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CN116299464A - A high-speed and high-maneuvering wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method - Google Patents

A high-speed and high-maneuvering wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method Download PDF

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CN116299464A
CN116299464A CN202310555848.XA CN202310555848A CN116299464A CN 116299464 A CN116299464 A CN 116299464A CN 202310555848 A CN202310555848 A CN 202310555848A CN 116299464 A CN116299464 A CN 116299464A
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李亚超
袁铭泽
张廷豪
于勇
张彬
王书满
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed high-mobility wide-range fan-scan SAR imaging method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out primary azimuth time-varying error correction on the echo signal, processing by using a de-rotation filter, and then carrying out azimuth Fourier transform; processing signals subjected to the position Fourier transform by using a position space-variant time shift correction filter, then performing the position inverse Fourier transform, processing the signals subjected to the position inverse Fourier transform by using a distance position decoupling filter, then performing the distance Fourier transform, eliminating a reference pitch introduced by the line-separating frequency adjustment processing, eliminating the influence of the position space of the signals on the position focusing, then performing the position Fourier transform on the signals, processing by using a Doppler time-variant error filter, and then performing the position inverse Fourier transform to realize imaging. After the azimuth ambiguity of the signal is eliminated, the azimuth space-variant time shift correction filter and the distance azimuth decoupling filter are constructed, so that the decoupling of the signal distance and the azimuth can be realized rapidly.

Description

一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法A high-speed and high-maneuvering wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于SAR成像技术领域，具体涉及一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of SAR imaging, and in particular relates to a high-speed, high-mobility and wide-width sector-scanning SAR imaging method.

背景技术Background technique

高机动平台在成像制导过程中，需要进行宽测绘带成像以实现大范围目标搜索。由于传统的多普勒波束锐化(DBS)成像拼接方法存在比较明显的拼接痕迹，成像效果较差，扫描合成孔径雷达(Scan SAR)模式存在扇贝效应与信噪比不一致等问题，如今，宽测绘带成像逐渐向成像效果更优、波束移动更灵活的循序渐进扫描(TOPS)模式发展。During the imaging guidance process of high mobility platform, wide swath imaging is required to realize large-scale target search. Because the traditional Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) imaging stitching method has obvious stitching traces, the imaging effect is poor, and the Scanning Synthetic Aperture Radar (Scan SAR) mode has problems such as scalloping effect and inconsistent signal-to-noise ratio. Swath imaging is gradually developing towards the progressive scanning (TOPS) mode with better imaging effect and more flexible beam movement.

而在低成本、小型化平台中，往往采用调频连续波雷达。这种新体制雷达结构简单、峰值功率低、调频周期长，导致传统的脉冲体制雷达的成像模型与成像算法在调频连续波信号上失效。因此，面对低成本、小型化平台宽幅成像的需求，需要对循序渐进扫描模式与调频连续波雷达相结合的成像方法进行研究。In low-cost, miniaturized platforms, frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar is often used. This new system radar has simple structure, low peak power, and long frequency modulation cycle, which lead to the failure of the imaging model and imaging algorithm of the traditional pulse system radar on the frequency modulation continuous wave signal. Therefore, in the face of the demand for low-cost, miniaturized platform wide-format imaging, it is necessary to study the imaging method combining the progressive scanning mode and frequency-modulated continuous wave radar.

Guan Y等人在文献“Study on Full Aperture Imaging Algorithm forAirborneTOPS Mode[J]. IEEE Access, 2018:16305-16313.”中提出了一种机载正侧视构型下的改进频率变标算法，在方位聚焦过程中去除了由于波束扫描引起的方位时域混叠的现象。现有技术针对机载正侧视构型下的循序渐进扫描模式成像，这种技术无法应对大斜视构型下距离与方位信号的高度耦合现象与方位空变现象。现有技术主要面向机载正侧视的构型条件，信号耦合较小且耦合形式与大斜视条件不同，若忽视信号耦合，会导致信号无法聚焦；由于成像范围大，存在严重的方位空变问题，若忽视方位空变，会导致成像聚焦深度浅，无法实现全孔径成像。In the document "Study on Full Aperture Imaging Algorithm for AirborneTOPS Mode[J]. IEEE Access, 2018:16305-16313.", Guan Y et al. proposed an improved frequency scaling algorithm under the airborne side-view configuration. The azimuth-time-domain aliasing phenomenon caused by beam scanning is removed during the azimuth focusing process. The existing technology is aimed at the progressive scanning mode imaging under the airborne side-looking configuration, which cannot deal with the high coupling phenomenon of distance and azimuth signals and the azimuth spatial variation phenomenon under the high squint configuration. The existing technology is mainly oriented to the configuration conditions of the airborne front and side view. The signal coupling is small and the coupling form is different from the high squint condition. If the signal coupling is ignored, the signal will not be able to focus; due to the large imaging range, there is serious azimuth space variation The problem is that if the azimuth space variation is ignored, the depth of focus of the imaging will be shallow, and full-aperture imaging cannot be achieved.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法。本发明要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案实现：In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method. The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

本发明提供了一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，包括：The present invention provides a high-speed and high-mobility wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method, comprising:

S1：获得解线频调处理后的回波信号并进行瞬时斜距泰勒展开，得到瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号

Figure SMS_1
；S1: Obtain the echo signal after delineation and frequency modulation processing and perform instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion to obtain the echo signal after instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion
Figure SMS_1
;

S2：对所述瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号

Figure SMS_2
进行一次方位时变误差校正，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure SMS_3
；S2: the echo signal after Taylor expansion of the instantaneous slant distance
Figure SMS_2
Perform an azimuth time-varying error correction to obtain the corrected signal />
Figure SMS_3
;

S3：利用解旋转滤波器对所述信号

Figure SMS_4
进行处理，获得方位不模糊的信号
Figure SMS_5
；S3: Use the derotation filter to process the signal
Figure SMS_4
Process to obtain a signal with an unambiguous orientation
Figure SMS_5
;

S4：对所述方位不模糊的信号

Figure SMS_6
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure SMS_7
；S4: Unambiguous signal for said bearing
Figure SMS_6
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth Fourier transform/>
Figure SMS_7
;

S5：利用方位空变时移校正滤波器对所述方位傅里叶变换后的信号

Figure SMS_8
进行处理，获得处理后的信号/>
Figure SMS_9
；S5: Use the azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter to transform the azimuth Fourier-transformed signal
Figure SMS_8
Perform processing to obtain the processed signal />
Figure SMS_9
;

S6：对所述信号

Figure SMS_10
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure SMS_11
；S6: on the signal
Figure SMS_10
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth inverse Fourier transform/>
Figure SMS_11
;

S7：利用距离方位解耦合滤波器对所述方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号

Figure SMS_12
进行处理，得到距离方位解耦合后的信号/>
Figure SMS_13
；S7: Utilize the range and azimuth decoupling filter to inverse Fourier transform the azimuth signal
Figure SMS_12
Perform processing to obtain the decoupled signal of distance and azimuth/>
Figure SMS_13
;

S8：对所述信号

Figure SMS_14
进行距离傅里叶变换，得到距离聚焦的信号
Figure SMS_15
；S8: To the signal
Figure SMS_14
Perform distance Fourier transform to obtain distance-focused signals
Figure SMS_15
;

S9：消除所述信号

Figure SMS_16
中解线频调处理引入的参考斜距，获得信号
Figure SMS_17
；S9: Eliminate the signal
Figure SMS_16
The reference slant distance introduced by the mid-line frequency tone processing is obtained to obtain the signal
Figure SMS_17
;

S10：将多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_18
与所述信号/>
Figure SMS_19
相乘以消除信号方位空变性对方位向聚焦的影响，获得信号/>
Figure SMS_20
；S10: Correct the Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter
Figure SMS_18
with the signal />
Figure SMS_19
multiplied to eliminate the effect of signal azimuth spatial variability on azimuth focusing, to obtain the signal />
Figure SMS_20
;

S11：对所述信号

Figure SMS_21
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的
Figure SMS_22
；S11: To the signal
Figure SMS_21
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the azimuth Fourier transformed
Figure SMS_22
;

S12：利用多普勒时变误差滤波器

Figure SMS_23
对所述信号/>
Figure SMS_24
进行处理，得到信号/>
Figure SMS_25
；S12: Using Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure SMS_23
to the signal />
Figure SMS_24
Process and get the signal />
Figure SMS_25
;

S13：对所述信号

Figure SMS_26
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到二维聚焦的信号
Figure SMS_27
，以实现成像。S13: To the signal
Figure SMS_26
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional focused signal
Figure SMS_27
, to achieve imaging.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S2包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S2 includes:

S2.1：构造一次方位时变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_28
：S2.1: Construct an azimuth time-varying error correction filter
Figure SMS_28
:

Figure SMS_29
，
Figure SMS_29
,

其中，

Figure SMS_31
表示距离快时间，/>
Figure SMS_37
表示方位慢时间，/>
Figure SMS_39
表示目标斜距引起的时延与解线频调处理中参考斜距引起的时延的差，/>
Figure SMS_32
表示虚数单位，/>
Figure SMS_34
表示一次方位时变误差，/>
Figure SMS_36
表示SAR系统平台的速度，/>
Figure SMS_38
表示目标斜视角，/>
Figure SMS_30
表示发射信号载频，/>
Figure SMS_33
表示光速，/>
Figure SMS_35
表示发射信号调频率；in,
Figure SMS_31
Indicates distance and time, />
Figure SMS_37
Indicates the azimuth slow time, />
Figure SMS_39
Indicates the difference between the time delay caused by the target slant distance and the time delay caused by the reference slant distance in the delineation and tone processing, />
Figure SMS_32
Indicates the imaginary unit, />
Figure SMS_34
Indicates a time-varying error in azimuth, />
Figure SMS_36
Indicates the speed of the SAR system platform, />
Figure SMS_38
Indicates the oblique angle of the target, />
Figure SMS_30
Indicates the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal, />
Figure SMS_33
represents the speed of light, />
Figure SMS_35
Indicates the modulation frequency of the transmitted signal;

S2.2：将所述回波信号

Figure SMS_40
与所述一次方位时变误差校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_41
相乘，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure SMS_42
：S2.2: the echo signal
Figure SMS_40
with the primary azimuth time-varying error correction filter />
Figure SMS_41
Multiply to get the corrected signal />
Figure SMS_42
:

Figure SMS_43
，
Figure SMS_43
,

其中，

Figure SMS_44
表示距离时域信号中的距离窗函数，/>
Figure SMS_45
表示方位时域信号中的方位窗函数，/>
Figure SMS_46
表示在合成孔径积累时间中每个采样时刻的目标斜距与参考斜距之差。in,
Figure SMS_44
Represents the range window function in the range-time domain signal, />
Figure SMS_45
Represents the azimuth window function in the azimuth time domain signal, />
Figure SMS_46
Indicates the difference between the target slant distance and the reference slant distance at each sampling moment in the synthetic aperture accumulation time.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S3包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S3 includes:

S3.1：构建解旋转滤波器

Figure SMS_47
：S3.1: Construct the derotation filter
Figure SMS_47
:

Figure SMS_48
，
Figure SMS_48
,

其中，

Figure SMS_49
为旋转因子，/>
Figure SMS_50
表示波束斜视角的旋转角速度；in,
Figure SMS_49
is the rotation factor, />
Figure SMS_50
Indicates the rotational angular velocity of the oblique angle of the beam;

S3.2：将所述信号

Figure SMS_51
与所述解旋转滤波器/>
Figure SMS_52
相乘，获得方位不模糊的信号/>
Figure SMS_53
。S3.2: Put the signal
Figure SMS_51
with the derotation filter />
Figure SMS_52
Multiply to get a signal with unambiguous orientation />
Figure SMS_53
.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S5包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S5 includes:

S5.1：构建方位空变时移校正滤波器

Figure SMS_54
：S5.1: Construct azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter
Figure SMS_54
:

Figure SMS_55
，
Figure SMS_55
,

其中，

Figure SMS_56
表示解线频调处理引入的参考斜距；in,
Figure SMS_56
Indicates the reference slant distance introduced by the delineation and tone processing;

S5.2：将所述方位傅里叶变换后的信号

Figure SMS_57
与所述方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_58
相乘，得到消除方位时移空变的信号/>
Figure SMS_59
：S5.2: Fourier transform the azimuth signal
Figure SMS_57
with the azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter />
Figure SMS_58
multiplied to obtain a signal that eliminates time-shift and space-variation in azimuth/>
Figure SMS_59
:

Figure SMS_60
，
Figure SMS_60
,

其中，

Figure SMS_62
表示方位频率，/>
Figure SMS_65
表示方位频域信号中的方位频率窗函数，/>
Figure SMS_67
表示方位频率频移，/>
Figure SMS_61
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_64
与方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_69
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第0阶系数，/>
Figure SMS_70
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_63
与方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_66
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第/>
Figure SMS_68
阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_62
Indicates the azimuth frequency, />
Figure SMS_65
Represents the azimuth frequency window function in the azimuth frequency domain signal, />
Figure SMS_67
Indicates the azimuth frequency shift, />
Figure SMS_61
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_64
with azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter />
Figure SMS_69
The 0th order coefficient when multiplying and then performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, />
Figure SMS_70
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_63
with azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter />
Figure SMS_66
After multiplying and then performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, the first />
Figure SMS_68
order coefficient.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S7包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S7 includes:

S7.1：构建距离方位解耦合滤波器

Figure SMS_71
：S7.1: Construct the range-azimuth decoupling filter
Figure SMS_71
:

Figure SMS_72
，
Figure SMS_72
,

其中，

Figure SMS_73
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_74
中相位对距离快时间的i阶泰勒展开系数；in,
Figure SMS_73
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_74
The i -order Taylor expansion coefficient of the middle phase versus the fast time of the distance;

S7.2：将所述距离方位解耦合滤波器

Figure SMS_75
与方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure SMS_76
相乘，得到距离方位解耦合后的信号/>
Figure SMS_77
。S7.2: Decoupling the range-azimuth filter
Figure SMS_75
and azimuth inverse Fourier transformed signal
Figure SMS_76
Multiply to get the decoupled signal in range and azimuth />
Figure SMS_77
.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S9包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S9 includes:

S9.1：构建参考斜距消除滤波器

Figure SMS_78
：S9.1: Construct reference slope distance elimination filter
Figure SMS_78
:

Figure SMS_79
Figure SMS_79

其中，

Figure SMS_80
表示目标斜距；in,
Figure SMS_80
Indicates the target slope distance;

S9.2：将所述参考斜距消除滤波器

Figure SMS_81
与信号/>
Figure SMS_82
相乘，得到参考斜距消除后的信号/>
Figure SMS_83
。S9.2: The reference slope distance elimination filter
Figure SMS_81
with signal />
Figure SMS_82
Multiply to get the signal after the reference slant distance is eliminated />
Figure SMS_83
.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S10包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S10 includes:

S10.1：构造多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_84
：S10.1: Construct Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter
Figure SMS_84
:

Figure SMS_85
，
Figure SMS_85
,

其中，

Figure SMS_86
为方位调频率/>
Figure SMS_87
阶空变误差因子；in,
Figure SMS_86
Frequency modulation for azimuth />
Figure SMS_87
order space-varying error factor;

S10.2：将所述多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_88
与所述信号/>
Figure SMS_89
相乘，得到信号/>
Figure SMS_90
。S10.2: Apply the Doppler modulation frequency space variation error correction filter
Figure SMS_88
with the signal />
Figure SMS_89
Multiply to get the signal />
Figure SMS_90
.

在本发明的一个实施例中，所述S12包括：In one embodiment of the present invention, said S12 includes:

S12.1：构造多普勒时变误差滤波器

Figure SMS_91
：S12.1: Construction of Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure SMS_91
:

Figure SMS_92
，
Figure SMS_92
,

其中，其中，

Figure SMS_93
为信号/>
Figure SMS_94
中相位对方位频率/>
Figure SMS_95
进行泰勒展开的第/>
Figure SMS_96
阶系数；where, where,
Figure SMS_93
for signal />
Figure SMS_94
Medium phase to azimuth frequency/>
Figure SMS_95
The first /> of the Taylor expansion
Figure SMS_96
order coefficient;

S12.2：将所述多普勒时变误差滤波器

Figure SMS_97
与所述信号/>
Figure SMS_98
相乘，得到信号/>
Figure SMS_99
。S12.2: apply the Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure SMS_97
with the signal />
Figure SMS_98
multiplied to get the signal />
Figure SMS_99
.

本发明的另一方面提供了一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行上述实施例中任一项所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。Another aspect of the present invention provides a storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is used to execute the high-speed, high-mobility, wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method described in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments. step.

本发明的另一方面提供了一种电子设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器调用所述存储器中的计算机程序时实现如上述实施例中任一项所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。Another aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor invokes the computer program in the memory, any one of the above-mentioned embodiments is implemented. Steps of the high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method.

与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果有：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention has:

1、本发明的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法针对高机动平台大斜视构型的距离方位信号耦合严重的问题，在消除信号的方位模糊后，构造距离方位解耦合滤波器，可以快速实现信号距离与方位解耦合。1. The high-speed, high-maneuverability and wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method of the present invention aims at the problem of serious coupling of range and azimuth signals in the high squint configuration of the high-mobility platform. Realize the decoupling of signal distance and azimuth.

2、本发明针对信号方位幅宽较大，存在严重方位空变的问题，引入时域多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器来消除方位空变，实现了信号方位向统一聚焦处理。2. Aiming at the problem of serious azimuth space variation due to the large signal azimuth width, the present invention introduces a time-domain Doppler frequency modulation frequency space variation error correction filter to eliminate azimuth space variation, and realizes unified focus processing of signal azimuth.

3、本发明通过方位空变时移校正与多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器的加入，实现了不用插值的快速高机动平台大斜视调频连续波的循序渐进扫描模式成像。3. Through the addition of azimuth space-variation time-shift correction and Doppler frequency modulation space-variation error correction filter, the present invention realizes step-by-step scanning mode imaging of high squint FM continuous wave of fast high maneuvering platform without interpolation.

以下将结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例提供的一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的流程图；FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例提供的一种SAR成像构型图；FIG. 2 is a SAR imaging configuration diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图3是利用本发明方法对点目标进行仿真成像的点目标场景图；Fig. 3 is the point target scene figure that utilizes the method of the present invention to carry out simulation imaging to point target;

图4是利用本发明方法对点目标进行仿真成像的结果图；Fig. 4 is the result figure that utilizes the method of the present invention to carry out simulation imaging to point target;

图5a至图5c是利用本发明方法对点目标进行仿真成像后选取的点目标的等高线图；Fig. 5a to Fig. 5c are the contour maps of point targets selected after the point target is simulated and imaged by using the method of the present invention;

图6a至图6c是利用现有方法对点目标进行仿真成像后选取的点目标的等高线图。Figures 6a to 6c are contour maps of point targets selected after simulation imaging of point targets using existing methods.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及具体实施方式，对依据本发明提出的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像进行详细说明。In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the high-speed and high-mobility wide-format sector-scan SAR imaging according to the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

有关本发明的前述及其他技术内容、特点及功效，在以下配合附图的具体实施方式详细说明中即可清楚地呈现。通过具体实施方式的说明，可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效进行更加深入且具体地了解，然而所附附图仅是提供参考与说明之用，并非用来对本发明的技术方案加以限制。The aforementioned and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention can be clearly presented in the following detailed description of specific implementations with accompanying drawings. Through the description of specific embodiments, the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose can be understood more deeply and specifically, but the accompanying drawings are only for reference and description, and are not used to explain the technical aspects of the present invention. program is limited.

应当说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that an article or device comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the article or device comprising said element.

请参见图1，图1是本发明实施例提供的一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR(SyntheticAperture Radar，合成孔径雷达)成像方法的流程图。该方法包括：Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar, synthetic aperture radar) imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes:

S1：获得解线频调处理后的回波信号并进行瞬时斜距泰勒展开，得到瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号

Figure SMS_100
：S1: Obtain the echo signal after delineation and frequency modulation processing and perform instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion to obtain the echo signal after instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion
Figure SMS_100
:

Figure SMS_101
，
Figure SMS_101
,

其中，

Figure SMS_104
表示距离快时间，/>
Figure SMS_105
表示方位慢时间，/>
Figure SMS_107
表示虚数单位，/>
Figure SMS_102
表示发射信号的电磁波波长，/>
Figure SMS_106
表示距离时域信号中的距离窗函数，表征距离信号接收时间范围，
Figure SMS_108
表示方位时域信号中的方位窗函数，表征方位信号接收时间范围，/>
Figure SMS_110
表示在合成孔径积累时间中每个采样的目标斜距与参考斜距之差，/>
Figure SMS_103
表示解线频调处理引入的参考斜距，/>
Figure SMS_109
表示目标斜距与解线频调处理中参考斜距引起的时延之差，/>
Figure SMS_111
表示光速，/>
Figure SMS_112
表示发射信号调频率。in,
Figure SMS_104
Indicates distance and time, />
Figure SMS_105
Indicates the azimuth slow time, />
Figure SMS_107
Indicates the imaginary unit, />
Figure SMS_102
Indicates the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the transmitted signal, />
Figure SMS_106
Represents the range window function in the range time domain signal, characterizing the range of the range signal receiving time,
Figure SMS_108
Represents the azimuth window function in the azimuth time domain signal, representing the time range of azimuth signal reception, />
Figure SMS_110
Indicates the difference between the target slant distance and the reference slant distance for each sample in the synthetic aperture accumulation time, />
Figure SMS_103
Indicates the reference slant distance introduced by delineating and tone processing, />
Figure SMS_109
Indicates the difference between the target slant distance and the time delay caused by the reference slant distance in the delineation and tone processing, />
Figure SMS_111
represents the speed of light, />
Figure SMS_112
Indicates the modulation frequency of the transmitted signal.

S2：对瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号

Figure SMS_113
进行一次方位时变误差校正，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure SMS_114
。S2: The echo signal after Taylor expansion of the instantaneous slope distance
Figure SMS_113
Perform an azimuth time-varying error correction to obtain the corrected signal />
Figure SMS_114
.

在本实施例中，一次方位时变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_115
的表达式为：In this embodiment, the primary azimuth time-varying error correction filter
Figure SMS_115
The expression is:

Figure SMS_116
，
Figure SMS_116
,

其中，

Figure SMS_117
表示目标斜距引起的时延与解线频调处理中参考斜距引起的时延的差，
Figure SMS_118
表示一次方位时变误差，/>
Figure SMS_119
表示SAR系统平台的速度，/>
Figure SMS_120
表示目标斜视角，
Figure SMS_121
表示发射信号载频。in,
Figure SMS_117
Indicates the difference between the time delay caused by the target slant distance and the time delay caused by the reference slant distance in the delineation and tone processing,
Figure SMS_118
Indicates a time-varying error in azimuth, />
Figure SMS_119
Indicates the speed of the SAR system platform, />
Figure SMS_120
Indicates the oblique angle of the target,
Figure SMS_121
Indicates the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal.

将回波信号

Figure SMS_122
与一次方位时变误差校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_123
相乘，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure SMS_124
为：echo signal
Figure SMS_122
with an azimuth time-varying error correction filter />
Figure SMS_123
Multiply to get the corrected signal />
Figure SMS_124
for:

Figure SMS_125
。
Figure SMS_125
.

S3：利用解旋转滤波器对信号

Figure SMS_126
进行处理，获得方位不模糊的信号
Figure SMS_127
。S3: Use the derotation filter to transform the signal
Figure SMS_126
Process to obtain a signal with an unambiguous orientation
Figure SMS_127
.

由于信号存在方位模糊的现象，其信号多普勒频率变化规律与波束斜视角的旋转角速度

Figure SMS_128
相关，因此可以通过信号/>
Figure SMS_129
与解旋转滤波器/>
Figure SMS_130
相乘得到方位不模糊的信号/>
Figure SMS_131
。Due to the phenomenon of azimuth ambiguity in the signal, the Doppler frequency change law of the signal is related to the rotation angular velocity of the oblique angle of the beam.
Figure SMS_128
related, so can pass the signal />
Figure SMS_129
with the derotation filter />
Figure SMS_130
Multiply to get a signal with unambiguous orientation />
Figure SMS_131
.

在本实施例中，解旋转滤波器

Figure SMS_132
的表达式为：In this embodiment, the derotation filter
Figure SMS_132
The expression is:

Figure SMS_133
，
Figure SMS_133
,

其中，

Figure SMS_134
为旋转因子，/>
Figure SMS_135
表示波束斜视角的旋转角速度。in,
Figure SMS_134
is the rotation factor, />
Figure SMS_135
Indicates the rotational angular velocity of the oblique angle of the beam.

进一步地，得到的方位不模糊的信号

Figure SMS_136
的表达式为：Further, the obtained azimuth signal is not ambiguous
Figure SMS_136
The expression is:

Figure SMS_137
。
Figure SMS_137
.

S4：基于驻定相位原理与级数反演，对信号

Figure SMS_138
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure SMS_139
：S4: Based on the principle of stationary phase and series inversion, the signal
Figure SMS_138
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth Fourier transform/>
Figure SMS_139
:

Figure SMS_140
，
Figure SMS_140
,

其中，

Figure SMS_142
表示方位频率，/>
Figure SMS_144
表示方位频域信号中的方位频率窗函数，/>
Figure SMS_146
表示方位频率频移，/>
Figure SMS_143
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_145
经方位傅里叶变换后仅与距离快时间相关的相位，/>
Figure SMS_147
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_148
经方位傅里叶变换后距离与方位信号耦合部分对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第/>
Figure SMS_141
阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_142
Indicates the azimuth frequency, />
Figure SMS_144
Represents the azimuth frequency window function in the azimuth frequency domain signal, />
Figure SMS_146
Indicates the azimuth frequency shift, />
Figure SMS_143
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_145
After the Fourier transform of the azimuth, the phase is only related to the fast time of the range, />
Figure SMS_147
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_148
After the azimuth Fourier transform, the coupling part of the distance and azimuth signal performs Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency
Figure SMS_141
order coefficient.

S5：利用方位空变时移校正滤波器对方位傅里叶变换后的信号

Figure SMS_149
进行处理，获得消除方位时移空变后的信号/>
Figure SMS_150
。S5: Use the azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter to transform the azimuth Fourier-transformed signal
Figure SMS_149
Process to obtain the signal after eliminating the azimuth time-shift and space-variation/>
Figure SMS_150
.

具体地，为了消除距离徙动的方位空变性，构造方位空变时移校正滤波器

Figure SMS_151
，将其与方位傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure SMS_152
相乘，得到消除方位时移空变的信号
Figure SMS_153
。Specifically, in order to eliminate the azimuth-space variability of range migration, azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter is constructed
Figure SMS_151
, and compare it with the azimuth Fourier transformed signal />
Figure SMS_152
Multiply, get the signal that eliminates the time-shift and space-variation of azimuth
Figure SMS_153
.

在本实施例中，方位空变时移校正滤波器

Figure SMS_154
的表达式为：In this embodiment, the azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter
Figure SMS_154
The expression is:

Figure SMS_155
；
Figure SMS_155
;

进一步地，得到的消除距离徙动的方位空变性后的信号

Figure SMS_156
表达式为：Further, the obtained signal after eliminating the azimuth spatial variability of the distance migration
Figure SMS_156
The expression is:

Figure SMS_157
，
Figure SMS_157
,

其中，

Figure SMS_159
表示方位频率，/>
Figure SMS_161
表示方位频域信号中的方位频率窗函数，/>
Figure SMS_163
表示方位频率频移，/>
Figure SMS_160
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_162
与方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_166
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第0阶系数，也就是常数项系数，/>
Figure SMS_167
表示信号/>
Figure SMS_158
与方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_164
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第/>
Figure SMS_165
阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_159
Indicates the azimuth frequency, />
Figure SMS_161
Represents the azimuth frequency window function in the azimuth frequency domain signal, />
Figure SMS_163
Indicates the azimuth frequency shift, />
Figure SMS_160
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_162
with azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter />
Figure SMS_166
After multiplication, the coefficient of the 0th order when performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, that is, the coefficient of the constant term, />
Figure SMS_167
Indicates the signal />
Figure SMS_158
with azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter />
Figure SMS_164
After multiplying and then performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, the first />
Figure SMS_165
order coefficient.

S6：对信号

Figure SMS_168
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure SMS_169
：S6: pair signal
Figure SMS_168
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth inverse Fourier transform
Figure SMS_169
:

Figure SMS_170
，
Figure SMS_170
,

其中，

Figure SMS_171
表示目标斜距，/>
Figure SMS_172
为信号/>
Figure SMS_173
中的/>
Figure SMS_174
进行方位逆傅里叶变换并对方位时间/>
Figure SMS_175
进行泰勒展开后得到的第i阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_171
Indicates the target slope distance, />
Figure SMS_172
for signal />
Figure SMS_173
in />
Figure SMS_174
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform and compare azimuth time />
Figure SMS_175
The i-th order coefficient obtained after Taylor expansion.

S7：利用距离方位解耦合滤波器对方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号

Figure SMS_176
进行处理，得到距离方位解耦合后的信号/>
Figure SMS_177
。S7: Utilize the distance and azimuth decoupling filter to inverse Fourier transform the signal of azimuth
Figure SMS_176
Perform processing to obtain the decoupled signal of distance and azimuth/>
Figure SMS_177
.

具体地，构造距离方位解耦合滤波器

Figure SMS_178
，并将其与信号/>
Figure SMS_179
相乘，得到距离与方位信号解耦合后的信号/>
Figure SMS_180
。在本实施例中，该距离方位解耦合滤波器/>
Figure SMS_181
的表达式为：Specifically, construct the range-azimuth decoupling filter
Figure SMS_178
, and combine it with the signal />
Figure SMS_179
Multiply to get the signal after decoupling the distance and azimuth signals />
Figure SMS_180
. In this embodiment, the range-azimuth decoupling filter />
Figure SMS_181
The expression is:

Figure SMS_182
，
Figure SMS_182
,

其中，

Figure SMS_183
表示/>
Figure SMS_184
中/>
Figure SMS_185
部分对距离快时间的i阶泰勒展开系数；in,
Figure SMS_183
means />
Figure SMS_184
Medium />
Figure SMS_185
Part of the i -order Taylor expansion coefficient for distance and fast time;

得到的距离方位解耦合后的信号

Figure SMS_186
表达式为：The obtained range and azimuth decoupled signal
Figure SMS_186
The expression is:

Figure SMS_187
，
Figure SMS_187
,

其中，

Figure SMS_188
为/>
Figure SMS_189
对距离快时间进行傅里叶变换的零阶项。in,
Figure SMS_188
for />
Figure SMS_189
The zero-order term of the Fourier transform of the range-fast time.

S8：对信号

Figure SMS_190
进行距离傅里叶变换，得到距离聚焦的信号/>
Figure SMS_191
：S8: pair signal
Figure SMS_190
Perform distance Fourier transform to obtain distance-focused signal/>
Figure SMS_191
:

Figure SMS_192
，
Figure SMS_192
,

其中，

Figure SMS_193
表示距离频率，/>
Figure SMS_194
为/>
Figure SMS_195
中与距离快时间无关的常数项。in,
Figure SMS_193
Indicates the distance frequency, />
Figure SMS_194
for />
Figure SMS_195
A constant term in which is independent of distance and time.

S9：消除信号

Figure SMS_196
中解线频调处理引入的参考斜距，获得信号
Figure SMS_197
。S9: Eliminate the signal
Figure SMS_196
The reference slant distance introduced by the mid-line frequency tone processing is obtained to obtain the signal
Figure SMS_197
.

具体地，消除信号

Figure SMS_198
中解线频调处理引入的/>
Figure SMS_199
项，构建参考斜距消除滤波器/>
Figure SMS_200
，将其与信号/>
Figure SMS_201
相乘，得到信号/>
Figure SMS_202
。Specifically, eliminating the signal
Figure SMS_198
The /> introduced by neutral line tone processing
Figure SMS_199
item, constructing the reference slant distance cancellation filter />
Figure SMS_200
, compare it with the signal />
Figure SMS_201
Multiply to get the signal />
Figure SMS_202
.

在本实施例中，参考斜距消除滤波器

Figure SMS_203
的表达式为：In this embodiment, the reference slope distance elimination filter
Figure SMS_203
The expression is:

Figure SMS_204
。
Figure SMS_204
.

得到的信号

Figure SMS_205
的表达式为：get the signal
Figure SMS_205
The expression is:

Figure SMS_206
，
Figure SMS_206
,

其中，

Figure SMS_207
为参考斜距消除滤波器/>
Figure SMS_208
中方位慢时间第/>
Figure SMS_209
阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_207
for the reference slope distance removal filter />
Figure SMS_208
Middle position slow time No. />
Figure SMS_209
order coefficient.

S10：将多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_210
与所述信号/>
Figure SMS_211
相乘以消除信号方位空变性对方位向聚焦的影响，获得信号/>
Figure SMS_212
。S10: Correct the Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter
Figure SMS_210
with the signal />
Figure SMS_211
multiplied to eliminate the effect of signal azimuth spatial variability on azimuth focusing, to obtain the signal />
Figure SMS_212
.

为消除信号方位空变性对方位向聚焦的影响，引入一个多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器

Figure SMS_213
，将该多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_214
与信号/>
Figure SMS_215
相乘，得到信号/>
Figure SMS_216
。在本实施例中，多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器/>
Figure SMS_217
的表达式为：In order to eliminate the influence of signal azimuth space variation on azimuth focusing, a Doppler modulation frequency space variation error correction filter is introduced
Figure SMS_213
, the Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter />
Figure SMS_214
with signal />
Figure SMS_215
Multiply to get the signal />
Figure SMS_216
. In this embodiment, the Doppler modulation frequency space variation error correction filter />
Figure SMS_217
The expression is:

Figure SMS_218
，
Figure SMS_218
,

其中，

Figure SMS_219
为方位调频率/>
Figure SMS_220
阶空变误差因子。in,
Figure SMS_219
Frequency modulation for azimuth />
Figure SMS_220
order space-varying error factor.

得到的信号

Figure SMS_221
的表达式为：get the signal
Figure SMS_221
The expression is:

Figure SMS_222
。
Figure SMS_222
.

S11：对信号

Figure SMS_223
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的
Figure SMS_224
：S11: pair signal
Figure SMS_223
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the azimuth Fourier transformed
Figure SMS_224
:

Figure SMS_225
，
Figure SMS_225
,

其中，

Figure SMS_227
为剩余常数相位，不影响成像效果，/>
Figure SMS_229
表示经过距离徙动校正后方位信号中斜距的表现形式，与目标斜距的关系为/>
Figure SMS_230
；/>
Figure SMS_228
为/>
Figure SMS_231
中的
Figure SMS_232
部分利用驻定相位原理进行方位傅里叶变换后的相位对/>
Figure SMS_233
进行泰勒展开的第/>
Figure SMS_226
阶系数。in,
Figure SMS_227
is the remaining constant phase, which does not affect the imaging effect, />
Figure SMS_229
Indicates the expression form of the slant distance in the azimuth signal after distance migration correction, and the relationship with the target slant distance is />
Figure SMS_230
;/>
Figure SMS_228
for />
Figure SMS_231
middle
Figure SMS_232
The phase pair after partial Fourier transform of azimuth using the principle of stationary phase />
Figure SMS_233
The first /> of the Taylor expansion
Figure SMS_226
order coefficient.

S12：将信号

Figure SMS_234
与多普勒时变误差滤波器/>
Figure SMS_235
进行相乘，得到信号
Figure SMS_236
。S12: put the signal
Figure SMS_234
with Doppler time-varying error filter />
Figure SMS_235
Multiply to get the signal
Figure SMS_236
.

在本实施例中，所述多普勒时变误差滤波器

Figure SMS_237
的表达式为：In this embodiment, the Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure SMS_237
The expression is:

Figure SMS_238
，
Figure SMS_238
,

得到的信号

Figure SMS_239
的表达式为：get the signal
Figure SMS_239
The expression is:

Figure SMS_240
。
Figure SMS_240
.

S13：对信号

Figure SMS_241
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到二维聚焦的信号
Figure SMS_242
，以实现成像，其中，二维聚焦的信号/>
Figure SMS_243
的表达式为：S13: pair signal
Figure SMS_241
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional focused signal
Figure SMS_242
, to achieve imaging where the two-dimensionally focused signal/>
Figure SMS_243
The expression is:

Figure SMS_244
。
Figure SMS_244
.

本发明提出的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的效果可以通过下述仿真实验得到进一步说明。The effect of the high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method proposed by the present invention can be further illustrated through the following simulation experiments.

(一)仿真条件(1) Simulation conditions

请参见图2，图2是本发明实施例提供的一种SAR成像构型图。首先，以合成孔径中心时刻平台所在位置在地面的投影为原点O，平台运动速度方向在地面的投影为

Figure SMS_246
轴，从原点指向合成孔径中心时刻平台所在位置为/>
Figure SMS_248
轴，通过右手系确定/>
Figure SMS_249
轴建立坐标系。此时，平台以速度/>
Figure SMS_247
沿/>
Figure SMS_251
轴方向进行运动，波束的斜视角/>
Figure SMS_252
以角速度/>
Figure SMS_253
匀速转动，使得波束中心从
Figure SMS_245
变化到了/>
Figure SMS_250
的位置，得到了一个扇形区域。Please refer to FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is a SAR imaging configuration diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Firstly, taking the projection of the platform’s position on the ground at the center of the synthetic aperture as the origin O, the projection of the platform’s motion velocity direction on the ground is
Figure SMS_246
axis, pointing from the origin to the center of the synthetic aperture, the position of the platform is />
Figure SMS_248
Axis, determined by right-hand system />
Figure SMS_249
Axes create a coordinate system. At this time, the platform at speed />
Figure SMS_247
along />
Figure SMS_251
Axis movement, oblique angle of the beam />
Figure SMS_252
at angular velocity />
Figure SMS_253
Rotate at a constant speed so that the center of the beam moves from
Figure SMS_245
The change has arrived />
Figure SMS_250
position, a fan-shaped area is obtained.

设调频连续波雷达系统的信号载频为35GHz，脉冲重复频率为4KHz，沿曲线轨迹运动。FMCW(调频连续波) SAR的场景布点示意图如图3所示，从图3中可以看出，成像域初始布点为3×7矩形点阵，均匀分布在场景中。Assume that the signal carrier frequency of the frequency modulation continuous wave radar system is 35GHz, the pulse repetition frequency is 4KHz, and it moves along the curved track. The schematic diagram of the scene layout of FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) SAR is shown in Figure 3. From Figure 3, it can be seen that the initial layout of the imaging domain is a 3×7 rectangular lattice, which is evenly distributed in the scene.

(二)仿真内容(2) Simulation content

在上述条件下，用本发明的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法对上述目标场景进行仿真，得到成像结果，如图4所示，其中，左图为本发明所提方法的全孔径成像结果斜距图，可以看出图像点成三行七列的分布，中心目标点成像清晰、聚焦效果良好，不同方位向的目标点成像效果与中心点十分相似，验证了本发明方法可以解决大斜视宽幅条件下全孔径信号存在较大方位空变难以实现成像的问题。右图为通过几何校正后的成像结果图，可以看出校正后目标点排列与图3仿真场景中目标点的排列方式一致，成像位置正确。Under the above-mentioned conditions, the above-mentioned target scene is simulated by using the high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scan SAR imaging method of the present invention, and the imaging result is obtained, as shown in Figure 4, wherein the left figure is the full-aperture imaging of the method proposed by the present invention As a result, it can be seen from the slant distance map that the image points are distributed in three rows and seven columns, the central target point has clear imaging, and the focusing effect is good. The imaging effects of target points in different azimuths are very similar to the central point. There is a problem that the full-aperture signal has a large azimuth space variation and it is difficult to achieve imaging under the condition of wide squint. The image on the right is the imaging result after geometric correction. It can be seen that the arrangement of the target points after correction is consistent with the arrangement of the target points in the simulation scene in Figure 3, and the imaging position is correct.

进一步地，选取成像场景中的边缘点1和21及中心点11，进行插值放大绘制等高线图，请参见图5a至图5c，图5a至图5c是利用本发明方法对点目标进行仿真成像后选取的点目标的等高线图，其中，图5a为边缘点1的等高线图，图5b为中心点11的等高线图，图5c为边缘点21的等高线图。本发明仿真处理的各目标点，由于考虑了高机动平台场景幅宽过大带来的空变影响，因此其场景边缘点1和21及场景中心点11均呈现出良好聚焦效果，聚焦深度良好。Further, select the edge points 1 and 21 and the center point 11 in the imaging scene, and perform interpolation and enlargement to draw the contour map, please refer to Fig. 5a to Fig. 5c. Fig. 5a to Fig. 5c are simulations of point targets using the method of the present invention The contour map of the point target selected after imaging, wherein, Fig. 5a is the contour map of edge point 1, Fig. 5b is the contour map of center point 11, and Fig. 5c is the contour map of edge point 21. For each target point in the simulation process of the present invention, due to the consideration of the spatial variation effect caused by the excessive scene width of the high maneuvering platform, the scene edge points 1 and 21 and the scene center point 11 all show a good focusing effect, and the focus depth is good .

进一步地，请参见图6a和图6c，图6a和图6c是利用现有方法(文献“Study on FullAperture Imaging Algorithm for Airborne TOPS Mode”中所述方法)对点目标进行仿真成像后选取的点目标的等高线图，其中，图6a为边缘点1的等高线图，图6b为中心点11的等高线图，图6c为边缘点21的等高线图。Further, please refer to Fig. 6a and Fig. 6c. Fig. 6a and Fig. 6c are the point targets selected after the simulation imaging of the point target using the existing method (the method described in the document "Study on FullAperture Imaging Algorithm for Airborne TOPS Mode") , wherein, Fig. 6a is a contour map of edge point 1, Fig. 6b is a contour map of center point 11, and Fig. 6c is a contour map of edge point 21.

本发明实施例的方法实现了高机动平台大前斜TOPS SAR模式成像，相比于所述现有方法，针对高机动平台大前斜成像构型分析回波信号特性，提升了方位聚焦深度，提升了边缘点成像质量。其对比结果为：两种方法对于空变较小区域均能实现良好成像，如目标点11的等高线图所示。但是，本发明方法目标点1与21聚焦效果良好，剖面图中主瓣与旁瓣形状规则，聚焦效果良好，对比方法中方位空变较大的目标点1与21由于存在方位空变误差，剖面图形状不规则，边缘点成像质量差。The method of the embodiment of the present invention realizes the TOPS SAR mode imaging of the high maneuvering platform with a large forward slope. Compared with the existing method, the characteristics of the echo signal are analyzed for the imaging configuration of the high maneuverable platform with a large forward slope, and the azimuth focus depth is improved. Improved edge point imaging quality. The results of the comparison are: both methods can achieve good imaging for the area with small spatial variation, as shown in the contour map of the target point 11. However, the focusing effect of target points 1 and 21 in the method of the present invention is good, and the shape of the main lobe and side lobe in the cross-sectional view is regular, and the focusing effect is good. In the comparison method, the target points 1 and 21 with large azimuth spatial variation have azimuth spatial variation errors. The shape of the profile is irregular, and the imaging quality of the edge points is poor.

本发明的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法针对高机动平台大斜视构型的距离徙动校正，在消除信号的方位模糊后，构造徙动空变校正滤波器与距离徙动滤波器，可以快速实现信号距离与方位解耦合。本发明针对信号方位幅宽较大，存在严重的方位空变问题，引入时域扰动因子消除方位空变，实现了信号在方位进行统一聚焦处理。本发明通过距离徙动空变校正与方位时域扰动函数的加入，实现了不用插值的快速高机动平台大斜视调频连续波的TOPS模式成像。The high-speed, high-mobility, wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method of the present invention is aimed at the range migration correction of the high-mobility platform's large squint configuration. After eliminating the azimuth ambiguity of the signal, a space-variant correction filter and a range migration filter are constructed. The decoupling of signal distance and azimuth can be quickly realized. Aiming at the problem of serious azimuth space variation due to the large azimuth width of the signal, the present invention introduces a time domain disturbance factor to eliminate the azimuth space variation, and realizes unified focus processing of the signal in azimuth. The invention realizes the TOPS mode imaging of high squint FM continuous wave of fast high maneuvering platform without interpolation by adding distance migration space variation correction and azimuth time domain disturbance function.

综上，本发明针对调频连续波体制分析了高机动平台场景下距离与方位信号的耦合与回波信号方位空变情况，实现了对场景目标点的精确聚焦，并通过仿真验证了本发明的准确性和有效性。To sum up, the present invention analyzes the coupling of distance and azimuth signals and the spatial variation of echo signal azimuth in high maneuvering platform scenarios for the FM continuous wave system, realizes precise focusing on the target points of the scene, and verifies the advantages of the present invention through simulation. Accuracy and Validity.

本发明的又一实施例提供了一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行上述实施例中所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。本发明的再一方面提供了一种电子设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器调用所述存储器中的计算机程序时实现如上述实施例所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。具体地，上述以软件功能模块的形式实现的集成的模块，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述软件功能模块存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台电子设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)或处理器(processor)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。Another embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is used to execute the steps of the high-speed, high-mobility, wide-field sector-scan SAR imaging method described in the above-mentioned embodiments. Another aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor invokes the computer program in the memory, the high-speed and high-speed Steps of the imaging method of the maneuverable wide-field sector-scanning SAR. Specifically, the above-mentioned integrated modules implemented in the form of software function modules may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned software function modules are stored in a storage medium, and include several instructions to make an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. partial steps. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other various media that can store program codes. .

以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，包括：1. A high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-range sector-scanning SAR imaging method, characterized in that it comprises: S1：获得解线频调处理后的回波信号并进行瞬时斜距泰勒展开，得到瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号
Figure QLYQS_1
；S1: Obtain the echo signal after delineation and frequency modulation processing and perform instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion to obtain the echo signal after instantaneous slant distance Taylor expansion
Figure QLYQS_1
; S2：对所述瞬时斜距泰勒展开后的回波信号
Figure QLYQS_2
进行一次方位时变误差校正，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_3
；S2: the echo signal after Taylor expansion of the instantaneous slant distance
Figure QLYQS_2
Perform an azimuth time-varying error correction to obtain the corrected signal />
Figure QLYQS_3
; S3：利用解旋转滤波器对所述信号
Figure QLYQS_4
进行处理，获得方位不模糊的信号
Figure QLYQS_5
；S3: Use the derotation filter to process the signal
Figure QLYQS_4
Process to obtain a signal with an unambiguous orientation
Figure QLYQS_5
; S4：对所述方位不模糊的信号
Figure QLYQS_6
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_7
；S4: Unambiguous signal for said bearing
Figure QLYQS_6
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth Fourier transform/>
Figure QLYQS_7
; S5：利用方位空变时移校正滤波器对所述方位傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure QLYQS_8
进行处理，获得处理后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_9
；S5: Use the azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter to transform the azimuth Fourier-transformed signal
Figure QLYQS_8
Perform processing to obtain the processed signal />
Figure QLYQS_9
; S6：对所述信号
Figure QLYQS_10
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure QLYQS_11
；S6: on the signal
Figure QLYQS_10
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain the signal after azimuth inverse Fourier transform
Figure QLYQS_11
; S7：利用距离方位解耦合滤波器对所述方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure QLYQS_12
进行处理，得到距离方位解耦合后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_13
；S7: Utilize the range and azimuth decoupling filter to inverse Fourier transform the azimuth signal
Figure QLYQS_12
Perform processing to obtain the decoupled signal of distance and azimuth/>
Figure QLYQS_13
; S8：对所述信号
Figure QLYQS_14
进行距离傅里叶变换，得到距离聚焦的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_15
；S8: To the signal
Figure QLYQS_14
Perform distance Fourier transform to obtain distance-focused signal/>
Figure QLYQS_15
; S9：消除所述信号
Figure QLYQS_16
中解线频调处理引入的参考斜距，获得信号/>
Figure QLYQS_17
；S9: Eliminate the signal
Figure QLYQS_16
The reference slant distance introduced by mid-line frequency tone processing is obtained to obtain the signal />
Figure QLYQS_17
; S10：将多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_18
与所述信号/>
Figure QLYQS_19
相乘以消除信号方位空变性对方位向聚焦的影响，获得信号/>
Figure QLYQS_20
；S10: Correct the Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter
Figure QLYQS_18
with the signal />
Figure QLYQS_19
multiplied to eliminate the effect of signal azimuth spatial variability on azimuth focusing, to obtain the signal />
Figure QLYQS_20
; S11：对所述信号
Figure QLYQS_21
进行方位傅里叶变换，得到方位傅里叶变换后的
Figure QLYQS_22
；S11: To the signal
Figure QLYQS_21
Perform azimuth Fourier transform to obtain the azimuth Fourier transformed
Figure QLYQS_22
; S12：利用多普勒时变误差滤波器
Figure QLYQS_23
对所述信号/>
Figure QLYQS_24
进行处理，得到信号
Figure QLYQS_25
；S12: Using Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure QLYQS_23
to the signal />
Figure QLYQS_24
process, get signal
Figure QLYQS_25
; S13：对所述信号
Figure QLYQS_26
进行方位逆傅里叶变换，得到二维聚焦的信号
Figure QLYQS_27
，以实现成像。S13: To the signal
Figure QLYQS_26
Perform azimuth inverse Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional focused signal
Figure QLYQS_27
, to achieve imaging. 2.根据权利要求1所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S2包括：2. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 1, wherein said S2 comprises: S2.1：构造一次方位时变误差校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_28
：S2.1: Construct an azimuth time-varying error correction filter
Figure QLYQS_28
:
Figure QLYQS_29
，
Figure QLYQS_29
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_31
表示距离快时间，/>
Figure QLYQS_33
表示方位慢时间，/>
Figure QLYQS_35
表示目标斜距引起的时延与解线频调处理中参考斜距引起的时延的差，/>
Figure QLYQS_32
表示虚数单位，/>
Figure QLYQS_34
表示一次方位时变误差，/>
Figure QLYQS_36
表示SAR系统平台的速度，/>
Figure QLYQS_38
表示目标斜视角，/>
Figure QLYQS_30
表示发射信号载频，/>
Figure QLYQS_37
表示光速，/>
Figure QLYQS_39
表示发射信号调频率；in,
Figure QLYQS_31
Indicates distance and time, />
Figure QLYQS_33
Indicates the azimuth slow time, />
Figure QLYQS_35
Indicates the difference between the time delay caused by the target slant distance and the time delay caused by the reference slant distance in the delineation and tone processing, />
Figure QLYQS_32
Indicates the imaginary unit, />
Figure QLYQS_34
Indicates a time-varying error in azimuth, />
Figure QLYQS_36
Indicates the speed of the SAR system platform, />
Figure QLYQS_38
Indicates the oblique angle of the target, />
Figure QLYQS_30
Indicates the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal, />
Figure QLYQS_37
represents the speed of light, />
Figure QLYQS_39
Indicates the modulation frequency of the transmitted signal; S2.2：将所述回波信号
Figure QLYQS_40
与所述一次方位时变误差校正滤波器/>
Figure QLYQS_41
相乘，得到校正后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_42
：S2.2: the echo signal
Figure QLYQS_40
with the primary azimuth time-varying error correction filter />
Figure QLYQS_41
Multiply to get the corrected signal />
Figure QLYQS_42
:
Figure QLYQS_43
，
Figure QLYQS_43
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_44
表示距离时域信号中的距离窗函数，/>
Figure QLYQS_45
表示方位时域信号中的方位窗函数，/>
Figure QLYQS_46
表示在合成孔径积累时间中每个采样时刻的目标斜距与参考斜距之差。in,
Figure QLYQS_44
Represents the range window function in the range-time domain signal, />
Figure QLYQS_45
Represents the azimuth window function in the azimuth time domain signal, />
Figure QLYQS_46
Indicates the difference between the target slant distance and the reference slant distance at each sampling moment in the synthetic aperture accumulation time. 3.根据权利要求2所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S3包括：3. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 2, wherein said S3 comprises: S3.1：构建解旋转滤波器
Figure QLYQS_47
：S3.1: Construct the derotation filter
Figure QLYQS_47
:
Figure QLYQS_48
，
Figure QLYQS_48
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_49
为旋转因子，/>
Figure QLYQS_50
表示波束斜视角的旋转角速度；in,
Figure QLYQS_49
is the rotation factor, />
Figure QLYQS_50
Indicates the rotational angular velocity of the oblique angle of the beam; S3.2：将所述信号
Figure QLYQS_51
与所述解旋转滤波器/>
Figure QLYQS_52
相乘，获得方位不模糊的信号
Figure QLYQS_53
。S3.2: Put the signal
Figure QLYQS_51
with the derotation filter />
Figure QLYQS_52
multiplied to obtain a signal with an unambiguous azimuth
Figure QLYQS_53
. 4.根据权利要求3所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S5包括：4. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 3, wherein said S5 includes: S5.1：构建方位空变时移校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_54
：S5.1: Construct azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter
Figure QLYQS_54
:
Figure QLYQS_55
，
Figure QLYQS_55
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_56
表示解线频调处理引入的参考斜距；in,
Figure QLYQS_56
Indicates the reference slant distance introduced by the delineation and tone processing; S5.2：将所述方位傅里叶变换后的信号
Figure QLYQS_57
与所述方位空变时移校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_58
相乘，得到消除方位时移空变后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_59
：S5.2: Fourier transform the azimuth signal
Figure QLYQS_57
with the azimuth-space-varying time-shift correction filter
Figure QLYQS_58
Multiply to get the signal after eliminating the azimuth time-shift and space-variation />
Figure QLYQS_59
:
Figure QLYQS_60
，
Figure QLYQS_60
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_61
表示方位频率，/>
Figure QLYQS_64
表示方位频域信号中的方位频率窗函数，/>
Figure QLYQS_65
表示方位频率频移，/>
Figure QLYQS_63
表示信号/>
Figure QLYQS_66
与方位空变时移校正滤波器/>
Figure QLYQS_67
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第0阶系数，/>
Figure QLYQS_69
表示信号/>
Figure QLYQS_62
与方位空变时移校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_68
相乘后再对方位频率进行泰勒展开时的第/>
Figure QLYQS_70
阶系数。in,
Figure QLYQS_61
Indicates the azimuth frequency, />
Figure QLYQS_64
Represents the azimuth frequency window function in the azimuth frequency domain signal, />
Figure QLYQS_65
Indicates the azimuth frequency shift, />
Figure QLYQS_63
Indicates the signal />
Figure QLYQS_66
with azimuth-space-variant time-shift correction filter />
Figure QLYQS_67
The 0th order coefficient when multiplying and then performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, />
Figure QLYQS_69
Indicates the signal />
Figure QLYQS_62
time-shift correction filter with azimuth-space variation
Figure QLYQS_68
After multiplying and then performing Taylor expansion on the azimuth frequency, the first />
Figure QLYQS_70
order coefficient. 5.根据权利要求4所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S7包括：5. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 4, wherein the S7 includes: S7.1：构建距离方位解耦合滤波器
Figure QLYQS_71
：S7.1: Construct the range-azimuth decoupling filter
Figure QLYQS_71
:
Figure QLYQS_72
，
Figure QLYQS_72
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_73
表示信号/>
Figure QLYQS_74
中相位对距离快时间的i阶泰勒展开系数；in,
Figure QLYQS_73
Indicates the signal />
Figure QLYQS_74
The i -order Taylor expansion coefficient of the middle phase versus the fast time of the distance; S7.2：将所述距离方位解耦合滤波器
Figure QLYQS_75
与方位逆傅里叶变换后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_76
相乘，得到距离方位解耦合后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_77
。S7.2: Decoupling the range-azimuth filter
Figure QLYQS_75
and azimuth inverse Fourier transformed signal/>
Figure QLYQS_76
Multiply to get the decoupled signal in range and azimuth />
Figure QLYQS_77
. 6.根据权利要求5所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S9包括：6. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scan SAR imaging method according to claim 5, wherein the S9 includes: S9.1：构建参考斜距消除滤波器
Figure QLYQS_78
：S9.1: Construct reference slope distance elimination filter
Figure QLYQS_78
:
Figure QLYQS_79
，
Figure QLYQS_79
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_80
表示目标斜距；in,
Figure QLYQS_80
Indicates the target slope distance; S9.2：将所述参考斜距消除滤波器
Figure QLYQS_81
与信号/>
Figure QLYQS_82
相乘，得到参考斜距消除后的信号/>
Figure QLYQS_83
。S9.2: The reference slope distance elimination filter
Figure QLYQS_81
with signal />
Figure QLYQS_82
Multiply to get the signal after the reference slant distance is eliminated />
Figure QLYQS_83
. 7.根据权利要求6所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S10包括：7. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 6, wherein the S10 includes: S10.1：构造多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_84
：S10.1: Construct Doppler modulation frequency space-variant error correction filter
Figure QLYQS_84
:
Figure QLYQS_85
，
Figure QLYQS_85
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_86
为方位调频率/>
Figure QLYQS_87
阶空变误差因子；in,
Figure QLYQS_86
Frequency modulation for azimuth />
Figure QLYQS_87
order space-varying error factor; S10.2：将所述多普勒调频率空变误差校正滤波器
Figure QLYQS_88
与所述信号/>
Figure QLYQS_89
相乘，得到信号/>
Figure QLYQS_90
。S10.2: Apply the Doppler modulation frequency space variation error correction filter
Figure QLYQS_88
with the signal />
Figure QLYQS_89
Multiply to get the signal />
Figure QLYQS_90
. 8.根据权利要求7所述的高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法，其特征在于，所述S12包括：8. The high-speed and highly maneuverable wide-format sector-scanning SAR imaging method according to claim 7, wherein the S12 includes: S12.1：构造多普勒时变误差滤波器
Figure QLYQS_91
：S12.1: Construction of Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure QLYQS_91
:
Figure QLYQS_92
，
Figure QLYQS_92
, 其中，
Figure QLYQS_93
为信号/>
Figure QLYQS_94
中相位对方位频率/>
Figure QLYQS_95
进行泰勒展开的第/>
Figure QLYQS_96
阶系数；in,
Figure QLYQS_93
for signal />
Figure QLYQS_94
Medium phase to azimuth frequency/>
Figure QLYQS_95
The first /> of the Taylor expansion
Figure QLYQS_96
order coefficient; S12.2：将所述多普勒时变误差滤波器
Figure QLYQS_97
与所述信号/>
Figure QLYQS_98
相乘，得到信号
Figure QLYQS_99
。S12.2: apply the Doppler time-varying error filter
Figure QLYQS_97
with the signal />
Figure QLYQS_98
multiplied to get the signal
Figure QLYQS_99
. 9.一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行权利要求1至8中任一项所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。9. A storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, and the computer program is used to execute the steps of the high-speed high-mobility wide-format sector-scan SAR imaging method according to any one of claims 1-8. 10.一种电子设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器调用所述存储器中的计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述高速高机动宽幅扇扫SAR成像方法的步骤。10. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor invokes the computer program in the memory, it realizes the high-speed high-speed operation according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Steps of the imaging method of the maneuverable wide-field sector-scanning SAR.
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