CN116219805A - A dynamic shock-absorbing damper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and in particular relates to a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper, which includes a resonance structure, at least one vibration-absorption structure, and an elastic damping body for filling the gap between the substrate and the resonance plate. The resonance structure The component includes a rigid support and a substrate and a resonant plate that are rigidly fixed on both sides of the rigid support; one end of the vibration-absorbing structure is rigidly connected to the rigid support to form a cantilever structure, and the stiffness and mass gradient of the vibration-absorbing structure along its length direction changes , the vibration-absorbing structural member with smaller stiffness and mass is more easily deformed, thereby increasing the overall vibration-absorbing quality, avoiding the problem of insufficient vibration-absorbing quality due to local deformation of the cantilever beam with a single stiffness design in the prior art, and broadening the scope of the dynamic vibration-absorbing structure. The vibration-absorbing frequency band of the type damper can meet the vibration and noise reduction requirements of different track lines.

Description

A dynamic shock-absorbing damper

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and in particular relates to a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper.

Background technique

With the promulgation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations on rail transit noise pollution control, the environmental noise pollution problem of urban rail transit has become increasingly prominent, which not only affects the life experience of residents around the line, but also has irreversible physical and mental effects on passengers exposed to the noise environment in the vehicle for a long time The harm of the existing line noise control is urgent. Studies have shown that in the rail traffic noise generated by train operation on existing lines, the proportion of rail radiation noise to the total line noise is particularly obvious. Noise and vibration are closely related, and the radiation noise of the rail is usually accompanied by the vibration of the rail, which is linearly correlated in the frequency range of 500-2500Hz. Therefore, the control measures of rail vibration and noise can not only control the vibration of the rail, but also control its radiation noise to a certain extent. If a noise reduction device or special material is installed on the rail, the purpose of reducing the noise radiation level of the rail can be achieved by suppressing the energy of the rail vibration and noise source.

At present, rail noise control measures mainly include adding restraint damping structures at rail webs and rail bottoms and installing rail dynamic vibration absorbers.

The existing constrained damping structure is a structure in which the damping material is bonded to the rail, and the resonant plate is bonded to the outside of the damping material. Although the constrained damping structure has an outstanding high-frequency noise reduction effect, due to the high rigidity of the rail, the constrained damping structure provides Damping mostly has a good vibration and noise reduction effect on the high-frequency band above 2000 Hz. However, the rail vibration energy is mainly concentrated in 200-1500 Hz. The rail bonding performance is poor. Once the bonding fails, the noise reduction structure may fall off, which will not only lose the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction, but also bring safety hazards to train operation;

The existing rail dynamic vibration absorber is composed of multiple layers of flat plate structures with similar dimensions. The flat plate structure includes rigid flat plates, damping flat plates and vibration-absorbing flat plates. The vibration-absorbing mass and elastic elements are single, resulting in a single vibration-absorbing frequency. In the line, there are many modal frequencies of the rail system, and the vibration and noise reduction effect of a single resonant mass is limited; the existing rail dynamic vibration absorber directly contacts the rail waist or rail bottom surface with a high damping rubber sheet, causing rail vibration It cannot be directly transmitted to the steel plate, and the vibration absorption effect it can achieve is limited.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper with a wide vibration-absorbing frequency band, which can meet the vibration and noise reduction requirements of different track lines and improve the vibration and noise reduction effect.

Based on the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper, comprising:

A resonance structure, the resonance structure includes a rigid support and a base plate and a resonance plate rigidly fixed on both sides of the rigid support;

At least one vibration-absorbing structural member located between the base plate and the resonant plate, one end of the vibration-absorbing structural member is rigidly connected to the rigid support to form a cantilever structure, and the stiffness and mass gradient of the vibration-absorbing structural member varies along its length direction; and

Elastic damping body used to fill the gap between the base plate and the resonance plate.

Optionally, the vibration-absorbing structural member includes at least one flexible cantilever and at least one rigid cantilever, and the flexible cantilever and the rigid cantilever are connected end to end.

Optionally, the vibration-absorbing structure further includes at least one elastic element and at least one mass element, the elastic element and the mass element are connected end to end, and one end of the elastic element is connected to a rigid cantilever.

Optionally, the thickness of the elastic element is smaller than the thickness of the mass element and/or the width of the elastic element is smaller than the width of the mass element.

Optionally, several vibration-absorbing structural members are arranged on both sides of the rigid support.

Optionally, the number of vibration-absorbing structural members on both sides of the rigid support is equal.

Optionally, at least two vibration-absorbing structural members are combined in series or in parallel on both sides or one side of the rigid support.

Optionally, at least two of the vibration-absorbing structural members are combined in series on one side of the rigid support, and at least two of the vibration-absorbing structural members are combined in parallel on the other side.

Optionally, both the resonant structural member and the vibration-absorbing structural member are made of metal, and are formed into an integral metal bracket by welding or integral casting.

Optionally, the base plate and the vibration generating body are welded or connected by bolts and/or installation fixtures.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the shock-absorbing structural member 1 and/or the shock-absorbing structural member 2 of the dynamic shock-absorbing damper provided by the present invention are equivalent to being embedded in an elastic damping body, and the shock-absorbing structural member can be part of the rigidity and quality close to the rigid support Smaller, similar to shrapnel, the part far away from the rigid support has greater stiffness and mass, so that each vibration-absorbing structural member and elastic damping body constitute a "mass-spring-damping" dynamic vibration-absorbing sub-system. The vibration-absorbing structural member stiffness and mass Smaller parts are more easily deformed, thereby increasing the overall vibration-absorbing quality, avoiding the problem of insufficient vibration-absorbing quality caused by local deformation of the cantilever beam with single stiffness design in the prior art, and widening the vibration-absorbing frequency band of the dynamic vibration-absorbing damper, thereby Meet the vibration and noise reduction requirements of different track lines;

The resonance structure can be directly rigidly connected with the rail web or the bottom of the rail, and then the vibration can be more directly transmitted to each vibration-absorbing structure and elastic damping body, so as to give full play to the vibration-absorbing performance of each vibration-absorbing body and greatly increase the energy transfer of the damper Consumption efficiency improves the rail vibration and noise reduction effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a shock-absorbing structural member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2 provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another vibration-absorbing structural member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the series scheme of the vibration-absorbing structural members provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the parallel connection scheme of vibration-absorbing structural members provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the series and parallel combination structure of the vibration-absorbing structural members provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper provided by an embodiment of the present invention installed on a rail;

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 8 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a front view of a diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 10, resonance structure; 101, rigid support; 102, substrate; 103, resonance plate; 20, vibration-absorbing structure; 201, flexible cantilever; 202, rigid cantilever; 203, elastic element; 204, mass element; 30. Elastic damping body; 40. Installation fixture; 50. Sleeper.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention provides a dynamic vibration-absorbing damper, which is used for vibration reduction and noise reduction of the vibration generating body. At least one vibration-absorbing structure 20 between the plates 103 and an elastic damping body 30 for filling the gap between the substrate 102 and the resonance plate 103; the resonance structure 10 includes a rigid support 101 and is rigidly fixed on both sides of the rigid support 101 respectively The base plate 102 and the resonant plate 103; one end of the vibration-absorbing structure 20 is rigidly connected with the rigid support 101 to form a cantilever structure, and the stiffness and mass gradient of the vibration-absorbing structure 20 along its length direction changes.

Compared with the prior art, the vibration-absorbing structure 20 of the dynamic vibration-absorbing damper provided by the embodiment of the present invention is equivalent to being embedded in the elastic damping body 30, and the vibration is transmitted to the resonance plate 103 and the vibration-absorbing structure through the base plate 102 and the rigid support plate. 20 and other components, causing the above-mentioned dynamic absorbing vibrator system to resonate near its modal frequency, absorbing the vibration energy of the vibration generating body near its modal frequency, thereby achieving the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction; on the other hand, the vibration generating body When deformation occurs due to vibration, the base plate 102 and the resonance plate 103 on both sides of the elastic damping body 30 are driven to move relative to each other, forming periodic shear strain in the elastic damping body 30, converting mechanical energy into thermal energy and dissipating the vibration energy, thereby suppressing the vibration of the rail , significantly reduce the vibration and noise radiation of the rail. The vibration-absorbing structure 20 can have a smaller rigidity and mass near the rigid support 101, similar to a shrapnel, and a larger rigidity and mass far away from the rigid support 101, so that each vibration-absorbing structure Both the member 20 and the elastic damping body 30 constitute a "mass-spring-damping" dynamic vibration-absorbing sub-system. The vibration-absorbing structural member 20 has a smaller stiffness and mass and is more easily deformed, thereby increasing the overall vibration-absorbing quality and avoiding the single stiffness design in the prior art. Due to the local deformation of the cantilever beam, the problem of insufficient vibration-absorbing mass has broadened the vibration-absorbing frequency band of the dynamic vibration-absorbing damper, thereby meeting the vibration and noise reduction requirements of different track lines;

The resonance structure 10 can be directly rigidly connected to the rail web or the bottom of the rail, and then the vibration can be more directly transmitted to each vibration-absorbing structure 20 and the elastic damping body 30, so as to fully exert the vibration-absorbing performance of each vibration-absorbing body and greatly increase the damping The efficiency of energy transfer and consumption of the device is improved, and the effect of rail vibration and noise reduction is improved.

In this embodiment, the vibration-absorbing structure 20 includes at least one flexible cantilever 201 and at least one rigid cantilever 202, and the flexible cantilever 201 and the rigid cantilever 202 are connected end to end; the flexible cantilever 201 and the rigid cantilever 202 are required to have certain bending stiffness and strength, and the The elastic modulus of the cantilever 201 is lower than the elastic modulus of the rigid cantilever 202, forming a variable stiffness dynamic shock absorbing mechanism as a whole, forming a structure in which the stiffness and mass of the shock absorbing structural member 20 undergo gradient changes, especially the flexible cantilever 201 at the cantilever end of the shock absorbing structural member 20 The low stiffness design makes the vibration-absorbing mass part more easily deformed at the cantilever end, increases the overall vibration-absorbing mass, improves the damping effect of the elastic damping body 30, and then improves the vibration attenuation capacity of the overall structure.

In this embodiment, referring to FIG. 4 , the shock-absorbing structural member 20 also includes at least one elastic element 203 and at least one mass element 204, the elastic element 203 and the mass element 204 are connected end to end, and one end of the elastic element 203 is connected to the rigid cantilever 202, and the elastic The element 203 and the mass element 204 are multi-layer structures, the number of layers of which is the same as that of the rigid cantilever 202. The flexible cantilever 201, the rigid cantilever 202, the elastic element 203 and the mass element 204 make the vibration-absorbing structure 20 jointly constitute a multi-stage vibration-absorbing mechanism, increasing the overall The vibration-absorbing frequency of the vibration-absorbing mechanism widens the frequency band required for vibration and noise reduction. The mass element 204 is the vibration-absorbing part of the vibration-absorbing structure 20, which is generally treated as a rigid structure (only considering the size of the mass), and has the characteristics of high rigidity and large mass. When the natural frequency of the vibration-absorbing structural member 20 is consistent with the modal frequency of the vibration-absorbing mechanism, the vibration of the mass element 204 can transfer vibration energy, and at the same time combined with the damping energy dissipation of the elastic element 203 and/or the elastic damping body 30, Achieve vibration and noise reduction.

Specifically, please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, one end of a flexible cantilever 201 away from the rigid support 101 can be fixedly connected to 2, 3 or more than 3 rigid cantilevers 202 that are equally spaced up and down and distributed in parallel, and the flexible cantilever 201 can be Located at the symmetry line of multiple rigid cantilevers 202, or at any position from the symmetry line to the edge of multiple rigid cantilevers 202, the end of each rigid cantilever 202 away from the flexible cantilever 201 is sequentially fixedly connected to the elastic element 203 and the mass element 204, according to The vibration and noise characteristics of the vibration generating body determine the specific quantity ratio and distribution form of the flexible cantilever 201 and the rigid cantilever 202; the thickness of the elastic element 203 is less than the thickness of the mass element 204 and/or the width of the elastic element 203 is less than the width of the mass element 204, so, The elastic element 203 can be subjected to the vibration transmitted by the rigid cantilever 202, so that it is easier to deform and fluctuate, and at the same time, the rigidity and mass of the mass element 204 are greater, so that the vibration energy can be consumed faster.

In this embodiment, several vibration-absorbing structural members 20 are arranged on both sides of the rigid support 101; specifically, according to the characteristics of the vibration and noise of the vibration-generating body, the specific quantity ratio and distribution form of the vibration-absorbing structural members 20 on both sides of the rigid support 101 have been determined. For better vibration and noise reduction effects, preferably, the number of vibration-absorbing structural members 20 on both sides of the rigid support 101 is equal, and in some cases, the number of vibration-absorbing structural members 20 on both sides of the rigid support 101 may not be equal.

Further, at least two vibration-absorbing structural members 20 are combined in series or in parallel on both sides or one side of the rigid support 101 to form different noise reduction design schemes, which can generate more resonance frequencies and wider vibration and noise reduction frequency bands Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the vibration-absorbing structure 20 is a series structure scheme, and the vibration-absorbing structure 20 near the rigid support 101 contains 3 layers of rigid cantilever 202, and the tail end of the rigid cantilever 202 in the middle layer is rigidly connected to another The vibration-absorbing structural member 20 can be set as two-layer, three-layer or multi-layer rigid cantilever 202 according to the required vibration-absorbing frequency and actual size restrictions; The flexible cantilever 201 of 20 is rigidly connected to the rigid support member 101 in parallel up and down, and the elastic damping body 30 is filled in the middle of the two flexible cantilevers 201. The length of the flexible cantilever 201 of the lower shock-absorbing structural member 20 is greater than the overall length of the upper shock-absorbing structural member 20. The upper vibration-absorbing structure 20 is arranged between the flexible cantilever 201 of the lower vibration-absorbing structure 20 and the resonance plate 103, which is more conducive to vibration and noise reduction. By connecting the vibration-absorbing structural members 20 in series or in parallel, the modal density of the damper can be further increased, so as to achieve multi-frequency, wide-bandwidth vibration and noise reduction effects.

In addition, please refer to Fig. 7, the two sides of resonance plate 103 also can adopt two kinds of vibration-absorbing structural members 20 of different structural forms, one side of rigid support 101 has at least two described vibration-absorbing structural members 20 combined in series, and the other side has at least two vibration-absorbing structural members 20. The two vibration-absorbing structural members 20 are combined in parallel, for example, two or more shock-absorbing structural members 20 are connected in series on one side, and two or more vibration-absorbing structural members 20 are connected in parallel on the other side.

In this embodiment, the elastic damping body 30 has a multi-layer structure, and the resonant plates 103 have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. If the resonant plates 103 have a multi-layer structure, rigid supports are provided between adjacent two resonant plates 103. 101 and the vibration-absorbing structural member 20, the number of layers and the thickness of the elastic damping body 30 and the resonant plate 103 are determined by the required vibration-absorbing frequency, the structural size of the vibration-absorbing structural member 20 and the size of the rail installation space, and the overall structural size does not affect driving safety. Designed under the premise of easy installation, the resonant plate 103, the vibration-absorbing structural member 20 and the elastic damping body 30 together constitute a multi-layer dynamic vibration-absorbing mechanism, which has rich modal density.

In this embodiment, both the resonant structure 10 and the vibration-absorbing structure 20 are made of metal, and are welded or integrally cast to form an integral metal bracket. The resonant plate 103 can be provided with or without through holes according to the installation method. The damping body 30 is embedded in the cavity formed by the overall metal bracket and/or the elastic damping body 30 is distributed on the outer surface of the overall metal bracket, and is bonded and fixed with each metal plate through high-temperature vulcanization or molding, thereby jointly forming the present invention. The dynamic shock-absorbing damper described above.

Please refer to Fig. 8-Fig. 10, the way of installing the dynamic vibration-absorbing damper on the rail: the base plate 102 is welded with the vibration generating body or connected by bolts and/or installation fixtures 40, specifically, the cantilever direction of the vibration-absorbing structural member 20 is along the rail Arranged in the length direction, according to the working direction of the damper, it is divided into a transverse dynamic vibration-absorbing damper and a vertical dynamic vibration-absorbing damper. The two transverse dynamic vibration-absorbing dampers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rail web, and the two vertical dynamic The vibration-absorbing rail damper is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the rail; the transverse dynamic vibration-absorbing damper and the vertical dynamic vibration-absorbing damper are arranged in the middle of two adjacent sleepers 50, and the base plate 102 is fixed to the rail in three ways: a . The installation fixture 40 is fixed to the rail. The installation fixture 40 is designed according to the cross section of the rail-damper system. It is necessary to ensure that the installation fixture 40 is closely attached to the rail-damper system. At the same time, the installation fixture 40 is fixed at the position of the rail damper Near the rigid support 101, to ensure the damping effect; b, fixed on both sides of the rail waist and the bottom of the rail by adhesive, and fixed with the installation fixture 40 proposed in the first installation scheme mentioned above; c, on the rigid support Mounting holes are provided at both ends of the piece 101, and the aforementioned vertical dynamic vibration-absorbing damper is installed on the bottom of the rail through screws, and the horizontal dynamic vibration-absorbing damper and the vertical dynamic vibration-absorbing The rail damper is fixed on the rail together to ensure the reliability of the product and not affect the driving safety of the railway vehicle.

When railway vehicles run on the rails, strong vibrations are generated due to surface roughness and uneven wheel and rail treads, which excite the natural modes of the rails and generate severe vibrations. On the one hand, the vibration of the rail is transmitted to the resonant plate 103, the vibration-absorbing structural member 20 and other components through the base plate 102 and the rigid support plate, causing the above-mentioned dynamic vibration-absorbing sub-system to resonate near its modal frequency, and absorbing the vibration of the rail system near its modal frequency. vibration energy, so as to achieve the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction; on the other hand, when the rail deforms due to vibration, it drives the metal parts on both sides of the elastic damping body 30 to move relative to each other, forming a periodic shear strain in the elastic damping body 30, and the mechanical energy It is converted into heat energy and dissipates the vibration energy, thereby suppressing the vibration of the rail and significantly reducing the vibration and noise radiation of the rail.

In this embodiment, vibration absorption: refers to the use of the resonance system to absorb the vibration energy of the object to reduce the vibration of the object; the constrained damping structure: the viscoelastic damping material is bonded to the body metal plate and the constrained layer with higher rigidity (usually metal between plates), when the structure is bent and deformed, the metal plate of the body and the constrained layer produce relative sliding motion, and the viscoelastic damping material produces shear strain to make a part of the mechanical energy loss structure; mode: refers to the inherent characteristics of the structural system, Including natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape, when the vibration excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the system, modal resonance will occur.

Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any of the above embodiments is exemplary only, and is not intended to imply that the protection scope of the present application is limited to these examples; Combinations between technical features are also possible, steps may be performed in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of one or more embodiments of the application as described above, which are not presented in detail for the sake of brevity.

One or more embodiments herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments in the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A dynamic vibration absorber, comprising:

the resonance structural member (10), the resonance structural member (10) comprises a rigid supporting member (101), and a base plate (102) and a resonance plate (103) which are respectively and rigidly fixed on two sides of the rigid supporting member (101);

the vibration absorbing structure (20) is positioned between the base plate (102) and the resonance plate (103), one end of the vibration absorbing structure (20) is rigidly connected with the rigid support (101) to form a cantilever structure, and the rigidity and the mass gradient of the vibration absorbing structure (20) change along the length direction of the vibration absorbing structure; and

an elastic damper (30) for filling the gap between the substrate (102) and the resonance plate (103).

2. The dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, wherein the vibration absorbing structure (20) comprises at least one flexible cantilever (201) and at least one rigid cantilever (202), the flexible cantilever (201) and the rigid cantilever (202) being connected end to end.

3. The dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 2, wherein the vibration absorbing structure (20) further comprises at least one elastic element (203) and at least one mass element (204), the elastic element (203) and the mass element (204) being connected end to end, one end of the elastic element (203) being connected to the rigid cantilever (202).

4. A dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of the elastic element (203) is smaller than the thickness of the mass element (204) and/or the width of the elastic element (203) is smaller than the width of the mass element (204).

5. Dynamic vibration absorber according to any of claims 1-4, wherein several of said vibration absorbing structures (20) are arranged on both sides of the rigid support (101).

6. The dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 5, wherein the number of shock absorbing structures (20) on both sides of the rigid support member (101) is equal.

7. The dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 6, wherein at least two of the vibration absorbing structures (20) are combined in series or in parallel on both sides or on one side of the rigid support member (101).

8. The dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 6, wherein at least two of said vibration absorbing structures (20) are combined in series on one side of said rigid support member (101) and at least two of said vibration absorbing structures (20) are combined in parallel on the other side.

9. The dynamic vibration absorber according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the resonance structural member (10) and the vibration absorbing structural member (20) are both made of metal and are formed as one integral metal bracket by welding or integral casting.

10. Dynamic vibration absorber according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the base plate (102) is welded to the vibration generator or connected by bolts and/or mounting clamps (40).

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