CN116298373B - Device and method for measuring angular velocity of object based on rotary Doppler effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置和方法，包括激光器，激光器发出的光束的光轴上依次设有声光调制器、第二半波片、第二偏振分束器和第二涡旋模式转换器；被第二偏振分束器反射的光束的光轴上依次设有第一涡旋模式转换器和反射镜；反射镜反射的光束和第二涡旋模式转换器反射的光束通过第二偏振分束器合束成一条光束，该光轴上依次设有第三波片、第三偏振分束器或偏振无关分束器、第三涡旋模式转换器和光纤耦合器；光纤耦合器依次连接雪崩二极管、时间相关单光子计数模块和计算机。利用量子精密测量的弱值放大技术，将微小的频率移动转化为较大的时间延迟，探索角速度的极限测量精度以及旋转多普勒更高阶效应的物理机制。
The invention discloses a device and method for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect, which includes a laser. The optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser is sequentially provided with an acousto-optic modulator, a second half-wave plate, and a second polarization beam splitter. and a second vortex mode converter; the optical axis of the light beam reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter is sequentially provided with a first vortex mode converter and a reflecting mirror; the light beam reflected by the mirror and the second vortex mode converter The light beam reflected by the detector is combined into a light beam through the second polarization beam splitter. The optical axis is sequentially provided with a third wave plate, a third polarization beam splitter or a polarization-independent beam splitter, a third vortex mode converter and Optical fiber coupler; the optical fiber coupler connects the avalanche diode, the time-correlated single photon counting module and the computer in sequence. We use the weak value amplification technology of quantum precision measurement to convert tiny frequency shifts into larger time delays, exploring the ultimate measurement accuracy of angular velocity and the physical mechanism of higher-order effects of rotational Doppler.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于量子精密测量研究领域，尤其涉及一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置和方法。The invention belongs to the field of quantum precision measurement research, and in particular relates to a device and method for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotational Doppler effect.
背景技术Background technique
具有螺旋位相的光被称为涡旋光，其螺旋位相的阶数称为拓扑荷数。当涡旋光照射在旋转物体上时会产生旋转多普勒效性，使光的频率发生变化，频移量与物体的转速相关，因此通过检测光的频移可以计算得到物体转速。但是在微小转速下，旋转多普勒效性产生的频移非常小，因此直接测量频移量会受到光谱宽度以及频率波动的限制。Light with a spiral phase is called vortex light, and the order of its spiral phase is called topological charge. . When vortex light shines on a rotating object, it will produce rotational Doppler effect, which will change the frequency of the light. The frequency shift is related to the rotation speed of the object. Therefore, the rotation speed of the object can be calculated by detecting the frequency shift of the light. However, at small rotational speeds, the frequency shift produced by the rotational Doppler effect is very small, so direct measurement of the frequency shift will be limited by spectral width and frequency fluctuations.
在计量学中，通过构造取值远超本征值谱的弱值来实现对微小物理量的放大观测，被称作弱值放大技术。在迈克尔逊干涉仪框架下，利用非傅里叶极限脉冲的近相消相干测量纵向速度可以得到的极限精度，在技术噪声和非完美实验条件下达到了它的克拉美罗界。In metrology, the amplified observation of small physical quantities is achieved by constructing weak values whose values far exceed the eigenvalue spectrum, which is called weak value amplification technology. In the framework of the Michelson interferometer, the longitudinal velocity can be measured using near-decoherent non-Fourier limit pulses. The ultimate accuracy reaches its Cramero bound under technical noise and imperfect experimental conditions.
因此，相比较于传统的直接提取频谱信息获得角速度的方法，利用量子精密测量的弱值放大技术，将微小的频率移动转化为较大的时间延迟，可以进一步探索角速度的极限测量精度以及旋转多普勒更高阶效应的物理机制。Therefore, compared with the traditional method of directly extracting spectrum information to obtain angular velocity, using the weak value amplification technology of quantum precision measurement to convert small frequency movements into larger time delays can further explore the ultimate measurement accuracy of angular velocity and the degree of rotation. Physical mechanisms of Puller's higher order effects.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术中，由于旋转多普勒效应下的频移正比于物体转速，在微小转速下的频移可能淹没在光谱宽度内，因此测量精度受到影响，且激光频率波动容易造成信号失真；提供一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置和方法，利用非傅里叶极限脉冲的近相消相干将频率的变化转化为时间延迟，利用激光雷达的时间相关单光子计数方法获取延迟时间从而计算得到物体的角速度，本发明将为检验得到更高精度的角速度提供了新的实验手段，也为理解更高阶的旋转多普勒效应提供了新的思路。This invention is aimed at the existing technology. Since the frequency shift under the rotating Doppler effect is proportional to the rotation speed of the object, the frequency shift at a small rotation speed may be submerged within the spectral width. Therefore, the measurement accuracy is affected, and the laser frequency fluctuation can easily cause signal Distortion; Provide a device and method for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect, using the near destructive coherence of non-Fourier limit pulses to convert frequency changes into time delays, and using the time-correlated single photon counting method of lidar By obtaining the delay time to calculate the angular velocity of the object, the present invention will provide a new experimental method for testing higher-precision angular velocity, and also provide a new idea for understanding the higher-order rotational Doppler effect.
本发明是通过如下步骤的技术方案来实现：一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置，包括激光器，所述激光器发出的光束的光轴上，依次设置有声光调制器、第二半波片、第二偏振分束器和第二涡旋模式转换器；被第二偏振分束器反射的光束的光轴上，依次设置有第一涡旋模式转换器和反射镜；所述反射镜反射的光束和所述第二涡旋模式转换器反射的光束通过第二偏振分束器合束成一条光束；合束成一条光束的光轴上，依次设置有第三半波片、第三偏振分束器或偏振无关分束器、第三涡旋模式转换器和光纤耦合器；所述光纤耦合器连接有雪崩二极管；所述雪崩二极管连接有时间相关单光子计数模块；所述时间相关单光子计数模块连接有计算机。The present invention is realized through the technical solution of the following steps: a device for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect, including a laser. On the optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser, an acousto-optic modulator, a second a half-wave plate, a second polarizing beam splitter and a second vortex mode converter; on the optical axis of the light beam reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter, a first vortex mode converter and a reflecting mirror are arranged in sequence; The light beam reflected by the mirror and the light beam reflected by the second vortex mode converter are combined into one light beam through the second polarization beam splitter; on the optical axis of the combined light beam, a third half-wave plate, A third polarization beam splitter or a polarization-independent beam splitter, a third vortex mode converter and an optical fiber coupler; the optical fiber coupler is connected to an avalanche diode; the avalanche diode is connected to a time-correlated single photon counting module; The time-correlated single photon counting module is connected to a computer.
进一步地，所述激光器发出的光束的光轴上，且在所述激光器和所述声光调制器之间，还设置有第一半波片和第一偏振分束器。Further, a first half-wave plate and a first polarization beam splitter are provided on the optical axis of the light beam emitted by the laser and between the laser and the acousto-optic modulator.
进一步地，所述激光器为任意波长连续光的激光器。Further, the laser is a continuous light laser of any wavelength.
进一步地，所述第一涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器、或螺旋位相片、或第一四分之一波片和第一涡旋波片的组合。Further, the first vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator, or a spiral phase photo, or a combination of a first quarter wave plate and a first vortex wave plate.
进一步地，所述第三涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器、或螺旋位相片、或第二四分之一波片、第二涡旋波片和第三涡旋波片的组合、或第二四分之一波片和第四涡旋波片的组合；所述第四涡旋波片的拓扑荷数为第二涡旋波片和第三涡旋波片的拓扑荷数之和。Further, the third vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator, or a spiral phase photo, or a combination of a second quarter wave plate, a second vortex wave plate and a third vortex wave plate, or The combination of the second quarter-wave plate and the fourth vortex wave plate; the topological charge of the fourth vortex wave plate is the sum of the topological charges of the second vortex wave plate and the third vortex wave plate .
进一步地，所述第二涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器、涡旋波片或螺旋位相片，用于将平面波转化为涡旋光，再被实际旋转的物体反射。Further, the second vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator, a vortex wave plate or a spiral phase photo, used to convert plane waves into vortex light, which is then reflected by the actual rotating object.
进一步地，所述第二涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器，所述空间光调制器的液晶层采用拓扑荷数为的动态纯位相全息图模拟旋转物体对涡旋光束进行反射。Further, the second vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator, and the liquid crystal layer of the spatial light modulator adopts a topological charge of The dynamic pure phase hologram simulates the reflection of the vortex beam by a rotating object.
进一步地，大于等于-50，小于等于50，且为整数。further, Greater than or equal to -50, less than or equal to 50, and an integer.
进一步地，所述时间相关单光子计数模块用时间数字转换器替换。Further, the time-correlated single photon counting module is replaced with a time-to-digital converter.
一种基于上述装置的基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的方法，激光器发出任意波长的连续光，通过声光调制器调制成脉冲光；A method for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect based on the above device. The laser emits continuous light of any wavelength and modulates it into pulsed light through an acousto-optic modulator;
再依次通过第二半波片和第二偏振分束器，分成两束光；其中，垂直偏振的分量被第二偏振分束器反射经过第一涡旋模式转换器，经过反射镜反射后再次通过第一涡旋模式转换器转化为拓扑荷数为的线偏涡旋光束，且线偏方向变为水平方向，透射通过第二偏振分束器；其中水平偏振的分量被第二偏振分束器透射，经过第二涡旋模式转换器转化为涡旋光后，再被实际旋转的物体反射，使反射光束的频率因旋转多普勒效性产生频移，并且携带拓扑荷数为/>的螺旋位相，再部分被第二偏振分束器反射；Then it passes through the second half-wave plate and the second polarizing beam splitter in sequence and is divided into two beams of light; among them, the vertically polarized component is reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter, passes through the first vortex mode converter, and is reflected again by the mirror. Through the first vortex mode converter, the topological charge is converted to The linearly polarized vortex beam, and the linearly deflected direction changes to the horizontal direction, is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter; the horizontally polarized component is transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter and converted into a vortex through the second vortex mode converter. After optical rotation, it is reflected by the actual rotating object, causing the frequency of the reflected beam to be shifted due to the rotational Doppler effect, and it carries a topological charge of/> The helical phase is then partially reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter;
经过第二偏振分束器重新合束的两束光通过第三半波片和第三偏振分束器后产生近相消相干，使带有转速信息的旋转多普勒效性产生的频移转化为脉冲延迟；再通过第三涡旋模式转换器重新转化为平面波并利用光纤耦合器收集到光纤中；The two beams of light recombined by the second polarization beam splitter generate near destructive coherence after passing through the third half-wave plate and the third polarization beam splitter, causing the frequency shift caused by the rotational Doppler effect with rotational speed information. Converted into pulse delay; then converted back into plane waves through the third vortex mode converter and collected into the optical fiber using a fiber coupler;
收集到光纤中的信号通过雪崩二极管放大，再经时间相关单光子计数模块连接至计算机，测量光子到达时间，最终计算得到角速度。The signal collected in the optical fiber is amplified by the avalanche diode, and then connected to the computer through the time-correlated single photon counting module. The arrival time of the photon is measured, and the angular velocity is finally calculated.
本发明的有益效果是：相较于传统的直接提取频谱信息获得角速度的方法仅能达到量级的角速度精度，利用量子精密测量的弱值放大技术，将微小的频率移动转化为较大的时间延迟，在较大程度上抵抗了技术噪声影响以及光谱宽度的限制，预计可以达到/>量级的极限角速度精度，从而进一步探索更高阶旋转多普勒效应的物理机制。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the traditional method of directly extracting spectrum information to obtain angular velocity, it can only achieve The angular velocity accuracy of the order of magnitude uses the weak value amplification technology of quantum precision measurement to convert small frequency movements into large time delays. It resists the influence of technical noise and the limitation of spectral width to a large extent. It is expected to reach/> The ultimate angular velocity accuracy of the order of magnitude, thereby further exploring the physical mechanism of higher-order rotational Doppler effects.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting any creative effort.
图1为本实施例1的装置总体示意图；Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the device of this embodiment 1;
图2为本实施例2的装置总体示意图；Figure 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the device of this embodiment 2;
图3为本实施例3的装置总体示意图；Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the device of this embodiment 3;
图4为本实施例4的装置总体示意图；Figure 4 is an overall schematic diagram of the device in Embodiment 4;
图5为本实施例5的装置总体示意图；Figure 5 is an overall schematic diagram of the device of this embodiment 5;
图6为本发明的实验测量流程图；Figure 6 is an experimental measurement flow chart of the present invention;
其中，激光器1、第一半波片2、第一偏振分束器3、声光调制器4、第二半波片5、第二偏振分束器6、第一四分之一波片7、第一涡旋波片8、反射镜9、空间光调制器10、第三半波片11、第三偏振分束器12、第二四分之一波片13、第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15、光纤耦合器16、雪崩二极管17、时间相关单光子计数模块18、计算机19、第一螺旋相位片20、第二螺旋相位片21、第四涡旋波片22。Among them, laser 1, first half-wave plate 2, first polarization beam splitter 3, acousto-optic modulator 4, second half-wave plate 5, second polarization beam splitter 6, first quarter-wave plate 7 , first vortex wave plate 8, mirror 9, spatial light modulator 10, third half-wave plate 11, third polarization beam splitter 12, second quarter-wave plate 13, second vortex wave plate 14. The third vortex wave plate 15, fiber coupler 16, avalanche diode 17, time-correlated single photon counting module 18, computer 19, first spiral phase plate 20, second spiral phase plate 21, fourth vortex wave plate twenty two.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.
在本发明使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。在本发明和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
应当理解，尽管在本发明可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first information may also be called second information, and similarly, the second information may also be called first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "when" or "in response to determining."
下面结合附图，对本发明进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features in the following embodiments and implementations may be combined with each other without conflict.
本发明的一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置，包括激光器1，所述激光器1发出的光束的光轴上，依次设置有声光调制器4、第二半波片5、第二偏振分束器6和第二涡旋模式转换器；A device for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect of the present invention includes a laser 1. On the optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser 1, an acousto-optic modulator 4, a second half-wave plate 5, and a second half-wave plate 5 are arranged in sequence. Two polarization beam splitters 6 and a second vortex mode converter;
所述激光器1用来发出任意波长的连续光；The laser 1 is used to emit continuous light of any wavelength;
所述声光调制器4用来将所述激光器1发出的光束调制成脉冲光；The acousto-optic modulator 4 is used to modulate the beam emitted by the laser 1 into pulsed light;
所述第二半波片5和第二偏振分束器6用来将光束分成合适光强的两束，使两束光最后合束进行干涉时的光强相同；The second half-wave plate 5 and the second polarizing beam splitter 6 are used to divide the light beam into two beams with appropriate light intensity, so that the light intensity when the two light beams are finally combined for interference is the same;
所述激光器1发出的光束的光轴上，且在所述激光器1和所述声光调制器4之间，还设置有第一半波片2和第一偏振分束器3，用于调整激光器输出光束的线偏度；在激光器输出模式的线偏度大于99.99%时非必要存在。On the optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser 1, and between the laser 1 and the acousto-optic modulator 4, a first half-wave plate 2 and a first polarization beam splitter 3 are also provided for adjustment. The linear deflection of the laser output beam; it is not necessary when the linear deflection of the laser output mode is greater than 99.99%.
所述第二涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器10、涡旋波片或螺旋位相片，用于将平面波转化为涡旋光，再被实际旋转的物体反射；或者利用空间调制器10模拟旋转物体对涡旋光束 的反射；所述空间调制器10的液晶层采用拓扑荷数为的动态纯位相全息图，使反射光束的频率因旋转多普勒效性产生频移，并且携带拓扑荷数为/>的螺旋位相；被第二偏振分束器6透射的光束被空间调制器10反射后，部分又被第二偏振分束器6反射；The second vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator 10, a vortex wave plate or a spiral phase photo, used to convert plane waves into vortex light, which is then reflected by the actual rotating object; or the spatial modulator 10 is used to simulate rotation The object reflects the vortex beam; the liquid crystal layer of the spatial modulator 10 adopts a topological charge number of The dynamic pure phase hologram causes the frequency of the reflected beam to shift due to the rotational Doppler effect, and carries a topological charge of/> The helical phase; after the light beam transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter 6 is reflected by the spatial modulator 10, part of it is reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 6;
被第二偏振分束器6反射的光束的光轴上，依次设置有第一涡旋模式转换器和反射镜9；所述第一涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器、或螺旋位相片、或第一四分之一波片7和所述第一涡旋波片8的组合。其中，第一涡旋波片8的拓扑荷数为l；On the optical axis of the light beam reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 6, a first vortex mode converter and a reflector 9 are arranged in sequence; the first vortex mode converter is a spatial light modulator or a spiral phase photo , or a combination of the first quarter wave plate 7 and the first vortex wave plate 8 . Among them, the topological charge of the first vortex wave plate 8 is l;
第一四分之一波片7、拓扑荷数为l的第一涡旋波片8用来将被第二偏振分束器6反射的光束转化为拓扑荷数为l的圆偏涡旋光束，经过反射镜 9反射后再次通过第一涡旋波片8、第一四分之一波片7转化为拓扑荷数为2l的线偏涡旋光束，且线偏方向变为水平方向，透射通过第二偏振分束器6；The first quarter-wave plate 7 and the first vortex wave plate 8 with topological charge number l are used to convert the light beam reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter 6 into a circularly polarized vortex beam with topological charge number l. , after being reflected by the mirror 9, it is converted into a linearly deflected vortex beam with a topological charge of 2l through the first vortex wave plate 8 and the first quarter-wave plate 7, and the linear deflection direction becomes the horizontal direction, transmitting through the second polarizing beam splitter 6;
所述反射镜9反射的光束和所述第二涡旋模式转换器反射的光束通过第二偏振分束器6合束成一条光束；合束成一条光束的光轴上，依次设置有第三半波片11、第三偏振分束器12或偏振无关分束器、第三涡旋模式转换器和光纤耦合器16；所述第三涡旋模式转换器件为空间光调制器、或螺旋位相片、或第二四分之一波片（13）、第二涡旋波片（14）和第三涡旋波片（15）的组合、或第二四分之一波片（13）和第四涡旋波片（22）的组合；所述第四涡旋波片（22）的拓扑荷数为为2l。其中，第二涡旋波片14和第三涡旋波片15的拓扑荷数均为l；The light beam reflected by the mirror 9 and the light beam reflected by the second vortex mode converter are combined into one light beam through the second polarization beam splitter 6; on the optical axis of the combined light beam, a third light beam is sequentially provided. Half-wave plate 11, third polarization beam splitter 12 or polarization-independent beam splitter, third vortex mode converter and fiber coupler 16; the third vortex mode conversion device is a spatial light modulator, or a spiral bit photo, or a combination of the second quarter wave plate (13), the second vortex wave plate (14) and the third vortex wave plate (15), or the second quarter wave plate (13) and The combination of the fourth vortex wave plate (22); the topological charge of the fourth vortex wave plate (22) is 2l. Among them, the topological charges of the second vortex wave plate 14 and the third vortex wave plate 15 are both l;
第三半波片11和第三偏振分束器12，使合束的两束光产生近相消相干，用来将带有转速信息的旋转多普勒效性产生的频移转化为脉冲延迟；The third half-wave plate 11 and the third polarization beam splitter 12 make the combined two beams of light nearly decoherent, and are used to convert the frequency shift caused by the rotational Doppler effect with rotational speed information into pulse delay. ;
第二四分之一波片13、第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15，用来将光束重新转化为平面波并利用光纤耦合器16收集到光纤中；转化为平面波的目的在于平面波更容易耦合到光纤中；The second quarter wave plate 13, the second vortex wave plate 14, and the third vortex wave plate 15 are used to convert the light beam into a plane wave and collect it into the optical fiber using the fiber coupler 16; the purpose of converting it into a plane wave The reason is that plane waves are more easily coupled into optical fibers;
所述光纤耦合器16连接有雪崩二极管17；所述雪崩二极管17连接有时间相关单光子计数模块18；所述时间相关单光子计数模块18连接有计算机19。所述时间相关单光子计数模块18用时间数字转换器替换。The optical fiber coupler 16 is connected to an avalanche diode 17; the avalanche diode 17 is connected to a time-correlated single photon counting module 18; the time-correlated single photon counting module 18 is connected to a computer 19. The time-correlated single photon counting module 18 is replaced with a time-to-digital converter.
雪崩二极管17用来放大收集到光纤中的信号，时间相关单光子计数模块18是一种集成的即插即用的时间相关单光子计数系统，通过通用串行总线USB接口与计算机电脑连接，从而实现光子到达时间的测量。The avalanche diode 17 is used to amplify the signal collected in the optical fiber. The time-correlated single photon counting module 18 is an integrated plug-and-play time-correlated single photon counting system, connected to the computer through the universal serial bus USB interface, thereby Realize the measurement of photon arrival time.
实施例1：本发明的一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的装置，如图1所示，包括激光器1，所述激光器1发出的光束的光轴上，依次设置有声光调制器4、第二半波片5、第二偏振分束器6和空间调制器10；所述空间调制器10设置有液晶层；被所述第二偏振分束器6反射的光束的光轴上，依次设置有第一四分之一波片7、第一涡旋波片8和反射镜9；所述反射镜9反射的光束和所述空间调制器10的液晶层反射的光束通过第二偏振分束器6合束成一条光束；合束成一条光束的光轴上，依次设置有第三半波片11、第三偏振分束器12、第二四分之一波片13、第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15和光纤耦合器16；所述光纤耦合器16连接有雪崩二极管17；所述雪崩二极管17连接有时间相关单光子计数模块18；所述时间相关单光子计数模块18连接有计算机19。其中，第三偏振分束器12可以替换为偏振无关分束器。Embodiment 1: A device for measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotating Doppler effect of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, it includes a laser 1. On the optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser 1, an acousto-optic modulator is arranged in sequence. 4. The second half-wave plate 5, the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the spatial modulator 10; the spatial modulator 10 is provided with a liquid crystal layer; on the optical axis of the light beam reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 6 , a first quarter wave plate 7, a first vortex wave plate 8 and a reflector 9 are arranged in sequence; the light beam reflected by the reflector 9 and the light beam reflected by the liquid crystal layer of the spatial modulator 10 pass through the second The polarizing beam splitter 6 combines the beam into one beam; on the optical axis that combines the beam into one beam, a third half-wave plate 11, a third polarizing beam splitter 12, a second quarter-wave plate 13, a third The second vortex wave plate 14, the third vortex wave plate 15 and the optical fiber coupler 16; the optical fiber coupler 16 is connected to an avalanche diode 17; the avalanche diode 17 is connected to a time-correlated single photon counting module 18; the time The relevant single photon counting module 18 is connected to a computer 19 . Wherein, the third polarization beam splitter 12 can be replaced by a polarization-independent beam splitter.
实施例2：如图2所示，与实施例1不同的是，所述激光器1发出的光束的光轴上，且在所述激光器1和所述声光调制器4之间，还依次设置有第一半波片2和第一偏振分束器3。Embodiment 2: As shown in Figure 2, what is different from Embodiment 1 is that on the optical axis of the beam emitted by the laser 1, and between the laser 1 and the acousto-optic modulator 4, there are also There is a first half-wave plate 2 and a first polarizing beam splitter 3 .
实施例3：如图3所示，与实施例2不同的是，第一四分之一波片7和第一涡旋波片8替换为拓扑荷数为l的第一螺旋位相片20；也可以替换为拓扑荷数为l的空间光调制器。Embodiment 3: As shown in Figure 3, what is different from Embodiment 2 is that the first quarter wave plate 7 and the first vortex wave plate 8 are replaced with the first spiral phase photo 20 with a topological charge of l; It can also be replaced by a spatial light modulator with a topological charge of l.
实施例4：如图4所示，与实施例2不同的是，将第二四分之一波片13、第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15替换为拓扑荷属为2l的第二螺旋位相片21；也可以替换为拓扑荷属为2l的空间光调制器。Embodiment 4: As shown in Figure 4, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that the second quarter wave plate 13, the second vortex wave plate 14, and the third vortex wave plate 15 are replaced with topological charges as The second helical phase photo 21 of 2l can also be replaced by a spatial light modulator with a topological charge of 2l.
实施例5：如图5所示，与实施例2不同的是，将第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15替换为拓扑荷属为2l的第四涡旋波片22。Embodiment 5: As shown in Figure 5, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that the second vortex wave plate 14 and the third vortex wave plate 15 are replaced with a fourth vortex wave plate 22 with a topological charge of 2l.
如图6所示，本发明装置的测量流程为：As shown in Figure 6, the measurement process of the device of the present invention is:
（1）准备指针态：将连续光信号转化为非傅里叶极限高斯脉冲光；(1) Prepare the pointer state: convert the continuous light signal into non-Fourier limit Gaussian pulse light;
（2）前选择：调节入射光偏振，使干涉仪的两路光合束进行干涉时的光强相同，并引入光程差；(2) Front selection: adjust the polarization of the incident light so that the light intensity of the two combined light beams of the interferometer is the same when interfering, and introduce an optical path difference;
（3）系统和指针相互作用：在干涉仪一臂中引入旋转多普勒效应(RDE)产生频移，另一路调整到相应位相；(3) Interaction between the system and the pointer: the rotating Doppler effect (RDE) is introduced in one arm of the interferometer to produce a frequency shift, and the other arm is adjusted to the corresponding phase;
（4）后选择：调整两路光的偏振使其产生近相消相干，使频移转化为脉冲延迟；(4) Post-selection: adjust the polarization of the two lights to produce near-destructive coherence, so that the frequency shift is converted into pulse delay;
（5）读取信号：采用时间相关单光子计数(TCSPC)技术提取时间延迟。(5) Read the signal: Use time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technology to extract the time delay.
本发明的一种基于旋转多普勒效应测量物体角速度的方法，包括以下步骤：A method of measuring the angular velocity of an object based on the rotational Doppler effect of the present invention includes the following steps:
步骤一、输出的连续激光经第一半波片2和第一偏振分束器3优化其偏振度后，利用声光调制器4调制成非傅里叶极限高斯脉冲光，其光强分布可以表示为：Step 1. After the output continuous laser has its polarization optimized by the first half-wave plate 2 and the first polarization beam splitter 3, the acousto-optic modulator 4 is used to modulate it into non-Fourier limit Gaussian pulse light, and its light intensity distribution It can be expressed as:
其中为初始光强，/>为时间，/>为脉冲宽度；in is the initial light intensity,/> is time,/> is the pulse width;
步骤二、为了实现近相消相干，利用第二半波片5调整水平分量和垂直分量的比例，利用第二偏振分束器 6将其分成两束：Step 2. In order to achieve near destructive coherence, use the second half-wave plate 5 to adjust the ratio of the horizontal component and the vertical component, and use the second polarization beam splitter 6 to split it into two beams:
其中垂直偏振的分量被第二偏振分束器6反射后，经过调整到45o的第一四分之一波片7转化为左旋圆偏振光，再经过拓扑荷数为的第一涡旋波片8转化为拓扑荷数为/>的右旋圆偏振涡旋光束，经过反射镜9反射后，成为拓扑荷数为/>的左旋圆偏振涡旋光束，反射光再次通过第一涡旋波片8转化为拓扑荷数为/>的右旋圆偏振涡旋光束，最后通过第一四分之一波片7转化为拓扑荷数为/>的线偏振涡旋光束，且线偏振方向变为水平方向，透射通过第二偏振分束器 6，其电场强度/>可以表示为：After the vertically polarized component is reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter 6, it is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light by the first quarter-wave plate 7 adjusted to 45 ° , and then passes through the topological charge of The first vortex wave plate 8 is converted into a topological charge of/> The right-handed circularly polarized vortex beam, after being reflected by the mirror 9, becomes a topological charge of/> The left-handed circularly polarized vortex beam, the reflected light is converted into a topological charge of/> through the first vortex wave plate 8 again The right-handed circularly polarized vortex beam is finally converted into a topological charge of/> through the first quarter-wave plate 7 The linearly polarized vortex beam, and the linear polarization direction changes to the horizontal direction, is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 6, and its electric field intensity/> It can be expressed as:
其中为初始电场强度，/>为光角频率，/>为光束截面上的方位角，/>为两路光的位相差，通过调节反射镜9的位置改变；in is the initial electric field strength,/> is the optical angular frequency,/> is the azimuth angle on the beam cross section,/> is the phase difference between the two paths of light, which can be changed by adjusting the position of the reflector 9;
其中水平偏振的分量被第二偏振分束器6透射，被空间光调制器10反射后部分被第二偏振分束器6部分反射; 其中空间光调制器10的液晶层采用拓扑荷数为的动态纯位相全息图，模拟角速度为/>的旋转物体对涡旋光束的反射，使反射光束的频率因旋转多普勒效性产生频移，由于平面波被空间光调制器反射时，经过两次其液晶层，因此反射光携带拓扑荷数为/>的螺旋位相，其电场强度/>可以表示为：The horizontally polarized component is transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter 6, and is partially reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 6 after being reflected by the spatial light modulator 10; wherein the liquid crystal layer of the spatial light modulator 10 adopts a topological charge of The dynamic pure phase hologram of , the simulated angular velocity is/> The reflection of the vortex beam by the rotating object causes the frequency of the reflected beam to shift due to the rotational Doppler effect. Because when the plane wave is reflected by the spatial light modulator, it passes through its liquid crystal layer twice, so the reflected light carries topological charges. for/> The spiral phase of , its electric field strength/> It can be expressed as:
其中为受到旋转多普勒效应影响的光角频率，/>，其中/>为光频率，/>为旋转多普勒效应导致的频移；in is the angular frequency of light affected by the rotational Doppler effect,/> , of which/> is the optical frequency,/> is the frequency shift caused by the rotational Doppler effect;
步骤三、经过第二偏振分束器6重新合束的两束光，通过角度设置为22.5o的第三半波片11，在第三偏振分束器12后发生近相消相干，使带有转速信息的旋转多普勒效性产生的频移转化为脉冲延迟，得到的输出脉冲强度可以近似为：Step 3: The two beams of light recombined through the second polarizing beam splitter 6 pass through the third half-wave plate 11 with an angle set to 22.5 ° , and near destructive coherence occurs after the third polarizing beam splitter 12, so that the band The frequency shift caused by the rotational Doppler effect with rotational speed information is converted into pulse delay, and the output pulse intensity is obtained It can be approximated as:
其中脉冲到达时间延迟为；where the pulse arrival time delay is ;
步骤四、将光束再次通过第二四分之一波片13、拓扑荷数均为的第二涡旋波片14、第三涡旋波片15后重新转化为平面波，并利用光纤耦合器16收集到光纤中；Step 4. Pass the beam through the second quarter-wave plate 13 again. The topological charges are all The second vortex wave plate 14 and the third vortex wave plate 15 are then converted back into plane waves and collected into the optical fiber using the fiber coupler 16;
步骤五、收集到光纤中的信号经过雪崩二极管放大器17放大，再经时间相关单光子计数模块18连接至计算机电脑19，测量光脉冲到达时间延迟，最终通过/>计算得到角速度。Step 5. The signal collected in the optical fiber is amplified by the avalanche diode amplifier 17, and then connected to the computer 19 through the time-correlated single photon counting module 18, and the arrival time delay of the light pulse is measured. , finally passed/> The angular velocity is calculated.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例和阐述仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非进行限制。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，不脱离本发明技术方案公开的精神和范围的，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之中。Finally, it should be noted that the above examples and descriptions are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently substituted, and all of them shall be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed technical solutions of the present invention.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点，其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以，凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰，均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design ideas and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made based on the principles and design ideas disclosed in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的内容后，将容易想到本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本申请未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的。Other embodiments of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the technical field that are not disclosed in this application. . The specification and examples are to be considered as illustrative only.
应当理解的是，本申请并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310586981.1A CN116298373B (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Device and method for measuring angular velocity of object based on rotary Doppler effect |
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