured to divide analysis sections by a set range, calculate, for each analysis section, a corresponding mechanical specific energy deviation in accordance with a set logic based on the obtained mechanical specific energy, and determine a degree of smoothness of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit in the analysis section by comparing with a set deviation standard value;
the wear quantitative analysis module is configured to selectively introduce a wear physical prediction model preset by the PDC drill bit to calculate wear state data of the drill bit when in operation aiming at an analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting a set condition;
a drilling optimization module configured to synthesize a construction adjustment scheme that matches the smoothness of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit with the wear state data decisions.
Further, in one embodiment, the mechanical specific energy monitoring module decides the optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model for the PDC bit by:
based on a basic mechanical specific energy model based on the fusion of drilling data of multiple drilling data of bit weight, rotating speed, torque, bit size, mechanical drilling speed and formation compressive strength, the hardware characteristics of the PDC bit and screw drilling tool while drilling combination are combined, multiple influencing factors of screw drilling speed, screw torque, threshold bit weight and threshold bit weight are further introduced, and a corresponding optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model is constructed.
In an alternative embodiment, the mechanical specific energy monitoring module is configured to: the mechanical specific energy data for each working depth of the drill bit was calculated according to the optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model described below:
wherein E is the mechanical specific energy and Mpa; w is weight on bit, kN; t is ground torque, KN.m; n is the ground rotation speed, rpm; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/h; d, d B The diameter of the drill bit is mm; w (W) bs Is threshold weight on bit, kN; t (T) bs Is threshold torque KN.m; k (K) N The drilling rate and the flow rate are r/L for the screw drilling tool; q is total displacement, L/s; t (T) m The maximum output torque of the screw drilling tool is KN.m; Δp m The maximum pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the screw drilling tool is Mpa; Δp p Is the inlet and outlet pressure and Mpa of the drilling tool combination.
Further, in one embodiment, the system further includes a zone range setting module configured to pre-determine a matching analysis zone range and record based on the time, geological characteristics, well type and construction work depth of the calculated unit mechanical specific energy, so that the wear preliminary analysis module directly calls the analysis zone range according to the construction requirements during the application monitoring process.
In an alternative embodiment, the wear preliminary analysis module calculates the mechanical specific energy deviation of the drill bit by:
where i represents the i-th specific mechanical energy monitoring value in the current analysis section and D represents the total number of specific mechanical energy monitoring values in the analysis section.
Preferably, in one embodiment, the wear quantitative analysis module is specifically configured to: and for the analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the set conditions, further analyzing the mechanical specific energy stability degree of the front and rear adjacent sections, and if the stability degree difference value between the front and rear sections is within the set range, taking the section as the section meeting the wear condition, and continuing to operate the subsequent wear state data so as to eliminate the situation of sudden drilling encountering abnormal geology.
Further, in one embodiment, the wear quantitative analysis module is further configured to: the wear state data of the worn drill bit is quantitatively calculated according to the following wear physical prediction model:
wherein ω is the dimensionless wear rate of the PDC bit; kN; a is that f Is used as the grinding index of rock, mg/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the positive pressure of the cutting teeth and kN; v is cutting speed, m/s; h is the dimensionless wear height of the cutting teeth; a, b, d, k are parameters related to the shape of the cutter and formation properties.
In an alternative embodiment, the well optimization module is configured to: for a depth section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the abrasion condition, if the abrasion state data of the depth section does not reach the set threshold value, the depth section is determined to be slightly abraded, and the original drill bit is adopted to continue drilling after the construction parameters are adjusted with the aim of guaranteeing the drilling effect; and if the abrasion state data is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, determining that the drill bit is worn for a certain time, and continuing drilling based on the matched construction parameters after replacing the drill bit.
In the dynamic monitoring system for the abrasion state of the PDC drill bit while drilling, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, each module or unit structure can independently or in combination operate according to actual judgment requirements and operation requirements so as to realize corresponding technical effects.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the specific structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but are intended to extend to equivalents of these features as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dynamically monitoring wear state of a PDC drill bit while drilling, the method comprising:
a mechanical specific energy monitoring step, namely deciding an optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model corresponding to the PDC drill bit according to drilling tool combination characteristics and operation intervention factors when the PDC drill bit is applied, and obtaining the mechanical specific energy representing the dynamic rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit to be tested at different working depths in real time;
dividing analysis sections according to a set range, calculating corresponding mechanical specific energy deviation degree according to set logic for each analysis section based on the obtained mechanical specific energy, and comparing the calculated mechanical specific energy deviation degree with a set deviation degree standard value to determine the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit in the analysis section;
a step of quantitative abrasion analysis, in which abrasion state data of the PDC drill bit during working is calculated by selectively introducing an abrasion physical prediction model preset by the PDC drill bit aiming at an analysis section with the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting a set condition;
and a drilling optimization step, and a construction adjustment scheme for comprehensively matching the stability degree of the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit with the data decision of the abrasion state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the mechanical specific energy monitoring step, the process of deciding the optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model for the PDC bit comprises:
based on a basic mechanical specific energy model based on the fusion of drilling data of multiple drilling data of bit weight, rotating speed, torque, bit size, mechanical drilling speed and formation compressive strength, the hardware characteristics of the PDC bit and screw drilling tool while drilling combination are combined, multiple influencing factors of screw drilling speed, screw torque, threshold bit weight and threshold bit weight are further introduced, and a corresponding optimized mechanical specific energy calculation model is constructed.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the mechanical specific energy monitoring step, mechanical specific energy data for each working depth of the drill bit is calculated in accordance with an optimised mechanical specific energy calculation model of the formula:
wherein E is the mechanical specific energy and Mpa; w is weight on bit, kN; t is ground torque, KN.m; n is the ground rotation speed, rpm; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/h; d, d B The diameter of the drill bit is mm; w (W) bs Is threshold weight on bit, kN; t (T) bs Is threshold torque KN.m; k (K) N The drilling rate and the flow rate are r/L for the screw drilling tool; q is total displacement, L/s; t (T) m The maximum output torque of the screw drilling tool is KN.m; Δp m The maximum pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the screw drilling tool is Mpa; Δp p Is the inlet and outlet pressure and Mpa of the drilling tool combination.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitioning is effected in advance according to time of calculating unit mechanical specific energy, geologic properties, well type and construction work depth decision matching analysis section range and record, directly according to construction requirements in the wear preliminary analysis step.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the preliminary wear analysis step, the degree of deviation in the mechanical specific energy of the drill bit is calculated by:
where i represents the i-th specific mechanical energy monitoring value in the current analysis section and D represents the total number of specific mechanical energy monitoring values in the analysis section.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the quantitative wear analysis step, for the analysis section having the mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting the set condition, the mechanical specific energy stability degree of the adjacent sections before and after the analysis section is further analyzed, if the difference between the mechanical specific energy stability degree of the adjacent sections and the stability degree of the adjacent sections before and/or after the analysis section is within the set range, the section is used as the section meeting the wear condition, and the operation of the subsequent wear state data is continued to exclude the situation that the sudden drilling encounters abnormal geology.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the wear quantitative analysis step, wear state data of the worn drill bit is quantitatively calculated according to the following wear physical prediction model:
wherein ω is the dimensionless wear rate of the PDC bit; kN; a is that f Is used as the grinding index of rock, mg/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the positive pressure of the cutting teeth and kN; v is cutting speed, m/s; h is the dimensionless abrasion of the cutting teethHeight of the steel plate; a, b, d, k are parameters related to the shape of the cutter and formation properties.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the well drilling optimizing step, for a depth section with mechanical specific energy stability degree meeting wear conditions, if the wear state data of the depth section does not reach a set threshold value, the depth section is determined to be slightly worn, and the original drill bit is adopted to continue drilling after the construction parameters are adjusted to ensure the drilling effect; and if the abrasion state data is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, determining that the drill bit is worn for a certain time, and continuing drilling based on the matched construction parameters after replacing the drill bit.
9. A storage medium having stored thereon program code for implementing the method of any of claims 1-8.
10. A dynamic monitoring system while drilling of the wear state of a PDC bit, characterized in that the system performs the method of any of claims 1-8.
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