CN116404839B - Magnetic-focusing disc type permanent magnet motor and installation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnet-condensing disc-type permanent magnet motor and an installation method thereof. The magnet-concentrating disc-type permanent magnet motor includes a stator mechanism and a rotor mechanism; the stator mechanism includes a stator core, and an armature winding is wound around the stator core; and the rotor The mechanism includes a rotor assembly, which includes a rotor core, annular Halbach array permanent magnets and rectangular permanent magnets; the rotor core is annular, and its outer peripheral surface has multiple V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets evenly inserted along the circumferential direction. The present invention uses a combination of rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape and annular Halbach array permanent magnets, which can improve the magnetic field distribution in the air gap, improve the magnetic flux utilization and output performance, and thereby increase the motor torque and power density.

Description

A magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor and its installation method

Technical field

The invention relates to a magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor and an installation method thereof.

Background technique

As the power source of the wheel hub power of electric vehicles, disc permanent magnet motors can simplify the mechanical parts of electric vehicles and improve efficiency and power density.

However, due to the special structure of the disk permanent magnet motor, its permanent magnets are all surface-mounted structures, and their vertical and horizontal axis inductances are close to equal. The field weakening performance is poor, and the field weakening speed expansion capability is limited by the maximum output of the inverter. stator voltage. When the stator voltage reaches the maximum value, the speed cannot be increased and field weakening control can only be achieved by reducing the permanent magnet flux, which will lead to a decrease in torque and efficiency.

Therefore, the disk permanent magnet motor requires field weakening control when running at high speeds above the base speed, which also limits its scope of use.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor and its installation method, which can reduce the magnetic flux loss and improve the uniformity of the magnetic field in the air gap, thereby improving the field-weakening speed expansion capability of the motor.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

A magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor is characterized by: including a stator mechanism and a rotor mechanism;

The stator mechanism includes a stator core, and an armature winding is wound around the stator core;

The rotor mechanism includes a rotor assembly, which includes a rotor core, an annular Halbach array of permanent magnets and a rectangular permanent magnet;

The rotor core is annular, and its outer peripheral surface has a plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets evenly inserted along the circumferential direction. The V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are two rectangular permanent magnets spaced left and right in a V-shaped arrangement;

The permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array are fixed inside the rotor core, one side of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array is close to the stator mechanism, and there is an air gap between the permanent magnets and the stator core;

The V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are magnetized along the width direction, and the magnetizing directions between two adjacent V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets along the circumferential direction of the rotor core are opposite.

Preferably, a plurality of V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are evenly inserted into the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core along the circumferential direction. The V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are composed of two rectangular permanent magnets spaced left and right and arranged in a V-shape. The V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet structure replaces the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet.

Preferably, a plurality of U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are evenly inserted into the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core along the circumferential direction. The U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are two rectangular permanent magnets spaced left and right and arranged parallel to each other. U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets replace the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets.

Preferably, a plurality of U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are evenly inserted into the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core along the circumferential direction. The U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are composed of two rectangular permanent magnets arranged parallel to each other on the left and right. There is another rectangular permanent magnet placed horizontally between them, and the U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet replaces the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet.

Preferably, the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array are magnetized according to a certain rule along the circumferential direction, and each segment is rotated by an angle to form a sinusoidal wave magnetic field distribution.

Preferably, the number of poles of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array is the same as the number of poles of the plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets.

Preferably, the magnetizing direction of the plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets is combined with the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array to form a magnetic field concentration, and the center of each of the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets is The lines are aligned with the center lines of the permanent magnet poles of the annular Halbach array.

Preferably, the stator core is in type I.

Preferably, the stator mechanism includes a plurality of stator cores evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the rotor assembly is provided with two, and they are symmetrical along the axial centerline of the stator mechanism.

An installation method of a magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor, the installation method includes the following steps:

Step 1. Before assembling the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, first conduct a finite element analysis of the magnetic field distribution of the motor to evaluate the distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap, and adjust the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet and annular Halbach array based on the analysis results. The arrangement and magnetization direction of permanent magnets to achieve a more uniform magnetic field distribution;

Step 2. Connect the armature winding of the stator core to the motor controller and ensure that the connection is stable and reliable. At the same time, optimize the geometry of the stator core and the layout of the armature winding to reduce iron loss and copper loss and improve motor efficiency;

Step 3. During the assembly process, ensure that the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets on the rotor core are correctly aligned with the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array to form a uniform magnetic field in the air gap. Study the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets through experiments or simulation methods. The influence of the angle range between magnets on motor performance, determine the optimal angle range to improve the motor flux utilization and output performance, at the same time, analyze the magnetic field interaction between the rectangular permanent magnet and the permanent magnet of the annular Halbach array, and calculate the air gap Magnetic density to optimize magnetic circuit design;

Step 4. During the assembly process, ensure that the width of the air gap 6 remains consistent across the entire motor circumference. According to the finite element analysis results, adjust the air gap width to achieve efficient magnetic field transmission;

Step 5. Align and assemble the rotor assembly and the stator assembly together to complete the assembly of the magnet-concentrated disk permanent magnet motor;

Step 6. Conduct a preliminary test of the motor to check whether there is friction between the motor rotor and the stator. If there is friction, adjust the air gap width to ensure the normal operation of the motor. During operation, continuously monitor and optimize the motor performance to ensure high efficiency and Stable operation.

Preferably, the experimental method of step 3 is divided into the following steps:

Make a series of motor rotor samples with different angle ranges between V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets, ensuring that each sample uses the same permanent magnet material, rotor core material and manufacturing process;

Build a test platform, including a drive motor with adjustable speed, a sensor to measure torque and speed, an electrical parameter measurement device to measure motor voltage and current, and a computer system to collect and analyze data in real time;

Install the motor rotor samples in different angle ranges to the drive motors on the experimental platform, and connect the motor voltage and current measurement devices;

Test each sample and record the torque, speed, voltage and current parameters under different working conditions. During the experiment, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of the operating conditions and measurement methods;

Input the collected experimental data into the computer system for analysis, and draw curve diagrams of the torque, speed, voltage and current parameters as the angle range between the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets changes. Based on the curve diagram, find out the angle that optimizes the motor performance. scope;

Based on the data analysis results, select the motor rotor sample with the best angle range for further testing to verify whether its performance meets the expected requirements. If necessary, the experimental parameters and conditions can be adjusted to obtain more accurate and reliable results.

Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: The present invention uses a combination of rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape and permanent magnets in an annular Halbach array, which can improve the magnetic field distribution in the air gap, improve the flux utilization and output performance, and thereby improve the efficiency of the motor. Torque and power density.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-rotor single-stator magnet-concentrating disc-type permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic schematic diagram of the principle of a dual-rotor single-stator magnet-concentrating disk permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the main magnetic flux (clockwise) of a dual-rotor single-stator magnet-concentrating disk permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the main magnetic flux (counterclockwise) of a double-rotor single-stator magnet-concentrating disk permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic schematic diagram of the principle of a single-stator single-rotor magnet-concentrating disc-type permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a dual-stator single-rotor magnet-concentrating disk permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a V+1 type permanent magnet inserted into the rotor core of a magnet-condensed disk-type permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped permanent magnet inserted into the rotor core of a magnet-condensed disk-type permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a U+1-shaped permanent magnet inserted into the rotor core of a magnet-condensed disk-type permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture: 1-rotor core, 2-armature winding, 3-stator core, 4-annular Halbach array permanent magnets, 5-rectangular permanent magnets, 6-air gap.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer and clearer to those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples and drawings, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor provided in this embodiment includes a stator mechanism and a rotor mechanism;

The stator mechanism includes a plurality of stator cores 3 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The stator cores 3 are in I-shape, and each I-shaped stator core 3 is wound with an armature winding 2;

The rotor mechanism includes two rotor assemblies, which are symmetrical along the axial centerline of the stator mechanism. Each rotor assembly includes a rotor core 1, annular Halbach array permanent magnets 4 and rectangular permanent magnets 5;

The rotor core 1 is annular, and m V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets 5 are evenly inserted into its outer circumferential surface along the circumferential direction. The m number is consistent with the number of poles of the permanent magnets in the Halbach array. Insertion means that the rectangular permanent magnets are completely inserted into the rotor. On the outer peripheral surface of core 1, the insertion depth of the rectangular permanent magnets is consistent with the radial length of the annular rotor core. The V-shape means that the two rectangular permanent magnets are spaced left and right in a V-shape arrangement, that is, the two rectangular permanent magnets are placed adjacent to form a V-shape. The rectangular permanent magnet 5, the permanent magnet 4 of the annular Halbach array is fixed on the inside of the rotor core 1, one side of the permanent magnet of the annular Halbach array is close to the stator mechanism, and there is an air gap 6 between it and the stator core 3;

The V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets 5 are magnetized along the width direction (that is, perpendicular to the length direction), and the adjacent V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets are magnetized in opposite directions (here refers to two adjacent pairs of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V-shaped arrangement). The magnetizing direction is opposite, which helps to produce a more uniform magnetic field distribution, thus improving the performance of the motor);

The permanent magnets 4 of the annular Halbach array are magnetized according to a certain rule along the circumferential direction, and each segment is rotated by an angle to form a sinusoidal magnetic field distribution, mainly to produce single-sided magnetism. This magnetic characteristic can be used close to the stator. One side of the iron core generates a strong magnetic field, while canceling the magnetic field on the other side, which helps to reduce magnetic flux loss and increase the air gap magnetic density, thus increasing the motor torque and power density;

In this motor, the rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V shape are inserted into the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 1, so that the length of the protruding part on the rotor core 1 is increased, and the salient pole rate is the ratio of the protruding part length to the pole pitch. Increasing the salient pole ratio means that the two different types of sine wave type and sawtooth wave type (generated by rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape) generated on the rotor core 1 interact more closely, and in The air gap (the gap between the rotor and the stator) is more uniform, which helps to improve the motor's field weakening speed expansion capability, and also helps to improve the motor's flux utilization and output performance. The magnetic field refers to the rotor core 1 The magnetic field generated by the rectangular permanent magnets in a V-shaped arrangement and the permanent magnets in the annular Halbach array, where the angle range between the two rectangular permanent magnets constituting the V-shaped arrangement is 90°-180°;

The number of permanent magnet poles of the annular Halbach array is m. The number of m here mainly considers the number of pole slots of the motor. It is not limited. It can be 18 slots with 20 poles, 12 slots with 10 poles, 9 slots with 6 poles, etc., and a V-shaped rectangle The number of poles of the permanent magnets is the same. The magnetizing direction of the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets is combined with the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array to form a magnetic field. The center line of each V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet is consistent with the annular Halbach array. The center lines of the permanent magnet poles of the array are aligned so that the magnetic fields between the two can work better together, which helps to concentrate the magnetic field in the air gap, reduce magnetic flux loss, improve the motor torque and power density, and improve the magnetic field in the motor. A closed circuit is formed through the motor stator and motor rotor.

In this embodiment, the magnetic field concentration is formed to concentrate the magnetic field in the air gap, thereby achieving the following effects:

Reduce magnetic flux loss: By focusing the magnetic field, the magnetic flux is more concentrated in the air gap, which can reduce the loss of magnetic flux in other areas;

Improve motor torque and power density: Magnetic field focusing helps to increase the air gap magnetic density, thereby increasing the torque generated by the motor and improving the power density of the motor;

Improve the motor's magnetic flux utilization and output performance: By concentrating the magnetic field, the utilization efficiency of the magnetic flux in the air gap can be improved, thereby improving the motor's output performance;

Improve the motor's field-weakening speed expansion capability: Concentrating the magnetic field in the air gap helps improve the motor's speed expansion capability under low magnetic field conditions;

In short, the purpose of "forming magnetic field concentration" is to optimize the performance of the motor. By concentrating the magnetic field in the air gap, the reduction of magnetic flux loss, the improvement of motor torque and power density, and the improvement of motor flux utilization and output performance can be achieved. Improvement and enhancement of the motor’s field weakening speed expansion capability.

In this embodiment, in the annular Halbach array, the permanent magnets are magnetized along the circumferential direction according to a certain rule. The specific rule is: the magnetization direction of each adjacent permanent magnet rotates at a fixed angle relative to the previous permanent magnet. This angle Equal to 360° divided by the total number of permanent magnets in the annular Halbach array, the permanent magnets arranged in this way produce a strong magnetic field on one side and cancel the magnetic field on the other side;

To illustrate with a simple example, suppose there is a 4-pole annular Halbach array (that is, containing 4 permanent magnets). In this case, the magnetization direction of each adjacent permanent magnet is rotated 90° relative to the previous permanent magnet ( 360°/4=90°), the magnetic field distribution generated by the permanent magnets arranged in this way is as follows:

The magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet is vertically upward (for example, along the positive y-axis direction);

The magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet is horizontally to the right (for example, along the positive x-axis direction);

The magnetization direction of the third permanent magnet is vertically downward (for example, along the negative y-axis direction);

The magnetization direction of the fourth permanent magnet is horizontally to the left (for example, along the negative x-axis direction);

Through this special arrangement of magnetization directions, the annular Halbach array can generate a highly concentrated magnetic field on one side, while the magnetic field on the other side is offset. This magnetic field distribution helps reduce magnetic flux loss and improve the air gap magnetic density. Thereby improving the torque and power density of the motor.

In this embodiment, the magnet-condensing disc-type permanent magnet motor generates a changing magnetic field in the armature winding through rotation, thereby inducing a changing electric potential to realize motor operation;

At time t0, the magnetic flux direction of the armature winding on the stator core shown in Figure 3 is clockwise, and the magnetic flux direction of the armature winding on the stator core shown in Figure 4 is also counterclockwise;

Therefore, with the different positions of the motor rotor, a periodically changing electric potential in the opposite direction is induced in the armature winding.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 can be replaced by a V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet structure. The V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 consists of two left and right spaced V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets. It is composed of rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a rectangular shape and another rectangular permanent magnet placed horizontally between them.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 can be replaced by a U-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5. The U-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 is two rectangular permanent magnets spaced left and right and mutually separated. Parallel arrangement.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 can be replaced by a U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5. The U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 consists of two rectangular permanent magnets. The left and right sides are arranged parallel to each other and another rectangular permanent magnet is placed horizontally between them.

In the above embodiment, the number of poles of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array is also the same as the number of poles of the V+1 type, U or U+1 type respectively, and its implementation effect is the same as that of the V type.

To sum up, in this embodiment, this embodiment uses a combination of rectangular permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape and permanent magnets in an annular Halbach array, which can improve the magnetic field distribution in the air gap and improve the magnetic flux utilization and output performance. , thereby improving the motor torque and power density.

An installation method of a magnet-condensing disk-type permanent magnet motor includes the following steps:

Step 1. Before assembling the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, first conduct a finite element analysis of the magnetic field distribution of the motor to evaluate the distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap, and adjust the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet 5 and the annular Halbach array based on the analysis results. The arrangement and magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 4 to achieve a more uniform magnetic field distribution;

Step 2. Connect the armature winding 2 of the stator core 3 to the motor controller and ensure that the connection is stable and reliable. At the same time, optimize the geometry of the stator core 3 and the layout of the armature winding 2 to reduce iron loss and copper loss. To improve motor efficiency, the geometry of the stator core 3 and the layout of the armature winding 2 can be optimized by calculating iron losses and copper losses;

Step 3. During the assembly process, ensure that the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets 5 on the rotor core 1 are correctly aligned with the permanent magnets 4 of the annular Halbach array to form a uniform magnetic field in the air gap 6. Through experiments or simulation methods, the research results show that The influence of the angle range between the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets 5 on the motor performance is determined to determine the optimal angle range to improve the motor flux utilization and output performance. At the same time, the relationship between the rectangular permanent magnets 5 and the annular Halbach array permanent magnets 4 is analyzed. Magnetic field interaction, calculating the air gap magnetic density in order to optimize the magnetic circuit design;

Step 4. During the assembly process, use precise measurement and alignment methods, such as laser aligners, to ensure that the width of air gap 6 remains consistent across the entire motor circumference. Based on the finite element analysis results, adjust the air gap width to achieve high efficiency. Magnetic field transmission, optimizing the heat dissipation performance of the motor, such as using thermal conductive materials and heat dissipation structure design to maintain the stability and life of the motor during high-load operation;

Step 5. Align and assemble the rotor assembly and the stator assembly together to complete the assembly of the magnet-concentrated disk permanent magnet motor;

Step 6. Conduct a preliminary test of the motor to check whether there is friction between the motor rotor and the stator. If there is friction, adjust the width of the air gap 6 to ensure the normal operation of the motor. During operation, continuously monitor and optimize the motor performance to ensure high efficiency. , stable operation.

In this embodiment, the experimental method can be divided into the following steps:

Make a series of motor rotor samples with different angle ranges between V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets, such as 90°, 120°, 150° and 180°, etc.; ensure that each sample uses the same permanent magnet material, rotor core material and manufacturing process ;

Build a test platform, including a drive motor with adjustable speed, a sensor to measure torque and speed, an electrical parameter measurement device to measure motor voltage and current, and a computer system to collect and analyze data in real time;

Install the motor rotor samples in different angle ranges to the drive motors on the experimental platform, and connect the motor voltage and current measurement devices;

Test each sample and record parameters such as torque, rotational speed, voltage, current, etc. under different working conditions (such as different loads, different rotational speeds, etc.); during the experiment, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of the operating conditions and measurement methods;

Input the collected experimental data into the computer system for analysis, and draw curve diagrams of parameters such as torque, speed, voltage, and current as the angle range between V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets changes; based on the curve diagram, find out the parameters that optimize the motor performance. angle range;

Based on the data analysis results, select the motor rotor sample with the best angle range for further testing to verify whether its performance meets the expected requirements; if necessary, the experimental parameters and conditions can be adjusted to obtain more accurate and reliable results;

Through the above experimental methods, the impact of the angle range between different V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets on motor performance can be studied, thereby determining the optimal angle range to improve the motor's flux utilization and output performance.

In this embodiment, when finding the angle range that optimizes motor performance based on the curve graph, you can refer to the following key parameters:

Output torque: Observe the changes in output torque under different angle ranges. The optimization goal is to find the angle range that maximizes the output torque. In the curve chart, find the point where the torque reaches the peak, and the corresponding angle range is the optimal;

Speed: Analyze the speed performance of the motor in different angle ranges. Ideally, we want to maintain a high speed at the maximum torque. Speed stability is also an important factor and can be evaluated by observing the smoothness of the curve;

Motor efficiency: Motor efficiency refers to the effect of the motor converting input electrical energy into output mechanical energy. By measuring voltage, current and output torque, the efficiency of the motor can be calculated. In the curve chart, find the angle range that maximizes the motor efficiency;

Magnetic flux utilization: The magnetic flux utilization reflects the effective utilization of the magnetic field in the motor. The optimization goal is to find the angle range that can improve the magnetic flux utilization on the basis of maximum torque and high efficiency;

Considering the above parameters comprehensively, you can find the angle range that optimizes the motor performance according to the curve. During specific operations, you can find an angle range with the best comprehensive performance by comparing the performance of each parameter in different angle ranges. In addition, according to the actual According to application requirements, the optimization weights can be appropriately adjusted to meet the performance requirements in specific scenarios.

In this embodiment, through the installation method, the following technical problems are solved and corresponding technical effects are achieved:

Optimize magnetic field distribution: Finite element analysis and magnetic field layout adjustment help achieve a more uniform magnetic field distribution within the air gap, thereby improving the motor’s flux utilization and output performance;

Improve flux utilization: Through experiments or simulation methods, study the impact of the angle range between V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets on motor performance, and determine the optimal angle range to improve the motor flux utilization and output performance;

Reduce friction loss: Ensure that the air gap width remains consistent across the entire motor circumference to achieve efficient magnetic field transmission, reduce friction loss between the motor rotor and stator, and improve the operating efficiency and life of the motor;

To sum up, this installation method not only solves technical problems related to motor performance, but also improves the overall performance and efficiency of the motor, which has significant technical effects.

The above are only further embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can, within the scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its Equivalent substitutions or changes in the concept all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A gather magnetic disk permanent magnet machine, its characterized in that: comprises a stator mechanism and a rotor mechanism;

the stator mechanism comprises a stator core (3), and an armature winding (2) is wound on the stator core (3);

the rotor mechanism comprises a rotor assembly, wherein the rotor assembly comprises a rotor core (1), permanent magnets (4) of an annular Halbach array and rectangular permanent magnets (5);

the rotor iron core (1) is annular, a plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are uniformly inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the rotor iron core along the circumferential direction, and the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are formed by arranging two rectangular permanent magnets at right and left intervals in a V-shaped manner;

the permanent magnets (4) of the annular Halbach array are fixed on the inner side of the rotor core (1), one side of each permanent magnet of the annular Halbach array is close to the stator mechanism, and an air gap is reserved between each permanent magnet and the stator core (3);

the magnetizing directions of the plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets of the annular Halbach array are combined to form a magnetic field for gathering magnetism, and the center line of each V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet (5) is aligned with the magnetic pole center line of the permanent magnet of the annular Halbach array;

the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) magnetize along the width direction, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) along the circumferential direction of the rotor core are opposite.

2. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core (1) is uniformly inserted with a plurality of V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) along the circumferential direction, each V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet (5) is formed by two rectangular permanent magnets which are arranged at right and left intervals in a V shape, and another rectangular permanent magnet is transversely arranged between the two rectangular permanent magnets, and the V+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnet structure replaces the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet (5).

3. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the rotor core comprises a rotor core body and is characterized in that a plurality of U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are uniformly inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core (1) along the circumferential direction, the U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are two rectangular permanent magnets which are arranged at left and right intervals and are parallel to each other, and the U-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) replace the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5).

4. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped permanent magnet (5) is characterized in that a plurality of U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are uniformly inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core (1) along the circumferential direction, the U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) are formed by arranging two rectangular permanent magnets left and right in parallel, and another rectangular permanent magnet is transversely arranged between the two rectangular permanent magnets, and the U+1-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) replace the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5).

5. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnets (4) of the ring Halbach array are magnetized along the circumferential direction according to a certain rule, and each segment rotates by an angle to form a sine-wave-shaped magnetic field distribution.

6. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the number of poles of the permanent magnets (4) of the annular Halbach array is the same as that of the plurality of V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5).

7. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the stator core (3) is I-shaped.

8. The concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet machine of claim 1, wherein: the stator mechanism comprises a plurality of stator cores (3) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the rotor assemblies is two, and the stator cores are symmetrical along the axial center line of the stator mechanism.

9. A method for installing a concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet motor, wherein the concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet motor is a concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized in that: the installation method comprises the following steps:

step 1, before assembling a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, firstly carrying out finite element analysis on the magnetic field distribution of a motor to evaluate the distribution condition of a magnetic field in an air gap, and adjusting the arrangement and magnetizing directions of a V-shaped rectangular permanent magnet (5) and a permanent magnet (4) of an annular Halbach array according to analysis results to realize more uniform magnetic field distribution;

step 2, connecting an armature winding (2) of a stator core (3) with a motor controller, ensuring stable and reliable connection, and optimizing the geometric shape of the stator core (3) and the arrangement of the armature winding (2) so as to reduce iron loss and copper loss and improve motor efficiency;

step 3, in the assembling process, ensuring that the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) on the rotor core (1) are aligned with the permanent magnets (4) of the annular Halbach array correctly so as to form a uniform magnetic field in the air gap (6), researching the influence of the angle range between the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets (5) on the motor performance through an experimental or simulation method, determining the optimal angle range so as to improve the magnetic flux utilization rate and the output performance of the motor, and simultaneously analyzing the magnetic field interaction of the rectangular permanent magnets (5) and the permanent magnets (4) of the annular Halbach array, and calculating the air gap density so as to optimize the magnetic circuit design;

step 4, in the assembling process, ensuring that the width of the air gap (6) is kept consistent on the whole circumference of the motor, and adjusting the width of the air gap according to the finite element analysis result so as to realize high-efficiency magnetic field transmission;

step 5, aligning and assembling the rotor assembly and the stator assembly together to complete the assembly of the magnetism-gathering type disc permanent magnet motor;

and 6, carrying out preliminary test of the motor, checking whether friction exists between a motor rotor and a stator, if so, adjusting the width of an air gap (6), ensuring the normal operation of the motor, and continuously monitoring and optimizing the performance of the motor in the operation process so as to ensure the efficient and stable operation.

10. The method of installing a concentrated magnetic disk permanent magnet motor of claim 9, wherein: the experimental method of the step 3 comprises the following steps:

manufacturing a series of motor rotor samples with different angle ranges among the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets, and ensuring that each sample uses the same permanent magnet material, rotor core material and manufacturing process;

a test platform is built, and comprises a driving motor with adjustable rotating speed, a sensor for measuring torque and rotating speed, an electric parameter measuring device for measuring motor voltage and current, and a computer system for collecting and analyzing data in real time;

respectively mounting motor rotor samples in different angle ranges to a driving motor on an experimental platform, and connecting a motor voltage and current measuring device;

testing each sample, and recording torque, rotation speed, voltage and current parameters under different working conditions respectively, wherein in the experimental process, consistency of operation conditions and a measurement method is required to be ensured;

inputting the collected experimental data into a computer system for analysis, drawing a curve graph of the change of torque, rotating speed, voltage and current parameters along with the angle range between the V-shaped rectangular permanent magnets, and finding out the angle range which enables the motor performance to reach the optimum according to the curve graph;

and selecting a motor rotor sample with an optimal angle range for further testing according to the data analysis result, verifying whether the performance of the motor rotor sample meets the expected requirement, and adjusting experimental parameters and conditions if necessary to obtain a more accurate and reliable result.