CN116430603A - Optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent beam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent light beams, which comprises a divergent light beam projection unit, a divergent angle vertical constraint device, an optical waveguide structure for guiding incident light to transmit by utilizing reflection of two reflecting surfaces, a converging device and a control unit. Wherein at least one divergent light beam projected by the divergent light beam projection unit is incident on the divergent angle vertical restriction device; in a vertical plane containing the normal line of the reflecting surface of the optical waveguide structure, light rays from the same divergent light beam enter the optical waveguide structure through a divergence angle vertical constraint device only along one direction with a larger divergence angle; and then the light is reflected and propagated through the optical waveguide structure, and the light exits after covering the expanded two-dimensional light distribution area on the reflecting surface of the optical waveguide structure, and is modulated and converged to the corresponding visual area by the converging device. According to the invention, the one-dimensional divergent light beam with a larger divergent angle along one direction is designed, and the projection of the two-dimensional view to the corresponding visual area can be realized without the need of turning and transmitting incident light in the optical waveguide structure.

Description

Optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent beam

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and more specifically relates to an optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams.

Background technique

With the development of display technology, 3D display is receiving more and more attention because of its ability to provide information in the third dimension. Due to the light and thin structure, optical waveguides are increasingly used in 3D displays. The application of optical waveguide in the field of display, one common situation is that the light carrying image information can be transmitted to the eyes of the observer through the optical waveguide, and the other situation is that the optical waveguide provides directional backlight to the display device, so as to follow a specific direction Project display information to the observer's eyes. In these two cases, the emitted light from a point (such as a pixel, a point light source) is converted into a small-sized parallel light, and then transmitted. During the display process, the transmitted small-sized parallel light needs to be transmitted in one direction, and then turned to the second direction for transmission, so as to realize the two-dimensional expansion of the size of the parallel light at the exit pupil of the light wave.

In terms of technical solutions for 3D display, the 3D display systems currently on the market are mainly based on stereoscopic technology. The basic principle of stereoscopic technology is to use binocular parallax to project a corresponding two-dimensional image to the observer's eyes, and trigger the brain's depth perception through the intersection of the binocular vision at the real scene to achieve three-dimensional Visual presentation. In this process, the beams projected by each pixel are divergent beams, and the size of the light distribution at the corresponding eyes is larger than the diameter of the pupil. In order for the eyes of the observer to clearly see the corresponding two-dimensional projected images, the focus of the eyes needs to be aligned with the display surface. The monocular focus distance is different from the binocular convergence distance corresponding to the intersection of the binocular gaze (displayed out-screen scene), that is, there is a focus-convergence conflict problem. In a natural environment, when the observer observes a real space scene, the monocular focus distance and the binocular convergence distance are consistent with the spatial depth that the observer pays attention to. Therefore, traditional optical devices that only perform 3D display based on binocular parallax have inherent focus-convergence conflicts that are contrary to the physiological habits of the natural evolution of the human body, resulting in visual discomfort for observers, which is currently the bottleneck hindering the promotion and application of 3D display technology sexual issues. Super Multi-view and Maxwellian view (also known as retinal projection display) are two display methods that can solve the focus-convergence conflict problem. In the former, at least two two-dimensional views of the scene to be displayed are respectively projected to each eye of the observer, so as to achieve the purpose of at least two light beams incident on any pupil of the observer along different sagittal directions through each display object point. The superposition of sagittal light beams in space forms a superimposed light spot; the light intensity distribution at the superimposed light spot has sufficient traction advantages compared with the light intensity distribution of each beam on the two-dimensional image display surface, and can be drawn and observed The eye of the observer naturally focuses on the superimposed light spot, thereby overcoming the focus-convergence conflict problem. The latter, through any display object point, projects only a beam of light with a small divergence angle to each eye of the observer, and the light intensity gradient of the light beam with a small divergence angle along the transmission direction is small, so that the binocular convergence effect is more effective than the monocular Under the action of the coupling drive of focusing, it can pull the focus of each eye of the observer to the display scene in space, thereby overcoming the conflict of focus-convergence and achieving the consistency of monocular focus depth and binocular convergence depth.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes an optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams to realize three-dimensional display without focus-convergence conflict through a light and thin optical structure. The optical waveguide display module based on a one-dimensional divergent beam converts the incident divergent beam into a divergent state along the one-dimensional direction and exits in a parallel or small divergence angle state along the other dimension through the divergence angle vertically constrained device. Beam, this patent refers to this type of beam as a one-dimensional divergent beam; use the optical waveguide structure to transmit this type of one-dimensional divergent beam, and converge to the respective corresponding viewing areas by the converging device; Corresponding to the light information, the projection of the corresponding view of each viewing area is realized. And design viewport spacing, with a view to eventually achieve super multi-view and/or Maxwell projection display. The viewing area projected by the display module can cover both eyes of the observer, or two display modules can be designed to correspond to the eyes of the observer respectively. The obvious feature of this display module is that it uses a one-dimensional divergent light beam with a large divergence angle in one direction to transmit light in two-dimensional directions in the optical waveguide structure, without the need for steering transmission of incident light in the optical waveguide structure, that is It can realize the projection of two-dimensional view to the corresponding viewing area, so as to realize the three-dimensional display that overcomes the focus-convergence conflict based on the technical path of Maxwell projection or super multi-view.

The present invention provides following scheme:

Optical waveguide display modules based on one-dimensional divergent beams, including:

A divergent beam projection unit, the divergent beam projection unit projects M divergent beams, where M≧1;

An optical waveguide structure, the optical waveguide structure includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, and uses the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface to guide the incident light from the divergent light beam to propagate;

The divergence angle vertical confinement device is placed between the divergent beam projection unit and the optical waveguide structure, modulates and guides the light from the same divergent beam, so that the light in any vertical plane has a divergence angle of ≦10°, Light rays in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane enter the optical waveguide structure at a divergence angle of >10°, wherein the vertical plane refers to the plane containing the normal of the reflective plane;

a converging device, the converging device is located at a corresponding position of the optical waveguide structure to modulate the light from the same divergent light beam propagating through the optical waveguide structure;

A control device, the control device is connected to the divergent beam projection unit, and the control device controls the light information carried by each light to be the projection information of the scene to be displayed along the propagation path when the light enters the corresponding viewing area.

In a specific embodiment, the optical waveguide structure further includes an optical waveguide between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface, an entrance pupil, an in-coupling device, an out-coupling device, and an exit pupil;

Wherein, after the light from the divergence angle vertically constrained device enters into the device through the entrance pupil, it is transmitted to the outcoupling device in the optical waveguide based on the reflection of the first reflective surface or/and the second reflective surface, and is regulated by the outcoupling device , exiting through the exit pupil.

In a specific embodiment, the converging device is replaced by the outcoupling device, and the outcoupling device is capable of converging the light transmitted to the outcoupling device to the corresponding viewing area. In this solution, the convergence device is replaced by the outcoupling device means: the optical waveguide structure already includes the outcoupling device and the outcoupling device can converge the light transmitted to the outcoupling device to the corresponding viewing area In this case, the optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams does not need to be equipped with converging devices. In this solution, the outcoupling device has both outcoupling and converging functions.

In a specific embodiment, the divergence angle vertically confining device is a cylindrical lens with a curved long axis, or a combined structure of a two-dimensional collimating lens and a one-dimensional diverging lens, or a two-dimensional micro-nano structure device.

In a specific embodiment, a pupil tracking unit is included, and the pupil is connected with a control device for real-time tracking and positioning of the observer's pupil position;

The display module is configured to project only the viewing area corresponding to the pupil position under the control of the control device according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit.

In a specific embodiment, the optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams further includes an auxiliary guiding device, which is placed between the diverging beam projecting unit and the optical waveguide structure, so as to guide each light beam through diverging The angle vertically constrains the incidence of the device into the optical waveguide structure.

In a specific embodiment, the optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams further includes a controllable deflection device placed in the light propagation path behind the divergence angle vertically confining device along the light transmission direction ;

Wherein, the controllable deflection device can deflect the incident light under the control of the control device, guide the light from the same divergent light beam to converge to different positions, so as to form different viewing areas respectively.

In a specific embodiment, the optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams further includes a pupil tracking unit, and the pupil is connected to a control device for real-time tracking and positioning of the observer's pupil position;

The display module is configured to project only the viewing area corresponding to the pupil position under the control of the control device according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit.

In a specific embodiment, it is characterized in that each light projected by the diverging light projection unit carries light information.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit includes M laser scanning projection structures that are signal-connected to the control device;

Wherein, the laser scanning projection unit includes a scanning device and a modulatable light generating unit, the light emitted by the modulatable light generating unit is sequentially deflected by the scanning device to form a divergent beam, and the modulatable light generating unit is modulated under the drive of the control device Each outgoing light is loaded with light information.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit includes a display screen, an aperture unit comprising M apertures, and a modulation device that converges the light emitted from the display screen to the aperture unit;

Wherein, the display screen includes a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and the display screen is driven by a control device to load optical information.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit includes a display screen, an aperture unit comprising M apertures, and a micro-nano control device composed of a micro-nano control unit;

Wherein the display screen includes M groups of pixels or sub-pixels, each micro-nano control unit of the micro-nano control device corresponds to each pixel or each sub-pixel of the display screen, and guides the M groups of pixels or sub-pixels of the display screen The light emitted by the pixels is respectively projected to the M apertures of the aperture unit, and the display screen is driven by the control device to load the optical information.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit includes a display screen, a light source unit comprising M light sources, and an imaging device for imaging the M light sources of the light source unit;

Wherein, the display screen includes a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, the M light sources of the light source unit project backlight to the display screen, and the display screen is driven by a control device to load optical information.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit includes M projection units;

Wherein, the projection unit includes a display screen, a filter aperture, and a modulation device for converging the light emitted from the display screen to the filter aperture, wherein the display screen is driven by the control device to load light information, and the display screen includes a plurality of pixels or sub-pixel.

In a specific embodiment, the optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams further includes a backlight display device, which is placed behind the divergence angle vertical confinement device along the light transmission direction In the optical transmission path;

Wherein, the backlight display device includes a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and is loaded with optical information under the driving of the control device.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projecting unit includes a backlight panel and an aperture unit including M apertures, wherein the backlight panel projects backlight to the aperture unit.

In a specific embodiment, the divergent light projection unit is a light source unit including M point light sources.

In a specific embodiment, more than one optical waveguide structure is stacked, and each optical waveguide structure is respectively equipped with a corresponding emission beam projection unit and a divergence angle vertical confinement device.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention designs a one-dimensional divergent light beam, guides it to propagate directly along the two-dimensional direction in the optical waveguide structure, and can exit the pupil of the optical waveguide structure without turning and transmitting the incident light in the optical waveguide structure , to realize the projection of two-dimensional distributed light rays with expanded size to each viewing area, and it is suitable for the characteristics of Maxwell projection or super multi-view display, and it can also effectively overcome the focus-vergence problem and realize natural focus three-dimensional display.

Details of embodiments of the invention are presented in the drawings or in the description below. Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to help you better understand the invention, and are a part of this specification. The drawings and description illustrate the embodiments and together serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an example and a functional schematic diagram of the divergence angle vertical confinement device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of reflection and transmission of incident parallel light in a vertical plane in an optical waveguide.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a divergence angle vertical confinement device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the laser scanning projection structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a divergent beam projection unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a divergent beam projection unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a divergent beam projection unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a projection unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module constructed by stacking more than one optical waveguide structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a divergent beam projection unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a divergent beam projection unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module constructed by stacking more than one optical waveguide structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of noise rays that appear when the divergence angle vertically constrained device is removed.

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a one-dimensional beam expander structure for forming striped parallel light.

FIG. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of another example of a one-dimensional beam expander structure for forming striped parallel light.

Detailed ways

The present invention is based on the optical waveguide display module of the one-dimensional divergent light beam, which uses the optical waveguide structure to guide the one-dimensional divergent light beam to transmit along the two-dimensional direction, and through the two-dimensional coverage of the optical waveguide structure coupled out device by its light, to the observer's pupil Coupling and projecting two-dimensional images, based on the technical path of super multi-view or/and Maxwell projection, realizes the presentation of three-dimensional scenes that can be freely focused.

和光线/>

为边线的光束，经发散角垂向约束器件20转换为以光线/>

和光线/>

为边线的平行光，其沿方向V₀传输。图2中，该传输方向V₀和参考面P_∥的夹角以/>

表示，其于参考面P_∥上的投影方向被示为R₀。同理，于垂向面P_θ┴内，来自发散光出射点S₁的、以光线

和光线/>

为边线的光束，经发散角垂向约束器件20转换为以光线/>

和光线/>

为边线的平行光，其沿方向V_θ传输。图2中，该传输方向V_θ和参考面P_∥的夹角以/>

表示，其于参考面P_∥上的投影方向被示为R_θ。夹角/>

也是该平行光与光波导结构30反射面的夹角。这里，发散角垂向约束器件20被举例为以曲线/>

为长轴的柱透镜。来自发散光出射点S₁的、于过该发散光出射点的垂向面内的光线，经发散角垂向约束器件20被调制为平行光。则，经发散光出射点S₁出射的发散光束，被发散角垂向约束器件20调制，作为一维发散光束入射光波导结构30。本专利中，其光线具有如下特征的光束被称为一维发散光束：其光线来自于同一个发散光出射点，其光线于任一过该发散光出射点的垂向面内以≦10°的发散角传输，且于过该发散光出射点的、垂直于前述垂向面的一个面内以>10°的发散角传输。图2中所示一维发散光束，于过发散光出射点S₁的各垂向面内，示例为沿光传输方向平行传输(发散角为零)。则，于垂向面P_θ┴内，沿矢向V_θ传输的平行光，入射光波导结构30，并经光波导结构30反射面302a和302b的反射，于光波导体301中沿方向R_θ传播，如图3所示。这里，用z_θ表示该垂向面对应的法向(反射面的法向)，该平行光的边界光线分别用1和2表示。如图3(a)所示，截面尺寸a的平行光，其入射光波导结构30后，沿方向R_θ于反射面302a上的覆盖面尺寸

其中一条光线，于同一反射面上相邻两个反射点之间的间距

其中d为光波导体301沿z_θ方向的厚度，/>

为该平行光于光波导结构30反射面上的反射角。图3(a)中，D_c<D_s，即光波导结构30反射面上，存在光线未发生覆盖的空白区域。调整相关参数，可以改变D_c和D_s之间的相对大小。例如图3(b)所示，增大截面尺寸a的尺寸(对应光波导的结构30的入瞳303尺寸需要对应改变)，令

这可实现入射光束对光波导结构30反射面的恰好全覆盖，即D_c＝D_s。当然，也可以调整为D_c>D_s，此时部分光线会发生空间上的重叠。于过一个发散光束对应发散光出射点的垂向面内，来自该发散光束的光线，经发散角垂向约束器件20后，也可能以小角度(≦10°)的非平行态出射。此时，该垂向面内，来自该发射光束的光线，沿方向R_θ于反射面302a上的覆盖面尺寸，可以根据各光线的反射角具体计算(不同的光线对光波导结构30反射面的反射角不同)。FIG. 1 shows the basic optical structure of an optical waveguide display module based on a one-dimensional divergent beam, including a divergent beam projection unit 10 , a divergence angle vertical constraint device 20 , an optical waveguide structure 30 , a converging device 40 and a control unit 50 . The divergent beam projecting unit 10 projects M≧1 divergent beams, for example, M=2 divergent beams emitted from M=2 points S ₁ and S ₂ respectively as shown in FIG. 1 . Here, the points _S1 and _S2 are named divergent light exit points, and any divergent light beam projected by the divergent beam projecting unit 10 corresponds to a divergent light exit point. Each divergent light beam is regulated by the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 , then guided by the optical waveguide structure 30 to exit, and finally converged by the converging device 40 to the respective viewing zones, such as the viewing zones VZ ₁ and VZ ₂ in FIG. 1 . In this patent, the plane that defines the normal to the reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 20 is the vertical plane. Fig. 2 takes the divergent light beam corresponding to the divergent light exit point _S1 as an example, in the two vertical planes P _θ┴ and P _0┴ passing through the divergent light exit point _S1 , it shows that the incident light passes through the divergence angle and vertically constrains the device 20 modulated transmission. Among them, the vertical plane P _0┴ is used as the reference vertical plane, and the angle between any vertical plane P _θ┴ and the reference vertical plane P _0┴ is θ. P _∥ is a reference plane parallel to the reflection plane of the optical waveguide structure 30 . In the reference vertical plane P _0┴ , the light from the divergent light exit point S ₁ is

and light />

Be the light beam of the side line, through the divergence angle vertically confining device 20, convert it into a light beam />

and light />

is the parallel light of the edge, which travels along the direction V ₀ . In Fig. 2, the angle between the transmission direction V ₀ and the reference plane P _∥ is given by />

Indicates that its projection direction on the reference plane P _∥ is shown as R ₀ . Similarly, in the vertical plane P _θ┴ , the light from the divergent light exit point S ₁

and light />

Be the light beam of the side line, through the divergence angle vertically confining device 20, convert it into a light beam />

and light />

is the parallel light of the edge, which travels along the direction V _θ . In Figure 2, the angle between the transmission direction V _θ and the reference plane P _∥ is given by />

, and its projection direction on the reference plane P _∥ is shown as R _θ . Angle />

It is also the included angle between the parallel light and the reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 . Here, the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 is exemplified as a curve />

Cylindrical lens with long axis. Light rays coming from the divergent light exit point S ₁ and passing through the vertical plane of the divergent light exit point are modulated into parallel light by the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . Then, the divergent light beam emitted from the divergent light exit point S ₁ is modulated by the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 , and enters the optical waveguide structure 30 as a one-dimensional divergent light beam. In this patent, a light beam whose light has the following characteristics is called a one-dimensional divergent light beam: its light comes from the same divergent light exit point, and its light is within ≦ 10° in any vertical plane passing through the divergent light exit point The divergence angle is transmitted, and it is transmitted at a divergence angle > 10° in a plane perpendicular to the aforementioned vertical plane passing through the divergent light exit point. The one-dimensional divergent light beam shown in FIG. 2 , in each vertical plane of the over-divergent light exit point S ₁ , is for example transmitted parallel to the light transmission direction (the divergence angle is zero). Then, within the vertical plane P _θ┴ , the parallel light transmitted along the sagittal direction V _θ enters the optical waveguide structure 30, and is reflected by the reflection surfaces 302a and 302b of the optical waveguide structure 30, and propagates along the direction R _θ in the optical waveguide 301 ,As shown in Figure 3. Here, z _θ represents the normal direction corresponding to the vertical surface (the normal direction of the reflection surface), and the boundary rays of the parallel light are represented by 1 and 2, respectively. As shown in Figure 3(a), the parallel light with cross-sectional size a, after it enters the optical waveguide structure 30, covers the size of the reflection surface 302a along the direction _Rθ

One of the rays, the distance between two adjacent reflection points on the same reflection surface

Where d is the thickness of the optical waveguide 301 along the z _θ direction, />

is the reflection angle of the parallel light on the reflection surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 . In FIG. 3( a ), D _c < D _s , that is, there is a blank area on the reflection surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 that is not covered by light. By adjusting related parameters, the relative size between D _c and D _s can be changed. For example, as shown in Figure 3(b), increase the size of the cross-sectional dimension a (the size of the entrance pupil 303 of the structure 30 corresponding to the optical waveguide needs to be changed accordingly), so that

This can achieve exactly full coverage of the reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 by the incident light beam, ie D _c =D _s . Of course, it can also be adjusted so that D _c >D _s , at this time, some light rays will overlap in space. In the vertical plane passing through a divergent beam corresponding to the divergent light exit point, the light from the divergent beam may also exit in a non-parallel state with a small angle (≦10°) after passing through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . At this time, in the vertical plane, the light rays from the emitted light beam, along the direction R _θ on the reflection surface 302a, can be specifically calculated according to the reflection angles of the light rays (different light rays to the reflection surface of the optical waveguide structure 30). different angles of reflection).

The above description is applicable to the following embodiments.

Example 1

的夹角，沿方向R_θ于光波导体301内传输至耦出器件305，最终被耦出器件305调控，经出瞳306出射至会聚器件40。设计耦出器件305和会聚器件40的调制特性，使来自同一发散光束的光线，经耦出器件305和会聚器件40后会聚至同一对应视区。则，于该视区内，可以接收到对应发散光束各光线带来的二维图像。由于所述一维发散光束于光波导体301内，沿法向z_θ的垂面，发散地沿二维方向传播，其光线将于各反射面上覆盖一个二维区域。图4例举置于反射面302a上的衍射型光学器件作为耦出器件305，其于任一垂向面P_θ┴内、沿方向R_θ的尺寸为D_θ。本实施例中，设计D_θ≦D_c,且D_θ≦D_s，以保证携带光信息的各光线仅一次地入射会聚器件。如果携带信息的光线经反射多于一次的入射会聚器件并被投射至观察者眼睛，则来自同一条光线的、经不同反射后沿不同方向传输的光线，携带相同的信息，会引入噪声，需要避免该情况的发生。该过程中，D_θ≦D_c＝D_s情况下，图4中耦出器件305于在反射面302a上沿方向R_θ的位置，是不受限的，可以根据需要任意移动。对一个发散光束，其对应θ取不同值时，分别对应的D_θ拼连形成该发散光束所包含光线于反射面302a上的出射区域。为了得到规则形状的该出射区域(其作为等效显示屏所对应面积)，任一垂向面P_θ┴内，各光线相对于光波导结构30的反射面的反射角及其对应D_θ值，可以根据需求计算设计为所需要的值。In a vertical plane P _θ┴ , FIG. 4 shows a specific display module structure. Each light projected by the divergent light projection unit 10 is controlled by the control device 50 (not shown) to carry light information and exit. The light mentioned in this patent is not a "line" in the strict geometric sense, but a thin beam that can have a certain divergence angle. Its characteristic is that when the thin beam propagates to the area where the pupil of the observer In the vertical plane, the size of the light distribution line whose light intensity is more than half of its intensity maximum value is smaller than the diameter of the observer's pupil. A divergent light beam projected by the divergent light projection unit 10 is transformed into a one-dimensional divergent beam through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . Compared with FIG. 1 , the optical waveguide structure 30 shown in FIG. 4 is embodied to further include an entrance pupil 303 , an in-coupling device 304 , an out-coupling device 305 , and an exit pupil 306 . The light from the divergence angle vertically confining device 20 enters into the device 304 through the entrance pupil 303, and is regulated by the outcoupling device 305 so as to be relatively

The included angle is transmitted along the direction R _θ in the optical waveguide 301 to the outcoupling device 305 , and finally controlled by the outcoupling device 305 , and exits to the converging device 40 through the exit pupil 306 . The modulation characteristics of the outcoupling device 305 and the converging device 40 are designed so that light from the same divergent light beam converges to the same corresponding viewing area after passing through the outcoupling device 305 and the converging device 40 . Then, in the viewing area, the two-dimensional image brought by the light rays corresponding to the divergent light beam can be received. Since the one-dimensional divergent light beams propagate in two-dimensional directions divergently along the vertical plane normal to _zθ in the optical waveguide 301 , the light rays will cover a two-dimensional area on each reflective surface. FIG. 4 exemplifies a diffractive optical device placed on the reflective surface 302 a as the outcoupling device 305 , and its dimension along the direction R _θ in any vertical plane P _θ┴ is D _θ . In this embodiment, D _θ ≦D _c and D _θ ≦D _s are designed to ensure that each light carrying optical information enters the converging device only once. If the light carrying information is reflected more than once by the incident converging device and is projected to the observer's eyes, the light from the same light, which is transmitted in different directions after different reflections, carries the same information and will introduce noise. Avoid this from happening. In this process, under the condition of D _θ ≦D _c =D _s , the position of the outcoupling device 305 on the reflective surface 302a along the direction R _θ in FIG. 4 is not limited and can be moved arbitrarily as required. For a divergent beam, when the corresponding θ takes different values, the respective corresponding D _θ are concatenated to form the exit area of the light contained in the divergent beam on the reflective surface 302a. In order to obtain the regular-shaped exit area (which is the corresponding area of the equivalent display screen), in any vertical plane P _θ┴ , the reflection angle of each light relative to the reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 and its corresponding D _θ value , can be calculated and designed as the required value according to the requirement.

In the above process, a diverging beam projected by the emitting beam projection unit 10 corresponds to a viewing zone. In order to realize the projection of multiple viewports, two design schemes can be adopted. The first solution is to place the controllable deflection device 70 in the optical path behind the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 , as shown in FIG. 4 . Driven by the control unit 50 , the controllable deflection device 70 can sequentially deflect the incident light beams, and sequentially project viewing areas with different positions. At each moment, under the control of the control unit 50 , the emission beam projection unit 10 projects each light beam and loads corresponding light information synchronously. The light information loaded by each ray is the projection information of the scene to be displayed along the propagation path when the ray enters the corresponding viewing zone. The controllable deflection device 70 can also be placed in other positions, such as Po ₁ or Po ₂ shown in FIG. 4 . In another solution, the divergent beam projecting unit 10 is designed to project multiple divergent beams, and the rays included in them are respectively projected to their corresponding viewing areas. In this case, the divergent light emitting points corresponding to the different divergent light beams do not overlap with each other. In the vertical plane passing through a divergent beam corresponding to the divergent light exit point, the light from the divergent beam may also exit in a non-parallel state with a small angle (≦10°) after passing through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . At this time, the setting of the outcoupling device 305 needs to meet the following requirements: each light from the divergent beam projection unit 10 can only enter each viewing area once at the same time point through the outcoupling device 305 . Obviously, the above two solutions can also be further combined. The display module may further introduce a pupil tracking unit 80, as shown in FIG. 1, to track and locate the observer's pupil position in real time. At this time, according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit 80 , under the control of the control device 50 , only a part of the visual area corresponding to the pupil position can be projected. Further, between the divergent beam projection unit 10 and the optical waveguide structure 30, an auxiliary guiding device 90 can also be introduced, such as the reflective surface auxiliary guiding device 90 shown in FIG. Incident to the optical waveguide structure (30).

In the case that multiple viewing zones can be projected and the distance between adjacent viewing zones is smaller than the diameter of the observer’s pupil, super multi-view display can be realized. When the distance between adjacent viewing zones is greater than or equal to the diameter of the observer’s pupil, and each pupil has a In the case of a view incident, a Maxwell projection display can be realized. The display module designed in this patent can cover the area where both eyes of the observer are located, and exist as a naked-eye display system; or two display modules designed in this patent correspond to the eyes of the observer respectively, and can be used as a head-mounted display system exist.

The optical waveguide structure 30 shown in FIG. 4 is only an example of a conventional optical waveguide device. In fact, the display module described in this patent can use optical waveguide devices of various structures, such as optical waveguide devices without coupling device 304 (incident light is directly incident on the reflective surface as shown in Figure 3), or other various structures can be used. Types of coupling devices 304 (such as holographic grating type, imprinted micro-nano structure type), or optical waveguide devices using other types of out-coupling devices 305 (such as holographic grating type, micro-nano structure type, reflective surface). The reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 may also be a curved surface. Meanwhile, the function of the converging device 50 can also be combined to the outcoupling device 305 of the optical waveguide structure 30 , that is, the outcoupling device 305 simultaneously implements the converging function of the converging device 50 . For example, by modulating the incident light, the outcoupling device 305 converges and guides the incident light from a divergent light beam to the corresponding viewing area. At this time, the function of the converging device 50 is combined to the outcoupling device 305, and the converging device 50 is no longer Exists as a single device. The optical waveguide structure 30 may further include a phase compensation unit 307 to offset the influence of the optical waveguide structure 30 on the incident ambient light.

The above-mentioned divergent light emission point may not be a strict point, but have a certain size. The controllable deflection device 70 of Figure 4 is shown as a transmissive device, it may also be a reflective device. The above-mentioned divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 can also adopt other specific optical devices, such as a two-dimensional micro-nano structure device, and another example is a combination structure of a two-dimensional collimating lens 201 and a one-dimensional diverging lens 202, as long as it can convert the incident The divergent light is converted into a one-dimensional divergent beam to exit. Taking the combined structure of the two-dimensional collimating lens 201 and the one-dimensional diverging lens 202 shown in FIG. The one-dimensional diverging lens 202 is modulated in one-dimensional direction to diverge the output. The one-dimensional diverging lens 202 may also be a device that has a converging function along the one-dimensional direction, and becomes a one-dimensional diverging light beam after converging.

The diverging light projection unit 10 may include M laser scanning projection structures 101 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the laser scanning projection structure 101 includes a scanning device 1011 and a modulatable light generating unit 1012 . The modulable light generating unit 1012 is exemplified as including three laser light sources 1012R, 1012G, and 1012B that respectively emit R, G, and B lights. Combined into one light incident to the scanning device 1011. The scanning device 1011 is driven by the control unit 50 to scan and reflect the incident light to form a divergent light beam. Driven by the control unit 50 , each laser light source can modulate the emitted light synchronously to load corresponding light information. The two-dimensional scanning device 1011 shown in FIG. 6 can perform two-dimensional scanning. It can also be replaced by two cascaded one-dimensional scanning devices to realize two-dimensional scanning.

The divergent light projection unit 10 illustrated in FIG. 7 includes a display screen 1021 , an aperture unit 1022 including M apertures, and a modulation device 1023 that converges the light emitted by the display screen 1021 to the aperture unit 1022 . The display screen 1021 is composed of pixels or sub-pixels, and can be driven by the control unit 50 to load optical information. FIG. 7 takes the aperture unit 1022 composed of M=2 apertures A ₁ and A ₂ as an example, and the modulation device 1023 is exemplified as a lens with a focal length f. In FIG. 7 , each aperture of the aperture forming unit 1022 is placed on the focal plane of the lens-type modulation device 1023 . Of course, each aperture may not be on the focal plane, as long as the light emitted by each pixel or sub-pixel can cover all the apertures. As shown in FIG. 7 , the apertures A ₁ and A ₂ can be respectively used as divergent light exit points, and they correspond to the same display screen 1021 . In order to ensure that the divergent light emitted from the apertures A ₁ and A ₂ carries different corresponding light information respectively, the M=2 apertures can be opened sequentially, and at this time the M=2 apertures are connected to the control unit 50 with signals, and are controlled by the control unit 50. Unit 50 drives down timing to open. Or the M=2 apertures allow light with different orthogonal characteristics to pass through, for example, only allow two kinds of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other to pass through, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display screen 1021 are divided into two groups, and only project two Each aperture allows linearly polarized light to pass through. Obviously, the above-mentioned linear polarization characteristics can also be replaced by other orthogonal characteristics, such as polarization characteristics corresponding to left-handed light and right-handed light, and wavelength characteristics with different colors. The display screen 1021 shown in FIG. 7 may also be a backlight display screen with a backlight source. The area outside the aperture shown in FIG. 7 is designed not to transmit light from the display 1021 .

FIG. 8 illustrates that the divergent light projection unit 10 includes a display screen 1021, an aperture unit 1022, and a micro-nano control device 1031 composed of a micro-nano control unit. Each micro-nano control unit of the micro-nano control device 1031 is in one-to-one correspondence with each pixel or each sub-pixel of the display screen 1021, and guides the M groups of pixels or sub-pixels of the display screen 1021 to emit light to the M groups of the aperture unit 1022. aperture projection. The pixels of each image group (or the sub-pixels of each sub-pixel group) are arranged all over the display screen 1021 . The display screen 1021 is driven by the control device (50) to load optical information.

The display screen 1021 , the light source unit 1041 including M light sources, and the imaging device 1042 for imaging the aforementioned M light sources constitute another divergent light projection unit 10 , as shown in FIG. 9 . Wherein, M=6 light sources of the light source unit 1041 project backlight to the display screen 1021 , and the image of each light source with respect to the imaging device 1042 serves as a diverging light exit point. Each light source image can also be further provided with a corresponding aperture to constrain the spot size of each light source image. These apertures make up the aperture unit 1022 . When M>1, since M light sources correspond to the same display screen 1021, they should be designed to be sequentially activated in each time period; or although some or all of them are activated at the same time, the light sources activated at the same time respectively have different emission characteristics. For light with the same orthogonal characteristic, the pixels or sub-pixels corresponding to the display screen 1021 are divided into different groups, and each pixel group or sub-pixel group only modulates and emits the aforementioned incident light with different orthogonal characteristics. Specifically, the light sources OS ₁₁ and OS ₁₂ in FIG. 9 are activated only in the time zone t～t+Δt/3 of the time period t～t+Δt, and the light sources OS ₂₁ and OS ₂₂ are activated only in the time period t～t+Δt The time zone t+Δt/3˜t+2Δt/3 of Δt is activated, and the light sources OS ₃₁ and OS ₃₂ are only activated during the time period t˜t+Δt of the time zone t+2t/3˜t+Δt. The same applies to other time periods. The pixels of the display screen are divided into two groups, which only allow two kinds of polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other to be modulated to emit, and the two light sources that are turned on at the same time only emit the two kinds of polarized light respectively. The display screen 1021 is driven by the control device 50 to load optical information. In FIG. 9, the positions of the display screen 1021 and the imaging device 1042 can also be interchanged.

The diverging light projection unit 10 may be M projection units 105 . One of the projection units includes a display screen 1021 , a filter aperture 1051 , and a modulation device 1023 for converging light emitted from the display screen 1021 to the filter aperture 1051 . The display screen 1021 is driven by the control device 50 to load optical information. In each projection unit 105, a device that deflects the direction of light propagation, such as a reflector, a prism, etc., can also be introduced between the filter aperture 1051 and the modulation device 1023, so as to guide the exit light of the display screen 1021 of each projection unit 105 to the respective directions along different directions. Corresponding filter aperture 1051 projection.

In this embodiment 1, in the vertical plane corresponding to the divergent light exit point of a divergent beam, the light from the divergent beam may also be at a small angle (≦10°) after passing through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 non-parallel state emission. At this time, the setting of the display module should ensure that any light from the diverging light projection unit 10 enters the observer's pupil at most once at the same time point.

In the above display module, only one optical waveguide structure 30 is included. In fact, more than one optical waveguide structure 30 can also be arranged to be stacked, and each optical waveguide 30 is respectively equipped with a corresponding emission beam projection unit 10 and a divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . As shown in FIG. 11 , two optical waveguide structures 30 and 30 ′ are stacked, and they correspond to a common converging device 40 , or a common converging device 40 and a controllable deflection device 70 . But they respectively correspond to the respective divergent light projection units 10 and 10 ′, and the divergence angle vertical confinement devices 20 and 20 ′.

Example 2

In the first embodiment above, driven by the control unit 50 , the light beams projected by the diverging light beam projection unit 10 each carry corresponding light information and exit. Differently, the light rays projected by the divergent beam projection unit 10 may carry information when they enter the corresponding viewing areas, and may also be loaded by the backlight display device 60 . In Example 2, a backlight display device 60 as shown in FIG. 12 is introduced, and the light emitted by the optical waveguide structure 30 is used as a backlight, and information is loaded under the driving of the control unit 50 . Obviously, the backlight display device can also be placed in the position Po ₁ or Po ₃ shown in FIG. 12 . The information loaded by each pixel or sub-pixel on the incident light is the projection information of the scene to be displayed along the propagation path of the light incident on the corresponding viewing area.

的夹角，沿方向R_θ于光波导体301内传输至耦出器件305，最终被耦出器件305调控，经出瞳306出射至会聚器件40。本专利所述光线，并不是严格几何意义上的“线”，而是可以具有一个发散角的细光束，其特性在于，该细光束在传播至观察者瞳孔所处区域时，于传播方向的垂面内，光强大于其强度极大值一半的光分布线尺寸，小于观察者瞳孔直径。设计耦出器件305和会聚器件40的调制特性，使来自同一发散光束的光线，经耦出器件305和会聚器件40后会聚至同一对应视区。则，于该视区内，可以接收到对应发散光束各光线经背光型显示器件60调制所带来的二维图像。发散光束于光波导体301内，沿法向z_θ的垂面，发散地沿二维方向传播，其光线将于各反射面上覆盖一个二维区域。图12例举置于反射面302a上的衍射型光学结构作为耦出器件305，其于任一垂向面P_θ┴内、沿方向R_θ的尺寸为D_θ。在背光型显示器件60置于图12所示位置Po₂时，需要设计D_θ≦D_c,且D_θ≦D_s，以保证携带光信息的各光线仅一次地入射会聚器件。在背光型显示器件60如图12所示置放，或置于图12所示位置Po₁时，D_θ可以不受D_c或D_s的约束，即此时一维发散光束于光波导体301内，各光线可以沿各自传播方形进行扩瞳，以获得较大的覆盖尺寸。耦出器件305也不仅限于图12所示的衍射型结构，也可以是可以进行扩瞳的反射面阵列，例如圆锥面状的反射面所构建的反射面阵列。Fig. 12 shows a cut-away view showing the structure of the module in a vertical plane P _θ┴ . A divergent light beam projected by the divergent light projection unit 10 is transformed into a one-dimensional divergent beam through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 . Compared with FIG. 1 , the optical waveguide structure 30 shown in FIG. 12 is embodied to further include an entrance pupil 303 , an in-coupling device 304 , an out-coupling device 305 , and an exit pupil 306 . The light from the divergence angle vertically confining device 20 enters into the device 304 through the entrance pupil 303, and is regulated by the outcoupling device 305 so as to be relatively

The included angle is transmitted along the direction R _θ in the optical waveguide 301 to the outcoupling device 305 , and finally controlled by the outcoupling device 305 , and exits to the converging device 40 through the exit pupil 306 . The light mentioned in this patent is not a "line" in the strict geometric sense, but a thin beam that can have a divergence angle. Its characteristic is that when the thin beam propagates to the area where the pupil of the observer In the vertical plane, the size of the light distribution line whose light intensity is more than half of its intensity maximum value is smaller than the diameter of the observer's pupil. The modulation characteristics of the outcoupling device 305 and the converging device 40 are designed so that light from the same divergent light beam converges to the same corresponding viewing area after passing through the outcoupling device 305 and the converging device 40 . Then, in the viewing area, a two-dimensional image brought about by the modulation of each light corresponding to the divergent light beam through the backlight display device 60 can be received. The divergent light beam propagates in the two-dimensional direction divergently along the vertical plane normal to _zθ in the optical waveguide 301 , and its light will cover a two-dimensional area on each reflecting surface. FIG. 12 exemplifies a diffractive optical structure placed on the reflective surface 302 a as the outcoupling device 305 , and its dimension along the direction R _θ in any vertical plane P _θ┴ is D _θ . When the backlight display device 60 is placed at the position Po ₂ shown in FIG. 12 , it is necessary to design D _θ ≦ D _c , and D _θ ≦ D _s to ensure that each light carrying optical information enters the converging device only once. When the backlight display device 60 is placed as shown in Figure 12, or placed at the position Po ₁ shown in Figure 12, D _θ may not be constrained by D _c or D _s , that is, the one-dimensional divergent light beam on the optical waveguide 301 at this time Inside, each ray can be dilated along its propagation square to obtain a larger coverage size. The outcoupling device 305 is not limited to the diffractive structure shown in FIG. 12 , and may also be a reflective surface array capable of pupil expansion, for example, a reflective surface array constructed of conical reflective surfaces.

In the above process, a diverging beam projected by the emitting beam projection unit 10 corresponds to a viewing zone. In order to realize the projection of multiple viewports, two design schemes can be adopted. The first solution is to place the controllable deflection device 70 in the optical path behind the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 , as shown in FIG. 12 . Driven by the control unit 50 , the controllable deflection device 70 can deflect the incident light beam in time sequence, and form viewing areas with different positions in time sequence projection. The controllable deflection device 70 can also be placed in other positions, such as positions Po ₁ , or Po ₂ , or Po ₃ shown in FIG. 12 . In another solution, the divergent light beam projecting unit 10 is designed to project a plurality of reflected light beams, and the light rays included in them are respectively projected to respective viewing areas. In this case, the divergent light emitting points corresponding to the different divergent light beams need not overlap with each other. Since different divergent light beams project backlight to the same backlight type display device 60 , it is necessary for the different divergent light beams to be emitted in time sequence, or the different divergent light beams have different orthogonal characteristics. In the latter case, the pixels or sub-pixels of the backlight display device 60 are divided into different image groups or sub-pixel groups, and each pixel group or sub-pixel group only allows the incident light with different orthogonal characteristics to be modulated and emitted. Obviously, the above two solutions can also be further used in combination. The display module may further introduce a pupil tracking unit 80, as shown in FIG. 1, to track and locate the observer's pupil position in real time. At this time, according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit 80 , under the control of the control device 50 , only a part of the visual area corresponding to the pupil position can be projected. Further, between the divergent beam projection unit 10 and the optical waveguide structure 30, an auxiliary guiding device 90 can also be introduced, such as the reflective surface auxiliary guiding device 90 shown in FIG. Incident to the optical waveguide structure 30 .

In the case that multiple viewing zones can be projected, and the distance between adjacent viewing zones is smaller than the diameter of the observer’s pupil, super multi-view display can be realized. When the distance between adjacent viewing zones is greater than or equal to the diameter of the observer’s pupil, and each pupil When there is one view incidence, Maxwell projection display can be realized. The display module designed in this patent can cover the area where both eyes of the observer are located, and exist as a naked-eye display system; or two display modules designed in this patent correspond to the eyes of the observer respectively, and can be used as a head-mounted display system exist.

The optical waveguide structure 30 shown in FIG. 4 is only an example of a conventional optical waveguide device. In fact, the display module described in this patent can use optical waveguide devices of various structures, such as optical waveguide devices without coupling device 304 (incident light is directly incident on the reflective surface as shown in Figure 3), for example, the coupling device adopts The geometric waveguide of reflective surface or multiple reflective surfaces, or adopt other various types of coupling devices 304 (such as holographic grating type, imprinted micro-nano structure type), or adopt other various types of coupling devices 305 (such as Holographic grating type, micro-nano structure type, semi-reflective and semi-transparent surface array) optical waveguide devices. Or other various types of optical waveguide devices such as holographic grating type, micro-nano structure type, transflective surface structure, and semi-reflective structure) are used. The reflective surface of the optical waveguide structure 30 may also be non-planar. At the same time, the function of the converging device 50 can also be combined to the outcoupling device 305 of the optical waveguide structure 30, that is, the outcoupling device 305 simultaneously implements the converging function of the converging device 50, and the converging device 50 no longer appears as an independent device. For example, by modulating the incident light, the outcoupling device 305 converges and guides the incident light from a diverging light beam to the corresponding viewing area. At this time, the function of the converging device 50 is combined to the outcoupling device 305 . The optical waveguide structure 30 may further include a phase compensation unit 307 to offset the influence of the optical waveguide structure 30 on the incident ambient light.

The above-mentioned divergent light emission point may not be a strict point, but have a certain size. The controllable deflection device 70 of Figure 12 is shown as a transmissive device, it may also be a reflective device. The above-mentioned divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 may also use other specific optical devices, such as two-dimensional micro-nano structure devices, as long as it can convert the incident divergent light into a one-dimensional divergent beam to emit.

The divergent beam projection unit 10 that does not need to load information on each outgoing light can be a combination of the backlight panel 1061 and the aperture unit 1022 shown in FIG. 13 , where the backlight panel 1061 projects backlight to the aperture unit 1022 . FIG. 14 directly uses the light source unit 1071 composed of M point light sources as the divergent beam projection unit 10 . In Fig. 14, each light source is directly used as a divergent light exit point. When M>1, in the case of M=6 as shown in Figure 14, since the M light sources correspond to the same display screen 1021, they should be designed not to be activated at the same time, or although activated at the same time, the light sources activated at the same time emit light With different orthogonal characteristics, the pixels or sub-pixels corresponding to the display screen 1021 are divided into different groups, and each pixel group or sub-pixel group only modulates and emits different orthogonal characteristics. Specifically, the light sources OS ₁₁ and OS ₁₂ in FIG. 9 are activated only at the time point t～t+Δt/3 during the time period t～t+Δt, and the light sources OS ₂₁ and OS ₂₂ are only activated during the time period t～t+Δt Δt is activated at the time point t+Δt/3~t+2Δt/3, and the light sources OS ₃₁ and OS ₃₂ are only activated at the time period t~t+Δt and the time point t+2t/3~t+Δt. The same applies to other time periods. The pixels of the display screen are divided into two groups, which only allow two kinds of polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other to be modulated to emit, and the two light sources that are turned on at the same time only emit the two kinds of polarized light respectively. The display screen 1021 is driven by the control device 50 to load optical information. In FIG. 12 , the backlight display device 60 is shown as a transmissive device, which may also be a reflective device.

Similar to that shown in FIG. 11 , in the case of introducing a backlight display device 60 , the display module can also be provided with more than one optical waveguide structure 30 stacked, and each optical waveguide 30 is respectively configured with a corresponding emission beam. The projection unit 10 and the divergence angle vertical constraint device 20 . As shown in FIG. 15 , two optical waveguide structures 30 and 30 ′ are stacked, and they correspond to the common converging device 40 and the backlight display device 60 , or share the converging device 40 , the backlight display device 60 and the controllable deflection device 70 . But they respectively correspond to the respective divergent light projection units 10 and 10 ′, and the divergence angle vertical confinement devices 20 and 20 ′.

The above-mentioned optical structure that uses the light waveguide structure 30 to guide the outgoing light from the divergent beam projection unit 10 as the backlight, in the case of removing the divergence angle vertical constraint device 20, can also be projected to the backlight display device 60 The above-mentioned display is realized by the backlight converging to the respective viewing zones. For example, as shown in FIG. 16 , the divergent light beam emitted from the divergent light exit point S ₁ enters the optical waveguide structure 30 in a vertical plane with the light 1 and the light 2 as sidelines. It is designed that when light 1 and light 2 enter the outcoupling device 305 for the first time, they are outcoupled and converged to the corresponding viewing zone VZ ₁ , and other light rays are also outcoupled to the viewing zone when entering the outcoupling device 305 for the first time. In FIG. 16 , the function of converging device 40 is illustrated as recombining to outcoupling device 305 . However, due to the difference in reflection angles between ray 1 and ray 2, some light rays may enter and exit the device more than once, as shown in _FIG . The light ₁₄ is coupled out by the outcoupling device 305, exits as the light _1'4 , and enters the pixel p of the backlight display device 60. If the pixel p also has an incident ray 3′ ₂ pointing to the viewing area, and the incident ray 3′ ₂ corresponds to a ray that first enters the outcoupling device 305 and comes from the divergent light exit point S ₁ , then the pixel p is loaded along the ray For the projection information in the direction of 3′ ₂ , the light rays 1′ ₄ passing through the pixel exist as noise. This type of noise light needs to be controlled through other designs to avoid it from entering the observer's pupil, or although it enters into the observer's pupil, the noise it brings is within a tolerable range. Further, the divergence angle vertically restricting device 20 in FIG. 2 can also be a cylindrical lens whose major axis is a straight line, or other devices with the same function. At this time, the divergence angle of light propagation in each vertical plane may be greater than 10°, similar to the situation shown in FIG. 16 .

In this embodiment 2, in the vertical plane corresponding to the divergent light exit point of a divergent beam, the light from the divergent beam may also be at a small angle (≦10°) after passing through the divergence angle vertical confinement device 20 non-parallel state emission. At this time, in the case that light enters the outcoupling device 305 multiple times through pupil expansion and outcouples the light beams, the setting of the display module needs to meet the following requirements: any light projected by the diverging beam projection unit 10, it Different light beams emitted by the device 305, under the premise of carrying the same light information, cannot enter the pupil of the observer more than one beam at the same time point.

The core idea of the present invention is to guide the one-dimensional divergent light to converge to the corresponding viewing area by using the light and thin light waveguide structure. The light information carried by each light can be loaded by the emission beam projection unit itself, or can be loaded by using one-dimensional divergent light as a backlight. Its characteristic is that the one-dimensional divergent light is transmitted along the two-dimensional direction in the optical waveguide, without the deflection of the propagation direction, the incidence of two-dimensional distributed light on the corresponding viewing area can be realized, and the display can be realized based on Maxwell diagram or super multi-view. In contrast, the publication number is CN113126315A, the publication date is 2021-07-16, the title of the invention is "Three-dimensional display module for optical waveguide sagittal backlight" and the publication number is CN113359312A, the publication date is 2021-09-07, and the title of the invention is "Based on Multi-light source optical waveguide display module" Chinese invention patent, using the optical waveguide structure to propagate parallel beams as backlight and propagating parallel light carrying optical information for display. The parallel light incident on the optical waveguide can be transmitted in a two-dimensional direction by turning in the optical waveguide (requires a two-dimensional optical waveguide), or it needs to pass through a one-dimensional beam expansion structure before entering the optical waveguide structure to perform transmission along the one-dimensional direction. The beam is expanded to enter the optical waveguide structure in a strip-shaped parallel light state with a large size along the one-dimensional direction, so as to obtain a two-dimensional coverage area of a reasonable size on the exit pupil surface of the optical waveguide structure. The one-dimensional beam expansion structure can be various structures, such as a combination structure of a two-dimensional collimator lens 201 and a strip mirror 203 shown in Figure 17, and the divergent beam is modulated to be parallel through its two-dimensional collimator lens 201 The light emerges; then the emitted parallel light is reflected by its strip reflector 203 into a strip of parallel light with a larger size along one direction. Between the two-dimensional collimating lens 201 and the strip mirror 203, other devices for guiding the light path can also be designed, such as the prism 204 shown in FIG. 18 . For another example, the strip mirror 203 in FIG. 17 may also be a strip-shaped refracting prism.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made to the present invention using this concept also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, various existing optical waveguide structures can be used as the optical waveguide of this patent; for example, an existing optical waveguide structure that is formed by stacking three monochromatic optical waveguides and capable of color optical information projection can also be used. For another example, various optical structures capable of projecting divergent light beams can be used as the divergent light projection unit of this patent. At the same time, various orthogonal characteristics that can be used can also be used in this patent. Accordingly, all relevant embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. Optical waveguide display module assembly based on one-dimensional light beam that diverges, its characterized in that includes:

a divergent light beam projection unit (10), the divergent light beam projection unit (10) projecting M divergent light beams, wherein m+.1;

an optical waveguide structure (30), the optical waveguide structure (30) comprising a first reflective surface (302 a) and a second reflective surface (302 b), and guiding an incident ray propagation from the divergent light beam with the first reflective surface (302 a) and the second reflective surface (302 b);

A divergence angle vertical constraint device (20) disposed between the divergent light beam projection unit (10) and the optical waveguide structure (30) for modulating and guiding light rays from the same divergent light beam, so that light rays in any vertical plane enter the optical waveguide structure at a divergence angle of less than or equal to 10 DEG, and light rays in one plane perpendicular to the vertical plane enter the optical waveguide structure at a divergence angle of >10 DEG, wherein the vertical plane refers to a plane containing a normal line of the reflecting surface;

a converging device (40), wherein the converging device (40) is positioned at a position corresponding to the optical waveguide structure (30) to modulate the light rays from the same divergent light beam propagating through the optical waveguide structure (30) so as to converge the light rays from the same divergent light beam to a corresponding visual area;

and the control device (50) is connected with the divergent light beam projection unit (10), and the control device (50) controls light information carried by each light ray to be projection information of a propagation path of a scene to be displayed when the light ray enters the corresponding view.

2. The optical waveguide display module according to claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide structure (30) further comprises an optical waveguide (301), an entrance pupil (303), a coupling device (304), a coupling-out device (305), an exit pupil (306) between the first reflective surface (302 a) and the second reflective surface (302 b);

After entering the coupling-in device (304) through the entrance pupil (303), the light from the divergence angle vertical constraint device (20) is transmitted to the coupling-out device (305) based on the reflection of the first reflecting surface (302 a) or/and the second reflecting surface (302 b) in the optical waveguide (301), and is regulated by the coupling-out device (305) and exits through the exit pupil (306).

3. The optical waveguide display module according to claim 2, wherein the converging means (50) is replaced by the outcoupling means (305), the outcoupling means (305) being capable of converging light rays transmitted to the outcoupling means (305) to a corresponding viewing zone.

4. The optical waveguide display module set based on one-dimensional diverging light beams as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the optical waveguide structure (30) further comprises a phase compensation unit (307), the phase compensation unit (307) being arranged to counteract the effect of the optical waveguide structure (30) on the incident ambient light.

5. The optical waveguide display module set based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 1, wherein the divergent angle vertical constraint device (20) is a cylindrical lens with a curved long axis, or a combination structure of a two-dimensional collimating lens and a one-dimensional divergent lens, or a two-dimensional micro-nano structure device.

6. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 1, further comprising a pupil tracking unit (80), wherein the pupil is connected to the control device (50) and is used for tracking and positioning the pupil position of the observer in real time;

The display module is arranged to be able to project only the visual zone corresponding to the pupil position under the control of the control device (50) according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit (80).

7. The one-dimensional divergent light beam based optical waveguide display module according to claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary guiding device (90), the auxiliary guiding device (90) being interposed between the divergent light beam projection unit (10) and the optical waveguide structure (30) to guide the incidence of each light ray to the optical waveguide structure (30) via the divergent angle vertical confinement device (20).

8. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beam as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a controllable deflection device (70) placed in the light propagation path after said diverging angle vertical confinement device (20) along the light transmission direction;

the controllable deflection device (70) can deflect incident light under the control of the control device (50) and guide light rays from the same divergent light beam to converge towards different positions so as to respectively form different visual areas.

9. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 8, further comprising a pupil tracking unit (80), wherein the pupil is connected to the control device (50) and is used for tracking and positioning the pupil position of the observer in real time;

The display module is arranged to be capable of projecting only the visual zone corresponding to the pupil position under the control of the control device (50) according to the pupil position determined by the pupil tracking unit (80).

10. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beams according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein each light ray projected by the diverging light projection unit (10) carries light information.

11. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 10, wherein the divergent light projection unit (10) comprises M laser scanning projection structures (101) in signal connection with a control device (40);

the laser scanning projection unit (101) comprises a scanning device (1011) and a modulated light generating unit (1012), wherein the emergent light of the modulated light generating unit (1012) is deflected and emergent by the scanning device (1011) in a time sequence to form a divergent light beam, and the modulated light generating unit (1012) modulates each emergent light under the driving of a control device (50) to load optical information.

12. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 10, wherein the divergent light projection unit (10) includes a display screen (1021), an aperture unit (1022) including M apertures, and a modulation device (1023) that condenses outgoing light of the display screen (1021) toward the aperture unit (1022);

The display screen (1021) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and the display screen (1021) is driven by the control device (50) to load optical information.

13. The optical waveguide display module set based on one-dimensional divergent light beam according to claim 10, wherein the divergent light projection unit (10) includes a display screen (1021), an aperture unit (1022) including M apertures, and a micro-nano regulating device (1031) composed of a micro-nano regulating unit;

the display screen (1021) comprises M groups of pixels or sub-pixels, each micro-nano regulating unit of the micro-nano regulating device (1031) corresponds to each pixel or each sub-pixel of the display screen (1021) one by one, emergent light of the M groups of pixels or sub-pixels of the display screen (1021) is guided to be projected to M apertures of the aperture unit (1022) respectively, and the display screen (1021) is driven by the control device (50) to carry out optical information loading.

14. The optical waveguide display module set based on one-dimensional divergent light beam of claim 10, wherein the divergent light projection unit (10) includes a display screen (1021), a light source unit (1041) including M light sources, and an imaging device (1042) imaging the M light sources of the light source unit (1041);

the display screen (1021) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, M light sources of the light source unit (1041) project backlight to the display screen (1021), and the display screen (1021) is driven by the control device (50) to load optical information.

15. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beam as claimed in claim 10, wherein the diverging light projection unit (10) comprises M projection units (105);

the projection unit (105) comprises a display screen (1021), a filtering aperture (1051) and a modulation device (1023) for converging the emergent light of the display screen (1021) to the filtering aperture (1051), wherein the display screen (1021) is driven by the control device (50) to carry out optical information loading, and the display screen (1021) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels.

16. The one-dimensional divergent light beam based optical waveguide display module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a backlight type display device (60), the backlight type display device (60) being placed in the light transmission path after the divergent angle vertical confinement device (20) in the light transmission direction;

the backlight type display device (60) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and is driven by the control device (50) to load optical information.

17. The one-dimensional divergent light beam based optical waveguide display module of claim 16, wherein the divergent light projection unit (10) comprises a backlight plate (1061) and an aperture unit (1022) comprising M apertures, wherein the backlight plate (1061) projects the backlight to the aperture unit (1022).

18. The optical waveguide display module set based on one-dimensional diverging light beam as claimed in claim 16, wherein the diverging light projection unit (10) is a light source unit (1071) including M point light sources.

19. The optical waveguide display module based on one-dimensional diverging light beam as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein more than one optical waveguide structure (30) is stacked, each optical waveguide structure (30) being respectively configured with a corresponding emitted light beam projection unit (10) and a divergence angle vertical confinement device (20).

Images