CN116367937A - Extrusion and/or pultrusion apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and an extrusion or pultrusion device (1) for forming a profile product (2) made of plastically deformable and/or viscoplastic material in a production direction (Y), said device comprising A rotary mold (3) extending in the (R) direction and the width direction (X), and has two opposite first and second side walls (5, 6) and An outer peripheral surface (4) between walls (5, 6) extending along said width direction (X), said rotary mold (3) comprising a first side portion (23) connecting said first side wall (5) , a second side portion (25) connecting said second side wall (6) and an intermediate portion (22) extending between said first and second side portions (23, 25); and having a The production direction (Y) overlaps the longitudinal (Y), height direction (Z) and the profile limited area (7) perpendicular to the width direction (X) of the height direction (Z), and includes a straight-through channel (8), so Said straight-through channel (8) comprises a first channel portion (9) and then a second channel portion (10) downstream of said first channel portion (9) with reference to said production direction; wherein said rotary mold (3) is rotatable about an axis extending across said production direction (Y) and is arranged to allow said peripheral surface (4) while passing said profile-defining zone (7) while said rotating mold (3) is rotating Apply pressure to the surface of the material.

Description

Extrusion and/or pultrusion apparatus and method

technical field

The invention relates to an extrusion and/or pultrusion device for forming profile products made of plastically deformable material in the production direction, said device comprising:

A rotary mold extending along a radial direction and a widthwise direction, having two opposing first and second sidewalls and extending along said widthwise direction between said first and second sidewalls wherein the rotary mold comprises: a first side portion connected to the first side wall; a second side portion connected to the second side wall; and an intermediate portion connected to the first side wall extending between the second side; and

A profile-defining area having a longitudinal direction overlapping said production direction, a height direction and a width direction perpendicular to said height direction; and comprising a through-channel comprising a first channel portion and subsequent reference a second channel portion downstream of the first channel portion in the production direction; wherein the rotary mold is rotatable about an axis extending across the production direction and is arranged to allow the peripheral surface to pass through the applying pressure to a surface of the material while the rotating mold rotates while defining the profile;

said first channel portion is bounded circumferentially by one or more walls; and

The second channel portion is bounded circumferentially by:

the peripheral surface of the rotary mold, and

a channel portion, said channel portion comprising,

a counter bearing, opposite said rotating mold, and

The opposing first and second channel portion sidewalls are between the rotary mold and the counter bearing.

The invention also relates to a method for producing profiled products using such a device.

Background technique

In the field of extrusion and/or pultrusion devices it is known to use rotating dies immediately downstream of more conventional extrusion and/or pultrusion devices using fixed or static walls. This type of extrusion using a rotating die is hereinafter referred to as 3D extrusion, and involves the rotating die operating in a pressurized zone, in relation to the more traditional extrusion and/or pultrusion portion of the apparatus, as opposed to calendered 3D extrusion . The combination of static walls in the first channel section and rotating molds in the second channel section provides for the production of profile products at very high speeds while maintaining high quality shapes and impressions. As such, it is an efficient and relatively cheap production method that can be used for most materials that can be molded by extrusion, that is, any material, such as plastic to aluminium.

In PCT/SE2020/050451 the advantages of optimizing the first and second channel sections with respect to minimum side leakage are discussed.

Contents of the invention

However, with reference to the background art, when extruding a material that undergoes plastic deformation, there is a need for improved optimization along the defined zones of the profile, ie the first channel portion and the second channel portion. The loading rate of the material in the first channel is controlled with reference to the loading rate in the second channel by corresponding design of the first channel and the second channel.

The claimed apparatus includes static and moving parts and operates at high production rates and pressures, sometimes at elevated temperatures and pressures. The setup of the unit depends on the material and profile type to be produced. Experiments carried out over a long period of time have shown that materials undergoing plastic deformation have special characteristics/properties, in order to produce high-quality profile products in the claimed device, and at the same time design the device so that it withstands high forces during operation , these factors must be considered. The following definitions are introduced to provide the reader with information on suitable such materials and device settings.

plastic deformation material

Some materials, such as metals, permanently deform when subjected to sufficient force. Permanent deformation is often referred to as plastic deformation, so materials that exhibit this type of deformation can be named "plastically deformable materials". The deformation behavior of plastically deformable materials depends on the amount of force to which the material is subjected, and is usually described by a so-called "stress-strain curve". In general, plastically deformable materials exhibit the following deformation behavior.

When a material is subjected to a small force, it deforms elastically because the stress in the material increases the distance between the atoms in the material but does not affect their mutual alignment. Therefore, when the stress is removed, the material returns linearly to its original dimensions. Therefore, in this stress region, the material exhibits linear elastic deformation behavior.

If more force is applied to the material, the stress in the material increases. When the stress exceeds the so-called elastic limit, the planes of atoms in the material start to slide against each other. This effect is not reversed if the stress is removed and thus a permanent deformation of the material is achieved. Therefore, in this stress region, the material exhibits plastic deformation behavior.

If the stress is increased further, the stress will exceed the fracture limit of the material and the material will eventually crack.

viscoplastic material

Viscoplasticity is a theory that describes materials that behave as solids below critical stress values but flow like viscous liquids at larger stress values. For metals and alloys, viscoplasticity is a macroscopic behavior induced by mechanisms related to the movement of dislocations in grains, with superimposed effects of intergranular sliding. This mechanism usually becomes dominant at temperatures above about one-third of the absolute melting temperature. These materials therefore become viscoplastic above this critical temperature.

The main difference between viscoplastic and non-viscoplastic materials is that viscoplastic materials exhibit rate-dependent deformation behavior in the force region of plastic deformation. That is, viscoplastic materials not only permanently deform after the application of force, but continue to undergo creep flow as a function of time under the influence of the applied force. This creep flow further deforms the material.

viscoelastic material

Viscous materials, such as glycerin, oil, or water, resist shear flow and strain that varies linearly with time when stress is applied. In purely viscous fluids, deformations are irreversible due to molecular rearrangements. Elastic materials deform when stretched and return to their original state as soon as the stress is removed.

A material is said to be viscoelastic if it has an elastic (recoverable) part and a sticky (nonrecoverable) part. When a load is applied to a viscoelastic material, the elastic deformation is instantaneous, whereas the deformation of the viscous part occurs over time.

Since a viscoelastic material has both elastic (recoverable) and viscous (non-recoverable) properties, it is said to exhibit a time-dependent strain, i.e. it deforms over time through so-called creep. Viscoelastic materials can also be strain rate dependent, meaning that they deform differently depending on how fast a load is applied.

Examples of viscoelastic materials are polymers whose viscoelastic behavior can be explained by entanglement and disentanglement processes at the molecular level of the polymer chains.

With reference to the above definition, the present invention relates to a device for extruding and/or pultruding a material which does not undergo any recovery, or which only has a very small part, namely elastic, springs back from a deformed state to a less deformed state, But only for plastically deformable materials. A non-exhaustive list of examples of such materials are; aluminum, ceramics, alloys, etc.

The invention relates to an extrusion and/or pultrusion device for forming, in the production direction, profile products made of plastically deformable and/or viscoplastic materials, said device comprising:

A rotary mold extending along a radial direction and a widthwise direction, having two opposing first and second sidewalls and extending along said widthwise direction between said first and second sidewalls wherein the rotary mold comprises: a first side portion connected to the first side wall; a second side portion connected to the second side wall; and an intermediate portion connected to the first side wall extending between the second side; and

A profile-defining area having a longitudinal direction overlapping said production direction, a height direction and a width direction perpendicular to said height direction; and comprising a through-channel comprising a first channel portion and subsequent reference a second channel portion downstream of said first channel portion in said production direction;

wherein said rotating die is rotatable about an axis extending transversely to said production direction and is arranged to allow said peripheral surface to apply pressure to said on a surface of the material, wherein;

said first channel portion is bounded circumferentially by one or more walls; and

The second channel portion is bounded circumferentially by:

the peripheral surface of the rotary mold, and

a channel portion, said channel portion comprising,

a counter bearing, opposite said rotating mold, and

opposing first and second channel portion sidewalls between said rotating mold and said counter bearing;

The first channel portion is configured to plastically deform the material into a main profile having a maximum height at a predetermined feed rate dependent on the material and a minimum cross-sectional area having a first maximum height in the first channel portion ;

And wherein said second channel portion is configured to further deform the material into a final profile having a minimum height by said rotating die configured to apply a increased pressure against the counter bearing;

Wherein the rotary mold is configured at the minimum distance between the rotary mold and the counter bearing, the minimum distance depends on the maximum allowable pressure exerted by the rotary mold at the position of the minimum distance, wherein the maximum The allowable pressure corresponds to the height difference between the main profile and the final profile and depends on the pattern of the peripheral surface of the rotary mould.

The advantage here is that the maximum allowable pressure is controlled in both said first and second channel, which makes it possible to design the extrusion and/or pultrusion device according to the material to be processed and the processing speed. Controlling the maximum allowable pressure according to the material to be processed enables productivity of high quality output and reduces risks such as rupture due to excessive stress on the material and further reduces the risk of damage to the device.

According to an example, said rotary mold comprises a pattern with at least one indentation, wherein said rotary mold is arranged at a maximum distance between a bottom of said indentation and said counter bearing depending on said rotary mold at The minimum allowable pressure applied at the maximum distance position to achieve plastic deformation of the material in the indentation.

The pattern in the rotating mold produces a corresponding opposite pattern in the final profile, ie when the pattern in the rotating mold comprises indentations, it produces a corresponding opposite pattern in the final profile comprising protrusions.

The rotary mold is thus configured at the maximum distance between the rotary mold and the counter bearing, depending on the minimum permissible pressure exerted by the rotary mold at the position of the smallest distance, where the minimum permissible pressure corresponds to the main profile and the final The height difference of the profile, and depending on the pattern of the peripheral surface of the rotating die to achieve the required plastic deformation in the indentation, the minimum pressure depends on the material to be extruded and/or pultruded.

It should be noted that the pattern in the rotating mold can be arranged such that the device exhibits both a minimum distance and a maximum distance, if the pattern is arranged such that the indentations are located in the peripheral surface and the peripheral portion is located around the periphery of the device. At least the outer peripheral surface in the width direction does not include dimples when facing the directional bearing. Alternatively, said pattern comprises a plurality of dimples distributed in the width direction, with non-dimpled portions between them simultaneously facing said counter bearing. Here, at least during short time intervals during the rotation of the rotary mold, the rotary mold exerts a maximum pressure due to the minimum distance in the non-dimpled part and a minimum pressure due to the minimum distance in the dimpled part. The design choice of maximum and minimum pressure further allows for an optimized form change from the main profile to the final profile according to the material, such that the material in the indentation fills the indentation and partially deforms simultaneously with the material between the outermost layers, in the radial direction , the pressure of the rotating die does not exceed the maximum pressure allowed by the material and/or the design of the extrusion and/or pultrusion device. It should also be noted that some materials exhibit properties that allow easy filling of dents due to the initial pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dent. When the dimples are filled, a steady state condition with respect to the differential pressure is achieved within a short time. In this steady state condition, the pressure in the material is balanced and the pressure difference is minimized. For some materials, the pressure in the dimple and the surrounding non-dimpled portion may be equal or substantially equal during the part of the operation where the dimple is facing the counter bearing and the dimple is filled.

With reference to, but not limited to, the above definitions, it is believed that a minimum pressure is required to achieve plastic deformation. For example, it is believed that aluminum has a minimum pressure level that depends inter alia on temperature, and that the higher the temperature, the less pressure is required. However, too high a pressure and too high a temperature may cause the aluminum to liquefy, thereby losing the advantage of plastic deformation. The temperature rise of the material is achieved at least partially in the first channel portion where the minimum cross-sectional area forces a shape change of the material in which pressure is exerted on the material in all directions and the shape change increases the temperature. In the second channel section, the rotating die continues to change the shape of the main profile into the final profile by applying balanced pressure within minimum and maximum limits. If the rotating mold comprises a pattern with one or more dimples, minimum pressure is also critical in order to fill the dimples with sufficient pressure in such a way as to achieve plastic deformation within the dimples. At the same time, since the distance between the rotating die and the counter bearing is smaller than the distance between the bottom of the dimple and the counter bearing, the part of the rotating die that lacks dimples exerts a higher pressure on the main profile . Therefore, when the rotating die comprises indentations, ie patterns, both the minimum and the maximum pressure become particularly important, and thus the corresponding maximum and minimum distances between the rotating die and the counter bearing.

In order to explain the device more easily, the rotating mold usually uses a cylindrical coordinate system, and the three-dimensional space of the device usually uses an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system. Thus, the rotary mold is described as having a width direction from one end to the other overlapping the centerline, ie the axis of rotation about which the rotary mold rotates, and a thickness in the radial direction orthogonal to the width direction. The outer peripheral surface further extends around the axis in a rotational direction perpendicular to the width direction. Here, rotational symmetry means that the substances in the rotating mold are arranged symmetrically or rotationally balanced around the axis of rotation. The general arrangement, ie eg the profile-defining area, ie the first and the second channel part, is described as having a width direction, a height direction and a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction overlaps with the general production direction. The rotary mold is arranged to be rotatable about an axis, and the axis may be directly or indirectly stored in and rotatably coupled to the first and second channel portion side walls.

Referring to the above coordinate system, it should be noted that the axis of the rotating mold may be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, ie generally perpendicular to the production direction of the device, or may be arranged at an angle.

According to an example, the axis of the rotating mold is substantially perpendicular to the production direction, the peripheral surface extending in its width direction through the production direction.

According to an example, the axis of the rotating mold substantially overlaps the width direction of the device, and the width direction of the rotating mold substantially overlaps the width direction of the device. The longitudinal direction coincides with the production direction, i.e. the main direction in which material travels during production.

According to an example, the axis of the rotary mold generally does not overlap with the width direction of the device, but the axis of the rotary mold and the width direction of the rotary mold are arranged at an angle of less than or greater than 900° to the longitudinal direction. However, the axis of the rotary mold is arranged such that the outer surface extends in its width across the production direction.

Referring to either of the above two examples, the normal to the axis of the rotating mold generally overlaps the height direction of the device. Here, the normal coincides with the radial direction of the rotating mold. Here, the axis of the rotary mold is generally perpendicular to the normal to the production direction, regardless of whether the axis of the rotary mold overlaps with the width direction of the device. However, according to an example, the normal to the axis of the rotating mold may generally be arranged at an angle to the height direction of the device. However, the axis of the rotary mold is arranged such that the peripheral surface extends in its width direction across the production direction, but at an angle thereto.

According to an example, the one or more walls define a first section at the end of the first channel portion, and wherein the second channel portion defines a second section at a position where the distance between the peripheral surface and the counter bearing is smallest. As noted above, the geometry of the first channel portion differs from that of the second channel portion such that material passing through the first channel portion changes shape upon entering the second channel portion. The change in shape is necessary to increase or maintain the pressure level to such an extent that it can overcome the material's internal resistance (shear stress) fast enough to fill the second section, including the rotating die, with material.

According to an example, the minimum distance in height direction between the outer peripheral surface and the counter bearing in the second section is smaller than the maximum distance in height direction in the first section. This has the advantage that material entering the second channel section will be compressed in the second channel section such that the pressure is increased or maintained to a level where the material will transition quickly enough to saturate the second channel section, including the imprint of the rotating die .

Thus, the pressure is increased or maintained to a level where the material will transition quickly enough to saturate the second channel section, including the imprint of the rotating mold. Said pressure is achieved by a combination of the pattern imprint depth of the peripheral surface and the Poisson effect and/or a shape transformation due to the geometrical difference between the first and second sections and the Poisson effect.

According to an example, the geometry of the first channel part differs from that of the second channel part such that material passing through the first channel part changes form when entering the second channel part, wherein the main profile has a first cross-sectional area corresponding to the first cross-section geometry, and wherein the final profile has a second cross-sectional geometry defined by a second cross-section, wherein at any given comparable position, the first cross-sectional geometry differs from the second cross-sectional geometry, wherein the maximum The pressure and the minimum distance depend on the difference between the cross-sectional geometry of the main profile and the final profile.

This has the advantage that the second channel portion can be optimized according to the level of material transition from the main profile to the final profile.

According to an example, the rotating mold is configured to change shape according to a maximum allowable pressure prior to forming the profile product and/or during the formation of the final profile, wherein the counter bearing is configured to Pressure changes shape during the forming process of a formed profile product.

This has the further advantage that the rotating mold can be configured to change shape from the start-up procedure to steady state operating conditions due to heat and pressure during production, giving a predicted shape of the final profile. This has the further advantage that the counter bearing can be configured to change shape due to heat and pressure during production, in a similar way to give the predicted shape of the final profile.

According to an example, the first channel portion comprises side walls in the form of a top pre-bearing and an opposite bottom pre-bearing. The top pre-bearing is arranged above the opposite bottom pre-bearing in height direction and is advantageously positioned in or at least near the point where the first channel part transitions into the second channel part. An advantage here is that the top pre-bearing and/or the bottom pre-bearing can be optimized to release a specific main profile section geometry into the second channel part.

According to an example, the top pre-bearing and/or the bottom pre-bearing may also be configured in a similar manner to said rotating mold and/or counter-bearing to operate in a changing mode from the start-up process to the steady state.

According to an example, the maximum pressure and thus the minimum distance in the second channel part depends on the total feed rate of the material in the first channel part, the type of material and the temperature at which the material enters the second channel part.

This has the advantage that the second channel section can be optimized in terms of manufacturing speed and material.

According to an example, the maximum allowable pressure exerted by said rotating mold at the position of the smallest distance depends on the friction between the material in the second channel part and the counter bearing.

This has the advantage that the pattern in the final profile can be optimized according to the shear stress exerted from the counter bearing in the second channel part due to friction.

According to an example, the cross-sectional area of the second channel portion is configured to be dimensioned with respect to the shrinkage effect of the final profile cooling to the profile product having the final height.

According to an example, the pattern in said rotating mold is configured to be dimensioned with respect to the effect of shrinkage of the final profile on cooling to the profile product.

According to an example, the rotary mold is configured with a pattern of at least one indentation, wherein each indentation comprises a draft angle depending on the radius of the rotary mold, the desired pattern in the final profile, the configuration of the counter bearing and the final profile The travel speed to obtain the expected profile products. As the material is pressed into the cavity, the relief angle in the indentation is arranged relative to the relief angle in the corresponding height produced in the final profile. Since the rotary die rotates, the dimples can be arranged in a shape different from that in the profile product, considering that the rotation and release angles affect the shape of the protrusions in the final profile when they are released from the dimples in the production direction.

The advantage of this is that the pattern in the final profile can be optimized based on the design of the pattern in the rotary mold.

According to an example, the device is configured to supply friction material between the counter bearing and the final profile and/or is configured to supply friction material between the rotating mold and the final profile. An advantage here is that the friction sheet can be used to define and thus predict the friction between materials in either of the first and/or second channel parts. The friction material may be solid, liquid or gas and may be introduced into the device in any suitable manner. For example, the friction material may be introduced by feeding the material to the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing via separate channels arranged to connect to the first channel portion and/or the second channel portion. The friction material may alternatively be introduced into the rotating mold before the rotating mold is rotated into the second channel part, ie the friction material is moved into the second channel part together with the material of the rotating mold. The friction material may alternatively be introduced into the material before entering the first channel part, ie the friction material travels together with the material to be extruded and/or pultruded. If the friction material is solid, it may be introduced as a sheet or in any suitable form that allows the friction sheet to define friction between any material in the first and/or second channel portions. If the friction material is a liquid, it may be introduced by dripping or injecting the liquid according to any one or combination of the above examples, but not limited to the examples. If the friction material is a gas, it may be introduced by injecting gas according to any one or combination of the above examples, but is not limited to these examples.

The material fed into the device to form the profiled product may be in the form of one homogeneous material, or a mixture of two or more materials mixed and/or layered. These materials can be mixed in different proportions and can be mixed into a homogeneous mixture or a mixture with a gradient within the material. One material can be solid and the other malleable, such as stone bits and rubber. The material may also be a layered material comprising two or more layers of the same or different materials. The material may include one or more strings of solid material throughout the extrusion or pultrusion process, such as wire or other reinforcing material.

According to an example, the width of the first channel portion is smaller than the distance between two opposite side walls of the rotary mould, at least along a part of its length and at least along a part of its height. Therefore, the width of the first channel portion should be at least smaller than the distance between opposing first and second channel portion side walls in the second channel portion. The width difference between the first channel portion and the second channel portion depends on the characteristics of the first side portion and the second side portion and the distance between the rotating mold and the corresponding opposing first and second channel portion side walls tolerance. The width of the first channel section should be less than the distance between the opposing first and second channel section side walls minus the sum of the tolerances, i.e. the distance between the rotating mold side wall and the corresponding opposing first and second channel sections in the second channel section. The sum of the gaps between the side walls of the second channel section. If the first side portion and the second side portion comprise flange portions, see further explanation below, the width of the first channel portion is smaller than the distance between the two flange portions at least along a part of its length and at least along a part of its height. distance.

The advantage here is that, due to the geometrical difference of the first and second channel parts, a local pressure reduction is achieved in relation to the first and second outer edge parts.

According to an example, due to the geometrical difference between the first channel part and the second channel part and the wake effect associated with the first and/or second side part downstream of the first channel part, the first and/or second side part achieves Local pressure is reduced.

According to an example, the first channel portion comprises a third side extending in width direction, wherein the third side is arranged relative to the first side such that the pressure in the material to be extruded is less than when connected to the first side pressure connection to the third side portion when connected to the first side portion, and/or;

Wherein, the first channel portion comprises a fourth side portion extending in the width direction, wherein the fourth side portion is arranged relative to the second side portion such that the pressure in the material to be extruded connected to the second side portion is lower than that of the fourth side portion. Pressure on side connections. The advantage is that the third and fourth side parts create a wake effect, so the local pressure drops downstream of the third and fourth side parts, which further reduces the local pressure in the first and second side parts of the rotating mould.

According to an example, the first channel part comprises a leeward means connected to the third and/or fourth side part, said leeward means being arranged to reduce the space of the first channel part in a height direction perpendicular to the width direction.

According to an example, the first channel part comprises a leeward means connected to the third and/or fourth side part, said leeward means being arranged to reduce the space of the first channel part in the width direction. Combinations of said leeward devices are also possible.

According to an example, the leeward device is facing the height of the through passage. The protrusions can be arranged in the first channel section from top to bottom, or can be arranged in one or more parts along the distance from the top to the bottom of the first channel section. The leeward means are advantageously positioned in connection with the first side and the second side of the rotary mould.

An advantage of said leeward arrangement is that the third and fourth sides further reduce the local pressures associated with recesses and/or flanges in the first and second sides of the rotating mould, see below.

According to an example, the second channel part is arranged relative to the first channel part with a predetermined second distance between the radially outermost part of the circumferential surface of the rotating mold and the counter bearing in the channel part less than in the radial direction The predetermined first distance between the furthest separated parts of the first channel part intercepted in the height direction of , and/or wherein:

The second channel portion is arranged relative to the first channel portion with a predetermined fourth distance between innermost and narrowest portions of the channel portions in the width direction greater than the first channel taken in the width direction at the exit region of the first channel portion A predetermined third distance between sidewalls in the section.

The advantage is that, due to the wider second channel section, the narrower first channel section creates a wake effect downstream of the first channel section and is connected to the first and second side sections of the rotating mould.

According to an example, the peripheral surface includes a textured portion. The entire peripheral surface may be textured, but alternatively only a portion may be textured.

According to an example, the peripheral surface is untextured or has a microscopic pattern which leaves only very small marks on the profiled product, visible or invisible to the human eye.

According to an example, the channel portion comprises a second rotary mold arranged opposite to the above-mentioned first rotary mold. The second rotating die can replace the entire counter bearing, or it can be a part of the static counter bearing. The second rotary die can be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary die described above to form the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The second rotary mold may comprise recessed and/or flanged portions which may be arranged to cooperate with recessed and/or flanged portions of the first rotary mold.

According to an example, the channel portion comprises a third rotary mold arranged at an angle to the first rotary mold. The rotary mold completely or partially replaces the opposing first or second channel portion sidewall. The third rotary mold may be arranged with only the first rotary mold or with the first and second rotary molds.

According to an example, the channel portion comprises a fourth rotary mold arranged opposite to the third rotary mold. The third rotary mold may be arranged with the first rotary mold only or together with the first and second rotary molds, and the third and/or fourth rotary mold may be arranged in a manner similar to the first rotary mold described above, to Form the same or different patterns on both sides of profile products. The second rotary mold may comprise recessed and/or flanged portions which may be arranged to cooperate with recessed and/or flanged portions of the first rotary mold.

According to an example, two or more rotating molds are synchronized. This has the advantage of feeding the material at the same speed. However, it is also possible to use non-synchronized rotating dies to create friction and/or special patterns and/or to compensate for material differences, or to obtain curved profiles which follow a radius instead of a straight line at the exit of the rotating die.

In all of the above examples, a combination of textured and non-textured rotary dies can be used.

The invention also relates to a method of producing a profile product by using a device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said method comprises:

feeding material into said first channel part and forming it into a main profile in said first channel part,

Material is further fed to the second channel part and formed into the final profile in the second channel part.

Converting said final profile into said profile product.

According to an example, the final profile and/or profile product is stretched to achieve the same distance in the pattern in the production direction, ie to achieve an equal distance between the protrusions and/or depressions in the pattern in the production direction.

According to an example, the distance between the indentations in the pattern on the rotating mold is smaller than the distance between the indentations in the corresponding pattern on the profile product in the production direction, wherein the traction and stretching means are configured to stretch the final profile and/or the profile product, which allows high precision of the distance between features on the profile by adjusting the stretch.

Furthermore, extrusion refers to a process in which material is fed into the first channel portion by pressure to be formed in the first channel portion and the second channel portion. Pultrusion involves where the material to be formed is fed into the device and pulled through first and second channel sections. It should be noted that the device can be configured purely for extrusion or purely for pultrusion or a combination of both.

In addition, profile products refer to products that have three dimensional forms, namely length, width and height. Sections taken in the width and height planes of profiled products may be similar throughout the length, or may vary by location along the length. The cross-section may have any suitable two-dimensional shape, such as circular, elliptical, elliptical, ie two-sided, undulating, three or more sides or combinations thereof. One or more sides may be patterned, ie textured with one or more patterns. The pattern/texture is created by rotating the die.

It should be noted that the invention may vary within the scope of the claims and that the examples described above and below are not to be seen as limiting the invention.

For example, the first channel portion may be circumferentially delimited by static walls or may be arranged with one or more dynamic walls, as long as the material can be extruded or pultruded with the device according to the invention. The advantage of static walls is that they are cheap and strong.

According to an example, the first channel portion may be arranged centrally with respect to the second channel. This has the advantage of an even distribution of the flow of material entering the second channel. The first and second side portions can be arranged centrally with respect to the first channel portion, with the advantage of having an evenly distributed pressure drop over the rotating mould.

For example, the device may comprise a plurality of rotating devices arranged side by side, ie the rotating device may comprise two or more rotating devices having a common axis of rotation. The different rotary devices may be arranged in separate second channels or may be arranged in a common separate channel. Different swivels may have the same or different textures to produce the same or different patterns on the profiled product. Thus, the profile product can consist of one or more inner profiles extending in the production direction and produced by different rotating devices. The different strands can be separated into individual products at predetermined separation lines, which can overlap the separation of the different rotary devices. However, a single rotating mold may include patterns/textures that separate similar or different patterns such that the shaped product includes one or more strands of inner molding extending along the production direction. Here too, the strands can be separable in the shaped product.

According to an example, the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing comprise cooling means which cool the material while forming the final profile. This has the advantage of achieving a predetermined temperature of the material for optimum material properties of the profile product. For some materials, the temperature of the material during extrusion and/or pultrusion is critical to the quality of the profile product. Temperature is also important due to the frictional properties of the material with the rotating die and/or counter bearings. The cooling device can be arranged, for example, in the form of a cooling circuit, wherein a gaseous or liquid fluid conductor is arranged inside the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing; and/or an external device for cooling the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing; and/or added to the A liquid or gaseous fluid rotating the mold and/or counter bearings; or a combination of such devices or any other suitable cooling device.

According to an example, the rotating die is configured to be cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the rotating die surface is lower than a predetermined allowable temperature of the extruded material.

According to an example, the rotating mold is cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the surface of the rotating mold is at least 10 degrees Celsius lower than the glass transition temperature or melting temperature of the material.

According to an example, the rotating die is cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the rotating die surface is at least 50 degrees Celsius below the glass transition or melting temperature of the material, enabling higher extrusion speeds.

The device may further be arranged for co-extrusion and/or co-extrusion with one or more inlet channels connected to the first channel part. Thus, one or more materials may be fed to the first channel part via one channel, but two or more materials may be fed to the first channel part via one inlet channel or channel inlets. The number of inlet channels may be the same as the number of materials, or the number of inlet channels may be less than the number of materials if two or more materials are fed via one inlet channel.

Two or more materials may be fed to the first channel section and/or the second channel section through an inlet channel or channel inlets. The number of inlet channels may be the same or greater than the number of materials, or the number of inlet channels may be less than the number of materials if two or more materials are fed via one inlet channel.

The invention also relates to a coextrusion and/or extrusion device comprising an extrusion and/or pultrusion device according to the above. The coextrusion device and/or the extrusion device comprises at least two inlet channels directly or indirectly connected to the second channel part, wherein each of the at least two inlet channels is configured to be predetermined upstream of the second channel part The distance supplies one or more materials, or is connected to the junction of at least two inlet channels, to where the first channel portion transitions to the second channel portion.

An advantage is that co-extrusion and/or up-extrusion allow the manufacture of layered profile products and/or profile products with different materials and/or profile products with a core embedded in surrounding material, eg wires, toothed belts etc.

According to an example, the device according to any of the above examples comprises a pulling and stretching device arranged downstream of the second channel part and configured to draw the material in the production direction on leaving the second channel part to transform the final profile into Profile products.

According to an example, the distance between the indentations in the pattern on the rotating die is smaller than the distance between the protrusions in the corresponding pattern in the production direction of the profile product, wherein the pulling and stretching means are used to pull the final profile and/or profile product Stretch, so that high precision of profile feature spacing can be achieved by adjusting the stretch. The distance between the dents in the rotating die is taken from the direction of rotation, that is, the outer peripheral surface along the direction of rotation.

An advantage is that the pulling and stretching device can dynamically stretch the material during the transition from the final profile to the profile product, for example in order to obtain an equidistant pattern in the production direction of the profile product. Pulling and stretching devices can also be used to guide the end product in width and/or height direction to control bending during the transition of the end product from end product to profile product.

The pulling and stretching means may be any type of means including means for gripping material and means for pulling. According to an example, the pulling and stretching device comprises control means for controlling the pulling force applied to the material. The control means may comprise and/or may be connected to one or more sensors which monitor the status of the final profile and/or material during the transition from the final profile to the profile product. The sensors include means for sending analog and/or digital information to the control means. Said information relates to the state of the material, and the control means are configured to process this information to control the pulling and stretching means.

This allows good precision in the distances between three-dimensional longitudinal features of the profile, such as the teeth in a pinion rack, and makes it possible to stretch the profile to allow high equidistance between teeth in a pinion rack or toothed belt precision is possible.

This also makes it possible to design rotary dies, resulting in profile products with intentionally slightly shorter distances between 3D features prior to stretching, and to provide room for stretching/pull calibration.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described below in conjunction with some accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a device according to an example of the present invention viewed from below along section A-A in Fig. 2 .

Figure 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional perspective side view of the device according to the invention.

Figure 2A schematically shows a view similar to Figure 2, but including treated material.

Fig. 2B schematically shows a side view along section B-B in Fig. 1 according to an example.

Fig. 2C schematically shows a side view along section B-B in Fig. 1 according to an example.

Fig. 2D schematically shows a side view along section B-B in Fig. 1 according to an example.

Fig. 3A schematically shows a front view of a rotary mold according to an example.

Fig. 3B schematically illustrates a perspective view of a rotary mold according to an example.

Figure 4 schematically shows the reinforced portion of the rotary mold and the final profile in any of Figures 2B-2D.

FIG. 4A schematically shows a reinforced portion of the final profile in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 4B schematically shows the reinforced part of the rotary mold in FIG. 4 .

Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a device according to an example of the present invention.

Fig. 6 schematically shows a perspective rear view and an outlet of a device according to an example of the present invention.

Fig. 7 schematically shows a section of the main profile taken in the first section of Fig. 5 and a section of the final profile taken in the second section of Fig. 5 according to an example.

Figure 8 schematically shows the pattern in the final profile and the second section of the final profile taken in the second section of Figure 5 when the rotary mold has imprinted and when the rotary mold has not imprinted the pattern in the final profile.

Figure 9 schematically shows a rear view and exit of a rotary die assembly comprising three rotary dies.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a perspective view of the element according to FIG. 9 .

Figure 11 schematically shows a rear view and exit of a rotary die assembly comprising four rotary dies.

FIG. 12 schematically shows a perspective view of the assembly according to FIG. 11 .

Figures 13-18 schematically show a coextrusion device and/or an extrusion device comprising a device according to any of Figures 1-12.

Fig. 13 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a coextrusion device and/or extrusion device according to an example.

Fig. 14 schematically shows a perspective view of a coextrusion device and/or extrusion device according to an example.

Fig. 15 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a coextrusion device and/or extrusion device according to an example.

Figure 16 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a coextrusion and/or extrusion device comprising two opposing rotating dies according to an example.

Figure 17 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a coextrusion device and/or extrusion device according to an example comprising a rotating die.

Figure 18 schematically shows an example where the first inlet channel conveys a continuous solid material in the form of a line or the like and the material is extruded or pultruded in the first and second channel sections.

Fig. 19 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for producing a profile product using the apparatus according to that described in connection with Figs. 1-18.

Detailed ways

The invention will be described below with reference to a number of figures. Like features will be represented by like numerals throughout the drawings.

Here, the front view with the inlet and the rear view with the outlet serve as an orientation for the reader in terms of the production direction, where the material to be processed is inserted into the inlet and the profiled product exits the device through the outlet after being formed in the device.

In some figures, the production direction is indicated as PD with an arrow pointing in the production direction.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a view of a device according to an example of the present invention along section A-A in Fig. 2, ie below the height direction Z, and Fig. 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the device in Fig. 1 . Figures 1 and 2 show an extrusion or pultrusion device 1, 1a for extrusion or pultrusion in the production direction Y of a profile product 2, see Figures 2A-2D and Figures 4, 4A, 4B, 7 and 8, made of plastically deformable material and/or viscoplastic material.

The devices include:

A rotary mold 3 extending in the radial direction R and in the width direction X has two opposing first and second side walls 5, 6 and an outer peripheral surface 4 extending in the width direction X between them, wherein the rotary mold 3 comprising a first side portion 23 connected to the first side wall 5 and a second side portion 25 connected to the second side wall 6 and an intermediate portion 22 extending between the first and second side portions 23, 25; and

A profile-defining zone 7 with a longitudinal direction Y overlapping the production direction Y, a height direction Z and a width direction X perpendicular to the height direction Z, comprising a through-channel 8 comprising a first channel portion 9 followed by reference to the production direction in the first A second channel section 10 downstream of the channel section 9, wherein said rotary mold 3 is rotatable about an axis extending through the production direction Y and is arranged to allow the peripheral surface 4 to pass through the profile-defining zone 7 while the rotary mold 3 is rotating When supplied, pressure is applied to the surface of the material, wherein;

The first channel portion 9 is bounded circumferentially by one or more walls 11,

in,

The second channel portion 10 is defined in the circumferential direction as:

rotating the outer peripheral surface 4 of the mold 3, and

Channel section 13 contains,

The counter bearing 14 shown in Figure 2 is opposite to the rotary mold 3, and

Opposite first and second channel portion side walls 15 , 16 between the rotating mold 3 and the counter bearing 14 .

According to an exemplary embodiment, Figures 1, 2, 2A-2D schematically show that the first channel portion 9 is configured to deform the material into a main profile 36 with a maximum height H1 depending on a predetermined feed rate of the material and the smallest cross-sectional area in the first channel portion 9 with the first maximum height D1. When the main profile 36 exits the first channel part 9, the second channel part 10 is configured to further deform the material into a final profile 37 with a minimum height H2 by means of a rotating die 3 configured to apply an increase in the main profile 36. The pressure against the counter bearing 14. Wherein the rotary mold 3 is configured such that the minimum distance D2 between the rotary mold 3 and the counter bearing 14 depends on the maximum allowable pressure applied by the rotary mold 3 at the position of the minimum distance D2, wherein the maximum allowable pressure corresponds to the main profile 36 and The maximum height difference of the final profile 37 and depends on the pattern 38 in the peripheral surface 4 of the rotating mold 3 .

The advantage here is that the maximum load is controlled in both the first and the second channel section, which makes it possible to design the extrusion and/or pultrusion device according to the material to be processed and the processing speed. Controlling the maximum load according to the material to be processed enables productivity of high-quality output and reduces risks, such as cracking due to excessive stress on the material.

FIG. 2A schematically shows a view similar to FIG. 2 and the material is formed into the main profile 36 in the first channel part 9 and then directly into the final profile 37 in the second channel part 10 . FIG. 2A also shows that, due to the further pressure on the main profile 36 in the second channel part 10 , the final profile 37 has a height H1 which is smaller than the height H2 of the main profile 36 . FIG. 2A also shows that the height H3 of the product profile 2 is smaller than the height H1 of the final profile 36 due to shrinkage from the final profile 37 to the product profile 2 . In FIG. 2A, the rotary mold does not have the dimples 38 as shown in FIGS. 2B-2D. Comparing Figures 2B-2D with Figure 2A, it can be seen that the rotating die 3 in Figure 2A, as shown in Figure 2B, is rotating so that the part of the rotating die 3 that presses the material against the counter bearing 14 is not concave. mark 38 and thus exerts maximum pressure on the material.

FIG. 2B schematically shows a side view along section B-B in FIG. 1 and is similar to FIG. 2A , but the turning device is turned so that the part of the turning mold 3 pressed against the material against the counter bearing 14 does not include the indentation 38 . FIGS. 2C and 2D show a device 1 , 1 a similar to FIG. 2B , but with the rotary mold 3 rotated so that the indentation 38 with the bottom 44 faces said counter bearing 14 .

Figure 2B schematically shows an initial zone A, in which the material is pressed into the first channel part 9 by means (not shown) or by means of means (not shown) which apply external pressure in the production direction, i.e. extrusion, and /or the material is drawn through the first channel 9 by means (not shown) which draw the material in the production direction PD, ie pultrusion. Region A of the device comprises a funnel-shaped opening 43 in which the material changes shape from an initial shape having a larger cross-section than the first channel portion 9 . However, the shape of the opening can vary depending on the material, temperature, and device extruding the material.

Figure 2B schematically shows a zone B arranged immediately after zone A, wherein zone B corresponds to the first channel part 9, wherein the main profile 36 is formed due to the movement of the material from the first channel part 9 as the material moves through the first channel part 9. Pressure exerted by side walls 11 in a channel portion 9 on the material causes the material to change shape.

Figure 2B schematically shows a zone C arranged immediately after zone B, wherein zone C corresponds to the second channel part 10, wherein the formation of the final profile 36 is due to at least The pressure exerted on the material by the rotating mold 3 and the opposing counter bearing 14 in the second channel part 10 causes the material to change shape.

Figure 2B shows schematically a zone D arranged directly after zone C, where zone D corresponds to the part of the production line after the second channel part 10 and where the material starts to cool and the final profile 36 starts to change shape due to contraction due to temperature drop. In zone D, various production measures can be applied to the final profile 37 to obtain the desired material properties. For example, cooling, heating, stretching, compression etc. to transform the final profile 37 into a profile product 2 with the desired material properties.

The length of the D zone depends on the material properties and the working environment around the D zone material. Material properties such as heat dissipation and mass of the material to be cooled. For example, thinner material cools faster than thicker material. The working environment refers to, for example, ambient temperature and humidity. For example, a warm environment slows down the cooling process compared to a cool environment.

Figure 2B schematically shows a zone E arranged after zone D, wherein zone E corresponds to a part of the production line in which the material has been cooled to a predetermined temperature representing the temperature at which the final shape of the product profile is established and in which there is no or Variations in infinitesimal forms will continue. FIG. 2B shows that the height H3 of the profile product in zone E is smaller than the height H2 of the final profile 37 . In the same way, the pattern 39 of the final profile 37 has shrunk to the pattern 40 in zone E due to cooling.

FIG. 2B shows an example in which a device 1 , 1 a according to any of the above examples comprises a drawing and stretching device 54 arranged downstream of the second channel part 10 and configured to draw in the production direction PD when leaving the second channel part 10 material to transform the final profile 37 into a profile product 2.

An advantage is that the pulling and stretching device can dynamically stretch the material during the transition from the final profile to the profile product, for example in order to obtain an equidistant pattern in the production direction of the profile product. Pulling and stretching devices can also be used to guide the end product in width and/or height direction to control bowing during the transition of the end product from end product to profile product.

According to an example, the distance between the indentations 38 in the pattern 38 on the rotary mold 3 is smaller than the distance between the protrusions 40 in the corresponding pattern 38 on the profile product 2 along the production direction, wherein the traction and stretching device 54 Used to stretch the final profile 37 and/or the profile product 2 to achieve high precision of profile feature spacing by adjusting the stretching.

The pulling and stretching device may be any type of device including devices for gripping material and devices for pulling. According to an example, the pulling and stretching device comprises control means 55 for controlling the tension applied to the material. The control means 55 may comprise one or more sensors and/or may be connected to one or more sensors 56 which monitor the status of the final profile and/or material during its transition from final profile to profile product. The sensors include means for sending analog and/or digital information to the control means. Said information relates to the state of the material, and the control means are configured to process this information to control the pulling and stretching means. In FIG. 2B , the rotating mold 3 and/or the counter bearing 14 comprise cooling means 57 which cool the material as the final profile 37 is formed. This has the advantage of achieving a predetermined temperature of the material for optimum material properties of the profile product. For some materials, the temperature of the material during extrusion and/or pultrusion is critical to the quality of the profile product. Temperature is also important due to the frictional properties of the material with the rotating die and/or counter bearings. The cooling device can be arranged, for example, in the form of a cooling circuit, wherein a gaseous or liquid fluid conductor is arranged inside the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing; and/or an external device for cooling the rotating mold and/or the counter bearing; and/or added to the A liquid or gaseous fluid rotating the mold and/or counter bearings; or a combination of such devices or any other suitable cooling device. It should be noted that the rotary mold 3 may be configured to operate without the cooling device 57 in Figure 2B, such as shown in Figures 2C-2D.

According to an example, the rotating die 3 is configured to be cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the rotating die surface is lower than a predetermined allowable temperature of the extruded material.

According to an example, the rotating mold is cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the surface of the rotating mold is at least 10 degrees Celsius lower than the glass transition temperature or melting temperature of the material.

According to an example, the rotating die is cooled on the surface such that the temperature of the rotating die surface is at least 50 degrees Celsius below the glass transition or melting temperature of the material, enabling higher extrusion speeds.

2B-2D schematically show that the rotary mold 3 comprises a pattern 38 comprising at least one indentation 38 in the peripheral surface 4 . In Figures 2B-2D, the pattern 38 includes 4 indentations, but the number of indentations is only an illustrative example here, and there may be more or fewer in the pattern developed on the rotating die in a predetermined design. Dents, depending on the desired profile product 2 features. The indentations may have any suitable shape, such as oval, circular, polygonal or a mixture of these or other shapes. The indentation 38 has a bottom 44 at the maximum depth of the indentation and the indentations may have different or similar depths. Between the indentations 38 , the rotary mold comprises a portion having a minimum distance D2 between the rotary mold 3 and the counter bearing 14 when facing the counter bearing 14 . The indentation 38 with the largest distance between the bottom 44 and the counter bearing 14 forms the largest distance D22 between the rotary mold 3 and the counter bearing 14 when facing said counter bearing, see FIGS. 2C and 2D .

According to an example, the minimum distance D2 in the height direction Z between the peripheral surface 4 and the counter bearing 14 in the second section 17 is smaller than the maximum distance D1 in the height direction in the first section 12 .

FIGS. 2C and 2D schematically show the same side view as FIG. 2B , with the zones as described above, but with the rotary mold 3 rotated so that one notch 38 faces said counter bearing 14 .

2C and 2D schematically show that the rotary mold 3 is configured at the maximum distance D22 between the bottom 44 of the indentation 38 and the counter bearing 14, depending on the minimum allowable pressure applied by the rotary mold at the position of the maximum distance D22, to Plastic deformation of the material in the indentation 38 is achieved.

FIGS. 2B-2D show schematically that the mold 38 in the rotary mold 3 is configured to be dimensioned with respect to the shrinkage effect on cooling to the final profile 37 of the profile product 2 .

It should be noted that the pattern 38 in the rotary mold 3 can be arranged such that if the pattern 38 is arranged, the device 1, 1a simultaneously exhibits a minimum distance D2 and a maximum distance D22, so that the indentations are located in the peripheral surface 4, the surrounding part of the peripheral surface 4 , at least in the width direction X, when facing the counter bearing 14 does not include a dimple. Alternatively, the pattern 38 comprises a plurality of indentations 38 spread in the width direction X, with the non-indented portions between them facing said counter bearing 14 at the same time. Here, the rotating die 3 exerts a maximum pressure due to the minimum distance D2 in the non-dimpled part and a minimum pressure due to the minimum distance D22 in the dimpled part during at least a short time interval. The design choice of maximum and minimum pressure further allows for an optimized form change from the main profile to the final profile according to the material such that the material in the indentation fills the indentation and deforms while rotating the material between the outermost parts of the die in a radial direction Do not exceed the maximum pressure allowed by the material and/or design of the extrusion and/or pultrusion device. It should also be noted that some materials exhibit properties that allow easy filling of dents due to the initial pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dent. When the dimples are filled, a steady state condition with respect to the differential pressure is achieved within a short time. In this steady state condition, the pressure in the material is balanced and the pressure difference is minimized. For some materials, the pressure in the dimple and the surrounding non-dimpled portion may be equal or substantially equal during the portion of the operation where the dimple is facing the counter bearing and the dimple is filled.

It should also be noted that the circumferential distance between the indentations 38 of the rotating die may differ from that given in the finished profile product, if it is rolled around the rotating die, allowing compensation and adjustment of the distance between features, e.g. by Stretching of the final profile after extrusion to obtain high precision of the finished profile product.

FIG. 2C schematically shows that the top 41 of the wall 11 in the first channel part 9 , hereinafter also referred to as the pre-bearing 41 , is arranged with a height level in the Z direction when the indentation 38 is towards the counter bearing 14 . At the level of the maximum height of the bottom 44 of the indentation 38 . Figure 2D schematically shows that when the indentation 38 is towards the counter bearing 14, the top 41 of the wall 11 in the first channel part 9 is arranged at a height in the Z direction which is lower than the maximum height level of the bottom 44 of the indentation 38 level. The height level of the top 41 can vary depending on the material and pattern 38 in the rotating mold 3 and how the material changes shape to fill the indentation 38 by plastic deformation.

2A , 2B, 2C and to 2D schematically show that the first channel portion 9 comprises a side wall 11 in the form of a top pre-bearing 41 and an opposite bottom pre-bearing 42 . The top pre-bearing 41 is arranged above the opposite bottom pre-bearing 42 in the height direction Z.

According to an example, the cross-sectional area A1 of the second channel portion 10 is configured to be dimensioned with respect to the shrinkage effect of the final profile 37 cooling down to the profile product 2 having a final height H3.

According to an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 1 schematically shows that the width D3 of the first channel portion 9 is smaller than the distance D4 between two opposite sides at least along a part of its length and at least along a part of its height. 5,6. Therefore, the width of the first channel portion 9 should be at least smaller than the distance between the opposing first and second channel portion side walls 15 , 16 in the second channel portion 10 . The difference in width between the first channel portion 9 and the second channel portion 10 depends on the characteristics of the first and second side portions 23, 25 and the relationship between the rotary mold 3 and the corresponding opposing first and second channel portion side walls 15, The difference between 16. The width D3 of the first channel part 9 should be less than the distance D4 which is the sum of the distances between the opposing first and second channel part side walls 15, 16 minus the tolerance, i.e. the rotating mold side walls 5, 6 and The sum of the gaps between respective opposing first and second channel portion side walls 15 , 16 in the second channel portion 10 . If the first side portion and the second side portion comprise flange portions 18, 19, see further explanation below, the width D3 of the first channel portion 9 is less than two along at least part of its length and at least part of its height. The distance D4 between the flange portions 18,19.

An advantage is that, due to the geometrical difference of the first and second channel parts 9, 10, a local pressure reduction is achieved in relation to the first and second outer edge parts 5, 6. The local decompression reduces the flow velocity of the material, which eliminates leakage problems between the first side wall 5 and the first and first channel portion side walls 15 ; between the second side wall 6 and the second channel portion side wall 16 . This is explained further below and in conjunction with other earth leakage protection strategies. Figure 1 shows an additional example and Figure 5 shows another example of an earth leakage protection strategy. Different examples can be combined, which is explained further below.

It should be noted that the rotary mold 3 can be cylindrical or non-cylindrical and textured or untextured depending on the desired profile of the profiled product.

According to an example shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B , prior to forming the profile product 2 , the rotary mold 3 may be configured to change shape during the formation of the final profile 37 according to the maximum allowable pressure. In Figures 3A and 3B at least the middle portion 22 of the circumferential surface 4 of the rotating mold 3 is convex so as to allow bending due to at least forces and temperatures during steady state production so that the predicted pattern 39 can be obtained during steady state operation Implemented in final configuration file 37. Here, steady state operation refers to the stable operating conditions after starting the procedure.

According to an example (not shown), the counter bearing 14 is configured to change shape during the forming of the profile 2 according to the maximum allowable pressure before forming the profile 2 . According to an example (not shown), the top pre-bearing 41 and/or the bottom pre-bearing 42 may also be configured in a similar manner to change from a start-up procedure to a steady-state operation.

According to an example shown in FIGS. 4 , 4A and 4B , the rotary mold 3 is provided with a pattern 38 having at least one indentation 38 with a bottom 44 at a corresponding height to that in the pattern 39 in the final profile 37 Each indentation 38 includes a release angle a2 compared to the release angle a1. The draft angles a1 and a2 depend on the radius of the rotating mold 3 , the desired pattern 39 in the final profile 37 , the configuration of the counter bearing and the travel speed of the final profile 37 . However, a1 is greater than a2 depending on the radius of the rotary mold 3 and the type of pattern 38 in the rotary mold 3 .

4, 4A and 4B show that the dimples 38 in the pattern 38 have a height D23, or depth, in the radial direction R from the bottom 44 of the dimples 38 to the dimple delimiting portion in the outer peripheral surface 4 of the rotary mold 3 . The height D23 in FIG. 2B plus the distance D2 is equal to the maximum distance D22 in FIGS. 2C and 2D , and thus relates to the minimum allowable pressure to achieve plastic deformation of the material in the indentation 38 . FIG. 4A further shows that the pattern 39 in the final profile has a height H4 corresponding to the depth D23 between the bottom 40 of the indentation 38 and the outermost circumference of the rotary mold 3 .

In FIG. 1 , the first side portion 23 includes a first flange portion 18 extending in a radial direction R extending beyond at least a portion of the radial extension of the middle portion 22 , and wherein the second side portion 25 includes a radially extending portion 18 extending in a radial direction R. The extended second flange portion 19 extends beyond the radial extent of at least a portion of the central portion 22 .

The first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 are arranged to prevent movement of material outside the rotary mold 3 in a direction towards the opposing first and second channel portion side walls 15 , 16 .

The rotary mold 3 shown at least in Figures 2B-2D, 4, 4A and 4B may be arranged without flange portions.

Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 6 schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of the device in Fig. 5 . In Fig. 5, one or more walls 11 define a first section 12 at the end of the first channel part 9, and wherein the second channel part 10 defines a second section 174 at the position of the distance between the circumferential surfaces and reverse The bearing 14 is minimal in that the first channel portion 9 has a different geometry than the second channel portion 10 such that material passing through the first channel portion 9 changes shape when entering the second channel portion 10 .

FIG. 7 schematically shows a section of the main profile 36 taken in the first section 12 of FIG. 5 and a section of the final profile 37 taken in the second section 17 of FIG. 5 according to an example;

Referring also to Figures 1-2D, Figure 7 schematically shows a cross-section of a master profile 36 and a final profile 37 when a non-textured rotary mold is used, ie without the pattern 38 having indentations 38 as described above.

Figure 8 shows schematically the first section of the main profile 36 taken in the first section 12 of Figure 5 and the first section of the final section 37 taken in the second section 17 of Figure 5 when the rotary mold 3 has been imprinted The pattern 39 of , and when the rotary mold 3 does not emboss the pattern 39 in the final profile, the second section of the final profile 37 taken in the second section 17 of FIG. 5 ;

Referring also to Figures 1-2D, Figure 8 schematically shows a cross-section of a master profile 36 and a final profile 37, ie having a pattern 38 of indentations 38 as described above, when a textured rotary mold is used. Rotating the pattern 38 in the mold produces a corresponding opposite pattern 39 in the final profile, ie when the pattern 38 in the rotating mold 3 comprises indentations 38 it results in a corresponding opposite pattern 39 comprising protrusions 39 in the final profile 37 . In FIG. 8 , the section of the final profile 37 is indicated as 37 a when the final profile has a rise 39 caused by the indentation 38 . In FIG. 8 , the section of the final profile 37 is indicated as 37b when the final profile lacks the protrusions 39 caused by the peripheral surface 4 of the rotating mold 3 in the spaces between the indentations 38 .

Referring to FIGS. 1-2D and FIGS. 7 and 8 , the main profile 36 has a first cross-sectional area geometry A1 corresponding to the first cross-section 12, and wherein the final profile 37 has a second cross-sectional geometry A2 defined by the second cross-section 17, where the first cross-sectional geometry A1 differs from the second cross-sectional geometry A2 at any given comparable position, wherein the maximum pressure and the minimum distance D2 in the second channel portion 10 depend on the cross-sectional geometry A1 of the main profile 36 and the final profile 37 differences in section geometry A2.

Figure 5 shows that the wall 11 is stationary and defines a first section 12 at the end of the first channel part 9 and wherein the second channel part 10 defines a second channel part 10 at a position where the distance D2 between the circumferential surface 4 and the counter bearing 14 is smallest. Two sections 17, and wherein the geometry of the first channel portion 9 is different from that of the second channel portion 10, such that material passing through the first channel portion 9 changes shape when entering the second channel portion 10.

The minimum distance D2 in the height direction Z between the outer peripheral surface 4 and the counter bearing 14 in the second section 17 is smaller than the maximum distance D1 in the height direction in the first section 12 . This has the advantage of forcing the material to change form and start to flow in different directions, depending on the shape and form of the rotating mold 3 and of the counter bearing 14 opposite the rotating mold 3 .

Due to the geometrical differences in the first channel section 9 and the second channel section 10, the pressure in the second channel section 10 is increased or maintained to such a level that the material will transition quickly enough to saturate the second channel section, including the rotation of the mould. imprint.

The geometric variations of the main profile 36 and the final profile 37 in Figures 7 and 8 relate to all the examples discussed above and below. It should be noted that the first channel portion 9 and the second channel portion 10 may be formed to have different cross-sectional geometries, such as oval, circular, polygonal, wavy, or a combination of one or more shapes.

1-2D, the second channel portion 10 is advantageously arranged with a predetermined second distance D2 relative to the first channel portion 9, as shown in FIG. The counter bearing 14 in the channel portion 13 is smaller than the predetermined first distance D1, as shown in FIG. 5 , between the farthest parts of the first channel portion 9 taken along the height direction Z consistent with the radial direction;

and/or where:

The second channel portion 10 is arranged at a predetermined fourth distance D4 with respect to the first channel portion 9, as shown in FIG. D3, as shown in FIG. 1 , is between the side walls of the first channel portion taken along the width direction X at the outlet region of the first channel.

This change in height and width forces the material to reform and the narrower first channel part gives a locally reduced pressure on entering the channel part because the first and second side parts are in the wake, i.e. in the first channel behind the side walls in the

Furthermore, referring to FIG. 1 , the first and second side walls 5, 6 are positioned relative to the first and second channel portion side walls 15, 16 such that the first and second side walls 5, 6 are rotatably connected to the first and the second channel part side walls 15 , 16 , tolerances are set according to the product material and the geometric relationship between the first and second channel part 9 , 10 .

The outer peripheral surface 4 may include a textured portion 30 which may cover all of the rotary mold except the annular recessed portion, or the first side portion 4 may include a non-textured portion 31 extending between the first flange portion 18 and the textured portion 30 , and the second side portion 25 includes a non-textured portion 32 located between the second flange portion 19 and the textured portion 30 .

The non-textured portions 31 , 32 advantageously have a radius smaller than the radius of the embossed depth of the textured portion 30 , especially in the portion of the annular recess 19 .

However, according to an example (not shown), the peripheral surface 4 may be untextured but have a smooth surface or a micropatterned surface. Untextured rotary molds can have cylindrical or wavy shapes.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a rear view and outlet of an assembly of a rotary mold 3 comprising three rotary molds 3 , 33 , 34 , and FIG. 10 schematically shows a perspective view of the assembly according to FIG. 9 . Referring to FIGS. 1 , 5 and 6 , the channel portion 13 includes a second rotary mold 33 arranged opposite to the first rotary mold 3 to replace the counter bearing 14 in FIGS. 1 , 5 and 6 . The second rotating 33 die may entirely replace the counter bearing 14 or may be part of a stationary counter bearing 14 (not shown). The second rotary mold 33 may be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary mold 3 described above to form the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The second rotary mold 33 may comprise an annular recess and/or flange portion which may be arranged to cooperate with the annular recess 29 and/or flange portions 18 , 19 of the first rotary mold 3 .

According to an example shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , the channel portion 13 (shown in FIGS. 1 , 5 and 6 ) comprises a third rotary mold 34 arranged at an angle to the first rotary mold. The rotary mold completely or partially replaces the opposing first or second channel portion side wall 15,16. The third rotary mold 34 may be arranged with only the first rotary mold or with the first and second rotary molds. Thus, the above arrangement with the first rotating mold 3 and the second counter rotating mold 33 can be assembled without the third rotating mold 34 .

FIG. 11 schematically shows a rear view and outlet of a rotary mold assembly comprising four rotary molds, and wherein FIG. 12 schematically shows a perspective view of the assembly according to FIG. 19 . FIGS. 11 and 12 show that the channel portion 13 (as shown in FIGS. 1 , 5 and 6 ) includes a fourth rotary mold 35 arranged opposite a third rotary mold 34 . The fourth rotary mold 34 can alternatively be arranged only with the first rotary mold 3 or with the first and second rotary molds 3 , 33 .

The third and/or fourth rotary dies 34, 35 may be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary die 3 described above to form the same or different patterns on both sides of the profiled product. The third and/or fourth rotary mold 34 , 35 may comprise an annular recess and/or flange portion which may be arranged to cooperate with the annular recess 29 and/or flange portion 18 , 19 of the first rotary mold 3 .

According to an example, two or more rotating molds are synchronized. This has the advantage of feeding the material at the same speed. However, it is also possible to use asynchronously rotating dies to create friction and/or special patterns and/or to compensate for material differences.

The device may be provided with a combination of textured and non-textured rotary molds 3; 33; 34; 35.

13-19 schematically show a coextrusion device 1a and/or an extrusion device 1a comprising an extrusion and/or pultrusion device 1 according to any of the above examples, wherein said device 1a comprises at least two inlet channels 45 , 46, 47 are directly or indirectly connected to said second channel portion 10, wherein each of at least two inlet channels 45, 46, 47 is configured to supply one or Multiple materials, or junctions to at least two inlet channels 45 , 46 , 47 , are connected where the first channel portion 9 transitions to the second channel portion 10 .

Here, co-extrusion means that at least two material streams are processed together and form a main profile and then processed into a final profile, or at least two material streams are processed together and form a final profile. Extrusion here means a location where at least two streams of material are positioned in a layered manner by being processed together and forming the main profile and then entering the final profile, or by bringing at least two streams of material into the main profile at a joint point, At least two streams of material are then processed together and formed into the final profile in the second channel part 10 .

Fig. 13 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a device 1, 1a, 1a according to the invention. Figure 13 shows that the profile confinement 7 comprises a first inlet channel 45 in the form of a first channel part 9 and a second inlet channel 46 in the form of a third channel part 46 connected to the profile confinement 7 upstream of the second channel part 10, For feeding additional material to the second channel part 10 to form a laminated profile product 2 from the material from the first channel part 9 .

According to an example, the third channel portion 46 is an extruded or pultruded channel similar to the first channel portion 9 , arranged to process the material. According to an example, the third channel portion 46 is a conveying unit of which the third channel portion 46 is configured for conveying material to the profile-defining area 7 .

Figure 14 schematically shows a perspective view of the device according to the invention, and Figure 15 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of the device according to the invention. FIGS. 13-15 show in different ways the device 1 , 1 a , 1 a comprising one rotating device 3 as described above and two streams of material brought together via the first and third channel parts 9 , 46 .

Figure 16 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of the device according to the invention, wherein said device comprises two opposing rotating molds 3,33. Figure 16 further shows that the device 1, 1a comprises a first inlet channel 45 in the form of a first channel part and a second inlet channel 46 in the form of a third channel part 46 connected to the profile-defining region 7 upstream of the second channel part 10, For feeding additional material to the second channel part 10 to form a laminated profile product 2 from the material from the first channel part 9 . FIG. 16 further shows that the device comprises a third inlet channel 47 in the form of a fourth channel portion 47 for feeding a third material into the profile-defining area 7 .

According to an example, the fourth channel portion 47 is an extruded or pultruded channel similar to the first channel portion 9 , arranged to process the material. According to an example, the fourth channel portion 47 is a fourth channel portion configured as a conveying unit for conveying material to the profile delimitation area 7 .

Figure 17 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a device 1 according to the invention comprising a rotating mold 3 and first, third and fourth channel sections 9, 44, 45, according to the discussion in relation to Figure 16 , for feeding three different materials into the profile-defining area 7 .

It should be noted that in FIGS. 13-17 the first inlet channel 45 may be the first channel part 9 or the inlet channel 45 delivering material to the first channel part 9 .

Figure 17 shows an example where the first inlet channel 45 conveys solid material 50, for example connecting wires etc. One or more materials to be extruded or pultruded are introduced into the two-channel portion 10 . One or more materials may be layered on or may surround a solid material.

Figure 18 schematically shows an example of a continuous solid material in the form of a first inlet channel 45 conveying a line or the like, and extruded or pultruded material in the first and second channel parts 9,10. In FIG. 18 , the first inlet channel 45 and the second inlet channel 46 are arranged such that material from the second inlet channel 46 surrounds and embeds the solid material 50 . In FIG. 18 , the second inlet channel 46 comprises a pressurized chamber 51 upstream of the first channel portion 9 for forming material around solid material 50 . The pressurized chamber 51 comprises a rear wall 52 delimiting the pressurized chamber. The second inlet channel 46 includes a feed channel 53 leading to a pressurized chamber 51 for feeding material into the chamber 51 . The rear wall 52 includes a first inlet channel 45 which conveys solid material 50 and acts as a stop for leakage of material in the chamber through the first inlet channel 45 . Here, pressurized means that the material in the second inlet channel 46 is under pressure, as the material is forced into the second inlet channel 46 and deforms in a similar manner as described above with respect to the first channel part 9 . In Fig. 18, the first and second channel portions 9, 10 plastically deform the material in a similar manner to that described above. Plastic deformation can also occur in the pressurized chamber, but is not limited to this deformation. Thus, the material in the pressurized chamber can be formed to surround the solid material without plastic deformation.

Referring to Figures 13-19, the different materials are brought together prior to the second channel section 10 and then processed in the second channel section as described above. The invention is not limited to three inlet channels 45, 46, 47 or three channel sections 9, 46, 47, but more inlet channels and channel sections are possible in order to manufacture profile products with the same or different materials in different layers .

According to any of the preceding examples, the material fed into the device to form the profiled product is one homogeneous material or a mixture of two or more materials mixed and/or layered. These materials can be mixed in different proportions and can be mixed into a homogeneous mixture or a mixture with a gradient within the material. One material can be solid and the other malleable, such as stone bits and rubber. The material may also be a layered material comprising two or more layers of the same or different materials. The material may comprise one or more strings of solid material throughout the extrusion or pultrusion process, such as wire or other reinforcement material surrounded by deformable material.

Here, solid material means a material that does not undergo any deformation in the defined regions of the profile. A non-exhaustive list of examples of solid materials are; bendable wires, rigid rod elements, metal meshes and/or fabrics and/or composites and/or other suitable materials, combinations of such solid materials, and the like.

According to an example, the maximum allowable pressure exerted by the rotating mold 3 at the position of the minimum distance D2 depends on the friction between the material and the counter bearing 14 in the second channel part 10 .

According to an example, the device 1 , 1 a is configured to feed friction material 48 between the counter bearing 14 and the final profile 37 and/or is configured to feed friction material 48 between the rotary mold 3 and the final profile 37 .

According to an example, friction material 48 is conveyed by the first and/or second and/or third inlet channels 45, 46, 47 at least during start-up of the device in order to control the friction associated with the rotating mold 3 and/or the counter bearing 14 . According to an example, the friction material 18 is conveyed by the first and/or second and/or third inlet channels 45, 46, 47 during part or the entire manufacturing process in order to control the friction.

According to an example, the friction material 48 is fed directly to the rotating mold 3 so that the friction material rotates with the rotating mold from a position before the second channel portion 10 to the second channel portion. FIG. 2A schematically shows that the device 1 , 1 a includes said means 49 for supplying friction material 48 to the rotating mold 3 with an external friction material 48 . As noted above, the friction material 18 supply means 49 may be any of the first, second or third inlet passages 45, 46, 47 (not shown). Additionally, friction material 48 may be a solid material, a liquid or a gas, or a combination thereof.

The invention is not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the maximum pressure and the minimum distance D2 in the second channel part 10 depend on the total feed rate of the material in the first channel part 9 , the type of material and the temperature at which the material enters the second channel part 10 .

Figure 19 schematically shows a flow chart of a method of producing a profile product using the apparatus described in conjunction with Figures 1-18, wherein the method comprises:

Steps shown in box 101,

feeding material into the first channel part 9 and forming it into the main profile 36 in the first channel part 9,

and the steps shown in block 102,

The material and thus the main profile 36 is further fed to the second channel part 10 and formed identically in the second channel part 10,

and the steps in box 103,

Convert final profile 37 to profile product 2.

According to an example, the method further comprises the step in block 104,

The final profile 37 and/or profile product 2 is stretched to achieve equal distances in the pattern along the production direction, ie equal distances between protrusions and/or depressions in the pattern 40 along the production direction.

According to an example, the distance between the indentations in the pattern on the rotating mold is smaller than the distance between the indentations in the corresponding pattern on the profile product in the production direction, wherein the traction and stretching means are used to stretch the final profile and/or the profile products, thereby achieving high precision in the distances between profile features by adjusting the stretch.

Claims (20)

1. An extrusion or pultrusion device (1) for forming in a production direction (Y) a profile product (2) made of a plastically deformable and/or viscoplastic material, said device comprising:

a rotary die (3) extending in a radial (R) direction and a width direction (X) and having two opposed first and second side walls (5, 6) and an outer peripheral surface (4) extending between the first and second side walls (5, 6) in the width direction (X), wherein the rotary die (3) comprises: a first side (23) connected to said first side wall (5); a second side portion (25) connecting said second side wall (6); and a middle portion (22) extending between said first and second side portions (23, 25); and

-a profile defining zone (7) having a longitudinal direction (Y) overlapping the production direction (Y), a height direction (Z) and a width direction (X) perpendicular to the height direction (Z); and comprising a through channel (8), said through channel (8) comprising a first channel portion (9) and a second channel portion (10) downstream of said first channel portion (9) with reference to said production direction;

wherein the rotary die (3) is rotatable about an axis extending transversely to the production direction (Y) and is arranged to allow the peripheral surface (4) to exert pressure on a surface of the material while the rotary die (3) is rotating, when passing through the profile-defining zone (7), wherein;

-said first channel portion (9) is circumferentially delimited by one or more walls (11); and

The second channel portion (10) is defined circumferentially by:

-said peripheral surface (4) of said rotary die (3), and

a channel portion (13), said channel portion (13) comprising,

a counter bearing (14) opposite to the rotary die (3), and

-first and second channel portion side walls (15, 16) between the rotary die (3) and the counter bearing (14) and opposite thereto, -optionally, the first and second side portions (23, 24) of the rotary die (3) comprise first and second flange portions (18, 19) extending in a radial direction (R), -the first and second flange portions (18, 19) extend beyond a radial extension of at least a part of the intermediate portion (22) of the rotary die (3), wherein the first and second flange portions (18, 19) are arranged to prevent the material from moving outside the rotary die (3);

the method is characterized in that:

-the first channel portion (9) is configured to deform the material into a main profile (36) having a maximum height (H1) at a predetermined feed rate depending on the material and a minimum cross-sectional area having a first maximum height (DI) in the first channel portion (9);

Wherein the second channel portion (10) is configured to further deform the material into a final profile (37), the final profile (37) having a minimum height (H2) being configured by the rotary die (3) to exert increasingly greater pressure on the counter bearing (14) on the main profile (36) as the main profile (36) exits the first channel portion (9);

wherein the rotary die (3) is configured as a minimum distance (D2) between the rotary die (3) and the counter bearing (14) depending on a maximum allowable pressure applied by the rotary die (3) at the minimum distance (D2) position; wherein the maximum allowed pressure corresponds to the maximum height difference of the main profile (36) and the final profile (37) and depends on the pattern (38) in the peripheral surface (4) of the rotary die (3).

2. The device (1) according to claim 1, wherein: -said one or more walls (11) define a first cross section (12) at the end of said first channel portion (9); wherein said second channel portion (10) defines a second cross-section (17) at a position of minimum distance between said peripheral surface (4) and said counter bearing (14); wherein the geometry of the first channel portion (9) is different from the second channel portion (10) such that material passing through the first channel portion (9) changes shape upon entering the second channel portion (10);

Wherein the main profile (36) has a first cross-sectional geometry (A1) corresponding to the first cross-section (12), wherein the final profile (37) has a second cross-sectional geometry (A2) defined by the second cross-section; wherein at any given comparable position, the first cross-sectional area geometry (A1) is different from the second cross-sectional area geometry (A2); wherein the maximum pressure and the minimum distance (D2) in the second channel portion (10) depend on the difference of the cross-sectional geometry (A1) of the main profile (36) and the cross-sectional geometry (A2) of the final profile (37).

3. The device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the rotary die (3) comprises a pattern (38) having at least one indentation (38), wherein the rotary die (3) is arranged at a maximum distance (D22) between a bottom (44) of the indentation (38) and the counter bearing (14) depending on a minimum allowable pressure applied by the rotary die at the maximum distance (D22) position to achieve plastic deformation of the material in the indentation (38).

4. The device (1) according to claim 2, wherein: the minimum distance (D2) in the height direction (Z) of the peripheral surface (4) in the second section (17) from the counter bearing (14) is smaller than the maximum distance (D1) in the height direction in the first section (12).

5. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the rotary die (3) is configured to change shape during the shaping of the profile product (2) according to a maximum allowable pressure before forming the profile product (2) and/or wherein the counter bearing (14) is configured to the profile product (2) according to a maximum allowable pressure.

6. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: when entering the second channel portion (10), the maximum pressure and minimum distance (D2) in the second channel portion (10) depends on the total feed rate of material, the type of material and the temperature of the material in the first channel portion (9).

7. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the maximum allowable pressure exerted by the rotary die (3) at the location of the minimum distance depends on the friction between the material and the counter bearing (14) in the second channel portion (10).

8. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the cross-sectional area (A1) of the second channel portion (10) is configured to be dimensioned according to the shrinkage effect of the profile product (2) cooled by the final profile (37) to a final height (H3).

9. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the pattern (38) in the rotary mould (3) is configured to be dimensioned according to the shrinking effect of the final profile (37) cooling to the profile product (2).

10. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the rotary die (3) is configured with a pattern (38) of at least one indent (38), wherein each indent (38) includes a draft angle (a 2) depending on the radius of the rotary die (3), the desired pattern in the final profile, the configuration of the counter bearings and the travel speed of the final profile (37).

11. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the device (1) is configured to supply friction material (48) between the counter bearing (14) and the final profile (37) and/or to supply the friction material (48) between the rotary die (3) and the final profile (37).

12. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the device (1) comprises a pulling and stretching device (54) arranged downstream of the second channel portion (10) and configured to pull the material out of the second channel portion (10) to transform the final profile (37) into the profile product (2).

13. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the device comprises a traction and stretching device (54), wherein the distance between the plurality of indentations (38) in the pattern (38) on the rotary mould (3) is smaller than the distance between the plurality of protrusions (40) in the corresponding pattern (38) of the profile product in the production direction (Y); wherein the pulling and stretching device (54) is used for stretching the final profile (37) and/or the profile product (2) so that a high accuracy of the distance between the features on the profile is achieved by adjusting the stretching.

14. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the rotary die (3) comprises a cooling device for cooling the surface of the exterior of the rotary die (3) such that the temperature of the surface of the rotary die (3) is below a predetermined allowable temperature of the extruded material.

15. The device (1) according to claim 14, wherein: the surface of the rotating mold (3) is cooled such that the temperature of the surface of the rotating mold is at least 10 degrees celsius below a glass transition temperature or melting temperature of the material.

16. The device (1) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein: the surface of the rotary die (3) is cooled such that the temperature of the surface of the rotary die is at least 50 degrees celsius below a glass transition temperature or melting temperature of the material, thereby enabling higher extrusion speeds.

17. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the material of the profile product (2) fed into the device may be a homogeneous material or a mixture of two or more materials mixed or layered.

18. A co-extrusion device (1 a) and/or extrusion device (1 a) comprising a device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the device (1) comprises at least two inlet channels (45, 46, 47) connected directly or indirectly to a second channel portion (10), wherein each of the at least two inlet channels (45, 46, 47) is configured to be fed with one or more materials at a predetermined distance upstream of the second channel portion (10), or to be connected to a junction of the at least two inlet channels (45, 46, 47), to a transition of the first channel portion (9) to the second channel portion (10).

19. A method of producing a profile product (2) by using the apparatus (1, 1 a) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises:

-feeding a material to a first channel portion (9), and forming said material into a main profile (36) in said first channel portion (9);

-feeding the material further to the second channel portion (10) and forming the material into a final profile (37) in the second channel portion (10); and

-converting said final profile into said profile product (2).

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: the final profile (2) and/or the profile product (2) is stretched to achieve the same distance in the pattern along the production direction (Y).

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