CN116366411B - Multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method - Google Patents
Multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method, which comprises the steps of determining the length of a signal window, finding a signal extremum in the signal window and quantizing a signal; the invention can adapt to the quantization threshold of signal power change to select the signal close to the threshold, and adds a quantization window to quantize, thereby improving the quantization accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a signal processing technology, in particular to a multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method.
Background
When the signal is quantized in a high-bit direction and a low-bit direction, if the signal is quantized in a single bit direction, a zero point can be directly selected as a signal quantization threshold value, and if the signal amplitude value is larger than zero, the signal is quantized to 1; if the signal amplitude value is less than zero, the quantization is 0. When multi-bit quantization is performed on a signal, the quantization threshold needs to be determined according to the power level of the signal.
However, if the front-end amplifier has different gains for signals with different frequencies and different powers, the signal power output by the front-end amplifier is related to the signal frequency and the signal power received by the front-end amplifier, so that the power of the signal varies, and a fixed threshold cannot be simply selected for quantization.
For example: patent WO2009097755A1 discloses a method for detecting signals locally and centrally, which does not select a multi-point quantization window, and the quantized signal quality is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method, wherein a signal close to a threshold is selected by a quantization threshold adaptable to signal power change, and quantization is performed by adding a quantization window, so that quantization accuracy is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining the length N of a signal window; the signal window length N may be determined from the ratio of the sampling rate to the frequency of the measured signal. For example, if the sampling rate is 2400MHz, the frequency range of the measurement signal is 100MHz to 1100MHz, the signal window length is 2400/100=24;
s2, searching a signal extremum in a signal window, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps of;
firstly, eliminating signal singular points in a signal window to form a signal stabilizing window, wherein the length of the signal stabilizing window is M, M is less than or equal to N, and then continuously searching a signal maximum value x in the signal stabilizing window max Sum signal minimum value x min ；
Then, in the signal stability window, if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window exceeds a stability threshold delta, the signal value is considered to be unstable and can be directly ignored; if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window is smaller than the stability threshold delta, the signal is considered to be stable;
the method for calculating the stability threshold delta is as follows: firstly, deriving a signal, calculating a standard deviation of the derived signal, and taking 3 times of the standard deviation as a stability threshold;
then, compare the stable signal with x max And x min If the signal value of the stable signal is greater than x max Then the signal value is replaced by the original x max If the signal value of the stable signal is less than x min Then the signal value is replaced by the original x min ；x max /x min The confirmation method comprises the following steps: the first point in the signal stability window is taken as x max /x min Then traversing a signal stabilizing window by adopting an bubbling sequencing method, and finding out the maximum value and the minimum value in the window;
finally, after traversing all signals in the M-point signal stability window, the maximum value of the output signal is x max Signal minimum value x min ；
S3, determining a quantization threshold delta according to the signal extreme value;
if all signals are quantized n bits, the quantization threshold calculation formula is
In the above formula, i is a quantization threshold index, and n-bit quantization will be 2 n -1 threshold, i=1, 2, …,2 n -1；
Step S4, quantifying the signal
First, a quantization window of 3 points is selected, assuming that the signal points within the quantization window are { x } k-1 ,x k ,x k+1 Then average the first two signals, denoted as x m|k-1 ,The two latter signals are averaged simultaneously and denoted as x m|k+1 ,
Then, calculate x respectively m|k-1 And x m|k+1 And quantization threshold delta i The difference of (c) is denoted as epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 ；
If epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 And is larger than the threshold value at the same time, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 While being smaller than the threshold value, the signal point x is considered k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Greater than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Less than the threshold value, epsilon is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Less than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Greater than a threshold value, then ε is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than the threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention uses the multi-point quantization window, which is equivalent to the data smoothing denoising processing in the quantization process, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data quantization result is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a quantization result with a quantization window length of 1 point in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the quantization window length of 3 points according to the embodiment 3;
fig. 4 is a quantization result with a quantization window length of 5 points according to embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the multi-bit signal quantization adaptive threshold generation and quantization method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step S1, determining the length N of a signal window;
s2, searching a signal extremum in a signal window, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps of;
firstly, eliminating signal singular points in a signal window to form a signal stabilizing window, wherein the length of the signal stabilizing window is M, M is less than or equal to N, and then continuously searching a signal maximum value x in the signal stabilizing window max Sum signal minimum value x min ；
Then, in the signal stability window, if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window exceeds a stability threshold delta, the signal value is considered to be unstable and can be directly ignored; if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window is smaller than the stability threshold delta, the signal is considered to be stable;
then, compare the stable signal with x max And x min If the signal value of the stable signal is greater than x max The signal value is thenReplacing original x max If the signal value of the stable signal is less than x min Then the signal value is replaced by the original x min ；
Finally, after traversing all signals in the N-point signal window, the maximum value of the output signal is x max Signal minimum value x min ；
S3, determining a quantization threshold delta according to the signal extreme value;
if the signal is quantized n bits, the quantization threshold calculation formula is
In the above formula, i is a quantization threshold index, and n-bit quantization will be 2 n -1 threshold, i=1, 2, …,2 n -1; step S4, quantifying the signal
First, a quantization window of 3 or 5 points can be selected, taking 3 points as an example, assuming that the signal points in the quantization window are { x ] k-1 ,x k ,x k+1 Then average the first two signals, denoted as x m|k-1 ,The two latter signals are averaged simultaneously and denoted as x m|k+1 ,/>
Then, calculate x respectively m|k-1 And x m|k+1 And threshold (delta) i ) The difference of (c) is denoted as epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 ；
If epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 And is larger than the threshold value at the same time, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 While being smaller than the threshold value, the signal point x is considered k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Greater than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Less than the threshold value, epsilon is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Less than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Greater than a threshold value, then ε is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than the threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold.
Example 2:
other steps in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, but when the signal is quantized in step S4, a quantization window of 5 points is selected, and the specific procedure is as follows:
assume that the signal point within the quantization window is { x } k-2 ,x k-1 ,x k ,x k+1 ,x k+2 Then average the first two signals, denoted as x m|k-1 ,The two latter signals are averaged simultaneously and denoted as x m|k+1 ,/>
Then, calculate x respectively m|k-1 And x m|k+1 And quantization threshold delta i The difference of (c) is denoted as epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 ；
If epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 And is larger than the threshold value at the same time, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 While being smaller than the threshold value, the signal point x is considered k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Greater than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Less than the threshold value, epsilon is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Less than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Greater than a threshold value, then ε is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |>|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than the threshold, if% k-1 |<|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold.
Example 3:
the signal frequency of this embodiment is 100MHz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 15dB, the sampling rate is 10GHz, the sampling point number is 1000, and the quantization bit width is 3 bits. The signal stabilizing window length may be selected to be 100.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, quantization results at quantization window lengths of 1 point, 3 points and 5 points, respectively; as can be seen from the figure, the quantized signal quality becomes better as the quantization window length increases by adopting the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining the length N of a signal window;
s2, searching a signal extremum in a signal window, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps of;
firstly, eliminating signal singular points in a signal window to form a signal stabilizing window, wherein the length of the signal stabilizing window is M, M is less than or equal to N, and then continuously searching a signal maximum value x in the signal stabilizing window max Sum signal minimum value x min ；
Then, in the signal stability window, if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window exceeds a stability threshold delta, the signal value is considered to be unstable and can be directly ignored; if the difference between the signal value of a certain signal and the average value of the signal in the window is smaller than a stability threshold delta, the signal is considered to be stable;
then, compare the stable signal with x max And x min If the signal value of the stable signal is greater than x max ThenReplacing the original x with the signal value max If the signal value of the stable signal is less than x min Then the signal value is replaced by the original x min ；
Finally, after traversing all signals in the M-point signal stability window, the maximum value of the output signal is x max Signal minimum value x min ；
S3, determining a quantization threshold delta according to the signal extreme value;
if all signals are quantized n bits, the quantization threshold calculation formula is
Where i is a quantization threshold index, n-bit quantization will have 2n-1 thresholds, i=1, 2,.. n -1；
Step S4, quantifying the signal
First, a quantization window of 3 points is selected, and 3 signal points in the quantization window are { x } k-1 ，x k ，x k+1 Then average the first two signals, denoted as x m|k-1 ，The two latter signals are averaged simultaneously and denoted as x m|k+1 ，/>
Then, calculate x respectively m|k-1 And x m|k+1 And quantization threshold delta i The difference of (c) is denoted as epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 ；
If epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 And is larger than the threshold value at the same time, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 And epsilon k+1 While being smaller than the threshold value, the signal point x is considered k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Greater than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Less than the threshold value, epsilon is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |＞|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than threshold, if% k-1 |＜|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than a threshold;
if epsilon k-1 Less than a threshold and epsilon k+1 Greater than a threshold value, then ε is compared k-1 And epsilon k+1 The magnitude of the absolute value if% k-1 |＞|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Less than the threshold, if% k-1 |＜|ε k+1 I, consider the signal point x k Greater than a threshold.
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