CN116405360A - High data rate carrier index differential chaos keying modulation and demodulation method and system based on scrambling matrix - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信信号处理技术领域,特别涉及一种基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法与系统。The invention relates to the technical field of communication signal processing, in particular to a high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method and system based on a scrambling matrix.
背景技术Background technique
混沌数字调制技术不但可以保留传统扩频通信系统具有的低截获概率和减轻多径效应等特性,而且还在许多其他方面表现出了独特的优势,例如可以降低系统的硬件成本,提升通信安全性,适合在多用户环境中有效区分不同用户,并且能够提高扩频通信系统的性能。Chaotic digital modulation technology can not only retain the characteristics of low intercept probability and reduce multipath effect of traditional spread spectrum communication system, but also show unique advantages in many other aspects, such as reducing the hardware cost of the system and improving communication security , which is suitable for effectively distinguishing different users in a multi-user environment, and can improve the performance of spread spectrum communication systems.
由于目前缺乏可靠、有效的方法在接收端实现混沌同步,现有的混沌数字调制解调方法大多基于传输参考方法,即把载波信号和携带信息的信号都发送给接收端。其中,差分混沌移位键控(Differential Chaos Shift Keying, DCSK)调制解调方法无需完成信道估计,能够获得较好的误码性能,在许多实际应用场合下(即:包括无线个人局域网、无线传感器网络等)都表现出了很强的竞争力。但是,为保证参考信号和信息信号之间正交,DCSK在不同的时间段内传输这两种信号,因而发射端和接收端都必须使用延时单元。在超宽带传输时,采用现有工艺集成模拟延时单元几乎不可能,数字方式实现的延时单元则将消耗巨大的功率。Because there is no reliable and effective method to achieve chaos synchronization at the receiving end, most of the existing chaotic digital modulation and demodulation methods are based on the transmission reference method, that is, both the carrier signal and the information-carrying signal are sent to the receiving end. Among them, the differential chaos shift keying (Differential Chaos Shift Keying, DCSK) modulation and demodulation method does not need to complete channel estimation, and can obtain better bit error performance. In many practical applications (ie: including wireless personal area network, wireless sensor network, etc.) have shown strong competitiveness. However, in order to ensure the orthogonality between the reference signal and the information signal, DCSK transmits the two signals in different time periods, so both the transmitting end and the receiving end must use a delay unit. In ultra-wideband transmission, it is almost impossible to integrate an analog delay unit using existing technology, and a delay unit implemented in a digital mode will consume huge power.
针对上述问题,多载波差分混沌移位键控(Multi-Carrier Differential ChaosShift Keying, MC-DCSK)调制解调方法使用多个子载波来同时传输参考信号和多路信息信号,通过不同的子载波来区分参考信号和各路信息信号。在所有的子载波中,只有1个子载波被分配给参考信号,而余下所有的子载波均被分配给信息信号,且每1路信息信号占据1个子载波。虽然MC-DCSK消除了收发设备中的延时单元,但是MC-DCSK的比特误码率仍然偏高,比特误码性能与安全性均不够理想。In response to the above problems, the Multi-Carrier Differential ChaosShift Keying (MC-DCSK) modulation and demodulation method uses multiple subcarriers to transmit reference signals and multiple information signals at the same time, and distinguishes them through different subcarriers. Reference signal and various information signals. Among all the subcarriers, only one subcarrier is assigned to the reference signal, and all the remaining subcarriers are assigned to the information signal, and each information signal occupies one subcarrier. Although MC-DCSK eliminates the delay unit in the transceiver equipment, the bit error rate of MC-DCSK is still high, and the bit error performance and security are not ideal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一是提供一种基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控系统,以解决现有调制解调方法数据速率不高、安全性不理想、能效偏低及比特误码率偏高的问题。One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying system based on a scrambling matrix to solve the problem of low data rate, unsatisfactory security, low energy efficiency and bit errors in existing modulation and demodulation methods. The problem of high code rate.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法,总的来说,在发送端:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on scrambling matrix, in general, at the sending end:
先将待传输的信息经过串并转换为N组平行信息,并将每组信息分成P个索引比特和1个调制比特;First convert the information to be transmitted into N groups of parallel information through serial parallel conversion, and divide each group of information into P index bits and 1 modulation bit;
利用混沌发生器产生混沌参考信号并重复多次,将重复后的混沌参考信号与载波相乘,生成Hadamard矩阵,从中选择每行作为Walsh码;Use the chaotic generator to generate a chaotic reference signal and repeat it multiple times, multiply the repeated chaotic reference signal with the carrier to generate a Hadamard matrix, and select each row as a Walsh code;
将索引比特通过索引映射器选择2P个载波中的1个载波进行信息比特传送,将调制比特经极性转换器转换为调制符号后再与前者进行差分混沌键控调制,将差分混沌键控调制后的信号与Walsh码相乘后再与重复后的混沌参考信号相加,最后经置乱器进行置乱,得到发送端的发送信号,将其发送到信道中;The index bits are selected by the index mapper to select one of the 2 P carriers for information bit transmission, the modulation bits are converted into modulation symbols by the polarity converter, and then differential chaotic keying modulation is performed with the former, and the differential chaotic keying The modulated signal is multiplied by the Walsh code and then added to the repeated chaotic reference signal, and finally scrambled by the scrambler to obtain the sending signal of the sending end and send it to the channel;
在接收端:On the receiving end:
将接收到的信号先经过解置乱器进行处理,再经过多载波解调,分别恢复出参考信号和N路信息信号;The received signal is first processed by a descrambler, and then multi-carrier demodulated to restore the reference signal and N information signals respectively;
获取分段平均后的参考信号序列,将其与N路信息信号序列分别进行矩阵相乘,再利用能量比较器解调出索引比特,通过阈值判决恢复出调制比特,最后经过并串转换输出原信息。Obtain the segmentally averaged reference signal sequence, perform matrix multiplication with N information signal sequences, and then use the energy comparator to demodulate the index bits, restore the modulated bits through threshold judgment, and finally output the original signal through parallel-to-serial conversion. information.
具体而言,在发送端,信号调制包括以下步骤:Specifically, at the sending end, signal modulation includes the following steps:
1)对输入的信息信号进行串并转换,分成N组信息,每组信息包括P位索引比特和1位调制比特两个部分;1) Perform serial-to-parallel conversion on the input information signal, and divide it into N groups of information, each group of information includes two parts: P-bit index bit and 1-bit modulation bit;
2)将N组索引比特通过索引映射器,从2P个载波中选择一个载波进行传输;2) Pass N sets of index bits through the index mapper, and select a carrier from 2 P carriers for transmission;
3)利用混沌发生器生成长度为θ的Logistic混沌参考信号,并重复R次;3) Use the chaotic generator to generate a Logistic chaotic reference signal with a length of θ, and repeat it R times;
4)将N组调制比特经过极性转换器转换为调制符号后与步骤2)的结果进行相乘,再与重复后的混沌信号相乘;4) After converting N groups of modulation bits into modulation symbols through a polarity converter, multiply by the result of step 2), and then multiply by the repeated chaotic signal;
5)将重复后的混沌信号与载波相乘;5) Multiply the repeated chaotic signal with the carrier;
6)产生Hadamard矩阵,从中选择每行作为Walsh码;6) Generate a Hadamard matrix, from which each row is selected as a Walsh code;
7)将步骤4的结果与Walsh码相乘,再与步骤3的混沌参考信号相加;7) Multiply the result of
8)将步骤7的结果经过置乱器进行置乱,得到发送端的发送信号。8) Scramble the result of step 7 through the scrambler to obtain the sending signal of the sending end.
其中,在接收端,信号解调包括以下步骤:Wherein, at the receiving end, signal demodulation includes the following steps:
9)将接收到的信号通过解置乱器进行处理;9) Process the received signal through the descrambler;
10)将步骤9所得信号与2P个同步的载波分别相乘,得到乘积信号;10) Multiply the signal obtained in step 9 with 2 P synchronized carriers to obtain the product signal;
11)对步骤10所得信号分别进行匹配滤波,对滤波后的2P路乘积信号进行时域采样;11) Matching filtering is performed on the signals obtained in
12)将步骤11得到的信息信号分别与各自对应的Walsh序列相乘,得到的结果再平均;12) Multiply the information signals obtained in step 11 with their corresponding Walsh sequences, and then average the results;
13)对步骤11得到的参考信号进行分段平均;13) Segmentally average the reference signal obtained in step 11;
14)将步骤13所得平均后的参考信号序列与步骤12所得N路信息信号序列分别相关,得到N个相关值;14) Correlate the averaged reference signal sequence obtained in step 13 with the N information signal sequences obtained in
15)将步骤14所得N个相关值分别经过N个能量比较器,得到具有最大绝对值的元素,从而解调出索引比特;15) Pass the N correlation values obtained in
16)将步骤14所得N个相关值分别经过N个能量比较器,再经过阈值判决,恢复出调制比特;16) Pass the N correlation values obtained in
17)将步骤15得到的索引比特和步骤16得到的调制比特组合后再进行并串转换,恢复出原信息信号。17) Combine the index bits obtained in step 15 and the modulated bits obtained in
另一方面,本发明还涉及一种基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控系统,其包括发射端和接收端,所述射端和接收端采用上面所述的方法对信号进行调制解调。On the other hand, the present invention also relates to a high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying system based on a scrambling matrix, which includes a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the transmitting end and the receiving end use the method described above to process the signal Modem.
确切来说,所述发射端是按照上面步骤1至步骤8的方法对输入的信息信号进行调制。To be precise, the transmitting end modulates the input information signal according to the method of
其中,所述接收端是按照上面步骤9至步骤17的方法对接收到的信号进行解调。Wherein, the receiving end demodulates the received signal according to the method of step 9 to step 17 above.
于本发明一实施例中,所述发送端包括:In an embodiment of the present invention, the sending end includes:
混沌信号发生器、脉冲成形滤波器、串并变换电路、重复电路、极性转换器、N个索引映射器、N*2P个载波乘法器、N个载波加法器、N个调制乘法器及N个Walsh序列乘法器;Chaotic signal generator, pulse shaping filter, serial-to-parallel conversion circuit, repetition circuit, polarity converter, N index mappers, N*2 P carrier multipliers, N carrier adders, N modulation multipliers and N Walsh sequence multipliers;
所述混沌信号发生器用于生成离散混沌参考信号序列;所述脉冲成形滤波器用于对混沌参考信号脉冲成形滤波,得到当前符号周期内的参考信号;所述串并变换电路用于将当前符号时间内要传输的串行数据比特转变为并行数据比特;所述重复电路用于对混沌信号进行重复,以降低噪声干扰;所述极性转换器用于将输入的调制比特转换为调制符号;所述N个索引映射器用于依据索引比特选择一个载波对信号进行传输;所述N*2P个载波乘法器用于将载波调制系数与载波相乘,实现载波索引调制;所述N个载波加法器用于将与载波相乘后的信号进行相加;所述N个调制乘法器用于将载波索引调制信号与调制比特相乘;所述N个Walsh序列乘法器用于将信息信号与N个Walsh码相乘。The chaotic signal generator is used to generate a discrete chaotic reference signal sequence; the pulse shaping filter is used to perform pulse shaping and filtering on the chaotic reference signal to obtain a reference signal in the current symbol period; the serial-to-parallel conversion circuit is used to convert the current symbol time The serial data bits to be transmitted are converted into parallel data bits; the repetition circuit is used to repeat the chaotic signal to reduce noise interference; the polarity converter is used to convert the input modulation bits into modulation symbols; the N index mappers are used to select a carrier according to the index bit to transmit the signal; the N*2 P carrier multipliers are used to multiply the carrier modulation coefficient with the carrier to realize carrier index modulation; the N carrier adders are used for The signals multiplied by the carrier are added; the N modulation multipliers are used to multiply the carrier index modulation signal and the modulation bit; the N Walsh sequence multipliers are used to multiply the information signal and N Walsh codes .
于本发明一实施例中,所述接收端包括:In an embodiment of the present invention, the receiving end includes:
2P个载波乘法器、2P个匹配滤波器、2P个采样开关、N个相关器、N个能量比较器、N个阈值判决器及并串变换电路;2 P carrier multipliers, 2 P matched filters, 2 P sampling switches, N correlators, N energy comparators, N threshold decision devices and parallel-to-serial conversion circuits;
所述2P个载波乘法器用于将2P个同步的子载波分别与接收的信号相乘,得到2P个乘积信号;所述2P个匹配滤波器用于对2P个乘积信号分别进行匹配滤波;所述2P个采样开关用于对匹配滤波后的2P个乘积信号分别进行时域采样,恢复出1路离散参考信号序列和2P路离散信息信号序列;所述N个相关器用于将恢复出的参考信号与信息信号分别相关;所述N个能量比较器用于将N路信号的能量各自进行比较,从而解调出索引比特;所述N个阈值判决器输出具有最大绝对值的元素;所述并串变换电路用于将所得N路索引比特和调制比特各自组合后再合并为1路串行解调数据比特并输出。The 2 P carrier multipliers are used to multiply the 2 P synchronous subcarriers with the received signals to obtain 2 P product signals; the 2 P matched filters are used to match the 2 P product signals respectively Filtering; the 2 P sampling switches are used to perform time-domain sampling on the 2 P product signals after matched filtering, and recover 1 discrete reference signal sequence and 2 P discrete information signal sequence; the N correlators use Correlating the recovered reference signal with the information signal; the N energy comparators are used to compare the energy of the N signals respectively, so as to demodulate the index bit; the output of the N threshold decision devices has the maximum absolute value elements; the parallel-to-serial conversion circuit is used to combine the obtained N paths of index bits and modulated bits respectively and then combine them into 1 path of serial demodulated data bits and output it.
相较于现有的差分混沌移位键控(DCSK)调制解调方法,本发明所提供的基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法能够在同一时段内传输考信号和信息信号,增加了系统的数据传输速率、能量效率以及保密性。另外,本发明在发送端采用了重复电路,接收端采用了平均处理,能够大大降低判决变量中的噪声分量,从而提高系统的比特误码性能。与此同时,由于本发明采用的方法能够避免在接收端、发射端中使用延时单元,进一步降低了接收端判决变量中的噪声分量,改善了系统的比特误码性能,从而能够获得较MC-DCSK调制解调方法更低的比特误码率。Compared with the existing differential chaotic shift keying (DCSK) modulation and demodulation method, the high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on the scrambling matrix provided by the present invention can transmit the Signals and information signals increase the data transfer rate, energy efficiency, and security of the system. In addition, the present invention adopts repetitive circuits at the sending end and average processing at the receiving end, which can greatly reduce the noise component in the decision variable, thereby improving the bit error performance of the system. At the same time, because the method adopted in the present invention can avoid using delay units in the receiving end and the transmitting end, further reduces the noise component in the decision variable of the receiving end, improves the bit error performance of the system, and thus can obtain a higher MC - Lower bit error rate of DCSK modulation and demodulation method.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1 为实施例所涉调制解调方法的流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of the modulation and demodulation method involved in the embodiment.
图2 为实施例中发送端(调制器)的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmitting end (modulator) in the embodiment.
图3 为实施例中接收端(解调器)的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the receiving end (demodulator) in the embodiment.
图4 为实施例所涉调制解调方法与现有的MCS-MDCSK方法在加性高斯白噪声信道中的误码性能对比图。Fig. 4 is a comparison chart of bit error performance between the modulation and demodulation method involved in the embodiment and the existing MCS-MDCSK method in an additive white Gaussian noise channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例与附图对本发明作进一步的说明。In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
总的来说,本发明是先将待传输的信息经过串并转换为N组平行信息,并将每组信息分成P个索引比特和1个调制比特;利用混沌发生器产生混沌参考信号并重复多次,将重复后的混沌参考信号与载波相乘,生成Hadamard矩阵,从中选择每行作为Walsh码;将索引比特通过索引映射器选择2P个载波中的1个载波进行信息比特传送,将调制比特经极性转换器转换为调制符号后再与前者进行差分混沌键控调制,将差分混沌键控调制后的信号与Walsh码相乘后再与重复后的混沌参考信号相加,最后经置乱器进行置乱,得到发送端的发送信号,将其发送到信道中;之后将接收到的信号先经过解置乱器进行处理,再经过多载波解调,分别恢复出参考信号和N路信息信号;通过获取分段平均后的参考信号序列,将其与N路信息信号序列分别进行矩阵相乘,再利用能量比较器解调出索引比特,通过阈值判决恢复出调制比特,最后经过并串转换输出原信息。In general, the present invention converts the information to be transmitted into N groups of parallel information through serial parallel conversion, and divides each group of information into P index bits and 1 modulation bit; uses a chaos generator to generate a chaos reference signal and repeats Multiple times, the repeated chaotic reference signal is multiplied by the carrier to generate a Hadamard matrix, and each row is selected as a Walsh code; the index bit is selected by the index mapper to select one of the 2 P carriers for information bit transmission, and the Modulation bits are converted into modulation symbols by a polarity converter, and then differential chaotic keying modulation is performed with the former. The signal modulated by differential chaotic keying is multiplied by Walsh code and then added to the repeated chaotic reference signal. The scrambler performs scrambling, obtains the sending signal from the sending end, and sends it to the channel; after that, the received signal is first processed by the descrambler, and then multi-carrier demodulation is performed to restore the reference signal and N-channel Information signal: By obtaining the reference signal sequence after segment average, matrix multiplication is performed on it and N-way information signal sequence, and then the index bit is demodulated by the energy comparator, and the modulated bit is recovered by the threshold judgment, and finally through the combination The string conversion outputs the original information.
图1示出了基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法的过程,主要包括如下步骤:Figure 1 shows the process of the high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on scrambling matrix, which mainly includes the following steps:
在发送端:On the sender side:
步骤1:对输入的信息信号进行串并转换,分成N组信息,每组信息包括P位索引比特和1位调制比特两个部分;Step 1: carry out serial-to-parallel conversion to the input information signal, be divided into N groups of information, each group of information includes two parts of P index bit and 1 modulation bit;
步骤2:将N组索引比特通过索引映射器,从2P个载波中选择一个载波进行传输;Step 2: select a carrier from 2 P carriers for transmission by passing N groups of index bits through the index mapper;
步骤3:利用混沌发生器生成长度为θ的Logistic混沌参考信号,并重复R次;Step 3: Utilize chaos generator to generate the Logistic chaos reference signal that length is θ, and repeat R times;
步骤4:将N组调制比特经过极性转换器转换为调制符号后与步骤2的结果进行相乘,再与重复后的混沌信号相乘;Step 4: multiply N groups of modulation bits with the result of
步骤5:将重复后的混沌信号x与载波f0相乘;Step 5: multiply the chaotic signal x after repetition with the carrier f 0 ;
步骤6:从产生的Hadamard矩阵中选择每行作为Walsh码;Step 6: select each row as the Walsh code from the Hadamard matrix produced;
步骤7:将步骤4的结果与Walsh码相乘,再与步骤3的混沌参考信号相加;Step 7: the result of
步骤8:将步骤7的结果经过置乱器进行置乱,得到发送端的发送信号。Step 8: Scrambling the result of step 7 through a scrambler to obtain a sending signal from the sending end.
在接收端:On the receiving end:
步骤9:将接收到的信号通过解置乱器进行处理;Step 9: process the received signal through the descrambler;
步骤10:将步骤9所得信号与2P个同步的载波分别相乘,得到乘积信号;Step 10: multiply step 9 gained signal and 2 P synchronous carriers respectively, obtain product signal;
步骤11:对步骤10所得信号分别进行匹配滤波,对滤波后的2P路乘积信号进行时域采样;Step 11: carry out matched filtering to step 10 gained signal respectively, carry out time-domain sampling to the 2P road product signal after filtering;
步骤12:将步骤11得到的信息信号分别与各自对应的Walsh序列相乘,得到的结果再平均;Step 12: the information signal that step 11 is obtained is multiplied with respectively corresponding Walsh sequence, the result that obtains averages again;
步骤13:对步骤11得到的参考信号进行分段平均;Step 13: the reference signal obtained in step 11 is averaged in sections;
步骤14:将步骤13所得平均后的参考信号序列与步骤12所得N路信息信号序列分别相关,得到N个相关值;Step 14: correlating the averaged reference signal sequence obtained in step 13 with the N path information signal sequence obtained in
步骤15:将步骤14所得N个相关值分别经过N个能量比较器,得到具有最大绝对值的元素,从而解调出索引比特;Step 15: N correlation values obtained in
步骤16:将步骤14所得N个相关值分别经过N个能量比较器,再经过阈值判决,恢复出调制比特;Step 16: N correlation values of
步骤17:将步骤15得到的索引比特和步骤16得到的调制比特组合后再进行并串转换,恢复出原信息信号。Step 17: Combining the index bits obtained in step 15 and the modulated bits obtained in
基于与上述调制解调方法相同的技术构思,本发明还提出一种基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控系统,该系统可利用上述方法对信号进行调制解调。Based on the same technical idea as the above modulation and demodulation method, the present invention also proposes a high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying system based on scrambling matrix, which can use the above method to modulate and demodulate signals.
图2示出了该系统中发送端(调制器)的具体结构,总体来看,其主要包括:混沌信号发生器、脉冲成形滤波器、串并变换电路、重复电路、极性转换器、N个索引映射器、N*2P个载波乘法器、N个载波加法器、N个调制乘法器及N个Walsh序列乘法器;其中,混沌信号发生器用于生成离散混沌参考信号序列,脉冲成形滤波器用于对混沌参考信号脉冲成形滤波,得到当前符号周期内的参考信号,串并变换电路用于将当前符号时间内要传输的串行数据比特转变为并行数据比特,重复电路用于对混沌信号进行重复,以降低噪声干扰,极性转换器用于将输入的调制比特转换为调制符号,N个索引映射器用于依据索引比特选择一个载波对信号进行传输,N*2P个载波乘法器用于将载波调制系数与载波相乘,实现载波索引调制,N个载波加法器用于将与载波相乘后的信号进行相加,N个调制乘法器用于将载波索引调制信号与调制比特相乘,N个Walsh序列乘法器用于将信息信号与N个Walsh码相乘。Figure 2 shows the specific structure of the transmitting end (modulator) in the system. Generally speaking, it mainly includes: chaotic signal generator, pulse shaping filter, serial-to-parallel conversion circuit, repeating circuit, polarity converter, N Index mappers, N*2 P carrier multipliers, N carrier adders, N modulation multipliers, and N Walsh sequence multipliers; among them, the chaotic signal generator is used to generate discrete chaotic reference signal sequences, pulse shaping filter The device is used to shape and filter the chaotic reference signal pulse to obtain the reference signal in the current symbol period. The serial-parallel conversion circuit is used to convert the serial data bits to be transmitted in the current symbol time into parallel data bits. The repetition circuit is used for the chaotic signal. Repeat to reduce noise interference, the polarity converter is used to convert the input modulation bit into a modulation symbol, N index mappers are used to select a carrier to transmit the signal according to the index bit, and N*2 P carrier multipliers are used. The carrier modulation coefficient is multiplied by the carrier to realize the carrier index modulation. N carrier adders are used to add the signal multiplied by the carrier. N modulation multipliers are used to multiply the carrier index modulation signal and the modulation bit. N A Walsh sequence multiplier is used to multiply the information signal with N Walsh codes.
图3示出了该系统中接收端(解调器)的具体结构,总体来看,其主要包括:2P个载波乘法器、2P个匹配滤波器、2P个采样开关、N个相关器、N个能量比较器、N个阈值判决器及并串变换电路。其中,2P个载波乘法器用于将2P个同步的子载波分别与接收的信号相乘,得到2P个乘积信号,2P个匹配滤波器用于对2P个乘积信号分别进行匹配滤波,2P个采样开关用于对匹配滤波后的2P个乘积信号分别进行时域采样,恢复出1路离散参考信号序列和2P路离散信息信号序列,N个相关器用于将恢复出的参考信号与信息信号分别相关, N个能量比较器用于将N路信号的能量各自进行比较,从而解调出索引比特,N个阈值判决器输出具有最大绝对值的元素,并串变换电路则用于将所得N路索引比特和调制比特各自组合后再合并为1路串行解调数据比特并输出。Figure 3 shows the specific structure of the receiving end (demodulator) in the system. Generally speaking, it mainly includes: 2 P carrier multipliers, 2 P matched filters, 2 P sampling switches, N correlation devices, N energy comparators, N threshold decision devices and parallel-to-serial conversion circuits. Among them, 2 P carrier multipliers are used to multiply 2 P synchronous sub-carriers with received signals respectively to obtain 2 P product signals, and 2 P matched filters are used to perform matched filtering on 2 P product signals respectively, 2 P sampling switches are used to perform time-domain sampling on the 2 P product signals after matched filtering to recover 1 discrete reference signal sequence and 2 P discrete information signal sequences, and N correlators are used to convert the recovered reference signal sequence The signal and the information signal are respectively correlated, and N energy comparators are used to compare the energy of the N signals, thereby demodulating the index bits, N threshold decision devices output the element with the largest absolute value, and the parallel-to-serial conversion circuit is used for The obtained N paths of index bits and modulated bits are respectively combined and then combined into one path of serial demodulated data bits and output.
在上述基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法中,由于能够在同一时段内传输考信号和信息信号,因而可以增加系统的数据传输速率、能量效率以及保密性。另外,由于系统在发送端采用了重复电路,接收端采用了平均处理,能够大大降低判决变量中的噪声分量,从而提高系统的比特误码性能。与此同时,由于系统在接收端、发射端中无需使用延时单元,理论上可以进一步降低接收端判决变量中的噪声分量,改善系统的比特误码性能,获得更低的比特误码率。In the high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on scrambling matrix, the data transmission rate, energy efficiency and confidentiality of the system can be increased because the test signal and information signal can be transmitted in the same period. In addition, because the system uses repetitive circuits at the sending end and averaging processing at the receiving end, the noise components in the decision variables can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the bit error performance of the system. At the same time, since the system does not need to use a delay unit in the receiving end and the transmitting end, theoretically, the noise component in the decision variable at the receiving end can be further reduced, the bit error performance of the system can be improved, and a lower bit error rate can be obtained.
为了验证上述基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法能否实质性地降低比特误码率,通过以下测试例进行验证测试,验证测试的过程设计如下:In order to verify whether the high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on scrambling matrix can substantially reduce the bit error rate, the verification test is carried out through the following test cases. The verification test process is designed as follows:
在发送端,对信号进行基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制:At the sending end, the signal is modulated by high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying based on scrambling matrix:
步骤1:选择在信道中比特信噪比时,采用一个符号时间内离散混沌信号序列长度θ为10,可供使用的载波数目2P=8,N=800, P=3的条件。Step 1: Select the bit SNR in the channel When , the discrete chaotic signal sequence length θ is 10 in one symbol time, and the number of available carriers is 2 P =8, N=800, P=3 conditions.
步骤2:在1个符号周期[0,Tb]内,混沌信号发生器输出1个长度为10的离散混沌信号序列,并重复5次。Step 2: Within a symbol period [0, Tb], the chaotic signal generator outputs a discrete chaotic signal sequence with a length of 10 , and repeat 5 times.
步骤3:将步骤2中生成的离散混沌信号序列通过1路平方升余弦滚降滤波器,其时域冲激响应为h(t),完成脉冲成形滤波,得到当前符号周期内的参考信号:Step 3: Pass the discrete chaotic signal sequence generated in
; ;
其中,t表示时间;T c 表示码片时间。Among them, t represents time; T c represents chip time.
步骤4:使用串并变换电路,将在当前符号周期内要传输的1路长度为3200的串行数据比特转变为800路并行低速数据比特。每组信息包括3位索引比特和1位调制比特两个部分;Step 4: Use a serial-to-parallel conversion circuit to convert one channel of serial data bits with a length of 3200 to be transmitted in the current symbol period into 800 channels of parallel low-speed data bits. Each group of information includes two parts: 3 index bits and 1 modulation bit;
步骤5:将800组索引比特同时通过映射选择器,各自从8个载波中选择一个载波进行传输;Step 5: Pass 800 sets of index bits through the mapping selector at the same time, and select a carrier from 8 carriers for transmission;
步骤6:将800组调制比特与步骤5的结果相乘,再与重复后的混沌信号相乘;Step 6: Multiply the 800 groups of modulation bits with the result of step 5, and then multiply with the repeated chaotic signal;
步骤7:产生512*512的Hadamard矩阵,从中选择每行作为Walsh码;Step 7: Generate a 512*512 Hadamard matrix, from which each row is selected as a Walsh code;
步骤8:混沌信号x重复后与载波f 0 相乘,得到参考信号;Step 8: After the chaotic signal x is repeated, it is multiplied by the carrier f 0 to obtain the reference signal;
步骤9:步骤6的结果经过置乱矩阵,得到发送端的发送信号;Step 9: The result of
步骤10:接收步骤9所发送的信号,将其经过解置乱矩阵后,与8个同步的载波分别相乘,得到乘积信号;Step 10: Receive the signal sent in step 9, multiply it with 8 synchronous carriers respectively after descrambling the matrix, and obtain the product signal;
步骤11:将步骤10所得8路乘积信号分别进行匹配滤波,对滤波后的8路乘积信号进行时域采样,采样后的每路信号分别经过矩阵B和矩阵A得到1路参考信号和800路信息信号;Step 11: Perform matching filtering on the 8-way product signals obtained in
步骤12:对步骤11得到的800+1路信号,分别与各自对应的Walsh序列相乘,得到的结果再平均;Step 12: Multiply the 800+1 signals obtained in step 11 with their corresponding Walsh sequences, and then average the results;
步骤13:将步骤12所得平均后的参考信号序列与步骤12所得800路信息信号序列分别相关,得到800个相关值;Step 13: correlating the averaged reference signal sequence obtained in
步骤14:将步骤13所得800个相关值分别经过800个能量比较器,得到具有最大绝对值的元素,从而可以解调出索引比特;Step 14: Pass the 800 correlation values obtained in step 13 through 800 energy comparators respectively to obtain the element with the largest absolute value, so that the index bits can be demodulated;
步骤15:将步骤14所得800个相关值分别经过800个能量比较器后,再分别经过阈值判决器,恢复出调制比特;Step 15: Pass the 800 correlation values obtained in
步骤16: 将步骤14得到的索引比特和步骤15得到的调制比特组合后再进行并串转换,恢复出原信息信号。Step 16: Combine the index bits obtained in
利用计算机仿真对测试例中设计的基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法进行试验。试验中,传输的数据比特数目为3200,离散混沌信号序列由Logistic映射产生,混沌信号采样频率为1MHz,符号持续时间T=16us,每个符号时间内等效的信号采样点数为16,平方升余弦滚降滤波器滚降系数α=0.25,所有子载波的中心频率间隔满足/>。The high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on the scrambling matrix designed in the test case is tested by computer simulation. In the experiment, the number of transmitted data bits is 3200, and the discrete chaotic signal sequence is mapped by Logistic Generation, chaotic signal sampling frequency is 1MHz, symbol duration T=16us , the equivalent number of signal sampling points in each symbol time is 16, the square raised cosine roll-off filter roll-off coefficient α=0.25 , the center frequency of all subcarriers Interval meets /> .
图4为加性高斯白噪声信道中仿真得到的测试例的比特误码率。作为对照,图中还给出了相同条件下仿真得到的现有MCS-MDCSK方法的比特误码率。从图中可以看出,与现有的MCS-MDCSK方法相比,上述基于置乱矩阵的高数据率载波索引差分混沌键控调制解调方法明显降低了比特误码率,表现出了更好的比特误码性能。Fig. 4 shows the bit error rate of the test cases simulated in the additive Gaussian white noise channel. As a comparison, the bit error rate of the existing MCS-MDCSK method obtained by simulation under the same conditions is also shown in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that compared with the existing MCS-MDCSK method, the above-mentioned high data rate carrier index differential chaotic keying modulation and demodulation method based on scrambling matrix significantly reduces the bit error rate and shows better performance. bit error performance.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本技术方案构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred implementation solutions of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also be realized in other ways, and any obvious replacements are within the scope of protection of the present invention without departing from the concept of the technical solution.
为了让本领域普通技术人员更方便地理解本发明相对于现有技术的改进之处,本发明的一些附图和描述已经被简化,并且为了清楚起见,本申请文件还省略了一些其它元素,本领域普通技术人员应该意识到这些省略的元素也可构成本发明的内容。In order to make it easier for those skilled in the art to understand the improvement of the present invention compared to the prior art, some drawings and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified, and for the sake of clarity, some other elements have been omitted in this application document, Those of ordinary skill in the art should realize that these omitted elements may also constitute the content of the present invention.
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