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CN116338299B - Method and system for testing output power factor of charging module of direct current system - Google Patents

Method and system for testing output power factor of charging module of direct current system Download PDF

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CN116338299B
CN116338299B CN202310611521.XA CN202310611521A CN116338299B CN 116338299 B CN116338299 B CN 116338299B CN 202310611521 A CN202310611521 A CN 202310611521A CN 116338299 B CN116338299 B CN 116338299B
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charging module
direct current
current system
charging
output power
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CN116338299A (en
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满超阳
吉宏浩
张泽良
黄杨明
郭小华
洪善宁
吕月娥
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Foshan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corp
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    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of detection of charging modules and discloses a method and a system for testing the output power factor of a charging module of a direct current system.

Description

Method and system for testing output power factor of charging module of direct current system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of direct current charging modules, in particular to a method and a system for testing output power factors of a direct current system charging module.
Background
The charging module of the direct current system of the transformer substation provides a reliable direct current power supply for control, signal, relay protection, automatic device, accident lighting and the like in the transformer substation, and also provides a reliable operation power supply for operation. Therefore, whether the direct current system is reliable or not plays a crucial role in the safe operation of the transformer substation and is the guarantee of the safe operation of the transformer substation.
The technical indexes achieved by the direct current system charging module operated in the current power system are all data provided by manufacturers in the factory test of equipment. However, as the running time of the direct current system charging module is changed, the direct current system charging module is affected by the ambient temperature, so that the power loss of the direct current system charging module is higher, and when the power loss is larger, the output power of the direct current system charging module is affected, so that the power supply of the direct current system charging module to a load is insufficient, the safe running of a transformer substation is seriously threatened, and the service life of the direct current system charging module is also reduced. The output power factor is used for evaluating the real level of the output power of the direct current system charging module, so that the effective power of the output power of the direct current system charging module can be reflected, and the influence of power loss is not considered on the output power factor of the direct current system charging module at present, so that the calculation accuracy of the output power factor is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for testing an output power factor of a charging module of a direct current system, which solve the technical problem that the calculation accuracy of the output power factor is poor because the influence of power loss is not considered when the output power factor is calculated at present.
In view of the above, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing output power factor of a charging module of a dc system, comprising the following steps:
carrying out thermal path modeling on a direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module;
continuously loading the multi-step current serving as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and analyzing a temperature field to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
calculating the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module;
calculating the output power of the direct current system charging module according to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module;
Carrying out discharge test on the load through the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, obtaining output current of the charging module of the direct current system, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof through a fast Fourier transform method, and calculating discharge power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof;
and calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
Preferably, the direct current system charging module is used for providing power for a power distribution system, the power distribution system comprises a section I bus, a section II bus and two direct current system charging modules, the two direct current system charging modules are respectively connected with the section I bus and the section II bus through isolating switches, a bus connecting switch is further connected between the section I bus and the section II bus, the initial working state of the isolating switches is a closing state, and the initial working state of the bus connecting switch is a separating state;
carrying out thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and before the step of constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module, further comprising:
And responding to a pre-received test request, converting the working state of the isolating switch corresponding to the direct current system charging module to be tested into a switching-off state, enabling the direct current system charging module to be tested to run offline, and converting the working state of the bus tie switch into a switching-on state.
Preferably, the step of constructing a thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module includes:
the circuit parameters, the load and the external environment of the direct current system charging module are replaced by equivalent elements respectively, wherein the circuit parameters of the direct current system charging module comprise a charger, a switching device and a storage battery, the external environment is equivalent to a thermistor, the load is equivalent to a load resistor, the charger is equivalent to a direct current source, the storage battery is equivalent to a capacitor and an equivalent resistor which are connected in parallel, and the switching device is equivalent to a transistor;
and carrying out serial-parallel connection on equivalent elements respectively corresponding to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module to construct a charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, wherein the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model comprises a direct current source, a thermistor, a transistor, a capacitor, an equivalent resistor, a load switch and a load resistor, the direct current source, the equivalent resistor and the capacitor are connected in parallel, the thermistor is connected on a loop between the direct current source and the equivalent resistor, the transistor is connected on a loop between the equivalent resistor and the capacitor, and the load resistor is connected with the capacitor in parallel through the load switch.
Preferably, the step of continuously loading the multi-step current as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and performing temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the multi-step current by a multi-step current function as:
；
in the formula ,I a for the value of the multi-step current,I e is rated charging current, t is charging time, t w The time required for fully charging the capacitor;
grid division is carried out on the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, boundary conditions are set, multi-step current is used as current excitation to continuously load the direct current source in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, and two working conditions of a constant current charging process and a floating charging process of the direct current system charging module are simulated through the multi-step current;
and carrying out temperature field analysis on the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model respectively corresponding to the constant-current charging process and the floating charging process to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions, wherein the circuit temperature field distribution is used for obtaining the temperature flowing through each equivalent element.
Preferably, the step of calculating the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the circuit temperature field distribution and the multi-step current under different working conditions in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module specifically includes:
Performing nonlinear fitting on the historical temperature of the external environment and the corresponding historical resistance value of the thermistor based on a least square method to obtain a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor;
acquiring the current temperature of the thermistor through the circuit temperature field distribution, and acquiring the current resistance value of the thermistor according to the current temperature of the thermistor based on a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor;
determining the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to different working conditions according to circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, determining the highest temperatures of the transistors and the corresponding working conditions according to comparison results of the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to different working conditions, and taking the highest temperatures of the transistors as the highest junction temperatures of the transistors;
and calculating the transient thermal resistance of the transistor according to the multi-step current by the following functional relation:
；
in the formula ,Rp For the transient thermal resistance,for temperature rise, add->Td-Ts, td is the highest junction temperature of the transistor, ts is the rated operating environment temperature of the transistor,U d is the voltage value of two ends of the direct current source, +. >For a step current corresponding to the highest junction temperature of the transistor,R m the current resistance value of the thermistor;
and calculating the power loss of the transistor according to the highest junction temperature of the transistor and the transient thermal resistance by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P d power loss for the transistor;
and calculating the power loss of the thermistor according to the step current corresponding to the highest temperature of the transistor by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P m power loss for the thermistor;
and adding the power loss of the transistor and the power loss of the thermistor to obtain the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module.
Preferably, the discharging test is performed on the load through the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, so as to obtain an output current of the charging module of the direct current system, harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof are decomposed into the output current through a fast fourier transform method, and the discharging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system is calculated according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof, which specifically comprises the following steps:
switching on a load switch in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, and discharging the load switch to the load resistor through the capacitor under floating charge;
Obtaining output current generated by the capacitor in the discharging process, and decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof into harmonic current corresponding to each frequency by a fast Fourier transform method;
dividing the frequency domain information of the harmonic current by taking a complete discharge period as a unit sliding window, so as to obtain harmonic currents corresponding to a plurality of discharge periods, and calculating the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,power loss of charging module for direct current system, < >>For the number of discharge cycles, +.>Is->A discharge period>Is->Average harmonic current of individual discharge cycles +.>The resistance value of the equivalent resistor.
Preferably, the step of calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module specifically includes:
performing difference processing through the output power of the direct current system charging module and the discharge power loss to obtain the effective output power of the direct current system charging module;
and calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module according to the ratio of the effective output power of the direct current system charging module to the rated active power.
Preferably, after the step of calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module by the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module, the method further includes:
judging whether the output power factor is smaller than a preset output power factor threshold value, and executing the next step if the output power factor is smaller than the preset output power factor threshold value;
setting charging current and external environment temperature of the direct current system charging module as decision variables, and constructing a charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module by taking the minimum maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module as a target, wherein the charging optimization model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions;
and solving the charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module to obtain an optimal solution, and determining the optimal charging current and the optimal external environment temperature of the direct current system charging module according to the optimal solution.
Preferably, the objective function of the charge optimization model is:
；
in the formula ,Ps In order to maximize the power loss of the charge,for power loss of switching device, +.>The power loss is the external environment; wherein,
；
；
in the formula ,I s in order for the charge current to be sufficient,, wherein ,Ta A, b and c are fitting coefficients for the external environment temperature;
the constraint conditions of the charge optimization model include:
1) The system power balance constraint is:
；
in the formula ,P c for output power, P y Is rated as active power;
2) The charging current constraint is:
；
in the formula ,for the lower limit of the charging current, +.>Is the upper limit of the charging current;
3) The external environment temperature constraint is:
；
in the formula ,is the upper limit of the external environment temperature.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a system for testing an output power factor of a charging module of a direct current system, including:
the thermal path modeling module is used for performing thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module;
the temperature field calculation module is used for continuously loading the multi-step current serving as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and carrying out temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
the charging power loss calculation module is used for calculating the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
The output total power calculation module is used for calculating the output power of the direct current system charging module according to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module;
the discharging power loss calculation module is used for carrying out discharging test on the load through the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, obtaining output current of the direct current system charging module, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof into the output current through a fast Fourier transform method, and calculating the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof;
and the output power factor calculation module is used for calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the external environment of the direct current system charging module is considered to carry out thermal path modeling, multi-step current is taken as current excitation to be continuously loaded to the charging module thermal path equivalent model and temperature field analysis is carried out, circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal path equivalent model is obtained, the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the circuit temperature field distribution and the multi-step current under different working conditions in the charging module thermal path equivalent model, the output power of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the rated active power and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module, the load is subjected to discharge test through the charging module thermal path equivalent model, the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to harmonic current corresponding to the output current of the direct current system charging module and frequency domain information thereof, and the output power factor of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the rated active power, the output power and the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module, so that the influence of the power loss is fully considered, and the calculation accuracy of the output power factor is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for testing output power factor of a charging module of a dc system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a thermal circuit equivalent model of a charging module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc system charging module output power factor testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
For easy understanding, please refer to fig. 1, the method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
101. and carrying out thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to the circuit parameters, the load and the external environment of the direct current system charging module, and constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module.
It can be understood that the circuit parameters of the direct current system charging module include the circuit structure of the charging module and the corresponding electrical parameters, the load is the load for supplying power to the direct current system charging module, the external environment is the environment where the direct current system charging module is located, mainly the environment temperature affects the internal resistance of the direct current system charging module, and generally, the higher the environment temperature is, the smaller the internal resistance is, so that the charging result can be affected.
102. And continuously loading the multi-step current serving as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and analyzing a temperature field to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model.
It should be noted that, because the charging phases of the direct current system charging module are different, the charging phases include a charging working condition, a charging completion working condition and a floating charging working condition, and the direct current system charging module of the power plant and the transformer substation is usually operated under the floating charging working condition. Therefore, the embodiment continuously loads the multi-step current to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model as current excitation so as to simulate different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and conduct temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model.
103. And calculating the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the circuit temperature field distribution and the multi-step current under different working conditions in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module.
It can be understood that during the charging process of the charging module of the dc system, the switching device and the internal resistance inside the charging module of the dc system consume the charging power due to the temperature rise change of the external environment, so that the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the dc system needs to be calculated.
104. And calculating the output power of the direct current system charging module according to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module.
It can be understood that the rated active power is the maximum active power for the capacity of the charging module of the direct current system, and can be provided by a manufacturer or obtained according to the product of the rated output voltage and the rated output current of the charging module of the direct current system. And carrying out difference between the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module, so as to obtain the output power of the direct current system charging module.
105. And carrying out discharge test on the load through a thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, obtaining output current of the charging module of the direct current system, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof through a fast Fourier transform method, and calculating discharge power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof.
Wherein the total capacity of the load can be obtained from the sum of the capacities of the individual power supply terminals of the power distribution system.
It can be understood that when the dc system charging module discharges, since the dc system charging module has impedance, a discharge power loss is generated, and the harmonic current is a main factor for increasing the additional loss, so that the harmonic current needs to be calculated to obtain the discharge power loss of the dc system charging module.
106. And calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through rated active power, output power and discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
In the invention, the external environment of the direct current system charging module is considered to carry out thermal path modeling, the multi-step current is taken as current excitation to be continuously loaded to the thermal path equivalent model of the charging module and temperature field analysis is carried out, circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the thermal path equivalent model of the charging module is obtained, the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the circuit temperature field distribution and the multi-step current under different working conditions in the thermal path equivalent model of the charging module, the output power of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the rated active power and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module, the load is subjected to discharge test through the thermal path equivalent model of the charging module, the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the harmonic current corresponding to the output current of the direct current system charging module and the frequency domain information thereof, and the output power factor of the direct current system charging module is calculated according to the rated active power, the output power and the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module, so that the influence of the power loss is fully considered, and the calculation accuracy of the output power factor is improved.
Meanwhile, the output power factor can be calculated to reflect the effectiveness of the output power of the direct current system charging module more accurately, wherein the higher the output power factor of the direct current system charging module is, the higher the effectiveness of the output power of the direct current system charging module is, and the higher the reliability of power supply to a load is.
In a specific embodiment, a charging module of a direct current system is used for providing power for a power distribution system, please refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 illustrates a schematic structure diagram of the power distribution system, the power distribution system comprises a section i bus, a section ii bus and two charging modules of the direct current system, the two charging modules of the direct current system are respectively connected with the section i bus and the section ii bus through isolating switches, a bus tie switch is further connected between the section i bus and the section ii bus, an initial working state of the isolating switch is a closing state, and an initial working state of the bus tie switch is a separating brake state;
prior to step 101, further comprising:
and responding to a pre-received test request, converting the working state of the isolating switch corresponding to the direct current system charging module to be tested into a switching-off state, enabling the direct current system charging module to be tested to run offline, and converting the working state of the bus tie switch into a switching-on state.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, when the power distribution system operates normally, the connection relationship is as follows:
(1) The 11ZK isolating switch that #1 direct current system charging module and I section generating line are connected closes in "to I section generating line" position for #1 direct current system charging module is to I section direct current generating line power supply.
(2) And the 21ZK isolating switch connected with the II-section bus by the #2 direct-current system charging module is combined at the position of 'to the II-section bus', so that the #2 direct-current system charging module supplies power to the II-section bus.
(3) The 31ZK tie switch between the I section bus and the II section bus is switched to the 'off' position, the I section bus and the II section bus are in a disconnected state, and the direct current I section bus and the II section bus are operated in a split mode.
When testing is carried out, the direct current system charging module to be tested needs to be isolated, and the stable operation of the power distribution system is ensured. Therefore, the direct current system charging module to be tested needs to be taken out of operation, for example, when the #1 direct current system charging module is tested, a 31ZK connection switch between the I section bus and the II section bus needs to be closed, the #2 direct current system charging module is used for running a full-station direct current load, and the #1 direct current system charging module is taken out of operation.
In a specific embodiment, step 101 specifically includes:
1011. The circuit parameters, the load and the external environment of the direct current system charging module are replaced by equivalent elements respectively, wherein the circuit parameters of the direct current system charging module comprise a charger, a switching device and a storage battery, the external environment is equivalent to a thermistor, the load is equivalent to a load resistor, the charger is equivalent to a direct current source, the storage battery is equivalent to a capacitor and an equivalent resistor which are connected in parallel, and the switching device is equivalent to a transistor.
It should be noted that, because the circuit parameters of the charging module of the direct current system include a charger, a switching device and a storage battery, the switching device includes a control switch in the charging module, such as a circuit breaker, and the transistor has good thermal effect and also has effects of on/off and unidirectional circulation, so the switching device is equivalent to a transistor, and the transistor can be a diode or a triode. Meanwhile, the external environment is easily influenced by temperature, so the external environment is equivalent to a thermistor, the resistance value is determined through the temperature, and the charging power loss is dynamically calculated by utilizing the thermistor. Meanwhile, the storage battery has a capacitance effect and generates impedance, so the storage battery is equivalent to a capacitance and an equivalent resistance which are connected in parallel, wherein the equivalent resistance is calculated by a reference impedance value of the storage battery.
1012. The circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the charging module of the direct current system are respectively connected in series and parallel to corresponding equivalent elements to construct a thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 illustrates a circuit schematic diagram of the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, wherein the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module comprises a direct current source P and a thermistor R m Transistor d, capacitor C, equivalent resistance R z Load switch k and load resistor R, DC source P and equivalent resistor R z Connected in parallel with the capacitor C, the DC source P and the equivalent resistor R z The circuit between the two is connected with a thermistor R m Equivalent resistance R z A transistor d is connected to a loop between the capacitor C, and a load resistor R is connected in parallel to the capacitor C through a load switch k.
In one embodiment, step 102 specifically includes:
1021. determining the multi-step current by a multi-step current function as:
；
in the formula ,I a for the value of the multi-step current,I e is rated charging current, t is charging time, t w The time required for fully charging the capacitor;
it should be noted that, in the charging process of the direct current system charging module, the initial charging current is 0, and along with the charging time, the charging current can be charged with the rated charging current, and the constant current charging is maintained, when the charging saturation is reached, the direct current system charging module is subjected to floating charging under normal operation, and the charging current is relatively reduced during floating charging, so the embodiment describes the charging current by adopting a multi-step current function to excite the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module.
1022. And carrying out grid division on the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, setting boundary conditions, continuously loading the current excitation by taking the multi-step current as a direct current source in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, and simulating two working conditions of a constant current charging process and a floating charging process of the charging module of the direct current system through the multi-step current.
After the equivalent model of the charging module heat circuit is subjected to grid division, the position information of each element in the circuit can be obtained, and boundary conditions are set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise natural convection heat transfer in a limited space in a convection heat transfer mode, and a convection heat transfer boundary is set.
1023. And (3) carrying out temperature field analysis on the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model respectively corresponding to the constant-current charging process and the floating charging process to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions, wherein the circuit temperature field distribution is used for obtaining the temperature flowing through each equivalent element.
In a specific embodiment, step 103 specifically includes:
1031. and performing nonlinear fitting on the historical temperature of the external environment and the historical resistance value of the corresponding thermistor based on a least square method to obtain a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor.
It should be noted that, the historical resistance value of the thermistor corresponding to the historical temperature of the external environment is obtained in advance, and the historical resistance value of the thermistor and the historical temperature of the external environment are subjected to nonlinear fitting by a least square method, so that a nonlinear fitting relation between the historical resistance value of the thermistor and the historical temperature of the external environment is obtained.
1032. The current temperature of the thermistor is obtained through circuit temperature field distribution, and the current resistance value of the thermistor is obtained according to the current temperature of the thermistor based on a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor.
It will be appreciated that substituting the current temperature of the thermistor into a non-linear fit relationship, the current resistance value of the thermistor is readily obtained, which also reflects the ambient temperature change.
1033. And determining the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to the different working conditions according to the circuit temperature field distribution under the different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, determining the highest temperatures of the transistors and the corresponding working conditions according to the comparison results of the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to the different working conditions, and taking the highest temperatures of the transistors as the highest junction temperatures of the transistors.
Wherein the junction temperature is at the highest temperature of the transistor. It is typically higher than the case temperature and the device surface temperature. Junction temperature can measure the time required for heat dissipation from the transistor to the transistor housing. And the highest temperature of the transistor can be used as the highest junction temperature of the transistor by comparing the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to the two different working conditions in the charging process.
1034. The transient thermal resistance of the transistor is calculated according to the multi-step current through the following functional relation:
；
in the formula ,Rp For the transient thermal resistance,for temperature rise, add->Td-Ts, td is the highest junction temperature of the transistor, ts is the rated operating environment temperature of the transistor,U d is the voltage value of two ends of the direct current source, +.>For a step current corresponding to the highest junction temperature of the transistor,R m the current resistance value of the thermistor;
wherein the rated operating environment temperature of the transistor is room temperature, 25 ℃. The voltage across the DC source may be a measured value.
Since the thermistor also consumes a certain voltage, it is necessary to eliminate the voltage value of the thermistor by using the voltage values of both ends of the dc source when obtaining the transient thermal resistance of the transistor.
1035. The power loss of the transistor is calculated according to the highest junction temperature and the transient thermal resistance of the transistor by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P d power loss for the transistor;
wherein the power loss of the transistor includes a conduction loss and a switching loss.
1036. The power loss of the thermistor is calculated according to the step current corresponding to the highest temperature of the transistor by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P m power loss for the thermistor;
1037. and adding the power loss of the transistor and the power loss of the thermistor to obtain the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system.
In a specific embodiment, step 105 specifically includes:
1051. and switching on a load switch in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, and discharging to a load resistor through a capacitor under floating charge.
1052. And obtaining output current generated by the capacitor in the discharging process, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof into the output current through a fast Fourier transform method, wherein the frequency domain information comprises each frequency and the harmonic current corresponding to each frequency.
1053. The frequency domain information of the harmonic current is divided by taking a complete discharge period as a unit sliding window, so that the harmonic current corresponding to a plurality of discharge periods is obtained, and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module is calculated by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,power loss of charging module for direct current system, < >>For the number of discharge cycles, +.>Is->A discharge period>Is->Average harmonic current of individual discharge cycles +.>The resistance value of the equivalent resistor.
Wherein, a complete discharge period is the inverse of the discharge frequency. The average harmonic current of a discharge cycle is the ratio between the sum of all harmonic currents of the discharge cycle and the total frequency.
In a specific embodiment, step 106 specifically includes:
1061. and performing difference processing through the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module to obtain the effective output power of the direct current system charging module.
1062. And calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module according to the ratio of the effective output power to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module.
It can be understood that in this embodiment, the effective output power of the charging module of the direct current system is obtained, and the ratio calculation is performed by using the effective output power of the charging module of the direct current system and the rated active power (i.e. the rated total output power), so as to obtain the output power factor, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the output power factor.
In a specific embodiment, after step 106, further includes:
107. Judging whether the output power factor is smaller than a preset output power factor threshold value, and executing the next step if the output power factor is smaller than the preset output power factor threshold value.
If the output power factor is judged to be smaller than the preset output power factor threshold, the power loss is higher, the power loss is required to be optimized, and if the output power factor is judged to be not smaller than the preset output power factor threshold, the power loss is lower, and normal operation is maintained.
108. Setting charging current and external environment temperature of a direct current system charging module as decision variables, and constructing a charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module by taking the minimum maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module as a target, wherein the charging optimization model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions.
The objective function of the charge optimization model is as follows:
；
in the formula ,Ps In order to maximize the power loss of the charge,for power loss of switching device, +.>The power loss is the external environment; wherein,
；
；
in the formula ,I s in order for the charge current to be sufficient,, wherein ,Ta A, b and c are fitting coefficients for the external environment temperature; />
wherein ,the method is obtained by utilizing a least square method to carry out nonlinear fitting on the historical resistance value of the thermistor corresponding to the historical temperature of the external environment in the previous step.
Constraints of the charge optimization model include:
1) The system power balance constraint is:
；
in the formula ,P c for output power, P y Is rated as active power;
2) The charging current constraint is:
；
in the formula ,for the lower limit of the charging current, +.>Is the upper limit of the charging current;
3) The external environment temperature constraint is:
；
in the formula ,is the upper limit of the external environment temperature.
109. And solving a charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module to obtain an optimal solution, and determining the optimal charging current and the optimal external environment temperature of the direct current system charging module according to the optimal solution.
The method for solving the charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module can be achieved through a CPLEX solver in MATLAB.
The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of a method for testing an output power factor of a charging module of a dc system provided by the present invention, and the following is a detailed description of an embodiment of a system for testing an output power factor of a charging module of a dc system provided by the present invention.
For easy understanding, referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides a system for testing output power factor of a charging module of a dc system, including:
the thermal path modeling module 100 is configured to perform thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to the circuit parameters, the load and the external environment of the direct current system charging module, and construct a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module;
The temperature field calculation module 200 is used for continuously loading the multi-step current as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and carrying out temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
the charging power loss calculation module 300 is configured to calculate a maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in a thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module;
the output total power calculation module 400 is configured to calculate output power of the direct current system charging module according to rated active power of the direct current system charging module and maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module;
the discharging power loss calculation module 500 is configured to perform discharging test on a load through a thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, obtain an output current of the charging module of the direct current system, decompose the output current into a harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof through a fast fourier transform method, and calculate the discharging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof;
the output power factor calculation module 600 is configured to calculate an output power factor of the direct current system charging module through rated active power, output power and discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, reference may be made to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment for the specific working process of the above-described system, which is not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of elements is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions of actual implementation, e.g., multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out thermal path modeling on a direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module;
Continuously loading the multi-step current serving as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and analyzing a temperature field to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
calculating the maximum charging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module;
calculating the output power of the direct current system charging module according to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module;
carrying out discharge test on the load through the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, obtaining output current of the charging module of the direct current system, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof through a fast Fourier transform method, and calculating discharge power loss of the charging module of the direct current system according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof;
and calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
2. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system according to claim 1, wherein the charging module of the direct current system is used for providing power for a power distribution system, the power distribution system comprises a section I bus, a section II bus and two charging modules of the direct current system, the two charging modules of the direct current system are respectively connected with the section I bus and the section II bus through isolating switches, a bus connecting switch is further connected between the section I bus and the section II bus, the initial working state of the isolating switch is a closing state, and the initial working state of the bus connecting switch is a separating brake state;
carrying out thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and before the step of constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module, further comprising:
and responding to a pre-received test request, converting the working state of the isolating switch corresponding to the direct current system charging module to be tested into a switching-off state, enabling the direct current system charging module to be tested to run offline, and converting the working state of the bus tie switch into a switching-on state.
3. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the equivalent thermal circuit model of the charging module comprises the following steps of:
The circuit parameters, the load and the external environment of the direct current system charging module are replaced by equivalent elements respectively, wherein the circuit parameters of the direct current system charging module comprise a charger, a switching device and a storage battery, the external environment is equivalent to a thermistor, the load is equivalent to a load resistor, the charger is equivalent to a direct current source, the storage battery is equivalent to a capacitor and an equivalent resistor which are connected in parallel, and the switching device is equivalent to a transistor;
and carrying out serial-parallel connection on equivalent elements respectively corresponding to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module to construct a charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, wherein the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model comprises a direct current source, a thermistor, a transistor, a capacitor, an equivalent resistor, a load switch and a load resistor, the direct current source, the equivalent resistor and the capacitor are connected in parallel, the thermistor is connected on a loop between the direct current source and the equivalent resistor, the transistor is connected on a loop between the equivalent resistor and the capacitor, and the load resistor is connected with the capacitor in parallel through the load switch.
4. The method for testing output power factor of charging module of direct current system according to claim 3, wherein the step of continuously loading multi-step current as current excitation to said charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and performing temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in said charging module thermal circuit equivalent model specifically comprises:
determining the multi-step current by a multi-step current function as:
；
in the formula ,I a for the value of the multi-step current,I e is rated charging current, t is charging time, t w The time required for fully charging the capacitor;
grid division is carried out on the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, boundary conditions are set, multi-step current is used as current excitation to continuously load the direct current source in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, and two working conditions of a constant current charging process and a floating charging process of the direct current system charging module are simulated through the multi-step current;
and carrying out temperature field analysis on the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model respectively corresponding to the constant-current charging process and the floating charging process to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions, wherein the circuit temperature field distribution is used for obtaining the temperature flowing through each equivalent element.
5. The method for testing output power factor of charging module of direct current system according to claim 4, wherein calculating maximum charging power loss of charging module of direct current system according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in thermal circuit equivalent model of charging module comprises:
performing nonlinear fitting on the historical temperature of the external environment and the corresponding historical resistance value of the thermistor based on a least square method to obtain a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor;
acquiring the current temperature of the thermistor through the circuit temperature field distribution, and acquiring the current resistance value of the thermistor according to the current temperature of the thermistor based on a nonlinear fitting relation between the external environment temperature and the resistance value of the thermistor;
determining the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to different working conditions according to circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, determining the highest temperatures of the transistors and the corresponding working conditions according to comparison results of the temperatures of the transistors corresponding to different working conditions, and taking the highest temperatures of the transistors as the highest junction temperatures of the transistors;
And calculating the transient thermal resistance of the transistor according to the multi-step current by the following functional relation:
；
in the formula ,Rp For the transient thermal resistance,for temperature rise, add->Td-Ts, td is the highest junction temperature of the transistor, ts is the rated operating environment temperature of the transistor,U d is the voltage value of two ends of the direct current source, +.>For a step current corresponding to the highest junction temperature of the transistor,R m the current resistance value of the thermistor;
and calculating the power loss of the transistor according to the highest junction temperature of the transistor and the transient thermal resistance by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P d power loss for the transistor;
and calculating the power loss of the thermistor according to the step current corresponding to the highest temperature of the transistor by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,P m power loss for the thermistor;
and adding the power loss of the transistor and the power loss of the thermistor to obtain the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module.
6. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system according to claim 5, wherein the discharging test is performed on the load through the thermal circuit equivalent model of the charging module, the output current of the charging module of the direct current system is obtained, the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof are decomposed through the fast fourier transform method, and the discharging power loss of the charging module of the direct current system is calculated according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof, specifically comprising the steps of:
Switching on a load switch in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, and discharging the load switch to the load resistor through the capacitor under floating charge;
obtaining output current generated by the capacitor in the discharging process, and decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof into harmonic current corresponding to each frequency by a fast Fourier transform method;
dividing the frequency domain information of the harmonic current by taking a complete discharge period as a unit sliding window, so as to obtain harmonic currents corresponding to a plurality of discharge periods, and calculating the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module by the following formula:
；
in the formula ,power loss of charging module for direct current system, < >>For the number of discharge cycles, +.>Is->The number of discharge cycles is one,is->Average harmonic current of individual discharge cycles +.>The resistance value of the equivalent resistor.
7. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system according to claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system by the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the charging module of the direct current system specifically comprises:
Performing difference processing through the output power of the direct current system charging module and the discharge power loss to obtain the effective output power of the direct current system charging module;
and calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module according to the ratio of the effective output power of the direct current system charging module to the rated active power.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, after the step of calculating the output power factor of the dc system charging module from the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the dc system charging module:
judging whether the output power factor is smaller than a preset output power factor threshold value, and executing the next step if the output power factor is smaller than the preset output power factor threshold value;
setting charging current and external environment temperature of the direct current system charging module as decision variables, and constructing a charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module by taking the minimum maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module as a target, wherein the charging optimization model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions;
And solving the charging optimization model of the direct current system charging module to obtain an optimal solution, and determining the optimal charging current and the optimal external environment temperature of the direct current system charging module according to the optimal solution.
9. The method for testing the output power factor of the charging module of the direct current system according to claim 8, wherein the objective function of the charging optimization model is:
；
in the formula ,Ps In order to maximize the power loss of the charge,for power loss of switching device, +.>The power loss is the external environment; wherein,
；
；
in the formula ,I s in order for the charge current to be sufficient,, wherein ,Ta A, b and c are fitting coefficients for the external environment temperature;
the constraint conditions of the charge optimization model include:
1) The system power balance constraint is:
；
in the formula ,P c for output power, P y Is rated as active power;
2) The charging current constraint is:
；
in the formula ,for the lower limit of the charging current, +.>Is the upper limit of the charging current;
3) The external environment temperature constraint is:
；
in the formula ,is the upper limit of the external environment temperature.
10. A direct current system charging module output power factor test system, comprising:
the thermal path modeling module is used for performing thermal path modeling on the direct current system charging module according to circuit parameters, loads and external environments of the direct current system charging module, and constructing a thermal path equivalent model of the charging module;
The temperature field calculation module is used for continuously loading the multi-step current serving as current excitation to the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model and carrying out temperature field analysis to obtain circuit temperature field distribution under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
the charging power loss calculation module is used for calculating the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module according to circuit temperature field distribution and multi-step current under different working conditions in the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model;
the output total power calculation module is used for calculating the output power of the direct current system charging module according to the rated active power of the direct current system charging module and the maximum charging power loss of the direct current system charging module;
the discharging power loss calculation module is used for carrying out discharging test on the load through the charging module thermal circuit equivalent model, obtaining output current of the direct current system charging module, decomposing harmonic current and frequency domain information thereof into the output current through a fast Fourier transform method, and calculating the discharging power loss of the direct current system charging module according to the harmonic current and the frequency domain information thereof;
And the output power factor calculation module is used for calculating the output power factor of the direct current system charging module through the rated active power, the output power and the discharge power loss of the direct current system charging module.
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