CN116476384B - Compact 3D printer applying FDM technology - Google Patents
Compact 3D printer applying FDM technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN116476384B CN116476384B CN202310642774.3A CN202310642774A CN116476384B CN 116476384 B CN116476384 B CN 116476384B CN 202310642774 A CN202310642774 A CN 202310642774A CN 116476384 B CN116476384 B CN 116476384B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003709 image segmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010405 clearance mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/35—Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A compact 3D printer applying FDM technology belongs to the technical field of 3D printers, and aims to solve the problem that the existing compact 3D printer has yarn leakage, and the manual participation operation is complicated when the printer is stopped in the middle; according to the invention, the interior of the nozzle is dredged from the lower Fang Shenru of the nozzle through the dredging rod, in the process of downwards moving the dredging rod, residual materials on the surface are scraped off under the action that the fan-shaped plate is close to the edge of the preset hole, the second guide groove corresponds to the guide shaft along with the retraction of the miniature telescopic cylinder, so that the fan-shaped plate is unfolded, in the process, the third tooth groove on the outer wall of the dredging rod drives the third straight gear to rotate clockwise, the negative pressure suction cover moves to the position right below the bottom of the shell, the materials in the external negative pressure pump nozzle are started to melt and then are sucked to downwards flow into the negative pressure suction cover, the outer edge of the nozzle is cleaned by the rotating steel wire brush, the automatic detection and cleaning of the silk leakage phenomenon are realized, the operation is simple and the printing quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, in particular to a compact 3D printer applying FDM technology.
Background
Compact 3D printers typically use FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology and have the advantages of being small and portable, fast, and easy to use. They are generally suitable for home or personal use and can be used to make simple everyday items such as cutlery, key chains, lights, etc., while compact 3D printers may not be as large as other larger 3D printers in building complex structures, they are still a useful tool, especially for beginners or users with small printing needs.
The 3D printer of FDM technique generally uses molten material such as plastics as raw and other materials, stacks it layer by layer through the extrusion head and forms the object, and current compact 3D printer extrudes head spun molten material discontinuity in the printing process, appears intermittent type nature defect, leads to printing effect inequality, appears leaking the silk phenomenon, can finally cause printing effect poor even print the phenomenon of failure, and the shutdown clearance needs artifical participation operation more loaded down with trivial details in the midway.
To solve the above problems. To this end, a compact 3D printer applying FDM technology is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compact 3D printer applying FDM technology, which solves the problems that in the background technology, the existing compact 3D printer has discontinuous molten materials sprayed out by an extrusion head in the printing process, intermittent defects occur, the printing effect is not ideal, the phenomenon of silk leakage occurs, and manual participation is required for cleaning in the midway shutdown, so that the operation is complicated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an use compact 3D printer of FDM technique, includes quick-witted case and printing platform and the print head subassembly of setting in movable machine incasement portion, still includes the silk leakage judgement system, printing platform's top is provided with cleaning device, and cleaning device is used for the nozzle of installing below the print head subassembly to clear up, installs pressure sensor and high-speed camera on the print head subassembly, and pressure sensor installs and judges whether silk leakage phenomenon appears through detecting the extrusion pressure of melting material in extrusion head department, and high-speed camera installs in one side of the below of print head subassembly;
the cleaning device comprises a shell arranged at the corner above the printing platform, an outer cleaning mechanism is arranged in the shell and used for cleaning the outer side surface of the nozzle, the cleaning device further comprises an inner cleaning mechanism and a negative pressure suction cover, the inner cleaning mechanism is used for dredging blocked materials in the nozzle, and the negative pressure suction cover is arranged below the shell in a sliding manner and used for sucking the blocked materials in the nozzle;
the interior clearance mechanism includes the miniature telescopic cylinder of fixed mounting in print platform below, and miniature telescopic cylinder's output fixedly connected with mount, the top one end fixedly connected with mediation pole of mount, mediation pole are used for following supreme inserting the nozzle in to dredge.
Further, elevating mechanisms are installed on two sides of the interior of the chassis, the elevating mechanisms are used for driving the printing platform to move up and down, longitudinal moving mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the interior of the chassis and used for driving the printing head assembly to move back and forth, and transverse moving mechanisms are arranged between the two groups of longitudinal moving mechanisms and used for driving the printing head assembly to move left and right.
Further, the top of the shell is radially provided with a sliding groove and a movable groove, a movable inner cavity is arranged in the shell, and a downward through opening is formed in the bottom of the shell.
Further, the outer cleaning mechanism comprises a rotating seat which is rotatably arranged in the movable inner cavity, a motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the shell, a first gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, and a first tooth slot meshed with the first gear is formed in the outer edge of the rotating seat.
Further, outer clearance mechanism still includes radial distribution in the rotation seat spacing groove, and sliding connection has the gag lever post in the spacing groove, fixedly connected with compression spring between the one end of gag lever post and the spacing groove inner wall, compression spring's the other end is connected with the steel brush through the rotating stand rotation.
Further, the cleaning device further comprises a scraping mechanism, the scraping mechanism comprises a rotating ring which is rotationally connected inside the shell, the rotating ring is located at the outer edge of the rotating seat and is not in contact with the rotating ring, a second tooth groove is formed in the outer edge of the rotating ring, guide plates are radially distributed at the top of the rotating ring and are obliquely arranged, a sliding plate and a sector plate are slidably connected in the sliding groove and the movable groove, and the sliding plate and the sector plate are fixedly connected.
Further, the guide plate is provided with an inclined groove, a sliding rod is connected in the groove in a sliding way, the sliding rod penetrates through the sliding groove upwards and is connected with the sliding plate in a rotating way, and preset holes corresponding to the diameters of the dredging rods are formed between the radially distributed fan-shaped plates.
Further, the inner cleaning mechanism further comprises a guide rod fixedly connected to the other end of the fixing frame, a first guide groove and a second guide groove are respectively formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the guide rod, a second spur gear is connected to the inner portion of the shell in a rotating mode, the second spur gear is connected with the second tooth groove in a meshed mode, a guide shaft is arranged in the middle of the second spur gear, and the guide shaft corresponds to the first guide groove and the second guide groove.
Further, one side of mediation pole is provided with the third tooth's socket, interior clearance mechanism still includes the third spur gear of rotating connection in the middle of print platform, third spur gear is corresponding with the third tooth's socket, print platform's inside transverse sliding connection has the rack, the rack is connected with the meshing of third spur gear, wherein the rack is perpendicular to dredge the pole and distributes, the top of rack is connected with the negative pressure suction hood through the mount pad, the bottom of shell is provided with the guide bar that is used for negative pressure suction hood transverse sliding, negative pressure pipe is installed to one side of negative pressure suction hood, the negative pressure pump is installed to the negative pressure pipe other end.
Further, the silk leakage judging system comprises a data acquisition module, a motion estimation module, an image alignment module, an image segmentation module, a characteristic extraction module and a silk leakage judging module;
the data acquisition module continuously acquires image data in the 3D printing process through the high-speed camera, and the sampling speed is hundreds of frames per second;
the motion estimation module calculates the motion direction and speed of the object by comparing the difference between two adjacent frames of images;
the image alignment module aligns the images to enable the positions of the images to coincide so as to accurately judge the yarn leakage and avoid the influence on the accuracy of motion estimation due to deviation of the positions of two adjacent frames of images caused by the movement of a printer or other reasons;
the image segmentation module segments the image in the 3D printing process, so that the edge and the difference between the object and the background can be better identified, and each region is detected and analyzed;
the feature extraction module extracts key features, such as lines, contours, corner points and the like, from each image by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and can more accurately judge whether the silk leakage problem exists in the 3D printing process through the features;
according to the previous steps, the data processing algorithm can obtain key data in the 3D printing process, so that the accuracy of identifying the missing wire in the 3D printing process can be improved, and if a certain part of the adjacent two-frame images has a pixel value lower than a threshold value or the number of pixels is smaller than a preset value, the part is indicated to have a loophole, namely the missing wire occurs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the compact 3D printer applying the FDM technology, the inside of the nozzle is dredged from the lower Fang Shenru of the nozzle through the dredging rod, then the miniature telescopic cylinder is retracted, in the process of downwards moving the dredging rod, residual materials on the surface of the dredging rod are scraped off under the action that the fan-shaped plate is close to the edge of the preset hole, the second guide groove corresponds to the guide shaft along with the retraction of the miniature telescopic cylinder, the second spur gear is driven to rotate anticlockwise, finally the fan-shaped plate is unfolded, in the process, the third tooth groove on the outer wall of the dredging rod drives the third spur gear to rotate clockwise, the rack and the negative pressure suction cover are driven to move to the right side, the negative pressure suction cover moves to the right side below the bottom of the shell, the negative pressure suction cover can generate negative pressure by starting the external negative pressure pump, the materials in the nozzle are sucked downwards into the negative pressure suction cover after being melted, the rotating steel wire brush cleans the outer edge of the nozzle, the wire leakage phenomenon is detected and cleaned, the operation is simple and the printing quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the printhead assembly, pressure sensor, and high speed camera configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural exploded view of the cleaning device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the outer cleaning mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the scraping mechanism, the internal cleaning mechanism and the negative pressure suction hood of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a scraping mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a structural exploded view of the internal cleaning mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a exploded view of the negative pressure suction hood structure of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a wire leakage judging system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a chassis; 2. a printing platform; 3. a lifting mechanism; 4. a longitudinal movement mechanism; 5. a lateral movement mechanism; 6. a printhead assembly; 61. a pressure sensor; 7. a cleaning device; 71. a housing; 711. a chute; 712. a movable groove; 713. a movable inner cavity; 72. an outer cleaning mechanism; 721. a motor; 722. a first gear; 723. a rotating seat; 724. a first tooth slot; 725. a limit groove; 726. a limit rod; 727. a compression spring; 728. a rotating frame; 729. a wire brush; 73. a scraping mechanism; 731. a rotating ring; 732. a second tooth slot; 733. a guide plate; 734. a slide bar; 735. a sliding plate; 736. a sector plate; 737. presetting a hole; 74. an inner cleaning mechanism; 741. a miniature telescopic cylinder; 742. a fixing frame; 743. a guide rod; 7431. a first guide groove; 7432. a second guide groove; 744. a second spur gear; 7441. a guide shaft; 745. a dredging rod; 7451. a third tooth slot; 746. a rack; 747. a third spur gear; 75. a negative pressure suction hood; 751. a guide bar; 752. a mounting base; 753. a negative pressure pipe; 8. a wire leakage judging system; 81. a data acquisition module; 82. a motion estimation module; 83. an image alignment module; 84. an image segmentation module; 85. a feature extraction module; 86. a yarn leakage judging module; 9. a high speed camera.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the technical problems that the existing compact 3D printer has discontinuous molten materials sprayed out of an extrusion head in the printing process, intermittent defects occur, the printing effect is not ideal, silk leakage occurs, manual participation operation is complicated during shutdown cleaning, and the following preferable technical scheme is provided as shown in fig. 1-12:
the compact 3D printer applying the FDM technology comprises a machine case 1, a printing platform 2 and a printing head assembly 6 which are arranged in the movable machine case 1, and further comprises a silk leakage judging system 8, wherein a cleaning device 7 is arranged above the printing platform 2, the cleaning device 7 is used for cleaning nozzles arranged below the printing head assembly 6, a pressure sensor 61 and a high-speed camera 9 are arranged on the printing head assembly 6, the pressure sensor 61 is arranged at the extrusion head to judge whether silk leakage occurs or not by detecting the extrusion pressure of molten materials, the high-speed camera 9 is arranged on one side below the printing head assembly 6, the high-speed camera 9 is used for taking each photo between different layers, then integrating the photos into a video for displaying, and timely identifying and positioning whether silk leakage occurs in the printing process by analyzing;
the cleaning device 7 comprises a shell 71 arranged at the corner above the printing platform 2, an outer cleaning mechanism 72 is arranged in the shell 71, the outer cleaning mechanism 72 is used for cleaning the outer side surface of the nozzle, the cleaning device 7 further comprises an inner cleaning mechanism 74 and a negative pressure suction cover 75, the inner cleaning mechanism 74 is used for dredging blocked materials in the nozzle, and the negative pressure suction cover 75 is arranged below the shell 71 in a sliding manner and is used for sucking the blocked materials in the nozzle;
the inner cleaning mechanism 74 comprises a micro telescopic cylinder 741 fixedly mounted below the printing platform 2, the output end of the micro telescopic cylinder 741 is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 742, one end of the top of the fixing frame 742 is fixedly connected with a dredging rod 745, and the dredging rod 745 is used for being inserted into the nozzle from bottom to top for dredging.
Lifting mechanisms 3 are arranged on two sides of the interior of the machine case 1, the lifting mechanisms 3 are used for driving the printing platform 2 to move up and down, longitudinal moving mechanisms 4 are arranged on two sides of the interior of the machine case 1, the longitudinal moving mechanisms 4 are used for driving the printing head assembly 6 to move back and forth, transverse moving mechanisms 5 are arranged between the two groups of longitudinal moving mechanisms 4 in the interior of the machine case 1, and the transverse moving mechanisms 5 are used for driving the printing head assembly 6 to move left and right.
The top of the shell 71 is radially provided with a sliding groove 711 and a movable groove 712, a movable inner cavity 713 is arranged in the shell 71, and the bottom of the shell 71 is provided with a downward through opening.
The outer cleaning mechanism 72 comprises a rotating seat 723 rotatably arranged in a movable inner cavity 713, a motor 721 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 71, a first gear 722 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 721, a first tooth slot 724 meshed with the first gear 722 is arranged on the outer edge of the rotating seat 723, and the motor 721 can drive the rotating seat 723 to rotate in the housing 71 through the meshing of the first gear 722 and the first tooth slot 724 by starting the motor 721.
The outer cleaning mechanism 72 further comprises limit grooves 725 radially distributed in the rotating seat 723, limit rods 726 are slidably connected in the limit grooves 725, compression springs 727 are fixedly connected between one ends of the limit rods 726 and the inner walls of the limit grooves 725, steel wire brushes 729 are rotatably connected to the other ends of the compression springs 727 through rotating racks 728, acting force approaching to the inner side is generated between the radially distributed steel wire brushes 729 under the action of the compression springs 727, when the rotating seat 723 rotates, the nozzles are attached to the steel wire brushes 729, and the outer side faces of the nozzles can be cleaned through rotation of the steel wire brushes 729.
The cleaning device 7 further includes a scraping mechanism 73, the scraping mechanism 73 includes a rotating ring 731 rotatably connected inside the casing 71, the rotating ring 731 is located at an outer edge of the rotating seat 723 and is not in contact with the rotating ring 731, a second tooth slot 732 is disposed at an outer edge of the rotating ring 731, a guide plate 733 is radially disposed at a top of the rotating ring 731, the guide plate 733 is obliquely disposed, and a sliding plate 735 and a fan plate 736 are slidably connected in the sliding groove 711 and the movable groove 712, wherein the sliding plate 735 and the fan plate 736 are fixedly connected.
The guide plate 733 is provided with an oblique groove, a sliding rod 734 is connected in the groove in a sliding manner, the sliding rod 734 upwards penetrates through the sliding groove 711 and is rotationally connected with the sliding plate 735, a preset hole 737 corresponding to the diameter of the dredging rod 745 is formed between the radially distributed fan-shaped plates 736, and under the action of the guide plate 733 and the sliding rod 734, the sliding plate 735 and the fan-shaped plates 736 can slide radially in the sliding groove 711 and the movable groove 712 through the rotation of the rotating ring 731, so that when the plurality of groups of fan-shaped plates 736 are close to each other, the dredging rod 745 passes through the preset hole 737, and residual materials can be left on the fan-shaped plates 736 when the dredging nozzle is dredged.
The inner cleaning mechanism 74 further includes a guiding rod 743 fixedly connected to the other end of the fixing frame 742, a first guiding slot 7431 and a second guiding slot 7432 are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the guiding rod 743, a second spur gear 744 is rotatably connected to the inside of the housing 71, the second spur gear 744 is meshed with the second tooth slot 732, a guiding shaft 7441 is disposed in the middle of the second spur gear 744, and the guiding shaft 7441 corresponds to the first guiding slot 7431 and the second guiding slot 7432.
The one side of the dredging rod 745 is provided with a third tooth socket 7451, the inner cleaning mechanism 74 further comprises a third straight gear 747 which is rotatably connected in the middle of the printing platform 2, the third straight gear 747 corresponds to the third tooth socket 7451, a rack 746 is transversely and slidably connected in the printing platform 2, the rack 746 is meshed with the third straight gear 747 and is connected, the rack 746 and the dredging rod 745 are vertically distributed, the top of the rack 746 is connected with the negative pressure suction hood 75 through a mounting seat 752, a guide bar 751 for the negative pressure suction hood 75 to transversely slide is arranged at the bottom of the outer shell 71, a negative pressure pipe 753 is arranged at one side of the negative pressure suction hood 75, and a negative pressure pump is arranged at the other end of the negative pressure pipe 753.
The wire leakage judging system 8 comprises a data acquisition module 81, a motion estimation module 82, an image alignment module 83, an image segmentation module 84, a feature extraction module 85 and a wire leakage judging module 86;
the data acquisition module 81 continuously acquires image data during 3D printing by the high-speed camera 9, typically at a sampling rate of hundreds of frames per second;
the motion estimation module 82 calculates the motion direction and speed of the object by comparing the differences between the two adjacent frames of images;
the image alignment module 83 aligns the images to enable the positions of the images to coincide so as to more accurately judge the yarn leakage, and avoid the influence on the accuracy of motion estimation due to deviation of the positions of two adjacent frames of images caused by the movement of a printer or other reasons;
the image segmentation module 84 segments the image during 3D printing, facilitates better identification of edges and differences between the object and the background, and detects and analyzes each region;
the feature extraction module 85 extracts key features, such as lines, contours, corner points and the like, from each image by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and can more accurately judge whether the silk leakage problem exists in the 3D printing process through the features;
according to the previous steps, the silk leakage judging module 86 can obtain key data in the 3D printing process by using a data processing algorithm, so that the accuracy of identifying silk leakage in the 3D printing process can be improved, and if a pixel value of a certain part in two adjacent frames of images is lower than a threshold value or the number of pixels is smaller than a preset value, the part is indicated to have a loophole, and the silk leakage occurs.
The Canny edge detection algorithm realizes characteristic extraction by the following specific steps:
step one: graying the image: converting the color image into a gray image to reduce data complexity and calculation time, wherein the color image is realized through a simple average value formula, namely a new gray image= (R+G+B)/3;
step two: smoothing filter: a smoothing filter is applied to the gray image to remove noise and detail and make the result smoother, and a gaussian filter or a median filter or the like is generally used as the filter;
step three: calculating gradient values and directions: carrying out gradient calculation on the smoothed gray level image to identify edges in the image, and solving by using a Sobel operator, wherein the gradient at each pixel point can be calculated, and the gradient strength and the gradient direction are used for determining the position and the orientation of the edges;
step four: non-maximum suppression: in order to reduce errors and improve the accuracy of edge detection, the calculated gradient values need to be smoothed, unnecessary edge points can be removed by non-maximum suppression, and local maximum values in the gradient direction are reserved;
step five: double thresholding: by setting two thresholds (one high and one low), edges in the image can be separated into strong and weak edges, all pixels above the high threshold being considered strong edge pixels and all pixels below the low threshold being considered weak edges, pixels between the two thresholds being marked as edges to be further judged;
step six: connection edge: the segmented weak edge pixels are connected to form a continuous contour line. I.e. when there is at least one strong edge pixel around a pixel, it can be added as an edge pixel to the strong edge set, and then, by means of sampling or the like, a plurality of interconnected contour lines can be obtained.
Specifically, when the phenomenon of yarn leakage at the nozzle is determined by the pressure sensor 61, the high-speed camera 9 and the yarn leakage determination system 8, the nozzle below the printing head assembly 6 corresponds to the cleaning device 7 through the cooperation of the lifting mechanism 3, the longitudinal moving mechanism 4 and the transverse moving mechanism 5, the temperature of the printing head assembly 6 is controlled to rise, the lifting mechanism 3 enables the printing platform 2 and the cleaning device 7 to move upwards, the dredging rod 745 dredges the inside of the nozzle from the position below the nozzle Fang Shenru, the sector plate 736 is in a closed state at the moment, then the micro telescopic cylinder 741 is retracted, in the process of downwards moving the dredging rod 745, the residual materials on the surface of the dredging rod 745 scrape the materials under the action of the action that the sector plate 736 approaches to the edge of the preset hole 737, the second guide groove 7432 is in a corresponding state with the guide shaft 7441 at the moment, the guide rod 743 does not drive the second straight gear 744 to rotate, with the retraction of the micro telescopic cylinder 741, the second guide groove 7432 corresponds to the guide shaft 7441, the second straight gear 744 is driven to rotate anticlockwise, the second straight gear 744 drives the rotating ring 731 to rotate clockwise, under the action of the guide plate 733, the fan-shaped plate 736 is finally unfolded, in the process, the third tooth groove 7451 on the outer wall of the dredging rod 745 drives the third straight gear 747 to rotate clockwise, the rack 746 and the negative pressure suction hood 75 are driven to move to the right side, the negative pressure suction hood 75 moves to the right below the bottom of the casing 71, the negative pressure suction hood 75 can generate negative pressure by starting the external negative pressure pump, then the lifting mechanism 3 enables the printing platform 2 to move upwards continuously, the outer edge of the nozzle is contacted with the steel wire brush 729, the rotating seat 723 rotates under the action of the motor 721, the rotating steel wire brush 729 cleans the outer edge of the nozzle, when the negative pressure suction hood 75 is in negative pressure due to the hole arranged at the bottom of the casing 71, after the material in the nozzle is melted, the material is sucked and flows downwards into the negative pressure suction cover 75, and after the pressure sensor 61 detects that the pressure is stable, the phenomenon of wire leakage is solved.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an use compact 3D printer of FDM technique, includes quick-witted case (1) and printing platform (2) and print head subassembly (6) of setting in movable machine case (1) inside, still includes hourglass silk decision system (8), its characterized in that: the device is characterized in that a cleaning device (7) is arranged above the printing platform (2), the cleaning device (7) is used for cleaning nozzles arranged below the printing head assembly (6), a pressure sensor (61) and a high-speed camera (9) are arranged on the printing head assembly (6), the pressure sensor (61) is arranged at the extrusion head to judge whether a yarn leakage phenomenon occurs or not by detecting the extrusion pressure of molten materials, and the high-speed camera (9) is arranged on one side below the printing head assembly (6);
the cleaning device (7) comprises a shell (71) arranged at the corner above the printing platform (2), an outer cleaning mechanism (72) is arranged in the shell (71), the outer cleaning mechanism (72) is used for cleaning the outer side surface of the nozzle, the cleaning device (7) further comprises an inner cleaning mechanism (74) and a negative pressure suction hood (75), the inner cleaning mechanism (74) is used for dredging blocked materials in the nozzle, and the negative pressure suction hood (75) is arranged below the shell (71) in a sliding manner and is used for sucking the blocked materials in the nozzle;
the inner cleaning mechanism (74) comprises a miniature telescopic cylinder (741) fixedly arranged below the printing platform (2), the output end of the miniature telescopic cylinder (741) is fixedly connected with a fixing frame (742), one end of the top of the fixing frame (742) is fixedly connected with a dredging rod (745), and the dredging rod (745) is used for being inserted into the nozzle from bottom to top for dredging;
a sliding groove (711) and a movable groove (712) are radially distributed at the top of the shell (71), a movable inner cavity (713) is arranged in the shell (71), and a downward through opening is arranged at the bottom of the shell (71);
the cleaning device (7) further comprises a scraping mechanism (73), the scraping mechanism (73) comprises a rotating ring (731) which is rotatably connected inside the shell (71), the rotating ring (731) is positioned at the outer edge of the rotating seat (723) and is not contacted with the rotating seat, a second tooth slot (732) is formed in the outer edge of the rotating ring (731), guide plates (733) are radially distributed at the top of the rotating ring (731), the guide plates (733) are obliquely arranged, a sliding plate (735) and a sector plate (736) are slidably connected in the sliding groove (711) and the movable groove (712), and the sliding plate (735) and the sector plate (736) are fixedly connected; an inclined groove is formed in the guide plate (733), a sliding rod (734) is connected in the groove in a sliding manner, the sliding rod (734) upwards penetrates through the sliding groove (711) and is rotationally connected with the sliding plate (735), and a preset hole (737) corresponding to the diameter of the dredging rod (745) is formed between the radially distributed fan-shaped plates (736);
the inner cleaning mechanism (74) further comprises a guide rod (743) fixedly connected to the other end of the fixing frame (742), a first guide groove (7431) and a second guide groove (7432) are respectively arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the guide rod (743), a second straight gear (744) is rotatably connected inside the outer shell (71), the second straight gear (744) is meshed with the second tooth groove (732), a guide shaft (7441) is arranged in the middle of the second straight gear (744), and the guide shaft (7441) corresponds to the first guide groove (7431) and the second guide groove (7432); one side of the dredging rod (745) is provided with a third tooth groove (7451), the inner cleaning mechanism (74) further comprises a third straight gear (747) which is rotationally connected in the middle of the printing platform (2), the third straight gear (747) corresponds to the third tooth groove (7451), a rack (746) is transversely connected to the inside of the printing platform (2) in a sliding mode, the rack (746) is meshed with the third straight gear (747) and is connected, the rack (746) and the dredging rod (745) are vertically distributed, the top of the rack (746) is connected with a negative pressure suction cover (75) through an installation seat (752), a guide bar (751) which is used for the negative pressure suction cover (75) to transversely slide is arranged at the bottom of the outer shell (71), a negative pressure pipe (753) is installed at one side of the negative pressure suction cover (75), and a negative pressure pump is installed at the other end of the negative pressure pipe (753).
2. A compact 3D printer employing FDM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: lifting mechanisms (3) are arranged on two sides of the interior of the chassis (1), the lifting mechanisms (3) are used for driving the printing platform (2) to move up and down, longitudinal moving mechanisms (4) are arranged on two sides of the interior of the chassis (1), the longitudinal moving mechanisms (4) are used for driving the printing head assembly (6) to move back and forth, transverse moving mechanisms (5) are arranged between the two groups of longitudinal moving mechanisms (4) in the interior of the chassis (1), and the transverse moving mechanisms (5) are used for driving the printing head assembly (6) to move left and right.
3. A compact 3D printer employing FDM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer cleaning mechanism (72) comprises a rotating seat (723) which is rotatably arranged in a movable inner cavity (713), a motor (721) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell (71), a first gear (722) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (721), and a first tooth slot (724) meshed with the first gear (722) is arranged on the outer edge of the rotating seat (723).
4. A compact 3D printer employing FDM technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the outer cleaning mechanism (72) further comprises limiting grooves (725) which are radially distributed in the rotating seat (723), limiting rods (726) are connected in the limiting grooves (725) in a sliding mode, compression springs (727) are fixedly connected between one ends of the limiting rods (726) and the inner walls of the limiting grooves (725), and the other ends of the compression springs (727) are rotatably connected with steel wire brushes (729) through rotating frames (728).
5. A compact 3D printer employing FDM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the silk leakage judging system (8) comprises a data acquisition module (81), a motion estimation module (82), an image alignment module (83), an image segmentation module (84), a characteristic extraction module (85) and a silk leakage judging module (86);
the data acquisition module (81) continuously acquires image data in the 3D printing process through the high-speed camera (9), and the sampling speed is hundreds of frames per second;
a motion estimation module (82) calculates the motion direction and speed of the object by comparing the differences between two adjacent frames of images;
the image alignment module (83) aligns the images to enable the positions of the images to coincide so as to accurately judge the yarn leakage and avoid the influence on the accuracy of motion estimation due to the deviation of the positions of two adjacent frames of images caused by the movement of the printer;
an image segmentation module (84) segments the image in the 3D printing process, so that the edges and differences between the object and the background can be better identified, and each region can be detected and analyzed;
the feature extraction module (85) extracts key features from each image by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and can more accurately judge whether the silk leakage problem exists in the 3D printing process through the features;
according to the previous steps, the wire leakage judging module (86) can obtain key data in the 3D printing process by a data processing algorithm, so that the accuracy of identifying the wire leakage in the 3D printing process can be improved.
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