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CN116288924A - 一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116288924A
CN116288924A CN202310129607.9A CN202310129607A CN116288924A CN 116288924 A CN116288924 A CN 116288924A CN 202310129607 A CN202310129607 A CN 202310129607A CN 116288924 A CN116288924 A CN 116288924A
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carbon fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced thermoplastic
thermoplastic resin
composite material
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刘雪强
沈灿铎
张长琦
刘毅
王侨
孟佳
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Institute of Systems Engineering of PLA Academy of Military Sciences
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Institute of Systems Engineering of PLA Academy of Military Sciences
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Abstract

本发明属于复合材料领域，公开了一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法。将短切碳纤维和热塑性树脂基纤维通过一种悬浮液用于共混纤维的制备方法混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取若干层薄的碳纤维毡材叠层，烘干，针刺，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。并将得到的碳纤维厚毡材与无纺布结合，通过不同的铺层方式制备出三维结构的复合毡材。所述的复合材料中纤维分布均匀，可去除静电，具有较好的拉伸性能，弯曲性能和冲击韧性，改性后界面相容性很好，吸水率低，导电率低。

Description

一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域，具体涉及一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法。
背景技术
纤维改性增强复合材料是一种轻质、高强度的新型材料，具有耐腐蚀、力学性能优良的良好性能。近年来纤维复合材料的制造为传统金属部件提供了更硬、更轻的替代品。在汽车行业，碳纤维增强塑料的应用越来越高。
目前，纤维增强复合材料存在着增强纤维造树脂基材中分布不均等缺陷，这极大地影响了材料的性能。传统的纤维增强树脂材料也存在着工序复杂、价格高昂的缺陷。以传统碳纤维增强树脂为例，其制备方法包括：1)碳纤维毛毡成型；2)树脂含浸成预浸料；3)预浸料热压成型。价格过高限制了纤维增强树脂材料的大量应用。
目前纤维增强复合材料主要是存在纤维增强纤维与树脂分布不均匀，增强纤维与树脂之间界面相结合等缺陷，这很大程度上影响复合材料的性能。
发明内容
为克服上述的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材及复合材料制备方法，该复合材料有较好的拉伸性能、弯曲性能、冲击性能、抗静电性、界面相容性好、增强纤维与树脂基体分布均匀。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
1）将短切碳纤维和热塑性树脂基纤维加入到悬浮液中混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取若干层薄的碳纤维毡材叠层，烘干，针刺，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。
2）将碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材与无纺布结合，通过组合得到三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料。
3）模压前，在膜片上铺上脱模片：将模压机预热达到需要温度，而后进行模压，模压时间0.5-10min；加热温度110-400℃。
4）冷却，得到三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料。
所述树脂纤维为尼龙纤维、聚醚醚酮纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯中的一种或几种以上；
所述所述碳纤维为PAN基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、人造丝碳纤维、回收碳纤维中的一种；
所述的悬浮液具有一定的密度范围1.1-1.5ɡ⁄㎤，优选1.3ɡ⁄㎤；
所述的脱模片为加厚锡纸；
所述悬浮液中含有改性剂、纳米颗粒、非离子表面活性剂；
所述悬浮液中改性剂为KH550，KH560,KH570中的一种或几种的组合；
所述悬浮液中纳米颗粒为碳纳米管、纳米二氧化硅、氧化石墨烯中的一种或几种的组合；
所述悬浮液中非离子表面改性剂为Triton X-100、聚乙二醇、Triton中的以上一种或多种；
所述树脂纤维的纤度为0.1-0.7dext，长度为30-80mm；
所述增强纤维的长度30-80mm；
所述纤维增强树脂复合材料的厚度1-10mm；
所述的烘干温度为120℃，时间为5min。
本发明的上述技术方案至少具有如下有益效果：本申请将短切碳纤维和热塑性树脂基纤维通过一种悬浮液用于共混纤维的制备方法混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取若干层薄的碳纤维毡材叠层，烘干，针刺，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。并将得到的碳纤维厚毡材与无纺布结合，通过不同的铺层方式制备出三维结构的复合毡材。相对于传统的碳纤维增强树脂制备方法，本申请的制备方法工艺简单，成本低廉，得到的复合材料中纤维分布均匀，可去除静电，具有较好的拉伸性能，弯曲性能和冲击韧性，改性后界面相容性很好，吸水率低，导电率低。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此，下述实施例中所用的试剂材料等，如无特殊说明，均为市售购买产品。
实施例1
本实施例采用聚丙烯纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维作为合成纤维，具体实施方法包括以下步骤：
取比例50％碳纤维、45％的聚丙烯纤维、5％的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
悬浮液配制：乙醇和去离子水95:5质量比配制混合溶剂，将KH560溶解在混合溶剂中，其浓度为3％，加入0.2％碳纳米管颗粒并加入0.125％Triton X-100和1.25％聚乙二醇。
将短切碳纤维和聚丙烯纤维与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维加入到上述悬浮液中混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取7层薄的碳纤维毡材叠加，烘干时间为5min，温度120℃针刺后，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。
将碳纤维厚毡材与无纺布结合，无纺布为表层碳纤维厚毡材为芯层得到三维结构碳纤维复合材料。
在膜片上涂覆脱模剂：将模压机预热达到需要温度，而后进行模压，模压时间5min；加热温度200℃。
冷却，得到碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合毡材。
实施例2
取比例50％碳纤维、45％的聚乳酸、5％的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
悬浮液配制：乙醇和去离子水95:5质量比配制混合溶剂，将KH560溶解在混合溶剂中，其浓度为3％，加入0.2％碳纳米管颗粒并加入0.125％Triton X-100和1.25％聚乙二醇。
将短切碳纤维和聚乳酸纤维与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维加入到上述悬浮液中混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取4层薄的碳纤维毡材叠加，烘干时间为5min，温度120℃针刺后，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。
碳纤维厚毡材与无纺布结合，碳纤维厚毡材铺在无纺布上，而后铺一层无纺布再铺一层碳纤维厚毡材最后再铺一层无纺布，得到五层三维结构的碳纤维复合材料。
在膜片上涂覆脱模剂：将模压机预热达到需要温度，而后进行模压，模压时间5min；加热温度200℃。
冷却，得到碳纤维增强聚乳酸复合毡材。
实施例3
取比例50％碳纤维、45％的尼龙66、5％的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
悬浮液配制：乙醇和去离子水95:5质量比配制混合溶剂，将KH560溶解在混合溶剂中，其浓度为3％，加入0.2％碳纳米管颗粒并加入0.125％Triton X-100和1.25％聚乙二醇。
将短切碳纤维和尼龙66纤维与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维加入到上述悬浮液中混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取3层薄的碳纤维毡材叠加，烘干时间为5min，温度120℃针刺后，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。
碳纤维厚毡材与无纺布结合，碳纤维厚毡材铺在无纺布上而后铺一层无纺布，再以碳纤维毡材和无纺布的顺序一共铺设七层，得到七层三维结构的碳纤维复合材料。
在膜片上涂覆脱模剂：将模压机预热达到需要温度，而后进行模压，模压时间5min；加热温度275℃。
冷却，得到碳纤维增强尼龙66复合毡材。
表1实施例1-3制备的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料性能测试数据
实施例 厚度（mm） 拉伸强度（MPa） 弯曲强度（MPa） 冲击强度（KJ/m2）
1 3 175 195 89
2 3 188 163 82
3 3 203 189 99
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

1.一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法的具体步骤如下：将短切碳纤维和热塑性树脂基纤维加入到悬浮液中混合均匀，将混合均匀的浆料过滤溶液后，得到一层薄的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基毡材，取若干层薄的碳纤维毡材叠层，烘干，针刺，得到碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述悬浮液中含有改性剂、纳米颗粒、非离子表面活性剂配制；
所述改性剂为KH550，KH560,KH570中的一种或几种的组合；
所述纳米颗粒为碳纳米管、纳米二氧化硅、氧化石墨烯中的一种或几种的组合；
所述非离子表面改性剂为Triton X-100、聚乙二醇、Triton中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的烘干温度为120℃，时间为5min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的悬浮液的密度为1.1-1.5ɡ⁄㎤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述树脂纤维为尼龙纤维、聚醚醚酮纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯中的一种或几种以上；
所述所述碳纤维为PAN基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、人造丝碳纤维、回收碳纤维中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述树脂纤维的纤度为0.1-0.7dext，长度为30-80mm；所述增强纤维的长度30-80mm。
7.一种三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法的具体步骤如下：
1）将权利要求1-6任一项制备方法制备得到的碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基厚毡材与无纺布结合，通过组合得到三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料；
2）模压前，在膜片上铺上脱模片，将模压机预热达到需要温度，而后进行模压，模压时间0.5-10min；加热温度110-400℃；
3）冷却，得到三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纤维增强树脂复合材料的厚度1-10mm。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：最外层为无纺布。
10.权利要求8或9所述的制备方法制备得到的三维结构碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料在航空和汽车行业中的应用，其特征在于，应用于韧性比强度和刚度更重要的部件。
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