CN116254280A - SOD siRNA,结合绿僵菌、白僵菌或拟青霉在白蚁防治中的应用 - Google Patents
SOD siRNA,结合绿僵菌、白僵菌或拟青霉在白蚁防治中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双链核酸SOD siRNA,采用双链核酸SOD dsRNA通过RNase III消化获得SOD siRNA。一种含双链核酸SOD siRNA的防治白蚁的产品。随后利用RNase III将SOD dsRNA消化成作用效果更强的SOD siRNA。将SOD siRNA与白蚁食物混合,随后放入白蚁群体中供白蚁取食。白蚁取食SOD siRNA后,体内SOD基因表达量显著下降,SOD酶活性显著降低。分别用金龟子绿僵菌、球孢白僵菌和淡紫拟青霉感染取食SOD siRNA的白蚁后,染菌白蚁死亡率均显著上升。这表明SOD siRNA能够显著提高绿僵菌、白僵菌和拟青霉对白蚁的生物防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及SOD基因和SOD siRNA,一种增强生防菌杀灭白蚁效果的双链核酸SOD siRNA。
背景技术
白蚁是一种全球性的经济害虫,危害园林树木、农作物、房屋建筑和水库堤坝等,给人类的生命财产带来巨大威胁。我国每年因白蚁危害造成的经济损失达100亿人民币,因此白蚁防治工作受到高度重视。化学防治是白蚁防治的主要手段。然而,许多高毒高污染化学药剂已被禁用。因此,研究和开发无毒、无污染、对环境友好的新型生物防治药剂成为白蚁防治领域的迫切需求之一。
在自然界,由真菌致死的昆虫约占全部病原微生物致病导致死亡的60%。利用昆虫专性致病真菌能够有效控制有害昆虫种群数量,因而得到广泛研究和应用。目前,绿僵菌(Metarhizium)、白僵菌(Beauveria)和拟青霉(Paecilomyces)在绿色防控技术中,是最成功、最经济、最广泛、最安全的生防制剂。其寄主昆虫包括鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、同翅目、双翅目、半翅目等有害昆虫。这些昆虫专性致病真菌能够附着于昆虫表皮,在合适的温度下,萌发,产生芽管,并形成侵入钉。随后分泌几丁质酶,溶解昆虫体壁,进入昆虫体腔,侵入昆虫的脂肪组织和肌肉。最后在昆虫体内繁殖,掠夺营养,产生毒素,进而导致昆虫死亡。然而,利用虫生真菌防治野外白蚁巢群的效果很不理想,这是由于白蚁属于社会性昆虫,其巢内成员依赖社会免疫体系,在行为和生理防御上进化出一系列疾病防御策略(例如理毛、体表消毒、“接种”、免疫反应、解毒和抗氧化反应等)。因此,如何削弱白蚁疾病防御力是提高生防菌杀灭白蚁效果的关键。
染菌白蚁在抵御体内真菌侵染和分解真菌毒素的过程中,会产生大量超氧阴离子自由基,而过量超氧阴离子自由基能够损伤细胞膜,使蛋白质变性,破坏DNA结构等。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是一种重要的抗氧化酶,广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物体内,能够催化超氧阴离子自由基歧化生成氧和过氧化氢,保护机体免受氧化损伤。前期研究表明,染菌白蚁体内SOD基因表达和SOD酶活性显著升高,表明SOD在白蚁抵御病原菌侵染过程中发挥重要作用。因此,本发明拟以白蚁SOD基因为靶标基因,通过喂食白蚁SOD siRNA沉默SOD基因,削弱白蚁SOD酶的抗氧化活性,从而提高生防菌对白蚁的杀灭效果。
目前,RNAi结合生防菌协同防治有害昆虫(例如鳞翅目、同翅目和蜚蠊目等有害昆虫)的方法受到研究者的广泛关注。然而,在白蚁防治中,大部分RNAi农药停留在分子较大、效率较低的dsRNA上,造成白蚁RNAi成本高、效率低,制约白蚁RNAi农药的发展。此外,几乎所有白蚁生防菌研究主要集中在金龟子绿僵菌上,关于RNAi协同其他生防菌的研究较少。鉴于此,本发明拟在dsRNA的基础上,将其消化成更小,更易被吸收,干扰效率更高的siRNA。同时,除了绿僵菌,本发明还拟在其他生防菌效果上寻求突破。结果表明,本发明SOD siRNA比SOD dsRNA具有更高的干扰效率。同时SOD siRNA具有较为广泛的增效作用,对绿僵菌、白僵菌和拟青霉均具有增效作用。其中,SOD siRNA结合白僵菌具有更高的致死白蚁效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供靶标基因SOD以及SOD siRNA在白蚁生物防治中的应用:通过削弱白蚁抗氧化能力提高生防菌的杀虫效果。
本发明SOD siRNA的设计来源于白蚁体内一种关键抗氧化基因,超氧化物歧化酶基因(SOD),DNA序列来源于黑胸散白蚁转录组数据库,为SEQ 1。通过SEQ ID NO:1设计上游引物SEQ ID NO:2和下游引物SEQ ID NO:3,以白蚁cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增、TA克隆或者平末端克隆、挑菌检测和质粒回收,获得含有目的基因SOD片段的纯净质粒,含有目的基因SOD片段长度为648 bp,DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
通过SEQ ID NO:4设计含“转录增强子”和“T7启动子”的特异性引物,上游引物为SEQ ID NO:5,下游引物为SEQ ID NO:6,以含有目的基因SOD片段的纯净质粒为模板进行PCR扩增,通过醋酸钠结合无水乙醇的方法浓缩SOD dsRNA模板,模板长度581 bp,DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:7所示。
SOD dsRNA模板通过体外转录系统获得SOD dsRNA,通过醋酸钠结合无水乙醇的方法浓缩SOD dsRNA,产物长度529 bp,RNA序列如SEQ ID NO:8所示。
SOD dsRNA通过RNase III消化得到SOD siRNA。
基于上述基因序列和方法,本发明还提供一种含双链核酸SOD siRNA的防治白蚁的产品。
一种含双链核酸SOD siRNA为活性成分的防治白蚁的产品。
双链核酸SOD siRNA协同生防菌制备得到的防治白蚁的产品,所述的生防真菌包括绿僵菌、白僵菌或拟青霉中的一种或多种。
一种防治白蚁的方法,包含所述的双链核酸SOD siRNA,步骤如下:
(1)将双链核酸SOD siRNA与白蚁食物混合,放入白蚁群体中供白蚁取食,得到取食SOD siRNA的白蚁;
(2)利用质量浓度是0.1-2 % Tween 80溶液收集生防真菌孢子,制备生防菌孢子悬浮液;
(3)利用生防真菌孢子悬浮液感染取食SOD siRNA的白蚁,进而防治白蚁。
白蚁食物包括纸片、木块、木屑、或木粉的含纤维素的物质,SOD siRNA与白蚁食物混合方式为浸润、涂抹、或注入的混合方法。
所述的生防菌包括绿僵菌、白僵菌、或拟青霉中的一种或多种。
本发明通过上述合成的SOD siRNA对黑胸散白蚁的干扰效果进行监测:将含有SODsiRNA或GFP siRNA的溶液浸湿滤纸片,随后放入饲养白蚁的培养皿中供白蚁取食。取食1 d后,对培养皿中白蚁进行RT-qPCR检测。取食SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食等量GFPsiRNA的白蚁为对照组。结果表明,与对照组比较,取食1 d SOD siRNA的处理组白蚁体内SOD基因表达量显著降低。
本发明通过上述合成的SOD siRNA对黒胸散白蚁体内酶活的抑制效果进行检测:将SOD siRNA溶液浸湿滤纸片,随后放入饲养白蚁的培养皿中供白蚁取食。取食1 d后,作为处理组;将等量GFP siRNA溶液浸湿滤纸片,随后放入饲养白蚁的培养皿中供白蚁取食。取食1 d后,作为对照组。放入液氮中进行研磨,离心取上清液。利用SOD酶活试剂盒检测发现,与对照组比较,取食SOD siRNA的染菌白蚁体内SOD酶活性显著降低。
本发明通过上述合成的SOD siRNA对3种生防菌的增效作用进行检测:将SODsiRNA溶液浸湿滤纸片,随后放入饲养白蚁的培养皿中供白蚁取食。取食1 d后,作为处理组;将等量GFP siRNA溶液浸湿滤纸片,随后放入饲养白蚁的培养皿中供白蚁取食。取食1 d后,作为对照组。分别利用金龟子绿僵菌、球孢白僵菌和淡紫拟青霉对处理组和对照组白蚁进行感染,并对上述处理组和对照组组内染菌白蚁每天的死亡个数进行统计,记录时间为10 d。结果显示,3种处理组染菌白蚁死亡率均显著高于其对照组染菌白蚁死亡率。由此可见,SOD siRNA显著提高了3种生防菌对白蚁的防治效果。
本发明有以下4个明显的优点:1.获得黑胸散白蚁SOD基因的DNA序列,设计SODsiRNA,能够专一靶向目标白蚁以及近缘种白蚁,减少对非靶标生物的影响;2.与传统RNAi方法中的dsRNA相比,siRNA具有更高的干扰效率,基因沉默效果更高;3.SOD siRNA属于一种双链RNA,制备方法简单,专一性强,对环境友好,能够通过喂食的简单操作方式削弱白蚁抗氧化能力,协同生防菌杀灭白蚁效果理想,具有良好的研究和应用前景。4. SOD siRNA能够与多种生防菌结合使用,例如绿僵菌、白僵菌和拟青霉,适用范围广。
附图说明
图1:SOD dsRNA与SOD siRNA,GFP dsRNA与GFP siRNA的凝胶电泳图。条带1为GFPdsRNA;条带2为GFP siRNA;条带3为SOD dsRNA;条带4为SOD siRNA。
图2:白蚁分别取食20 μg SOD dsRNA和20 μg SOD siRNA 1 d后体内SOD基因表达量的变化。取食SOD dsRNA或SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食GFP dsRNA或GFP siRNA的白蚁为对照组;由图可知,与各自对照组相比,取食SOD dsRNA的白蚁体内SOD基因表达无显著变化,但取食等量SOD siRNA的白蚁体内SOD基因表达显著降低;柱形图为平均值±标准误,*表示P < 0.05;n.s.表示无显著差异。
图3:白蚁取食20 μg SOD siRNA 1 d后体内SOD酶活性的变化。取食SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食GFP siRNA的白蚁为对照组;由图可知,与对照组相比,取食SOD siRNA的白蚁体内SOD酶活性显著降低;柱形图为平均值±标准误,**表示P < 0.01。
图4:3种生防真菌培养及其杀蚁效果图。A、B表示金龟子绿僵菌培养及其杀蚁效果图;C、D表示球孢白僵菌培养及其杀蚁效果图;E、F表示淡紫拟青霉培养及其杀蚁效果图。
图5:SOD siRNA对金龟子绿僵菌杀蚁效果的增效作用。取食SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食GFP siRNA的白蚁为对照组;**表示P< 0.01。
图6:SOD siRNA对球孢白僵菌杀蚁效果的增效作用。取食SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食GFP siRNA的白蚁为对照组;**表示P< 0.01。
图7:SOD siRNA对淡紫拟青霉杀蚁效果的增效作用。取食SOD siRNA的白蚁为处理组,取食GFP siRNA的白蚁为对照组;**表示P< 0.01。
具体实施方式
实施例1:SOD siRNA的制备过程
1. 提取黑胸散白蚁体内总RNA,通过反转录获得白蚁cDNA库。
2. 以白蚁cDNA为模板,利用SOD基因特异性引物SEQ ID NO:3(上游引物:5’-AACATT GCC CGC GCA TAA CC-3’)和SEQ ID NO:4(下游引物:5’-TCA TCT TCA ATG CGG GTCAG-3’),通过PCR扩增获得SOD基因片段,随后通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离、纯化SOD基因片段,其DNA序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
3. 通过TA克隆将SOD基因片段插入到PMD-18T质粒中,随后将含有目的基因SOD片段的质粒转入到DH5α感受态细胞中,在摇床中37℃ 200 rpm培养1 h。
4. 取上述转化后的感受态细胞菌液,在氨苄抗性培养基中均匀涂抹,37℃培养24h。
5. 挑取单个菌斑到氨苄抗性新培养基中,37℃培养培养4 h,随后进行菌液PCR,进行凝胶电泳,最后选取含目的基因SOD片段的菌液进行PCR,并进行扩大培养。
6. 25℃ 4000 rpm离心扩大培养的菌液,浓缩,随后用质粒回收试剂盒提取质粒,获得含目的基因SOD片段的质粒,-20℃冻存待用。获得含有目的基因SOD片段的纯净质粒。
4. 以上述质粒为模板,利用含有“转录增强子”和“T7启动子”的SOD片段特异性引物SEQ ID NO:6(上游引物:5’-GAT CAC TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GGA ACA TTG CCC GCGCAT AAC C-3’)和SEQ ID NO:7(下游引物:5’-GAT CAC TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GGTCAT GCA CCA CAA AAG CAC G-3’),通过PCR扩增得到SOD dsRNA模板。收集SOD dsRNA模板的PCR反应体系,加水到300 μL。随后加入30 μL的醋酸钠溶液和300 μL的酚/氯仿/异戊醇(体积比25:24:1)溶液,13200 rpm离心15 min,取上清液。再加2倍体积的无水乙醇,-20℃过夜后,13200 rpm离心10 min,弃上清液。最后75%酒精洗涤沉淀,干燥,溶解沉淀,从而获得了高浓度的SOD dsRNA模板。
5. 利用上述SOD dsRNA模板和T7体外转录系统获得SOD dsRNA。收集反应体系,加无酶水到300 μL。随后加入30 μL的醋酸钠、300 μL的水饱和酚和60 μL的氯仿/异戊醇(体积比50:1)溶液,13200 rpm离心15 min,取上清液。再加2倍体积的无水乙醇,-20℃过夜后,13200 rpm离心10分钟,弃上清液。最后75%酒精洗涤沉淀,干燥,溶解沉淀,从而获得SODdsRNA。
6. 利用核糖核酸酶3消化SOD dsRNA为SOD siRNA(图1)。
实施例2:检测SOD siRNA对黑胸散白蚁SOD基因的影响
分别将20 μg上述SOD dsRNA或SOD siRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食,作为处理组。分别将等量GFP dsRNA或GFPsiRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食,作为对照。喂食1天后,提取白蚁总RNA,通过RT-qPCR检测不同处理白蚁体内SOD基因表达量。实验重复6次,利用Wilcoxon test分析差异性。结果如图2所示,与各自对照组相比,SODdsRNA处理组白蚁体内SOD基因表达量无显著变化(图2A,p = 0.249),但SOD siRNA处理组白蚁体内SOD基因表达量显著降低41.4%(图2B,P < 0.05),表明SOD siRNA能够更好的抑制白蚁体内SOD基因的表达。
实施例3:检测SOD siRNA对黑胸散白蚁SOD抗氧化活性的影响
将20 μg上述SOD siRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食1 d。将等量GFP siRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食1 d,作为对照组。提取白蚁组织液,-20℃冰箱冻存待用。利用SOD酶活检测试剂盒检测不同处理组白蚁体内SOD酶活性,实验重复6次,利用配对T测验分析差异性。结果如图3所示,与对照组相比,处理组白蚁体内SOD酶活性显著降低38.1%(P < 0.01),表明SOD siRNA能够抑制染菌白蚁抵抗氧化损伤的能力。
实施例4:检测SOD siRNA对金龟子绿僵菌杀蚁效果的影响
利用马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)培养金龟子绿僵菌(图4A),培养2周后,用1%Tween 80溶液收集金龟子绿僵菌孢子,制备孢子悬浮液,4℃冰箱保存待用。孢子悬浮液浓度为106个孢子/mL。
将20 μg上述SOD siRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食1 d,随后用上述绿僵菌孢子悬浮液喷涂黑胸散白蚁体表,作为处理组。将等量GFP siRNA湿润直径1.5 cm的圆形滤纸片,放入直径3.5 cm的培养皿中,供9头黑胸散白蚁取食1 d,随后用等量绿僵菌孢子悬浮液喷涂黑胸散白蚁体表,作为对照组。每天记录染菌白蚁死亡个体数量并及时移除死亡个体。实验重复4次,利用Kaplan-Meier方法分析数据差异性。结果如图4B、图5所示,与对照组染菌白蚁相比[LT50: 7.936 (7.241-8.873)],处理组染菌白蚁死亡率[LT50: 4.318 (2.951-5.369)]显著上升(P < 0.01),表明SOD siRNA能够显著提高金龟子绿僵菌杀灭白蚁的效果。
实施例5:检测SOD siRNA对球孢白僵菌杀蚁效果的影响
方法步骤同实施例4,仅金龟子绿僵菌替换为球孢白僵菌(图4C),则,结果如图4D、图6所示,与对照组染菌白蚁死亡率[LT50: 4.828 (4.192-5.346)]相比,处理组白蚁染菌白蚁死亡率[LT50: 2.177 (1.928-2.418)]显著上升(P < 0.01),表明SOD siRNA能够显著提高球孢白僵菌杀灭白蚁的效果。
实施例6:检测SOD siRNA对淡紫拟青霉杀蚁效果的影响
方法步骤同实施例4,仅金龟子绿僵菌替换为淡紫拟青霉(图4E),则,结果如图4E、图7所示,与对照组染菌白蚁死亡率[LT50: 6.575 (5.274-8.784)]相比,处理组白蚁染菌白蚁死亡率[LT50: 4.103 (3.153-5.262)]显著上升(P < 0.01),表明SOD siRNA能够显著提高淡紫拟青霉杀灭白蚁的效果。
综上表明,SOD siRNA具有较为广泛的增效作用:对绿僵菌、白僵菌和拟青霉均具有较高的增效作用。其中,与“SOD siRNA+绿僵菌”([LT50: 4.318 (2.951-5.369)])、“SOD siRNA+拟青霉”([LT50: 4.103 (3.153-5.262)])组合相比,“SOD siRNA+白僵菌”([LT50:2.177 (1.928-2.418)])组合的半致死时间最短,具有最高杀蚁效率。
Claims (10)
1.SOD基因,即超氧化物歧化酶基因,其特征在于,SOD 的DNA序列来源于黑胸散白蚁转录组数据库,DNA序列为SEQ ID NO:1。
2.一种质粒,包含SOD基因片段的质粒,其特征在于,DNA序列为SEQ ID NO:4。
3.一种SOD dsRNA模板,其特征在于,SOD dsRNA模板的DNA序列为SEQ ID NO:7。
4.一种双链核酸SOD dsRNA,其特征在于,双链核酸SOD dsRNA,RNA序列为SEQ ID NO:8。
5.一种双链核酸SOD siRNA,其特征在于,采用权利要求4所述的双链核酸SOD dsRNA通过RNase III消化获得SOD siRNA。
6.一种含双链核酸SOD siRNA的防治白蚁的产品。
7.一种含权利要求6所述的双链核酸SOD siRNA为活性成分的防治白蚁的产品。
8.权利要求7所述的产品,其特征在于,双链核酸SOD siRNA协同生防真菌制备得到的防治白蚁的产品,所述的生防菌包括绿僵菌、白僵菌、或拟青霉中的一种或多种。
9.一种防治白蚁的方法,包含权利要求6-8任一项所述的双链核酸SOD siRNA,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将双链核酸SOD siRNA与白蚁食物混合,放入白蚁群体中供白蚁取食,得到取食SODsiRNA的白蚁;
(2)利用质量浓度是0.1-2 % Tween 80溶液收集生防菌孢子,制备生防真菌孢子悬浮液;
(3)利用生防真菌孢子悬浮液感染取食SOD siRNA的白蚁,进而防治白蚁。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防治白蚁的方法,其特征在于,白蚁食物包括纸片、木块、木屑、或木粉的含纤维素的物质,SOD siRNA与白蚁食物混合方式为浸润、涂抹、或注入的混合方法,所述的生防菌包括绿僵菌、白僵菌或拟青霉中的一种或多种。
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