CN116316723A - Intelligent water pumping and gravity power generation hybrid energy storage system and method - Google Patents
Intelligent water pumping and gravity power generation hybrid energy storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
- F03G3/087—Gravity or weight motors
- F03G3/094—Gravity or weight motors specially adapted for potential energy power storage stations; combinations of gravity or weight motors with electric motors or generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/003—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of hydraulic energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent water pumping and gravity power generation hybrid energy storage system, which comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, wherein the two energy storage systems are controlled by a control system to work cooperatively; the intelligent water pumping energy storage system comprises a first reservoir and a second reservoir which are independent and mutually adjacent; the water level of the first reservoir is higher than that of the second reservoir, and the bottom of the second reservoir is lower than that of the first reservoir so as to ensure that enough power generation fall is ensured; the first reservoir is connected with the second reservoir through a water pipeline; a first water pump; the first generator is positioned at the tail end of the water conveying pipeline of the second reservoir to realize hydroelectric generation in the peak period of electricity consumption; the gravity power generation energy storage system comprises a plurality of gravity blocks, lifting equipment for controlling the gravity blocks to move up and down, a track system and a second generator; the control system controls the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system to realize energy storage and power generation of the two systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of physical energy storage in an electric power system, and relates to a hybrid energy storage system and method based on intelligent water pumping and gravity power generation in a natural environment.
Background
Along with the continuous promotion of the construction of a novel power system, the power system presents the characteristics of high-proportion renewable energy sources and high-proportion power electronic equipment, however, renewable energy source power generation technologies such as wind energy, solar energy and the like have the defects of instability, randomness and intermittency, and the problem of supply and demand mismatch is extremely easy to generate. Specifically, wind power and photoelectric stations generate maximum electricity in the early morning and the midday respectively, electricity consumption peaks are at 10 a.m. and 8 a.m. respectively, and the electricity consumption peak time distribution of the power stations has larger dislocation contradiction with the electricity consumption load peak time. The power generation peak does not correspond to the power consumption peak, so that the surplus electric energy which is not used in the power generation peak period is wasted, the power consumption peak period is not just the power generation peak period, and the problem of large power grid load and insufficient supply can occur. In addition, factors such as seasons, weather and the like will also increase the instability of the system energy power generation. With the continuous increase of the ratio of the fluctuation and intermittent renewable energy sources in the power supply structure, the random fluctuation characteristic of the supply side is also generated, the power grid frequency control is more important, the peak regulation and frequency modulation demands are more urgent, and an effective method for solving the problem is to store a large amount of abundant low-price power in the power generation peak period by adopting a power energy storage system, smooth the power generation output of the power system and peak clipping and valley filling by utilizing the power energy storage system, and balance the load of the power grid.
The electric energy storage comprises mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, thermal energy storage, chemical energy storage and other modes. Electrochemical energy storage is most commonly carried out by using a large number of storage batteries for charge and discharge, and mechanical energy storage is more commonly pumping energy storage, gravity energy storage, compressed air energy storage and the like. Of course, the water pumping energy storage is also one of gravity energy storage, water is pumped to a reservoir (such as a mountain top reservoir) at a higher position by using abundant low-price electric energy on a power grid in a power generation peak period, and the water in the reservoir is led down to a generator set for hydroelectric power generation when the power consumption peak is high, so that the potential energy of the water is utilized. One common type of gravity energy storage is to use a hoisting system to hoist a huge balancing weight to a position of hundreds of meters or higher in a power generation peak period, put down the balancing weight again in a power utilization peak period, control the descending speed through a reduction gearbox by using potential energy conversion of the descending process of the balancing weight, and connect a generator to generate power, so that conversion, storage and conversion and release of surplus electric energy are realized. The existing energy storage power station has more defects; firstly, the existing energy storage power stations mostly adopt a single mode for energy storage, the energy storage efficiency is low, secondly, the investment of the existing energy storage power stations built in infrastructure, energy storage and power generation facilities is huge, the energy storage benefit is not ideal, and the investment return period is overlong; thirdly, a large amount of land resources are required to occupy by some energy storage power stations, and the influence on the environment is great.
Therefore, a novel high-capacity, high-efficiency and low-cost power energy storage system is needed, the defects of the energy storage technology are overcome, the stability and balance of the power system are effectively ensured, the power generation output and peak clipping and valley filling of the power system are smoothed, the waste of power resources is reduced, and the production cost of power energy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an intelligent water pumping and gravity power generation hybrid energy storage system which combines water pumping energy storage and gravity energy storage, can be independently cooperated, and has more energy-saving and high-efficiency system operation.
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a hybrid energy storage system for intelligent pumping and gravity power generation, comprising: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems are controlled by a control system to work cooperatively; wherein:
the intelligent water pumping energy storage system comprises a first reservoir and a second reservoir which are independent and mutually adjacent; the water level of the first reservoir is higher than that of the second reservoir, and the bottom of the second reservoir is lower than that of the first reservoir so as to ensure that enough power generation fall is ensured; the first reservoir is connected with the second reservoir through a water pipeline;
The first water pump outputs water of the second reservoir to the first reservoir in the electricity wave valley period so as to clear the reservoir capacity of the second reservoir;
the first generator is positioned at the tail end of the water delivery pipeline of the second reservoir, and hydroelectric generation at the peak period of electricity utilization is realized by utilizing the water level difference between the first reservoir and the second reservoir;
the gravity power generation and energy storage system is positioned in the area of the second reservoir and comprises a plurality of gravity blocks, a track system for controlling the gravity blocks to move up and down and a second generator;
the gravity block slowly descends along the track system under the action of gravity to release gravitational potential energy in the electricity consumption peak period, and the water level of the second reservoir is at a low water level; the gravity block is connected with the speed reducing system and the generator through a steel cable, and the generator is driven to generate electricity by utilizing gravitational potential energy of the gravity block;
the control system controls the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system to realize energy storage and power generation of the two systems;
the electricity consumption peak period and the electricity consumption valley period refer to the load state of an external social public power grid; the electricity consumption peak period is the power generation stage of the energy storage system, and the electricity consumption wave valley period is the energy storage stage of the energy storage system.
The first reservoir is a natural river channel, a river, a lake or other natural water resources with infinite reservoir capacity, and the influence of the water level drop change on the hybrid energy storage system is negligible.
The second reservoir is a pit, a lake or other water storage landforms with certain reservoir capacity; the second reservoir is used as a water storage facility of the intelligent water pumping and energy storage system.
The further improvement is that the water delivery pipeline between the first reservoir and the second reservoir is also provided with a first electric gate valve, and the switch of the first electric gate valve is controlled by the control system.
The further improvement is that the impeller of the first generator is arranged on a telescopic vertical transmission shaft which is arranged in a telescopic pipe; the telescopic pipe is connected with the tail end of the water conveying pipeline, water flow of the water conveying pipeline is led to the impeller of the first generator, and the impeller is pushed to rotate so as to realize power generation; the telescopic vertical transmission shaft and the telescopic pipe are synchronously controlled to stretch by the lifting device, so that the relative position between the impeller and the telescopic pipe is fixed, the whole lifting is ensured, and the highest water flow utilization rate is realized.
The distance measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic pipe, the distance measuring device measures the relative distance between the impeller and the water surface of the second reservoir, and when the water level of the second reservoir changes, the impeller is always kept at the position with the highest water flow utilization rate.
The gravity block is of a hollow structure, a cavity with a certain capacity is formed in the gravity block, and the cavity can be filled with water and drained by air pressure.
The gravity block is a hollow box body formed by concrete or metal or a solid box body.
When the gravity block is a hollow box body, the internal cavity is in control communication with the outside through a second electric gate valve, so that air or water can enter and exit; the second electric gate valve is controlled by the control system.
The further improvement is that the upper part of the second reservoir also comprises a truss system, and the truss system is provided with hoisting equipment; the lifting equipment is connected with the gravity block through the track system, so that the gravity block can ascend and descend; the truss system spans over the second reservoir and the bank of the second reservoir; the lifting equipment can suspend the gravity block to move along the truss system, move the gravity block above the second reservoir and the gravity block storage area on the bank side of the second reservoir, and move the gravity block to the upper side of the second reservoir and release the gravity block in the electricity consumption peak period, so that gravity power generation is realized.
The gravity power generation energy storage system further comprises an air compressor and a pipeline, wherein the pipeline connects the air compressor with the cavity of the gravity block; the air compressor can generate high-pressure air to discharge water in the cavity of the gravity block through the pipeline, so that buoyancy of the gravity block in water is changed.
The invention discloses a control method for storing energy by utilizing the hybrid energy storage system, which comprises the following steps: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems are controlled in a combined mode through a control system;
the water level and the bottom of the first reservoir are higher than those of the second reservoir adjacent to the first reservoir;
during the power utilization peak period, namely, the hybrid energy storage system is in a power generation state;
the intelligent water pumping and energy storage system is characterized in that the control system opens an electric gate valve connected with a water pipeline between a first reservoir and a second reservoir, water in the first reservoir enters the telescopic pipe through the water pipeline, and pushes a first generator to generate electricity and then flow into the second reservoir, and the water level of the second reservoir is gradually increased in the process of generating electricity by the first generator; the impeller of the first generator is connected with the first generator through a telescopic vertical transmission shaft, the impeller and the vertical transmission shaft are positioned in the telescopic pipe, a distance measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic pipe, and the distance measuring device measures the height between the impeller of the first generator and the water surface of the second reservoir and transmits data to a control system; the control system controls the lifting device to lift the positions of the telescopic pipe port and the impeller, so that the tail end of the telescopic pipe and the position of the impeller synchronously move with the water surface of the second reservoir, and the height difference is kept constant, so that the highest gravity water flow utilization efficiency is ensured;
In the gravity power generation energy storage system, a gravity block with a cavity is in a state of being full of water during a power utilization peak period so as to store more gravitational potential energy as much as possible, gradually descends along a gravity block track from the highest position in the initial stage under the action of gravity, converts gravitational potential energy into mechanical kinetic energy for pushing a second generator through a steel rope and a speed reduction system in the descending process, and converts the mechanical kinetic energy into electric energy through the second generator;
during the valley period of electricity consumption, namely when the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage state:
at the moment, the second reservoir is in a full water state, the first water pump pumps water of the second reservoir back to the first reservoir through the water pipeline so as to discharge the storage capacity of the second reservoir and prepare for next power generation; the storage capacity of the first reservoir is regarded as infinite, and the water level line of the first reservoir is unchanged or can be ignored in the process of pumping water to the first reservoir by the first water pump;
in the water pumping process, the water level of the second reservoir gradually drops, and the distance measuring device, the vertical lifting device and the control system are controlled in a linkage manner to ensure that the position of the first water pump is always below a waterline and is not deeply buried in the water bottom, so that the water pumping lift of the first water pump is shortened as much as possible, and the energy consumption of the first water pump in the energy storage process is reduced;
The gravity power generation energy storage device, the gravity piece is connected with the external world through the second electric gate valve, will through air compressor the water in the inside cavity of gravity piece is discharged gradually, the gravity piece can obtain buoyancy and rely on self buoyancy to begin rising gradually, when rising to the surface of water position of second reservoir, jack-up equipment begins to intervene simultaneously this moment the inside cavity of gravity piece reinjection water, jack-up equipment will after full water the gravity piece lifts by crane to the high altitude, realizes gravity energy storage.
The further improvement is characterized in that: the gravity power generation energy storage system further comprises a truss system, the truss system spans over the second reservoir, the lifting equipment is located on a guide rail of the truss and can hang the gravity block to horizontally move, and when the power consumption is low, namely the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage stage, the lifting equipment hangs the gravity block to the high altitude and horizontally transfers the gravity block to a storage area located on the bank side of the second reservoir along the truss system; the topography of the storage area has enough height to enable the gravity block to be in a gravity energy storage state, and the internal cavity is filled with water; and when the gravity block is in the electricity consumption peak period, the lifting equipment moves the gravity block to the position above the second reservoir and slowly descends to enter the electricity generation state of the gravity electricity generation energy storage system.
The intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system can independently finish the processes of energy storage and power generation through the control system, and can also perform cooperative linkage control; when the hybrid energy storage system enters a power generation mode, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started preferentially to generate power so as to fully utilize the maximum descending space of the gravity block formed by the low water level of the second reservoir; meanwhile, when the hybrid energy storage system enters an energy storage mode, the second reservoir is at a high water level, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started preferentially, the gravity block can be enabled to utilize the high water level of the second reservoir to rise to the height as high as possible by means of buoyancy, and then the lifting equipment is started to save energy.
The gravity power generation energy storage system is further improved, and the second generator can be pushed to generate power in the process of floating the gravity block by switching the working mode of the speed reducing mechanism connected with the gravity block.
The gravity block is characterized in that the inner cavity of the gravity block is connected with an external air compressor through a pipeline, and the second gate valve is controlled by the control system to charge and discharge water and air in the inner cavity of the gravity block.
The invention fully utilizes the existing natural resources, such as the first reservoir is a natural river channel, the second reservoir is a pit, the first reservoir and the second reservoir have ideal fall, and good natural conditions are provided for gravity energy storage, so that the fund investment for energy storage facility construction is greatly reduced, and the construction period of the energy storage facility can be greatly shortened.
According to the invention, two energy storage modes of water pumping energy storage and gravity energy storage are integrated, so that the energy storage and power generation efficiency is greatly improved, the gravity block moves to the water surface of the second reservoir by utilizing buoyancy, and the power consumption of carrying the gravity block upwards from the bottom of the second reservoir is reduced.
The impeller with the first generator can synchronously move with the water level change of the second reservoir, so that the maximum efficiency can be maintained during power generation, and the maximum efficiency and the optimal energy consumption can be maintained during water pumping.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for storing energy for generating electricity from water delivered from a first reservoir to a second reservoir;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for storing energy for generating electricity from water transferred from a first reservoir to a second reservoir.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise ratios for convenience and clarity in assisting in illustrating embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size of layers and regions, as well as the relative sizes, may be exaggerated for the same elements throughout. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention relates to a hybrid energy storage system for intelligent pumping and gravity power generation, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems are controlled by a control system to work cooperatively. The structure mainly comprises:
The intelligent water pumping energy storage system comprises a first reservoir and a second reservoir which are independent and mutually adjacent; the water level of the first reservoir is higher than that of the second reservoir, and the bottom of the second reservoir is lower than that of the first reservoir so as to ensure that enough power generation fall is ensured. The first reservoir may be a natural river, or natural water resource having a capacity quite similar to an infinite reservoir capacity (relative to the system of the present invention). The change of the water level can be regarded as constant for the energy storage system. The second reservoir is a low-lying land feature with a certain reservoir capacity and enough vertical drop height, which is close to the first reservoir, for example, a pit, a natural cave and the like, and the water level of the second reservoir can have obvious drop height change in the process of storing energy and generating electricity by the system. The first reservoir is connected with the second reservoir through a water pipeline, and the first reservoir is not far away from the second reservoir generally. Such topography is common in many areas of our country through investigation, and the second reservoir is typically located immediately adjacent to the mountain or cliff, and is well suited for retrofitting the hybrid energy storage system of the present invention.
The first reservoir is generally communicated with the second reservoir through a water conveying pipeline or a ditch, and the like, a first electric gate valve is arranged on the water conveying pipeline or the ditch and is controlled by a control system, so that water flow on-off of the water conveying pipeline is realized.
The first water pump outputs water of the second reservoir to the first reservoir in the electricity consumption valley period, and the low-cost and surplus electric power on the public electricity network in the electricity consumption valley period is utilized to clear out the storage capacity of the second reservoir, so that the state of hydraulic energy storage is realized.
The first generator is positioned at the tail end of the water delivery pipeline of the second reservoir, and hydroelectric generation at the peak period of electricity utilization is realized by utilizing the water level difference between the first reservoir and the second reservoir. The electricity consumption valley period or the electricity consumption peak period refers to the load state of an external social public power grid. And during the electricity consumption peak period, the electricity consumption peak period is the electricity generation period of the energy storage system, the electricity generated by the energy storage system is sold to the public power grid, and the electricity consumption valley period is the energy storage period of the invention, and the surplus electricity of the external public power grid is utilized for energy storage of the energy storage system. The energy storage system can realize economic value due to different electricity prices of the external public power grid in the electricity consumption peak period and the electricity consumption wave valley period. The first generator is also connected with a power transformation system such as a transformer and the like to be connected to an external public power grid, which is a known technology and is not a discussion range of the invention, and is not repeated.
The first generator is a hydroelectric generator, the impeller of the first generator is connected with the vertical transmission shaft through a telescopic shaft, and the impeller and the vertical transmission shaft are simultaneously positioned in a telescopic pipe which can be vertically telescopic to change the length, such as a corrugated pipe or the like. The impeller, the vertical transmission shaft and the telescopic pipe can synchronously move up and down through the lifting system. The telescopic pipe is connected to a water conveying pipeline between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, water in the first reservoir flows through the water conveying pipeline and then enters the downward telescopic pipe to finally push the impeller at the tail end to rotate, the first generator is connected with the vertical rotating shaft to generate electricity, and the water finally enters the second reservoir. A distance measuring device always monitors the distance between the impeller and the water surface of the telescopic pipe and the second reservoir, so that the impeller is always positioned on the water surface of the second reservoir, the running resistance of the impeller is reduced, the water flow drop as high as possible is ensured, and the hydraulic potential energy is utilized to the greatest extent. The nozzle of the telescopic tube is always positioned at the impeller position so as to ensure that the water flow pushes the impeller as much as possible.
The distance measuring device and the lifting system also monitor the position of the first water pump, so that the first water pump is always positioned below the water surface when the water level changes, and always keeps lower lift, and the power consumption during energy storage is saved.
The gravity power generation and energy storage system is positioned in the area of the second reservoir and comprises a plurality of gravity blocks, a track system for controlling the gravity blocks to move up and down and a second generator.
And the gravity block slowly descends along the track system under the action of gravity to release gravitational potential energy. The track system can be a vertical portal or a steel rail, or a steel cable can be directly adopted. The gravity block is connected with the speed reducing system and the generator through the steel cable, and the generator is driven to generate electricity by utilizing gravitational potential energy of the gravity block.
The gravity block is a hollow box body formed by concrete or metal or a solid box body. In order to improve the operation efficiency of the hybrid energy storage system as much as possible, the invention adopts the structure of the hollow box body, a cavity with a certain capacity is formed in the hollow box body, and the internal cavity can be filled with water and drained by utilizing air pressure. The internal cavity and the outside are controlled by a second electrically operated gate valve.
The control system controls the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system and comprises subsystems such as a distance measuring device, a first electric gate valve, a lifting system, lifting equipment, a speed reducing system and the like, so that energy storage and power generation of the two systems are realized.
The upper part of the second reservoir can also comprise a truss system, and the truss system row is provided with lifting equipment; the lifting equipment is connected with the gravity block through the track system, so that the gravity block can ascend and descend; the truss system spans over the second reservoir and the bank of the second reservoir; the lifting equipment can suspend the gravity block to move along the truss system, move the gravity block above the second reservoir and the gravity block storage area on the bank side of the second reservoir, and move the gravity block to the upper side of the second reservoir and release the gravity block in the electricity consumption peak period, so that gravity power generation is realized.
The gravity power generation energy storage system also comprises an air compressor and a pipeline, wherein the pipeline connects the air compressor with the cavity of the gravity block; the air compressor can generate high-pressure air to discharge water in the cavity of the gravity block through the pipeline, so that buoyancy of the gravity block in water is changed.
The invention discloses a control method for storing energy by utilizing the hybrid energy storage system, which comprises the following steps: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems can independently operate under the control of the control system and can also cooperatively operate, so that higher operation efficiency is realized, and higher economic benefit is realized.
The water level of the first reservoir is far higher than that of the second reservoir adjacent to the first reservoir, so that enough hydroelectric generation fall is ensured.
During peak electricity consumption, i.e., when the hybrid energy storage system of the invention is in a power generation operating state:
as shown in fig. 1, at this time, the water level of the second reservoir is at a low water level, the intelligent pumping energy storage system, the control system opens an electric gate valve connected with a water pipeline between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, water in the first reservoir enters the telescopic pipe through the water pipeline, and after being pushed to generate electricity, the water flows into the second reservoir, and the water level of the second reservoir is gradually increased in the power generation process of the first generator; the impeller of the first generator is connected with the first generator through a telescopic vertical transmission shaft, the impeller and the vertical transmission shaft are positioned in the telescopic pipe, a distance measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic pipe, and the distance measuring device measures the height between the impeller of the first generator and the water surface of the second reservoir and transmits data to a control system; the control system controls the lifting device to lift the end opening of the telescopic pipe and the position of the impeller, so that the tail end of the telescopic pipe and the position of the impeller synchronously move with the water surface of the second reservoir, and the height difference is kept constant, so that the highest gravity water flow utilization efficiency is ensured.
The gravity power generation energy storage system is characterized in that a gravity block with a cavity is arranged in the gravity block, the gravity block is in a state of being full of water during a power utilization peak period so as to store more gravitational potential energy as much as possible, the gravity block gradually descends along a gravity block track from the highest position in the initial stage under the action of gravity, and the gravitational potential energy of the gravity block is converted into mechanical kinetic energy for pushing a second generator through a steel rope and a speed reduction system in the descending process and is converted into electric energy through the second generator. The descending speed control can be realized by corresponding control algorithms according to the weight of the gravity block, the reduction ratio of the reduction structure and the like, and the power generation amount can be regulated.
During the valley period of electricity consumption, namely, when the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage operation stage:
as shown in fig. 2, the second reservoir is full, the first water pump pumps the water of the second reservoir back to the first reservoir through the water pipe so as to make the reservoir capacity of the second reservoir clear, realize the energy storage of the water power and prepare for the next power generation. The first reservoir is a natural river channel, the reservoir capacity of the first reservoir is regarded as infinite, and the water level line of the first reservoir is unchanged or is changed in a negligible way for the hybrid energy storage system.
In the water pumping process, the water level of the second reservoir gradually drops, and the distance measuring device, the vertical lifting device and the control system are controlled in a linkage mode to ensure that the position of the first water pump is always below a waterline and is not deeply buried in the water bottom, so that the water pumping lift of the first water pump is shortened as much as possible, and the energy consumption of the first water pump in the energy storage process is reduced.
The gravity power generation energy storage device, the gravity piece is connected with the external world through the second electric gate valve, will through air compressor the water in the inside cavity of gravity piece is discharged gradually, the gravity piece can obtain buoyancy and rely on self buoyancy to begin rising gradually, when rising to the surface of water position of second reservoir, jack-up equipment begins to intervene simultaneously this moment the inside cavity of gravity piece reinjection water, jack-up equipment will after full water the gravity piece lifts by crane to the high altitude, realizes gravity energy storage.
The gravity power generation energy storage system further comprises a truss system, wherein the truss system spans over the second reservoir and can be constructed by means of mountain bodies beside the second reservoir. The lifting equipment is positioned on the guide rail of the truss and can hang the gravity block to horizontally move. When the electricity consumption low valley period is that the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage stage, the lifting equipment lifts the gravity block to the high altitude and horizontally transfers the gravity block to a storage area positioned on the bank side of the second reservoir along the truss system; the topography of the storage area has enough height to enable the gravity block filled with water in the internal cavity to be in a gravity energy storage state; and when the gravity block is in the electricity consumption peak period, the lifting equipment moves the gravity block to the position above the second reservoir along the truss system and slowly descends to enter the electricity generation state of the gravity electricity generation energy storage system.
The control mode is a control mode in a general working state, the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system can respectively and independently complete the processes of energy storage and power generation through the control system, and in order to operate the system more efficiently, the hybrid energy storage system can also perform cooperative linkage control as follows:
when the hybrid energy storage system enters a power generation mode, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started to generate power preferentially, and the maximum descending space of the gravity block formed by the low water level of the second reservoir can be fully utilized by preferentially starting gravity power generation because the second reservoir is at the lowest water level. Because the water level is higher, even if the gravity block is in a full-load state filled with water, the gravity block still can be influenced by buoyancy in the water, and at the moment, the stored gravitational potential energy can be wasted by the buoyancy. Meanwhile, when the hybrid energy storage system enters an energy storage mode, the second reservoir is at a high water level, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started preferentially, the gravity block can be enabled to utilize the high water level of the second reservoir to rise to the height as high as possible by means of buoyancy, and then the lifting equipment is started to save energy. In addition, the invention can also realize that the buoyancy can be utilized in the process of floating the gravity block by switching the working mode of the speed reducing mechanism connected with the gravity block so as to push the second generator to generate power.
In addition, the internal cavity of the gravity block is connected with an external air compressor through a pipeline, and the second gate valve is controlled by the control system to charge and discharge water and air in the internal cavity of the gravity block. When the inner cavity is full of water, high-pressure air can be injected into the inner cavity through the air compressor to discharge water. Of course, based on the flexibility of the hybrid energy storage system, when the system is in a power generation state and the gravity power generation system is started preferentially, the gravity block descends to the lowest point, the water surface of the second reservoir is still lower than the gravity block, an air compressor is not needed at this time, only the second electric gate valve is needed to be opened, and water stored in the cavity inside the gravity block can naturally flow out.
As an embodiment, the calculation of the stored energy power consumption and the generated energy of the hybrid energy storage system of the present invention is described as follows, assuming that:
A. the first reservoir is a river course: the flow rate of the river is temporarily not considered, and is assumed to be sufficiently large.
B. The second reservoir has a dimension L X W X H of 200X100 (units of meters); capacity v=2×10 of the second reservoir ^6 (unit: m means).
C. The electricity price off-peak period time is t1=10 hours, and the calculation is performed by t1=8 hours.
D. The electricity price peak time is t3=4 hours, and the calculation is performed according to t3=4 hours.
Calculating the generating capacity of the water turbine:
p water wheel = 9.8 qh/n (KJ) = 9.8 x 138.89 x 50/90% = 75617KW.
In the above formula:
q=500000/3600= 138.89 m/s power generation flow, m 3 /s。
And P is the power generation power (unit: KW) of the water turbine.
Q is the flow rate (unit: mW/s) of water in the turbine.
H is the power generation water head (0-100 m, average 50 m), (unit: m).
The power generation time is the peak electricity price time, (unit: s).
n genset efficiency.
The actual power generation amount in one day is as follows:
total=peq t3=75117×4 kwh= 302471 degrees.
And (5) calculating the power consumption of water pumping:
ppump=q H/367/η=250000×50/367/80% = 42575KW.
Eta-the unit efficiency is calculated to be 80%.
Q-flow cube/hour (2000000/8) =250000 cubes/hour.
H-head m (average head 50 m).
P pump-input power KW.
The actual power consumption of pumping water in one day is as follows:
w pump = P pump = T = 42575 x 8 = 340600 degrees.
The energy consumption difference of pumping power generation in one day is as follows:
wye=wtotal-wpump=302471-340600= -38129 degrees.
Gravity stored energy (single energy storage block) power generation calculation (calculation made without considering the resistance of water), as an example, assume:
A. Material of the gravity block: marble, density: 2.6-2.8T/m.w..
B. Size of gravity block (length x width x height): 3 x 2 (units: meters).
C. Gravity block cavity size (length x width x height): 2.4 x 1.4 (units: meters).
D. Mass of air: and neglected.
Mass of marble: m stone= (3 x 2-2.4 x 1.4) x 2.6=9.936 x 2.6= 25.8336T.
The mass of water filled in the cavity is as follows: mwater=2.4×2.4×1.4= 8.064T.
Mass of cavity after filling water: m water = M stone + M water = 25.8336+8.064 = 33.8976T.
Volume of the cavity balloon: v-bag= 25.8336-8.064 = 17.7696m w, 18m w of air bags need to be selected.
The gravitational potential energy generating capacity is as follows:
ep=mgh=33.8976×1000×10×100= 33.8976 ×joules/3.6× 9.416 degrees
At a depth of 100 meters, the electric energy required for inflation:
e void = PV = 1*J =/(3.6X) degrees = 0.278 degrees electricity.
The power consumption of the air compressor is as follows:
w is zero=0.278/0.9=0.31 degrees.
Inflation 26 cubic requires power consumption:
total of wq=0.31×26=8.06 degrees electricity.
The energy required for extracting the water in the cavity of the gravity block is as follows:
draw = MgH/η = 8.086 x 1000 x 10 x 100/0.8 = 1.01 x j = 2.8 degrees electricity
Total amount of primary power consumption:
total=ehole+wtotal=8.06+2.8=10.06 degrees electricity.
The primary energy consumption difference of gravity power generation is as follows:
Edifference = Ep-Wtotal = -0.644 degrees.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. Intelligent pumping and gravity power generation hybrid energy storage system is characterized in that: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems are controlled by a control system to work cooperatively; wherein:
the intelligent water pumping energy storage system comprises a first reservoir and a second reservoir which are independent and mutually adjacent; the water level of the first reservoir is higher than that of the second reservoir, and the bottom of the second reservoir is lower than that of the first reservoir so as to ensure that enough power generation fall is ensured; the first reservoir is connected with the second reservoir through a water pipeline;
the first water pump outputs water of the second reservoir to the first reservoir in the electricity wave valley period so as to clear the reservoir capacity of the second reservoir;
The first generator is positioned at the tail end of the water delivery pipeline of the second reservoir, and hydroelectric generation at the peak period of electricity utilization is realized by utilizing the water level difference between the first reservoir and the second reservoir;
the gravity power generation and energy storage system is positioned in the area of the second reservoir and comprises a plurality of gravity blocks, lifting equipment for controlling the gravity blocks to move up and down, a track system and a second generator;
the gravity block slowly descends along the track system under the action of gravity to release gravitational potential energy in the electricity consumption peak period, and the water level of the second reservoir is at a low water level; the gravity block is connected with the speed reducing system and the generator through a steel cable, and the generator is driven to generate electricity by utilizing gravitational potential energy of the gravity block;
the control system controls the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system to realize energy storage and power generation of the two systems;
the electricity consumption peak period and the electricity consumption valley period refer to the load state of an external social public power grid; the electricity consumption peak period is the power generation stage of the energy storage system, and the electricity consumption wave valley period is the energy storage stage of the energy storage system.
2. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the first reservoir is a natural river channel, river, lake or other natural water resource with the reservoir capacity being regarded as infinite, and the influence of the water level drop change on the hybrid energy storage system is negligible.
3. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 2, wherein: the second reservoir is a pit, a lake or other water storage landforms with certain reservoir capacity; the second reservoir is used as a water storage facility of the intelligent water pumping and energy storage system.
4. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the water delivery pipeline between the first reservoir and the second reservoir is also provided with a first electric gate valve, and the switch of the first electric gate valve is controlled by the control system.
5. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the impeller of the first generator is arranged on a telescopic vertical transmission shaft which is arranged in a telescopic pipe; the telescopic pipe is connected with the tail end of the water conveying pipeline, water flow of the water conveying pipeline is led to the impeller of the first generator, and the impeller is pushed to rotate so as to realize power generation; the telescopic vertical transmission shaft and the telescopic pipe are synchronously controlled to stretch by the lifting device, so that the relative position between the impeller and the telescopic pipe is fixed, the whole lifting is ensured, and the highest water flow utilization rate is realized.
6. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 5, wherein: the distance measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic pipe and measures the relative distance between the impeller and the water surface of the second reservoir, and when the water level of the second reservoir changes, the impeller is always kept at the position with the highest water flow utilization rate.
7. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the gravity block is of a hollow structure, a cavity with a certain capacity is formed in the gravity block, and water can be filled into the cavity and air pressure can be used for draining water.
8. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the gravity block is a hollow box body formed by concrete or metal, or a solid box body.
9. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 8, wherein: when the gravity block is a hollow box body, the internal cavity is in control communication with the outside through a second electric gate valve, so that air or water can enter and exit; the second electric gate valve is controlled by the control system.
10. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the truss system is arranged above the second reservoir, and the truss system is provided with hoisting equipment; the lifting equipment is connected with the gravity block through the track system, so that the gravity block can ascend and descend; the truss system spans over the second reservoir and the bank of the second reservoir; the lifting equipment can suspend the gravity block to move along the truss system, move the gravity block above the second reservoir and the gravity block storage area on the bank side of the second reservoir, and move the gravity block to the upper side of the second reservoir and release the gravity block in the electricity consumption peak period, so that gravity power generation is realized.
11. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 10: the method is characterized in that: the track system is a portal frame or a vertical steel rail or a steel cable connected with the hoisting system of the hoisting equipment.
12. The intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 7, wherein: the gravity power generation energy storage system also comprises an air compressor and a pipeline, wherein the pipeline connects the air compressor with the cavity of the gravity block; the air compressor can generate high-pressure air to discharge water in the cavity of the gravity block through the pipeline, so that buoyancy of the gravity block in water is changed.
13. A control method of the intelligent pumped and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 1: the method is characterized in that: the hybrid energy storage system comprises an intelligent water pumping energy storage system and a gravity power generation energy storage system, and the two energy storage systems are controlled in a combined mode through a control system;
the water level and the bottom of the first reservoir are higher than those of the second reservoir adjacent to the first reservoir;
during the power utilization peak period, namely, the hybrid energy storage system is in a power generation state;
the intelligent water pumping and energy storage system is characterized in that the control system opens an electric gate valve connected with a water pipeline between a first reservoir and a second reservoir, water in the first reservoir enters the telescopic pipe through the water pipeline, and pushes a first generator to generate electricity and then flow into the second reservoir, and the water level of the second reservoir is gradually increased in the process of generating electricity by the first generator; the impeller of the first generator is connected with the first generator through a telescopic vertical transmission shaft, the impeller and the vertical transmission shaft are positioned in the telescopic pipe, a distance measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic pipe, and the distance measuring device measures the height between the impeller of the first generator and the water surface of the second reservoir and transmits data to a control system; the control system controls the lifting device to lift the positions of the telescopic pipe port and the impeller, so that the tail end of the telescopic pipe and the position of the impeller synchronously move with the water surface of the second reservoir, and the height difference is kept constant, so that the highest gravity water flow utilization efficiency is ensured;
In the gravity power generation energy storage system, a gravity block with a cavity is in a state of being full of water during a power utilization peak period so as to store more gravitational potential energy as much as possible, gradually descends along a gravity block track from the highest position in the initial stage under the action of gravity, converts gravitational potential energy into mechanical kinetic energy for pushing a second generator through a steel rope and a speed reduction system in the descending process, and converts the mechanical kinetic energy into electric energy through the second generator;
during the valley period of electricity consumption, namely when the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage state:
at the moment, the second reservoir is in a full water state, the first water pump pumps water of the second reservoir back to the first reservoir through the water pipeline so as to discharge the storage capacity of the second reservoir and prepare for next power generation; the storage capacity of the first reservoir is regarded as infinite, and the water level line of the first reservoir is unchanged or can be ignored in the process of pumping water to the first reservoir by the first water pump;
in the water pumping process, the water level of the second reservoir gradually drops, and the distance measuring device, the vertical lifting device and the control system are controlled in a linkage manner to ensure that the position of the first water pump is always below a waterline and is not deeply buried in the water bottom, so that the water pumping lift of the first water pump is shortened as much as possible, and the energy consumption of the first water pump in the energy storage process is reduced;
The gravity power generation energy storage device, the gravity piece is connected with the external world through the second electric gate valve, will through air compressor the water in the inside cavity of gravity piece is discharged gradually, the gravity piece can obtain buoyancy and rely on self buoyancy to begin rising gradually, when rising to the surface of water position of second reservoir, jack-up equipment begins to intervene simultaneously this moment the inside cavity of gravity piece reinjection water, jack-up equipment will after full water the gravity piece lifts by crane to the high altitude, realizes gravity energy storage.
14. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 13: the method is characterized in that: the gravity power generation energy storage system further comprises a truss system, the truss system spans over the second reservoir, the lifting equipment is located on a guide rail of the truss and can hang the gravity block to horizontally move, and when the power consumption is low, namely the hybrid energy storage system is in an energy storage stage, the lifting equipment hangs the gravity block to the high altitude and horizontally transfers the gravity block to a storage area located on the bank side of the second reservoir along the truss system; the topography of the storage area has enough height to enable the gravity block to be in a gravity energy storage state, and the internal cavity is filled with water; and when the gravity block is in the electricity consumption peak period, the lifting equipment moves the gravity block to the position above the second reservoir and slowly descends to enter the electricity generation state of the gravity electricity generation energy storage system.
15. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 13: the method is characterized in that: the intelligent water pumping energy storage system and the gravity power generation energy storage system can independently finish the processes of energy storage and power generation through the control system, and can also perform cooperative linkage control; when the hybrid energy storage system enters a power generation mode, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started preferentially to generate power so as to fully utilize the maximum descending space of the gravity block formed by the low water level of the second reservoir; meanwhile, when the hybrid energy storage system enters an energy storage mode, the second reservoir is at a high water level, the gravity power generation energy storage system can be started preferentially, the gravity block can be enabled to utilize the high water level of the second reservoir to rise to the height as high as possible by means of buoyancy, and then the lifting equipment is started to save energy.
16. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 13: the method is characterized in that: the gravity power generation energy storage system can push the second generator to generate power in the process of floating the gravity block by switching the working mode of the speed reducing mechanism connected with the gravity block.
17. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 13: the method is characterized in that: the internal cavity of the gravity block is connected with an external air compressor through a pipeline, and the second gate valve is controlled by the control system to charge and discharge water and air in the internal cavity of the gravity block.
18. The control method of the intelligent pumping and gravity-generated hybrid energy storage system of claim 13: the method is characterized in that: when the gravity block descends to the lowest point after the power generation is finished, the second electric gate valve is opened, and water stored in the inner cavity of the gravity block can naturally flow out to enter the second reservoir.
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