CN116267937A - 一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用，属于农药技术领域。所述除草剂为异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油，针对甘薯田使用，对甘薯栽插前期的已出土的禾本科和阔叶杂草有良好的防除效果，封闭时间长，可减少重复用药，有效降低劳动和用药成本，减少农药对环境的污染，降低人工用药风风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，尤其是涉及一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用。
背景技术
甘薯种植主要集中于夏季，高温多雨条件下杂草发生量大，同时由于甘薯属旋花科蔓生草本，种植方式主要是起垄种植，垄距宽度较宽(有些垄距达1.5米)，导致甘薯苗期长势慢，封行迟，杂草发生量明显多于同期种植的其他旱作物田，因此移栽前的土壤处理、移栽后缓苗活棵过程中极易受到杂草的竞争性危害。
目前适用于甘薯等经济作物田的化学除草剂相对较少，我国登记在甘薯田使用的除草剂品种很少，仅有9个登记证。1个为异丙草胺乳油在甘薯田进行移栽前土壤处理防除一年生禾本科杂草，其中4个为灭草松水剂和另外4个是精喹禾灵与唑嘧磺草胺的单剂及复配制剂在甘薯田苗后进行茎叶处理。实际使用中，农民用药随意性较大，多参考类似作物使用异丙甲草胺、二甲戊乐灵、乙草胺等等在移栽前土壤处理可防除一年生禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草，使用精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、烯草酮等茎叶处理控制禾本科杂草，敌草快草甘膦、草铵膦等结合防除。上述化学除草技术的不足之处表现为：①甘薯田在缓苗后，虽然使用再精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、烯草酮等茎叶处理控制禾本科杂草，但甘薯田主要防治杂草仍为阔叶类杂草，如反枝苋、春蓼、鳢肠、藜、铁苋菜等；②灭草松、唑嘧磺草胺虽然在甘薯田进行茎叶处理防除阔叶类杂草，但对甘薯有很高的抑制率，严重影响甘薯的正常生长乃至影响产量；③目前移栽前土壤处理(苗前封闭)依旧是实际使用中首要选择，但甘薯田进行移栽前，部分种植甘薯耕地就已经出现马唐、自生麦苗、田旋花、藜等幼苗已经发生、异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵均无茎叶处理能力，不能有效的抑制杂草；④甘薯一个收获季节，农户在甘薯缓苗后使用异丙甲草胺和敌草快复配结合防治，一方面利用异丙甲草胺的封闭作用(土壤处理能力)，另一方面利用敌草快茎叶处理能力，但因为异丙甲草胺封闭时间较短等问题，随着雨季的到来，杂草的不断发生至少使用2-3次，大大的增加了劳动力成本和人工用药风险，此外敌草快同百草枯(国家已经禁止销售)属于一类，人误食用后，对人体有不可逆的伤害作用，危险性高。
综上，甘薯栽插前期的已出土的禾本科和阔叶杂草很难控制，如何提供一种安全可靠、成本低廉、能够推广使用的甘薯田杂草防除技术，是待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为解决甘薯作物田的现有的化学除草剂相对较少，对甘薯栽插前期的已出土的禾本科和阔叶杂草防除能力差、封闭时间较短、成本较高、安全性较差的问题。本发明提出了一种针对甘薯田使用的异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用，所述的除草剂对甘薯栽插前期的已出土的禾本科和阔叶杂草有良好的防除效果，封闭时间长，可减少重复用药，有效降低劳动和用药成本，减少农药对环境的污染，降低人工用药风风险。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明一方面提供了一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂，所述除草剂为异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油。
其中，异丙草胺和异噁草松的物理、化学性质如下：
a)异丙草胺
ISO通用名称：Propisochlor
CIPAC数字代号：836
CAS登录号：86763-47-5
化学名称：2-氯-N-(异丙基甲基)-N-(2-乙基-6-甲基)苯基乙酰胺
结构式：
实验式：C15H22ClNO2
相对分子质量：283.8(按1993年国际相对原子质量计)
生物活性：除草
熔点：21.6℃，
蒸气压：4mPa(20℃)
水中溶解度为：184mg/L，溶于大部分有机溶剂。
稳定性：常温下稳定，对紫外光稳定，不易挥发，不易光解，243℃下分解。
b)异噁草松
ISO通用名称为:Clomazone
CIPAC数字代号：509
CAS登录号：81777-89-1
化学名称为:2-(2-氯苄基)-4,4-二甲基异恶唑-3-酮
结构式为：
实验式为：C12H14ClNO2
相对分子质量：239.7(按2005年国际相对原子质量计)
生物活性：除草
蒸气压：19.2mPa(25℃)
沸点：275.4℃
熔点：25℃
溶解性(20℃):水1.1g/L,易溶于丙酮。乙腈、三氯甲烷、环己酮、二氯甲烷、甲醇、甲苯、正己烷、二甲基甲酰胺
稳定性：在室温下至少2年稳定，50℃下至少3个月稳定，日光下，水溶液中DT50大于30d
异丙草胺和异噁草松与乳化剂溶解在溶剂中配制成73％异丙·异噁松乳油。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，在所述73％异丙·异噁松乳油中异丙草胺的质量分数为64.5％～69.5％，异噁草松的质量分数为5.4％～6.6％。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，在所述73％异丙·异噁松乳油中异丙草胺的质量分数为67％，异噁草松的质量分数为6％。
本发明另一方面提供了丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂在甘薯田中的应用。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，在甘薯田内防除禾本科和阔叶类杂草中的应用。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，所述除草剂在甘薯田未移栽前的土壤处理封闭和/或甘薯移栽缓苗后防除已出土的一年生小龄禾本科和阔叶类杂草中的应用。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，在甘薯田内防除马唐、稗、狗尾草、鳢肠、铁苋菜、反枝苋、春蓼等一年生杂草。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，所述除草剂在甘薯移栽缓苗后采用土壤喷雾的处理方式施用，用量为120～150ml/亩(有效成分用量1314-1642.5g/公顷)；优选地，用量为120～135ml/亩(有效成分用量1314-1478.25g/公顷)。
本发明另一方面提供了丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的使用方法，采用土壤喷雾法，在甘薯扦插活棵后，田间一年生杂草出苗前使用。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，使用量为120-150mL/亩(有效成分用量1314-1642.5g/公顷)；优选地，用量为120～135ml/亩(有效成分用量1314-1478.25g/公顷)。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，每亩兑水30-40L，先制母液，再二次兑水稀释后，均匀喷雾。
以每亩使用量为120～150毫升计算，预估每亩使用成本在14元左右，成本低廉。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂及其应用具有以下优势：
本发明所述的73％异丙·异噁松乳油是针对甘薯作物研发的除草剂，对甘薯栽插前期的已出土的禾本科和阔叶杂草有良好的防除效果，封闭时间长，可减少重复用药，有效降低劳动力成本，减少农药对环境的污染，降低人工用药风风险。
具体实施方式
除有定义外，以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂，如无特殊说明，均为常规生化试剂；所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油的质量检测、理化性质、毒理检测
(1)质量控制指标及检测结果见下表。
(2)理化检测结果见下表
(3)毒理检测结果见下表
73％异丙·异噁松乳油毒性为低毒。
实施例2异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油防除甘薯田一年生杂草田间药效试验
试验地位置：贵州省某地(纬度26.9820，经度107.2548，海拔1004m)
防治对象：一年生杂草
试验靶标：空白对照区杂草基本出苗后，调查空白对照区主要杂草种群为：马唐、稗、狗尾草.、鳢肠、芸苔(油菜)、铁苋菜、反枝苋、春蓼、小蓬草、牛膝菊等
试验作物：甘薯(品种：紫薯)
药剂用量和编号：
施药方法及用水量(升/公顷)：土壤喷雾，公顷用水量750L
施药时间和次数：甘薯苗扦插活棵后，田间一年生杂草出苗前；田间施药防治1次
试验结果：
结论：
73％异丙草胺·异噁草松EC可有效防除甘薯田马唐、稗、狗尾草、鳢肠、铁苋菜、反枝苋、春蓼等一年生杂草；试验药剂各处理对马唐、狗尾草、鳢肠、反枝苋、春蓼药后45天株防效均在91％以上，鲜重防效在93％以上；田间推荐用量为1314-1478.25g a.i./hm2(制剂量为120-135mL/667m2)；施药方法为土壤喷雾法，施药时期应在甘薯扦插活棵后，田间一年生杂草出苗前；试验药剂优于对照药剂50％异丙草胺EC、80％异噁·异丙甲EC。
通过田间观察，该试验药剂在本试验浓度范围内对甘薯生长无药害，对其它非靶标生物无明显不良影响。
实施例3异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油防除甘薯田一年生杂草封闭时间
73％异丙·异噁松乳油中的异噁草松本身化学性质，在土壤中的生物活性可持续6个月以上，而现有的异丙甲草胺乳油的残效期一般为20-35天，相较于异丙甲草胺封闭时间较短的问题，73％异丙·异噁松乳油具有较长的封闭时间，在保证防除杂草效果的同时，可有效减少用药次数。
实施例4异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油最终残留实验
73％异丙·异噁松乳油防治一年生杂草，于甘薯移栽缓苗后开始施药，施药剂量1642.5g a.i./ha(制剂用药量150mL/mu)，施药1次，于收获期，分别采集甘薯块茎和甘薯叶样品。
在甘薯块茎中，异丙草胺平均残留量均＜0.01mg/kg，异噁草松平均残留量均＜0.01mg/kg；在甘薯叶中，异丙草胺平均残留量均＜0.01mg/kg，异噁草松平均残留量均＜0.01mg/kg。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种异丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂，其特征在于：所述除草剂为异丙草胺和异噁草松混配制成的73％异丙·异噁松乳油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草剂，其特征在于：在所述73％异丙·异噁松乳油中异丙草胺的质量分数为64.5％～69.5％，异噁草松的质量分数为5.4％～6.6％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的除草剂，其特征在于：在所述73％异丙·异噁松乳油中异丙草胺的质量分数为67％，异噁草松的质量分数为6％。
4.权利要求1到3任一项所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的用途，其特征在于：在甘薯田中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的用途，其特征在于：在甘薯田内防除禾本科和阔叶类杂草中的应用。
6.根据权利要求4所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的用途，其特征在于：所述除草剂在甘薯田未移栽前的土壤处理封闭和/或甘薯移栽缓苗后防除已出土的一年生小龄禾本科和阔叶类杂草中的应用。
7.根据权利要求4所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的用途，其特征在于：所述除草剂在甘薯移栽缓苗后采用土壤喷雾的处理方式施用，用量为120～150ml/亩。
8.权利要求1到3任一项所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的使用方法，其特征在于：采用土壤喷雾法，在甘薯扦插活棵后，田间一年生杂草出苗前使用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的使用方法，其特征在于：使用量为120-150mL/亩。
10.根据权利要求9所述的丙草胺与异噁草松混配的除草剂的使用方法，其特征在于：每亩兑水30-40L，先制母液，再二次兑水稀释后，均匀喷雾。
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