CN116369318A - 一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，包括主体固体材料，利用表面技术和纳米技术，通过原位的或者类似于原位的方法，使其具有消杀功能，并牢牢地和结构材料结合在一起，包括以下制备方式：一、同质固体材料：采取原位生长技术，在基础结构材料表面生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；二、异质固体材料：经过表面修饰技术，先让一种附加材料通过原位生长方法生长在结构材料表面，再让长上去的附加材料通过加工，生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料。本发明，能够在保证材料的杀菌消毒能力的同时，使得材料的消毒杀菌持续时长与使用寿命得到延伸，减少对材料特性的影响，保证材料在使用的使用效果，降低长效杀毒杀菌材料的生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合生物功能材料技术领域，具体为一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现实中，细菌、病毒的出现比人类还早，可以预见它们的离开比人类还晚；细菌、病毒的数量远远大于人类；一般的细菌体积很小很小，病毒的体积更小；细胞的结构相当简单的生命体；而病毒只含有蛋白，没有生命特征；细菌、病毒无处不在，无时不在，只要人们能够想到的地方都有细菌、病毒存在。
细菌、病毒和人类在地球上一直是一种生存的竞争关系，残酷的现实是细菌、病毒时时刻刻都在危害着人类的健康甚至于生存，人类为了生存和健康，必须时时刻刻和细菌、病毒作斗争；经过长期艰苦卓越的奋斗，已经有了许多对付细菌、病毒的办法，研究出了许多杀菌、消毒的手段，主要是以物理和化学消杀为主。其中物理的方法是：电、热、光、磁、辐射、高压等；化学的方法主要是：溶解、氧化、还原、等。
无论是物理的还是化学的其主要的(他们共同的)原理是破坏细胞膜和其结构，破坏细胞渗透压，使得蛋白变性，氨基酸等电点迁移，蛋白失活等。现在大规模使用的消杀剂是以液体材料为主，例如：75％酒精、次氯酸钠消毒液，“84”消毒液、过氧乙酸消毒液、双氧水消毒液等。其使用方法以喷洒为主，而且是一次性消耗品。
现在市场上的液体消杀剂的消杀效果，基本上都是短效的，如次氯酸类消杀剂只有十几秒钟的效果。由于大部分消杀剂对细菌、病毒的作用时间非常有限，所以人们开发出了长效消杀产品。长效消杀剂一般具有固体的性能，其中复合固体消杀剂还具有回收再生的功能，且对环境友好。
长效固体消杀剂的应用场所很多范围很广，如桌子、椅子、凳子、墙面、门窗、玻璃、汽车、方向盘、装饰面、电梯、栏杆、护手、靠背、车厢、鼠标、键盘、按钮、旋钮、文具、织物、车厢等。
长效消杀剂的方法基本上都是采用物理共混的手段，制备功能纤维，例如：铜氨纤维、氧化锌纤维、银离子纤维等，这些共混纤维均是纤维内外所含杀菌材料浓度一样，造成所用其有效杀菌成分含量明显降低，如果提高有效浓度，势必造成成本提高，纤维的强度下降。
为了提高杀菌效率，也是降低成本，不影响纤维强度，所用了喷涂、浸渍等办法，虽然其功效不错，但是容易脱落，寿命比较短，还有可能会造成二次污染的隐患。
发明内容
针对背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，旨在要求长效消杀的基础上，提高其使用寿命，提高其消杀效率，避免二次污染。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案；
一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，包括主体固体材料，利用表面技术和纳米技术，通过原位的或者类似于原位的方法，使其具有消杀功能，并牢牢地和结构材料结合在一起，包括以下制备方式：
一、同质固体材料：采取原位生长技术，在基础结构材料表面生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
二、异质固体材料：经过表面修饰技术，先让一种附加材料通过原位生长方法生长在结构材料表面，再让长上去的附加材料通过加工，生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
三、同异相间固体材料：把上述同质固体材料与异质固体材料两种材料采用变量控制技术进行复合组装，使其具备长效消杀功能；
其中长效消杀功能为针对禽流感病毒、感流感毒、新冠病毒、登革热病毒、革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌的消毒杀菌功能，持续时间不低于三十天。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述同质固体材料、异质固体材料与同异相间固体材料的形状均为板材、异型材、带材、薄膜、中空膜、棒材及管材中的一种与一种以上的组合。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述同质固体材料为固体材质，为金属材料、复合材料、非金属材料、人造、合成聚合物材料及天然聚合物材料中的一种与一种以上组合；
所述异质固体材料为固体材质，为金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合；
所述同异相间固体材料为金属材料、非金属材料、聚合物材料、金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述变量控制技术的变量项目为工艺、参数与流程中的一种与一种以上。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述工艺为表面等离子处理技术、表面电弧技术、表面镀技术(化学镀、电化学镀、物理热镀)、表面气氛电火花技术、辐照、气氛控制技术、液体界面控制技术及电流密度变化技术中的一种与一种以上组合工艺。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述参数为时间、温度、溶剂、溶质(胶水、金属盐)、电压、电流、化学氧化剂、化学还原剂及浓度中的一种与一种以上组合参数。
作为上述技术方案的进一步描述：
所述流程为正向、反向、穿插及反馈中的一种与一种以上组合流程。
相比于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：
本方案，能够在保证材料的杀菌消毒能力的同时，使得材料的消毒杀菌持续时长与使用寿命得到延伸，减少对材料特性的影响，保证材料在使用的使用效果，降低长效杀毒杀菌材料的生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述；
本发明中，以固体材料为主体，利用表面技术和纳米技术，通过原位的或者类似于原位的方法，使其具有消杀功能，并牢牢地和结构材料结合在一起，包括以下制备方式：
一、同质固体材料：采取原位生长技术，在基础结构材料表面生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
二、异质固体材料：经过表面修饰技术，先让一种附加材料通过原位生长方法生长在结构材料表面，再让长上去的附加材料通过加工，生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
三、同异相间固体材料：把上述同质固体材料与异质固体材料两种材料采用变量控制技术进行复合组装，使其具备长效消杀功能。
其中长效消杀功能为针对禽流感病毒、感流感毒、新冠病毒、登革热病毒、革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌的消毒杀菌功能，持续时间不低于三十天。
本发明中，同质固体材料、异质固体材料与同异相间固体材料的形状均为板材、异型材、带材、薄膜、中空膜、棒材及管材中的一种与一种以上的组合。
本发明中，同质固体材料为固体材质，为金属材料、复合材料、非金属材料、人造、合成聚合物材料及天然聚合物材料中的一种与一种以上组合，同质固体材料为织物与纤维中的一种及一种以上，其中织物或纤维由以下的一种与一种以上纤维制成。
天然纤维类：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉。
人造纤维类：胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
合成纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
金属纤维类：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
玻璃纤维类：石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
异质固体材料为固体材质，为金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合，异质固体材料为混合纤维与织物中的一种及一种以上，其中织物或纤维由以下的一种与一种以上纤维制成：混合纤维类：天然混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉。
人造混合纤维：胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
合成混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
金属混合纤维：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/人造混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
天然/合成混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
天然/人造/合成混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
人造/合成混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
天然/金属混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
人造/金属混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
合成/金属混合纤维:乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/人造/合成/金属混合:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/合成/金属混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
人造/合成/金属混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
合成/玻璃混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/合成/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/合成/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/合成/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
金属/玻璃混合纤维：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/金属/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/金属/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/金属/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
同异相间固体材料为金属材料、非金属材料、聚合物材料、金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合；同异相间固体材料为织物与纤维一种与一种以上组合，其中织物与纤维由以下一种与一种以上纤维制成：天然纤维类：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉。
人造纤维类：胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
合成纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
金属纤维类：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
玻璃纤维类：石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
混合纤维类：天然混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉。
人造混合纤维：胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
合成混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
金属混合纤维：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/人造混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维。
天然/合成混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
天然/人造/合成混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
人造/合成混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维。
天然/金属混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
人造/金属混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
合成/金属混合纤维:乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/人造/合成/金属混合:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/合成/金属混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
人造/合成/金属混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)。
天然/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
合成/玻璃混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/合成/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/合成/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/合成/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
金属/玻璃混合纤维：铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/金属/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/金属/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维：乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/金属/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维：棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
人造/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维:胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
天然/人造/合成/金属/玻璃混合纤维:棉、麻、丝、纸、炭、竹、碳、动物蛋白、植物蛋白、石棉/胶粘纤维、富强纤维、铜氨纤维、醋酸纤维、再生蛋白纤维/乙纶、丙纶、氨纶、涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、氯纶、芳纶、磷纶、碳纤维/铜(及合金)、铁(及合金)、钛(及合金)、金(及合金)、银(及合金)/石英纤维、钠玻璃纤维、钾玻璃纤维、铷玻璃纤维。
其中同质固体材料中的金属材料为金、银、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、铝、铅、铬、不锈钢、钛及钛合金中的一种与一种以上金属制成。
其中钛及钛合金材料为以下钛及钛合金材料中的一种与一种以上的钛及钛合金组合：(GB/T3620.1-2016)：TA0、TA1、TA2、TA3、TA1GEL1、TA1G、TA2GEL1、TA2G、TA3GGEL1、TA3G、TA4GEL1、TA4G、TA5、TA6、TA7、TA7EL1、TA8、TA8-1、TA9、TA9-1、TA10、TA11、TA12、TA12-1、TA13、TA14、TA15、TA15-1、TA15-2、TA16、TA17、TA18、TA19、TA20、TA21、TA22、TA22-1、TA23、TA23-1、TA24、TA24-1、TA25、A26、TA27、TA27-1、TA28、TA29、TA30、TA31、TA32、TA33、TA34、TA35、TA36、TB2、TB3、TB4、TB5、TB6、TB7、TB8、TB9、TB10、TB11、TB12、TB13、TB14、TB15、TB16、TB17、TC1、TC2、TC3、TC4、TC4EL1、TC6TC8、TC9、TC10、TC11、TC12、TC15、TC16、TC17、TC18、TC19、TC20、TC21、TC22、TC23、TC23、TC24、TC25、TC26、TC28、TC29、TC30、TC31、TC32。
本发明中，变量控制技术的变量项目为工艺、参数与流程中的一种与一种以上。
其中：工艺为表面等离子处理技术、表面电弧技术、表面镀技术(化学镀、电化学镀、物理热镀)、表面气氛电火花技术、辐照、气氛控制技术、液体界面控制技术及电流密度变化技术中的一种与一种以上组合工艺。
参数为时间、温度、溶剂、溶质(胶水、金属盐)、电压、电流、化学氧化剂、化学还原剂及浓度中的一种与一种以上组合参数。
流程为正向、反向、穿插及反馈中的一种与一种以上组合流程。
本实施例只是对本发明的说明而非限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明中，表面等离子处理技术包含辉光放电渗氮、氮碳共渗、渗硼、渗碳、表面改性、干法刻蚀、沉积薄膜与喷涂；
表面电弧技术汉堡气体放电、液体放电与微弧放电；
化学镀包含镀锌、镀镍、镀铜、镀锡、镀银与镀金；
电化学镀包含镀锌、镀镍、镀铜、镀锡、镀银、镀金、镀铬、镀锂、镀钴、镀镍磷与镀镍磷硼；
物理热镀包含镀铅、镀铝、镀锌、镀镍、镀铜、镀锡、镀银、镀铁；
表面气氛电火花技术：氮气刻蚀、氧气刻蚀、二氧化碳刻蚀、水蒸气刻蚀、氢气刻蚀与氨气刻蚀；
辐照包含阿尔法粒子、贝塔粒子与中子。
气氛控制技术包含氮气、氧气、氢气、氩气、水汽、氮气/氧气、氢气/氩气、氮气/氢气、水汽/氧气、水汽/氢气、水汽/氢气/氮气、水汽/氢气/氩气、水汽/氧气/氮气、水汽/氧气/氩气、一氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、二氧化氯、臭氧、真空、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、气化甲醇、气化乙醇与气化甲醇/气化乙醇。
液体界面控制技术包含宏观界面位移控制、微观喷雾界面控制与液膜界面控制。
电流密度变化技术包含电阻器变化、电处理材料面积变化与电解质材料变化。
变量控制溶液、参数，至少由如下所述的任一或以上种的组合：
时间：1秒至10小时；
温度：负20℃至200℃；
电压：正负0.1至正负20伏特；
电流：0.1至20安培。
溶剂包含有：液化空气、液化氧气、液化臭氧、液化氮气、液化氨气、液化氢气、液化氩气、液化氦气、液化二氧化碳、液化一氧化碳、液化一氧化氮、液化二氧化氮、液化二氧化硫、液化二氧化氯、液化甲烷、液化乙烷、液化丙烷、液化丁烷、液化戊烷、液化己烷、液化环己烷、真空、水、蒸馏水、去离子水、自来水、氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、氯乙烷、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、四氯乙烷、氟利昂、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、己酮、环己酮、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲酸乙酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸戊酯、香蕉水、丙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、丙酸戊酯、二甲醚、甲乙醚、二乙醚、乙二醇甲醚、乙二醇乙醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二乙基甲酰胺、二乙基乙酰胺、环丁砜、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、三氯苯、氟苯、二氟苯、三氟苯、硝基苯、二硝基苯、三硝基苯、硝基氟苯、二硝基氟苯、三硝基氟苯、乙二胺、甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、二乙烯二胺、二乙烯三胺、二乙烯四胺、三乙烯二胺、三乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、二丙烯二胺、二丙烯三胺、二丙烯四胺。
溶质包含有：硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸镍、硫酸铬、硫酸锰、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氯化钠、氯化铜、氯化锌、氯化镍、氯化铬、氯化锰、氯化锡、氯化亚锡、硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸银、硝酸镍、硝酸锰、铬酸、重铬酸钾、高锰酸钾、氧化锰、二氧化锰、葡萄糖、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸锰、维生素C、甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、戊醛、戊二醛、亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸(盐：钾、钠、铵、锂、铷、铯、钫、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、铅、锡、锰、铬、钒、铝)、二硫代氨基甲酸盐(盐：钾、钠、铵、锂、铷、铯、钫、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、铅、锡、锰、铬、钒、铝)、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸(盐：钾、钠、铵、锂、铷、铯、钫、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、铅、锡、锰、铬、钒、铝)、EDTA、CDTC、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物、KH550、KH560、KH570、A151、A171、A172、KH602、KH792、KH551、KH901、KH902、KH69、ND42、KH580、KH590、钛酸偶联剂101、钛酸偶联剂102、钛酸偶联剂105、钛酸偶联剂201、钛酸偶联剂401。
如上的介质PH调节剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡、氢氧化钙、硫酸、亚硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、盐酸、醋酸、磷酸、亚磷酸中的一种或多种。
微生物试验方法：
1、将所有的实施例制备物放在开放空间中一个月以后做微生物试验；
2、微生物试验方法依据：《中华人民共和国卫生行业标准》WS/T650-2019《抗菌和抑菌效果评价方法》。
实施例1
选取型号为S30403的不锈钢带，水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、干燥，以金属铅作为阴极，不锈钢作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的硫酸钠溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出不锈钢，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、干燥、再将已经上色的不锈钢带浸泡入5％的硝酸银溶液中，取出，沥干，干燥，再将10％的葡萄糖溶液喷洒到S30403不锈钢带，至均匀，再干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.1％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.3％，白色念球菌98.7％。
实施例2
取TC4钛皮，水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、以金属铅作为阴极，不锈钢作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的铬酸溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出TC4钛皮，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、再将已经上色的不锈钢带浸泡入5％的葡萄糖酸钠溶液中，取出，烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌95.4％，金黄色葡萄球菌96.2％，白色念球菌95.3％。
实施例3
取钠玻璃片，水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、干燥，后将其放入氟化铵溶液中浸泡，10分钟后取出，清洗、干燥、将玻璃片放平，喷洒0.1％高锰酸钾溶液，150℃烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌98.0％，金黄色葡萄球菌97.2％，白色念球菌98.5％。
实施例4
取石英玻璃片，水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、干燥，后将其放入氟化铵溶液中浸泡，10分钟后取出，清洗、干燥、将玻璃片放平，喷洒0.1％高锰酸钾溶液，150℃烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌96.2％，金黄色葡萄球菌95.1％，白色念球菌97.0％。
实施例5
取铝板水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗，以金属铅作为阴极，铝板作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的铬酸溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出铝板，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、再将已经电化学处理的铝板喷洒0.2％的高锰酸钾溶液中，取出，烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌97.3％，金黄色葡萄球菌96.4％，白色念球菌96.4％。
实施例6
取锌板水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗，以金属铅作为阴极，锌板作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的硫酸钠溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出锌板，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、再将已经阳极处理过的锌板浸泡入5％的葡萄糖酸钠溶液中，取出，烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌95.1％，金黄色葡萄球菌94.2％，白色念球菌94.5％。
实施例7
取铜皮水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗，以金属铅作为阴极，不锈钢作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的铬酸溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出铜皮，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、再将已经阳极处理过的铜皮喷洒1％的硝酸银溶液，后喷洒2％的葡萄糖溶液，烘干，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.5％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.2％，白色念球菌99.7％。
实施例8
取PP纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％硫酸锌，5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，喷洒5％二甲氨基二硫代甲酸溶液，干燥，再2.5％硫酸锌，2.5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.0％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.2％，白色念球菌98.8％。
实施例9
取PP纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％二甲氨基二硫代甲酸溶液，干燥，喷洒7,5％硫酸锌，7.5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.2％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.0％，白色念球菌98.1％。
实施例10
取PET纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％二甲氨基二硫代甲酸溶液，干燥，喷洒7.5％硫酸锌，7.5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.1％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.2％，白色念球菌98.0％。
实施例11
取PP纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸溶液，干燥，再2.5％硝酸银溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.6％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.5％，白色念球菌98.9％。
实施例12
取PET纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸溶液，干燥，再2.5％硝酸银溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.1％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.3％，白色念球菌98.7％。
实施例13
取PP/PET混纺纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸溶液，干燥，再2.5％硝酸银溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.4％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.6％，白色念球菌99.0％。
实施例14
取PP/PET混纺纤维织物，喷洒0.1％KH550，烘干，喷洒5％硫酸锌，5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，喷洒5％二甲氨基二硫代甲酸溶液，干燥，再2.5％硫酸锌，2.5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.0％，金黄色葡萄球菌98.5％，白色念球菌98.3％。
实施例15
取铁皮水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、以金属铅作为阴极，铁皮作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的氯化钠溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出铜皮，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、喷洒0.1％KH550，干燥，喷洒5％硫酸锌，5％硫酸锰溶液，干燥，喷洒5％二甲氨基二硫代甲酸溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.8％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.5％，白色念球菌99.3％。
实施例16
取铁皮水泡、除油、水洗、蒸馏水洗、以金属铅作为阴极，铁皮作为阳极，放入电解槽中，槽液为10％的氯化钠溶液，接通直流电源，调节电压至极板有微气泡完止，如此调节电压多次，取出铜皮，蒸馏水洗涤、浸泡、取出、沥干、150℃干燥、喷洒0.1％KH550，干燥，喷洒5％亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸溶液，干燥，喷洒2.5％硝酸银溶液，干燥，放置一周后做微生物抑制率试验：大肠杆菌99.5％，金黄色葡萄球菌99.3％，白色念球菌99.2％。
采用该制备方式生产杀毒杀菌材料，能够在长效消杀的基础上，提高其使用寿命，提高其消杀效率，避免二次污染，相对于传统物理共混方式，能够避免对纤维强度等因素的影响，确保杀毒杀菌材料的消杀强度与消杀持久性，满足杀毒杀菌材料的使用需求。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式；但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其改进构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：包括主体固体材料，利用表面技术和纳米技术，通过原位的方法，使其具有消杀功能，并牢牢地和结构材料结合在一起，包括以下制备方式：
一、同质固体材料：采取原位生长技术，在基础结构材料表面生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
二、异质固体材料：经过表面修饰技术，先让一种附加材料通过原位生长方法生长在结构材料表面，再让长上去的附加材料通过加工，生长出具有长效消杀功能的生长材料；
三、同异相间固体材料：把上述同质固体材料与异质固体材料两种材料采用变量控制技术进行复合组装，使其具备长效消杀功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述同质固体材料、异质固体材料与同异相间固体材料的形状均为板材、异型材、带材、薄膜、中空膜、棒材及管材中的一种与一种以上的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述同质固体材料为固体材质，为金属材料、复合材料、非金属材料、人造、合成聚合物材料及天然聚合物材料中的一种与一种以上组合；
所述异质固体材料为固体材质，为金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合；
所述同异相间固体材料为金属材料、非金属材料、聚合物材料、金属复合材料、非金属复合材料及聚合物复合材料中的一种与一种以上组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述变量控制技术的变量项目为工艺、参数与流程中的一种与一种以上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述工艺为表面等离子处理技术、表面电弧技术、表面镀技术、表面气氛电火花技术、辐照、气氛控制技术、液体界面控制技术及电流密度变化技术中的一种与一种以上组合工艺。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述参数为时间、温度、溶剂、溶质、电压、电流、化学氧化剂、化学还原剂及浓度中的一种与一种以上组合参数。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种长效杀毒杀菌的固体材料及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述流程为正向、反向、穿插及反馈中的一种与一种以上组合流程。
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