CN116283618A - 一种胺及胺的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 (S)-1-(5-(benzyloxy )-2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutane-2-amine Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/10—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/54—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/56—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C217/60—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms linked by carbon chains having two carbon atoms between the amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring or the condensed ring system containing that ring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胺的合成方法,属于有机合成技术领域。合成方法包括如下步骤:以化合物1为原料,合成最终产物,所述化合物1为5‑溴‑2‑甲氧基苯酚;所述最终产物为(S)‑1‑(5‑(苄氧基)‑2‑溴‑4‑甲氧基苯基)‑3‑甲基丁烷‑2‑胺。在合成过程中,对中间产物进行手性拆分和手性提纯,然后以手性拆分和手性提纯后的化合物为原料,合成最终产物。采用本发明的合成方法得到的最终产物收率可达60%,手性纯度高,能够满足生产需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种胺及胺的合成方法。
背景技术
胺类化合物是一种重要的有机化合物,在临床中许多药物都是胺或胺类的衍生物,例如蛋白质、激素、抗生素及生物碱等,胺类化合物具有重要的生物和生理活性,因此研究胺的合成方法对人类的健康具有至关重要的作用。
作为一种胺类化合物,(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺,是一种生产流感药物的重要中间体片段,而该胺类化合物中,分子链片段中具有苯环、位于苯环上特定位置的氧原子、溴原子及其他取代基等,同时该胺类化合物分子结构具有手性,因此合成困难,目前暂无该胺类化合物的合成方法,因此对其应用产生了很大的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种胺的制备方法,该胺为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺,以解决上述背景技术中的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明公开了一种胺的合成方法,包括如下步骤:以化合物1为原料,合成最终产物,所述化合物1为5-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚;所述最终产物为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
进一步的,所述化合物1依次合成化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6和最终产物;所述化合物2为2-苄氧基-4-溴苯甲醚;所述化合物3为1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-酮;所述化合物4为(S,Z)-N-(1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-亚甲基) -2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;所述化合物5为(S)-N-((R)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷 -2-基) -2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;所述化合物6为(S)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
进一步的,所述化合物6经过手性拆分和手性提纯后,保留手性为S构型的化合物6,并以此为原料,合成最终产物。
本发明同时要求保护一种采用上述的合成方法得到的胺,所述胺为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
本发明的胺及胺的合成方法具有以下有益效果:以较为常见的化合物1:5-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚为原料,通过五步合成工艺,得到了化合物6:(S)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺,然后对化合物6进行手性拆分和手性提纯,得到最终产物:(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺,最终产物的纯度高、收率高,且本发明的合成方法简单、易于实现。
附图说明
图1:以化合物1合成化合物2的反应方程式;
图2:以化合物2合成化合物3的反应方程式;
图3:以化合物3合成化合物4的反应方程式;
图4:以化合物4合成化合物5的反应方程式;
图5:以化合物5合成化合物6的反应方程式;
图6:化合物6的手性拆分过程反应方程式;
图7:化合物6的手性提纯过程反应方程式;
图8:以化合物6合成最终产物的反应方程式。
实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。
一种(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺的合成方法,具体为:
以化合物1为原料,依次合成化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5和化合物6,然后对化合物6进行手性拆分和手性提纯,最后以手性拆分和手性提纯后的化合物为基础,合成得到(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺;
其中,化合物1为5-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚;
化合物2为2-苄氧基-4-溴苯甲醚;
化合物3为1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-酮;
化合物4为(S,Z)-N-(1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-亚甲基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;
化合物5为(S)-N-((R)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷 -2-基) -2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;
化合物6为(S)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺;
最终产物即为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
本发明的合成方法中,由化合物3合成化合物4为关键步骤,该步骤首次将氮元素引入化合物分子结构中。
对化合物6进行手性拆分和手性提纯也是关键步骤,经过手性拆分和手性提纯后,保留手性符合要求的化合物6,并以此为原料,合成最终产物,可确保最终产物具有较高的纯度,并提高最终产物的收率。
实施例
以化合物1合成化合物2,包括如下步骤:
(1)向20L反应釜中加入7.5 kg化合物1(36.9 mol, Mw:203.04, 1.0 eq) ,再加入40L DMF,搅拌至溶清;
(2)向反应釜内加入1800 g NaOH(44.3 mol, 1.2 eq),搅拌40 min;
(3)将反应釜内温升至60℃,滴加BnBr7.9 kg(46.2 mol, Mw:171.03, 1.25 eq);
(4)滴毕,反应4 h,期间点板监控,直至原料消耗完毕;
(5)反应结束后热过滤除去生成的盐;
(6)将滤液加入反应釜降温至0℃,有大量固体生成;
(7)过滤得固体粗产品;
(8)粗产品分别用水和无水乙醇打浆过滤,得到产物化合物2,为白色固体8.6 kg(Mw:293.16,收率约80%)。
上述反应方程式如图1所示。
实施例
以化合物2合成化合物3,包括如下步骤:
(1)准备原料:7.329 kg化合物2(25 mol,Mw:293.16, 1.0 eq),458 g钯催化剂Pd2(dba)3
(2)在反应釜中将各原料迅速加完,待反应体系成黄色浑浊状,TLC检测,原料点消失后,及时淬灭反应(加完碱后,55℃搅拌反应0.5h左右,以监控为准,直至反应完全);
(3)向反应体系中加饱和冰盐水,搅拌充分后滴加580 mL的 H2O2,搅拌1h;
(4)加入亚硫酸钠,淀粉碘化钾试纸确保无过氧化物。
(5)分液,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。
(6)浓缩产品用3倍甲醇打浆得灰色固体4.2 kg(Mw: 298.38, 收率56 %左右)。在其他实施例中,滤饼用冷甲醇洗涤一下,滤液可以浓缩,再次加少量甲醇打浆,可进一步提高收率。
上述反应方程式如图2所示。
实施例
以化合物3合成化合物4,包括如下步骤:
(1)向反应釜中加入4200 g化合物3(Mw:298.38, 14 mol, 1.0 eq),3393.6 g叔丁基亚磺酰胺(Mw:121.2, 28 mol, 2.0 eq),31.935 kg的Ti(OEt)4(Mw:228.11 140 mol,10 eq),THF(30L),氮气置换三次。
(2)加热至60℃反应,反应18h左右,期间点板监控,直至绝大部分原料消耗完毕(PE/EA=4/1)。
(3)反应完成后,冷却至室温,加入EA约30 L,控温不超过40℃,加入饱和NaHCO3水溶液,使得体系呈碱性,PH约9左右,此时会有大量固体生成。
(4)离心除去固体,固体用EA(30*2)打浆2次,合并滤液。
(5)有机层用饱和食盐水洗2次。
(6)有机层无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得棕色油状产物化合物4,直接用于下一步反应,产率按100%计算(理论5.621 kg,Mw:401.57)。
上述反应方程式如图3所示。
实施例
以化合物4合成化合物5,包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物4(5.621 Kg, 14 mol, 1.0 eq)加入反应瓶中,加入溶剂THF 56 L。
(2)冷却至-5℃,将9-BBN (56L, 28 mol. 0.5M, 2.0 eq) 逐渐加入反应瓶中,控制温度不要超过5℃。
(3)全部加完,控制温度0℃左右,反应3-4 h,点板监控直到原料消耗完毕。
(4)加入1N HCl淬灭反应,使体系pH=5左右。
(5)浓缩除去部分THF,加入EA 30 L,EA层用饱和食盐水洗2次,有机层无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得粗产品。
(6)浓缩开始为油状,过夜后凝固。产率按100%计算,理论质量为5.65 kg。
上述反应方程式如图4所示。
实施例
以化合物5合成化合物6,包括如下步骤:
(1)将原料化合物5(5.65 kg, Mw:403.58, 14 mol)加入反应瓶中,加入甲醇40L。
(2)冰水浴条件下,将3N HCl(14L, 42 mol)滴加入反应体系中,搅拌反应3-4h。
(3)期间点板监控,直至反应结束。
(4)用K2CO3(Mw:138,28 mol, 4Kg)调节pH=9-10,加入EA萃取(30L*3)。在其他实施例中,此步也可调至中性,优先浓缩除去大部分甲醇。
(5)有机层浓缩,除去甲醇和溶剂。
(6)浓缩物加入EA 30L溶解,饱和盐水洗。有机层无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得化合物6(半固状,收率按100%算,Mw: 299.41,理论质量:4191.74g)。此时,化合物6的手性纯度为91-92%。
上述反应方程式如图5所示。
实施例
对化合物6进行手性拆分,包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物6加入反应釜中(4191.74 g, 14 mol, 1.0 eq),加入EA 63 L溶解,加热至60℃,将拆分试剂酒石酸(5016.2g酒石酸溶于63L EA中,其中酒石酸:14 mol, Mw358.3, 1.0 eq)滴加入反应体系中。
(2)很快会有大量白色固体形成,60℃加热回流搅拌,体系不会澄清。
(3)回流搅拌1h,冷却至室温(15℃左右),离心得白色固体,白色固体用EA打浆2次(30*2)。其中EA有机层先调减,再浓缩,回收拆分。
(4)固体用水(20 L)打散,将碳酸钾溶液(Mw:138.21, 28 mol, 4kg 溶于10 L水)慢慢加入,调节pH =10。后加入EA(20L*2)萃取两次,合并有机层。
(5)有机相浓盐水洗(20L)一次,无水硫酸钠干燥有机层。过滤,浓缩得产品,浓缩物为油状,过夜后凝固得类白色固体2.4kg(Mw:299.41, 8 mol, 拆分收率约60%)。
上述反应方程式如图6所示。
实施例
对手性拆分后的化合物6进行手性提纯,包括如下步骤:
(1)将手性拆分后的化合物6加入反应瓶釜中(2.4 Kg, 8 mol, 1.0 eq),加入正庚烷/EA1比1溶剂 60 L溶解,加热至60℃,将拆分试剂扁桃酸(1217.2g 溶于60L EA 8mol, Mw 152.15, 1.0 eq)滴加入反应体系中。
(2) 60℃加热回流搅拌,加热搅拌1h左右。
(3)搅拌状态下慢慢回复室温(15℃左右),室温搅拌2h,离心得白色固体。(离心液收集,可以再次酒石酸纯化,拆分,防止最终产品不够1.91 kg)。
(4)白色固体用10L水打散,将碳酸钾溶液(Mw:138.21, 10 mol, 1.38 kg 溶于 5L水)慢慢加入,调节pH =10。后加入EA(20L*2)萃取两次,合并有机层。
(5)有机相浓盐水洗(20L)一次,无水硫酸钠干燥有机层。过滤,浓缩得产品,浓缩物为油状,过夜后凝固得白色固体1.91 kg(Mw:299.41, 6.4 mol, 拆分收率约80%)。经过提纯后,化合物6的手性纯度达到99.5%。
上述反应方程式如图7所示。
实施例
以手性拆分和手性提纯后的化合物6合成最终产物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将手性拆分和手性提纯后的化合物6(1.91kg, Mw:299.14, 6.4 mol, 1.0eq)加入反应釜中,加入冰醋酸10L 溶解。在25℃左右,将溴素溶液(1227.3g 溶于10L冰醋酸,Mw=159.8, 7.68 mol, 1.2 eq)慢慢滴加入反应中,反应会放热,控制温度不超过45℃。
(2)滴加过程中可能有固体形成,也可能没有,滴加完毕后,在25℃左右,搅拌反应3-4h,反应过程中必定有固体生成,点板监控直至原料消耗完毕(纯EA爬版)。
(3)冷却至10℃左右过滤得白色固体,滤饼用冷EA洗涤,滤饼即为目标产物。
(4)滤液浓缩除去冰醋酸,加入50 mL EA 打浆,降温至5℃左右。过滤再次得白色滤饼,滤饼用冷EA洗涤,将固体与第(3)步得到固体合并。
(5)最终的白色固体1.45 kg(Mw:378.31, 5.28 mol, 收率 60%)。
上述反应方程式如图8所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用于限制发明,凡在本发明的设计构思之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种胺的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:以化合物1为原料,合成最终产物,所述化合物1为5-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚;所述最终产物为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的胺的合成方法,其特征在于:所述化合物1依次合成化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6和最终产物;所述化合物2为2-苄氧基-4-溴苯甲醚;所述化合物3为1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-酮;所述化合物4为(S,Z)-N-(1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-亚甲基) -2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;所述化合物5为(S)-N-((R)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷 -2-基) -2-甲基丙烷-2-亚砜酰胺;所述化合物6为(S)-1-(3-(苄氧基) -4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
3.如权利要求2所述的胺的合成方法,其特征在于:所述化合物6经过手性拆分和手性提纯后,保留手性为S构型的化合物6,并以此为原料,合成最终产物。
4.一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的胺的合成方法得到的胺,所述胺为(S)-1-(5-(苄氧基) -2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基) -3-甲基丁烷-2-胺。
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