CN116428915B - High-performance composite material shell, processing method and bullet using shell - Google Patents
High-performance composite material shell, processing method and bullet using shellInfo
- Publication number
- CN116428915B CN116428915B CN202310452407.7A CN202310452407A CN116428915B CN 116428915 B CN116428915 B CN 116428915B CN 202310452407 A CN202310452407 A CN 202310452407A CN 116428915 B CN116428915 B CN 116428915B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cartridge case
- shell
- composite material
- pressure cylinder
- continuous pressure
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/006—Producing casings, e.g. accumulator cases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高性能复合材料弹壳、加工方法及应用该弹壳的子弹，其中高性能复合材料弹壳的材质为复合材料，所述复合材料包括热固性或热塑性的基体材料和纤维材料，所述纤维材料包括玄武岩纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维和芳纶纤维中的至少一种。本申请的高性能复合材料弹壳，为了消除塑料壳体在子弹射击时发生炸膛、壳体破裂等现象，采用轻质高强玄武岩纤维复合材料、聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料替换原有弹壳使其在满足弹壳使用性能的同时减轻制品的整体重量，以达到轻量化的目的。
This invention discloses a high-performance composite material cartridge case, a processing method, and a bullet using the cartridge case. The high-performance composite material cartridge case is made of composite materials, which include a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix material and a fiber material. The fiber material includes at least one of basalt fiber, polyimide fiber, and aramid fiber. To eliminate phenomena such as barrel explosion and cartridge case rupture during bullet firing, the high-performance composite material cartridge case of this application uses lightweight, high-strength basalt fiber composite material, polyimide fiber composite material, or aramid fiber composite material to replace the original cartridge case. This reduces the overall weight of the product while still meeting the performance requirements of the cartridge case, thus achieving the goal of lightweighting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bullet shells, in particular to a high-performance composite material bullet shell, a processing method and a bullet using the bullet shell.
Background
The bullet consists of four parts of a bullet head, a propellant charge, a primer and a bullet shell, the traditional bullet has simple style, single function and multiple manufacturing procedures, so that the bullet has long forming period, the traditional bullet shell takes brass and steel as raw materials, the traditional bullet shell has high price and heavy mass, almost occupies half of the total bullet weight, the metal bullet shell, especially the steel bullet shell, has poor reusability, causes great waste, and cannot meet the actual requirements of modern combat scale.
The composite material shell not only can reduce the cost of the bullet, but also can effectively lighten the weight of the shell and reduce the waste of materials, and accords with the environment-friendly energy-saving strategy and resource strategy of replacing steel with plastic.
Development of composite material cartridge cases has been advanced to some extent, but the application of the composite material cartridge cases is not mature enough, and some problems remain to be discussed, mainly in the following aspects.
1) The cost is high. In one aspect, the shell of the bullet is made of plastic, but the firing base is still made of brass. On the other hand, some bullet forming materials are completely replaced by composite materials, and most of forming materials adopted for meeting the use performance are engineering plastics or special plastics, so that the cost is high and the cost is increased.
2) The use has potential safety hazard. The traditional common bullet is made of all-metal materials or the base is made of metal materials, so that the phenomena of explosion, fracture and the like of the bullet are avoided during shooting, but the shell is extremely easy to explode or fracture during shooting after the composite material is used for replacing the metal materials, and therefore, the body of a user is damaged to a certain extent.
Therefore, we propose a new high performance composite cartridge case to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance composite material shell, a processing method and a bullet using the shell.
The invention is realized in the following way:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high performance composite material cartridge case, wherein the material of the cartridge case is a composite material, the composite material comprises a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix material and a fiber material, and the fiber material comprises at least one of basalt fiber, polyimide fiber and aramid fiber.
In an alternative embodiment, the shell comprises a shell barrel and a detonation hole positioned on the shell barrel, wherein a continuous pressure barrel is arranged at one end, close to the detonation hole, in the shell barrel, and the continuous pressure barrel is made of a composite material.
In an alternative embodiment, the matrix material of the continuous pressure cylinder is liquid resin, and the mass fraction of the matrix material in the continuous pressure cylinder is 60-70%.
In an alternative embodiment, the fiber material in the continuous pressure cylinder is basalt fiber plain cloth or basalt fiber twill cloth, and the surface density is 200-500g/m 2.
In an alternative embodiment, the molding material in the shell is a solid composite material.
In an alternative embodiment, the volume fraction of fibers in the shell is 30-50%.
In an alternative embodiment, the casing is provided with a first casing section, a second casing section and a third casing section in sequence along a direction away from the detonation hole, the wall thicknesses of the first casing section, the second casing section and the third casing section are gradually reduced, and the continuous pressure cylinder is positioned in the first casing section.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for processing a high performance composite material cartridge case according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising continuous pressure cylinder forming and shell cylinder forming;
The continuous pressure cylinder is formed by compression molding or wet molding, the shell cylinder is formed by injection molding, and then the continuous pressure cylinder and the shell cylinder are assembled, or the continuous pressure cylinder is formed by compression molding or wet molding, and then the shell is obtained by taking the continuous pressure cylinder as an insert and adopting an insert injection molding mode.
In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises:
Coating liquid resin on the surface of basalt fiber plain cloth, pre-curing for 1-2 hours at 35-45 ℃, and then performing compression molding or wet molding to obtain a continuous pressure cylinder;
and taking the continuous pressure cylinder as an insert, and integrally injection molding by adopting an insert injection molding process at 270-290 ℃ to obtain the high-performance composite material cartridge case.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a bullet comprising a high performance composite casing as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
In order to eliminate the phenomena of explosion, shell cracking and the like of the plastic shell when the bullet is shot, the high-performance composite material shell adopts the lightweight high-strength basalt fiber composite material, the polyimide fiber composite material and the aramid fiber composite material to replace the original shell so as to reduce the whole weight of the product while meeting the service performance of the shell, thereby achieving the purpose of light weight.
The cartridge case is made of basalt fiber composite materials, polyimide fiber composite materials and aramid fiber composite materials, so that light weight research in the field of anti-service equipment can be greatly spanned, the weight of products can be firstly reduced, the load of users is reduced, the logistic pressure is relieved, materials are secondly saved, consumption of steel and expensive brass materials is avoided, requirements on high-precision machining of copper parts and steel parts are further avoided, production cost is reduced, ammunition consistency can be improved by using an injection molding process, accuracy is guaranteed, and finally the cartridge case made of the composite materials can guarantee higher muzzle initial speed, and can keep the rifling pressure in a higher range, which is unattainable by brass and other metal products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a continuous pressure cylinder in example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the casing in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of comparative example 1 after firing of the shell;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a stress distribution of the aluminum alloy shell of comparative example 2 at a rifling pressure of 221 MPa;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the strain distribution of the aluminum alloy shell of comparative example 2 at a rifling pressure of 221 MPa;
FIG. 6 is a stress distribution diagram of the barrel of example 1 at a bore pressure of 221 MPa;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the strain distribution of the cartridge of example 1 at a bore pressure of 221 MPa;
FIG. 8 is a physical view of a composite continuous pressure cylinder according to the present application;
FIG. 9 is a physical view of a composite material shell according to the present application;
FIG. 10 is a physical view of a shell obtained by a PA66 shell cylinder and a carbon fiber continuous pressure cylinder;
FIG. 11 is a physical view of a shell obtained by a PA66+40% long basalt fiber shell cylinder+carbon fiber continuous pressure cylinder;
FIG. 12 is a physical view of a shell obtained by a PA66+40% long glass fiber shell cylinder + carbon fiber continuous pressure cylinder;
FIG. 13 is a physical view of a shell obtained by a PA66 shell and basalt fiber continuous pressure cylinder;
fig. 14 is a shell physical diagram of a PA66+40% long basalt fiber shell cylinder + basalt fiber continuous pressure cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The embodiment provides a composite material shell, wherein the shell is made of a composite material, the composite material comprises a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix material and a fiber material, and the fiber material comprises at least one of basalt fiber, polyimide fiber and aramid fiber.
In order to eliminate the phenomena of explosion, shell cracking and the like of the plastic shell when the bullet is shot, the high-performance composite material shell adopts the lightweight high-strength basalt fiber composite material, the polyimide composite material and the aramid fiber composite material to replace the original shell so as to reduce the whole weight of the product while meeting the service performance of the shell, thereby achieving the purpose of light weight.
In some embodiments of the application, the cartridge case comprises a case barrel and a detonation hole positioned on the case barrel, wherein a continuous pressure barrel is arranged at one end, close to the detonation hole, in the case barrel, and the continuous pressure barrel is made of a composite material.
In order to eliminate the phenomena of explosion, shell cracking and the like of the existing plastic shell when a bullet shoots, the original metal base is replaced by a lightweight high-strength basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder so as to bear most of the rifling pressure generated when the product is used.
In some embodiments of the application, the continuous pressure cylinder is obtained by compression molding or wet molding.
The basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder can resist burst impact, and the compression molding or wet molding mode is more beneficial to improving the burst impact resistance of the continuous pressure cylinder. The compression molding process can mold the continuous pressure cylinder at one time, has accurate size, smooth surface and good appearance and repeatability of the size of the continuous pressure cylinder, and can realize mechanized and automatic mass production. In addition, the composite material continuous pressure cylinder has a simple structure, has no high requirement on appearance, and is more convenient to use compression molding or wet molding.
In some embodiments of the present application, the matrix material of the continuous pressure cylinder is liquid resin, and the mass fraction of the matrix material in the continuous pressure cylinder is 60-70%, for example, the matrix material may be epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, etc.
In some embodiments of the present application, the fiber material in the continuous pressure cylinder is basalt fiber plain cloth or basalt fiber twill cloth, and the surface density is 200-500g/m 2, for example, may be 200g/m 2、300g/m2、400g/m2、500g/m2, etc.
In some embodiments of the present application, the continuous pressure cylinder is obtained by coating liquid resin on the surface of basalt fiber and then performing compression molding or wet molding.
In some embodiments of the application, the shell is obtained by injection molding, or the shell is obtained by insert injection molding with the continuous pressure cylinder as an insert.
The composite material molding shell cylinder is selected, so that the use performance of the shell is met, and the whole weight of the product is reduced, so that the purpose of light weight is achieved. Because the continuous pressure cylinder belongs to a thermosetting composite material, the shell cylinder belongs to a thermoplastic material, the shell belongs to a precision product, and the connection between the shell and the shell cannot be welded or perforated, the research project adopts an insert injection molding process. Insert molding refers to a molding method in which a prepared special material insert is filled in a mold, then resin is injected, and the molten resin and the insert are combined and solidified to prepare an integrated product. The insert molding process is used for tightly connecting the continuous pressure cylinder and the shell cylinder without generating the defect of gaps, and on the other hand, the coaxiality of the 2 products is ensured, and the capability of the continuous pressure cylinder for bearing most of the rifling generated during bullet shooting is ensured to be exerted to the greatest extent.
In addition, the continuous pressure cylinder and the shell cylinder can be formed through insert injection molding, so that the consistency of products is improved during mass production to ensure the precision of the products, and automatic, standardized and large-scale mass production can be realized.
In some embodiments of the present application, the molding material in the shell is a solid plastic or a solid composite material, for example, may be polypropylene, nylon, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.
In some embodiments of the application, the basalt fiber volume fraction in the shell is 30-50%, such as 30%,35%,40%,45% or 50%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the casing is sequentially provided with a first casing section, a second casing section and a third casing section along a direction away from the explosion initiating hole, the wall thicknesses of the first casing section, the second casing section and the third casing section are gradually reduced, and the continuous pressure casing is located in the first casing section.
According to the stress condition of the shell, the wall thickness of the shell is adjusted in a targeted manner, so that phenomena such as explosion and fracture are avoided when bullets shoot.
Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing the basalt fiber composite material cartridge case according to any one of the preceding claims, including continuous pressure cylinder molding and shell cylinder molding;
The continuous pressure cylinder is formed by compression molding or wet molding, the shell cylinder is formed by injection molding, and then the continuous pressure cylinder and the shell cylinder are assembled, or the continuous pressure cylinder is formed by compression molding or wet molding, and then the shell is obtained by taking the continuous pressure cylinder as an insert and adopting an insert injection molding mode.
In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises:
Coating liquid resin on the surface of basalt fiber, pre-curing for 1-2 hours at 35-45 ℃, and then performing compression molding or wet molding to obtain a continuous pressure cylinder;
And taking the continuous pressure cylinder as an insert, and integrally injection molding by adopting an insert injection molding process at 270-290 ℃ to obtain the basalt fiber composite material shell.
Another embodiment of the application provides a bullet comprising a casing according to any one of the preceding claims.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a basalt fiber composite material shell case, the shell case includes a shell section of thick bamboo and is located the detonation hole on the shell section of thick bamboo, be provided with continuous pressure tube in the shell section of thick bamboo near the one end of detonation hole.
The structure of the continuous pressure cylinder is shown in figure 1, and can be used for replacing a metal base of a traditional bullet, so that the defects of explosion, cracking and the like of the bullet can be avoided during shooting, the whole weight of the bullet is reduced, the outer diameter D of the continuous pressure cylinder is phi 18.8mm, the inner diameter D of the continuous pressure cylinder is phi 17.5mm, and the whole height h of the continuous pressure cylinder is 18.9mm. The basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder processing method in the embodiment comprises the steps of preparing the basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder in a compression molding mode due to the fact that the structure of the composite material continuous pressure cylinder is simple and has no high requirement on appearance, specifically, selecting basalt fiber plain cloth with the surface density of 300g/m 2, uniformly coating the basalt fiber plain cloth with the prepared epoxy resin on the basalt fiber plain cloth, fully soaking the basalt fiber plain cloth, layering the basalt fiber plain cloth in a circumferential and axial mode, enabling the number of layering of the continuous pressure cylinder to be 3, pre-curing the fiber cloth coated with the epoxy resin for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, and then adopting compression molding to obtain the basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder.
The structure of the shell is shown in figure 2, wherein the total length L of the shell is 65mm, the diameter D of the bottom edge is phi 22.45mm, the diameter D 1 of the bottom edge is phi 20.55mm, the outer diameter D 2 of the shell opening is phi 20.15mm, the inner diameter D of the bottom edge is phi 17.5mm, the inner diameter D 1 of the shell is phi 18.47mm, and the thickness h of the bottom edge is 1.81mm. The bullet shell almost occupies half of the total bullet weight, plays roles of safety protection, support, connection and containment, protection of bullet chambers and the like, and adopts PA66 plus 40 percent basalt fiber long cutting material as a shell barrel forming material. The processing method of the basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder in the embodiment comprises the following steps of integrally injection molding the basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder at 280 ℃ by adopting an insert injection molding process to obtain a basalt fiber composite material cartridge case product. Compared with the traditional shell forming material, the embodiment forms the shell barrel by utilizing the characteristics of high modulus, high strength, instantaneous high temperature resistance, no toxicity and the like of basalt fibers, meets the service performance requirements of bullets, integrates the continuous pressure barrel and the shell barrel by utilizing an insert molding process in the aspect of the forming process, can reduce the difference between products, improves the production efficiency, and is shown in a physical diagram 8 and a physical diagram 9 of the obtained continuous pressure barrel and the shell barrel.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, long glass fiber is selected as a reinforcing material, the mass fraction of the glass fiber is 50%, nylon 66 is selected as a matrix material, and injection molding is carried out at 260-280 ℃ to form a composite material shell, wherein the specific structure is the same as that of the shell barrel in the example 1. The bullet is blasted in the shooting process, and as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the bullet shell is cracked, and the bullet shell is rapidly torn along the bottom crack by inner high pressure after the bullet is disassembled by a firearm and the shape of the broken bullet shell is analyzed, because the convex flange edge of the bottom of the bullet shell is rapidly hooked by the bullet shell drag hook in the moment, the stress concentration is serious at the joint position of the bottom edge and the side edge, and the bullet shell is firstly torn from the position.
Comparative example 2
The specific structure of the shell in this comparative example is the same as the structure of the shell in example 1, and the material is an aluminum alloy material.
Experimental example CAE analysis
(1) Material performance parameter table
Table 1 parameters of aluminium alloy in comparative example 2 and PA66+40% long basalt fiber material in example 1
TABLE 2 parameters of 300g/m 2 basalt fiber plain weave cloth material
| Project | Unit (B) | 300G/m 2 basalt fiber plain cloth |
| Tensile Strength | MPa | 479 |
| Mass per unit area | g/m2 | 300 |
| Water content | % | 0.01 |
| Combustible content | % | 0.60 |
(2) Load condition of
The loading chamber pressure was gradually increased from 0 until the stress or strain of the aluminum alloy case exceeded the allowable value, and then the stress strain conditions of the aluminum alloy case and the continuous pressure cylinder in example 1 under the pressure to which the aluminum alloy case was most subjected were analyzed. After analysis, it was found that the maximum allowable stress of the aluminum alloy material was reached when the applied rift pressure reached 221MPa, and the analysis results of the stress strain conditions of the aluminum alloy cartridge case in comparative example 2 and the continuous pressure cylinder in example 1 were compared with those shown in table 3 below and fig. 4 to 7.
TABLE 3 comparison of results of stress strain analysis
According to the simulation analysis data, when the composite material cartridge case rift pressure in the example 1 reaches the same as that in the aluminum alloy cartridge case of the comparative example 2, only the innermost layer of the continuous pressure cylinder with the number of 3 layers is damaged, and the whole cartridge case is not cracked and damaged. I.e. the continuous pressure cylinder is subjected to most of the rifling pressure generated when the bullet is fired, is sufficient to demonstrate the feasibility of the solution of adding a continuous pressure cylinder in the first cylinder section.
The application also compares the material of each successive pressure cylinder and shell, wherein the shells differ from example 1 only in the material, and observations of shells of different material successive pressure cylinders and shell combinations are shown in table 4 below and figures 10-14.
TABLE 4 comparison of different materials for the case
As can be seen from fig. 10 to 14, compared with the basalt fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder, the cartridge case prepared by the carbon fiber composite material continuous pressure cylinder has defects, and may crack or break, whether PA66 or long glass fiber is used as the case or continuous pressure cylinder, or no continuous pressure cylinder, and the obtained cartridge case is damaged in the bundling experiment, and has far lower performance than the basalt fiber composite material.
TABLE 5 comparison of various properties of different fibers
The performance comparison among basalt fiber, polyimide fiber and aramid fiber is shown in the table 5, and the performance difference of the 3 fibers is not great, so that the weight of the composite material shell can be reduced while the service performance of the composite material shell is ensured, and the production cost is reduced.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN202310452407.7A CN116428915B (en) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | High-performance composite material shell, processing method and bullet using shell |
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| CN202310452407.7A CN116428915B (en) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | High-performance composite material shell, processing method and bullet using shell |
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| CN116428915B true CN116428915B (en) | 2025-11-28 |
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| SE2451069A1 (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2025-05-10 | Plast Prod Eng Ppe Ood | Polymer chamber, method for its production and use |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202014002165U1 (en) * | 2014-03-08 | 2014-04-10 | AFEX GmbH | Sports and hunting weapon ammunition with cartridge cases made of basalt fibers filled plastics |
| CN111595207A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-08-28 | 湖南天合终极防务科技实业有限公司 | a bullet |
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| US8156870B2 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2012-04-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Lightweight cartridge case |
| US8277933B1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-10-02 | Uab Research Foundation | Long fiber thermoplastic thin-walled baseplates for missile applications and methods of manufacture |
| CN106017235B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-12-29 | 宜宾伊力科技股份有限公司 | A kind of plastic housing bullet for having fixed fiery platform and integral embedded type |
| CN212931194U (en) * | 2020-07-12 | 2021-04-09 | 中国人民解放军63850部队 | Full-bore boat-shaped semi-stealthy grenade with improved bomb bottom support |
| CN215639090U (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-01-25 | 深圳市栢迪科技有限公司 | Novel plastic bullet shell |
| CN115256796B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-09 | 四川纤谷塑业有限公司 | Forming process of basalt fiber composite material |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202014002165U1 (en) * | 2014-03-08 | 2014-04-10 | AFEX GmbH | Sports and hunting weapon ammunition with cartridge cases made of basalt fibers filled plastics |
| CN111595207A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-08-28 | 湖南天合终极防务科技实业有限公司 | a bullet |
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