CN116210516A - Rejuvenation updating method of coffee aged tree and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rejuvenation updating method of coffee aged trees and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of rejuvenation updating of declined trees. The invention keeps a trunk of the aged coffee tree and 3-4 pairs of first-stage straight branches at the bottom, and the rest parts are cut off directly; removing the top of the remained straight branches, and trimming to generate more main fruiting branches so as to ensure the yield of the cut coffee cherries; and (3) keeping two opposite buds after the buds are sent out from the stem cutting position, directly wiping the rest buds, and pruning the first-stage straight branches left during stem cutting normally to ensure the yield. The acre yield of the old coffee tree is only 90 kg generally, but after the method is used, the risk of influencing the yield can be reduced to zero, the acre yield in the first year can reach 100 kg, the acre yield in the second year can reach 120 kg, the acre yield in the third year can reach 130 kg, the high yield in the fourth year can reach 160 kg, the blank period does not exist in the middle, the yield can be increased, the income can be created, and the income of the coffee farmers is greatly improved.

Description

A method for rejuvenating and renewing old coffee trees and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rejuvenation and renewal of declining trees, and in particular relates to a method for rejuvenation and renewal of old coffee trees and its application.

Background technique

Coffee tree is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree of Rubiaceae. It generally takes 3-5 years for coffee trees to grow from the seedlings to the beginning of flowering and fruiting. Depending on the tree species and regions, the age of coffee trees is generally 10-20 years, and the peak production period is in the 6th to 10th years. will gradually decrease, and the harm of diseases and insect pests will increase year by year. The conventional way to solve this problem is to dig out the tree in time when it is about 10 years old according to the symptoms of pests and diseases, or to cut off the trunk of the coffee tree at a distance of 25-30 cm from the ground, and wait for new straight trees to grow. After the branches are grown, 2-3 branches are reserved as new trunks. However, no matter whether it is seedling filling or stem cutting, the two methods are actually not ideal. One is that the labor cost will be greatly increased, and the other is that the growth cycle of the coffee tree after using these two methods is relatively long, and generally takes 2-3 years. The normal flowering and fruiting can generate economic benefits. The 2-3 years of empty production period will lead to zero coffee production and no income in the next 2-3 years. For coffee farmers, there is no doubt that they will face huge economic losses.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method of rejuvenation of old coffee trees that can guarantee a certain coffee yield and considerable coffee income during the rejuvenation process, so as to ensure the economic benefits of coffee farmers to the greatest extent.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for rejuvenating old coffee trees and its application. The present invention retains a main trunk of an old coffee tree and 3-4 pairs of first-class straight branches at the bottom, and the remaining parts are directly cut off; the remaining straight branches are removed from the top and trimmed to generate more main fruiting branches, so as to ensure the growth of the stem after cutting. Yield of coffee cherries: keep the two opposite new buds when new buds emerge from the cutting stem, and wipe off the rest directly. At the same time, the first-level straight shoots left when cutting the stem are normally pruned to ensure the yield. Generally, the yield per mu of old coffee trees is only 90 kilograms, but after using the method of the present invention, the risk of affecting the yield can be reduced to zero. The yield per mu can reach 100 kilograms in the first year, and 120 kilograms per mu in the second year. The yield per mu can reach 130 kilograms in the third year, and 160 kilograms per mu in the fourth year. Not only does there not exist a blank production period in the middle, but it can also increase production and generate income, which greatly improves the income of coffee farmers.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for rejuvenation and renewal of old coffee trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) cut off the stem and keep the branch: keep 1 main trunk and 3-4 pairs of first-level straight branches at the bottom; (2) keep new buds: cut off the stem Keep 2 opposite new shoots when the new shoots are sent out; (3) growth and recovery: the trunk in the step (1) and the first-level straight branches grow and firm normally, and the new shoots in the step (2) grow into a small amount of flowering and fruiting on the top trunk; (4 ) rejuvenation update is completed: the main trunk in step (1), the first-level straight shoots and the top trunk grown from new shoots in step (2) all grow normally and firm.

Preferably, in the step (1), except for the retained main trunk and primary straight shoots, all the remaining parts are directly cut off.

Preferably, the straight shoots retained in the step (1) are pruned using a topping pruning method.

Preferably, in the described step (2), except for the sprouts retained, all the rest are directly wiped off.

Preferably, when the step (2) is carried out, the primary straight shoots retained in the step (1) will also be normally pruned.

Preferably, the old coffee tree is an old coffee tree more than 10 years old.

The present invention also provides an application of the rejuvenation and renewal method in coffee planting.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

Adopting the method in the present invention to rejuvenate and remediate old coffee trees can reduce the risk of impact on yield to zero, because the yield of old coffee trees is not high originally, and the coffee trees can fully absorb and utilize nutrients after rejuvenating through the above method, although There are only 3-4 branches left, but the nutrients are sufficient, not only will not cause a decrease in yield, but will produce more fruit and fuller fruit. Therefore, the method of the present invention can significantly increase economic benefits while avoiding yield loss, and can also increase the economic life of coffee trees and delay the aging of coffee trees.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of staying 2 opposite new shoots after the second year sends out new shoots at the cut stem place in the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 2 is the solid photo of completing rejuvenation and renewing the coffee tree in the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 3 is the photo of the truncated and renewed old coffee tree in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for rejuvenating and updating coffee aging trees, comprising the following steps:

(1) Cut stems and keep branches: At present, more than 95% of the planted varieties in Yunnan are Catimo coffee trees, and the aging is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the old Catimo coffee trees that are more than 10 years old are selected, and one trunk and 3-4 pairs at the bottom are kept. First-level straight branches, and the rest of the stems are all directly cut off; the remaining first-level straight branches are pruned by topping and pruning methods, so that more first-level straight branches can be used as the main fruiting branches, thereby ensuring the quality of the coffee cherries after cutting the stems. Yield.

(2) Retain new shoots: keep 2 opposite new shoots when new shoots are sent out at the truncated stem in the second year, and all the rest are directly wiped off to ensure the normal growth of the retained 2 opposite new shoots; Normal pruning is performed on the first-level straight branches to ensure the yield. The schematic diagram of the remaining 2 opposite new shoots is shown in Figure 1.

(3) Growth and recovery: in the third year, the main trunk and first-level straight branches in step (1) grow and bear fruit normally, and the new buds in step (2) grow into a small amount of flowering and fruiting in the top trunk.

(4) Rejuvenation is completed: in the fourth year, the main trunk, first-level straight shoots in step (1) and the top trunk grown from new shoots in step (2) all grow and firm normally, rejuvenation is completed, and the yield increases. Figure 2 shows the fruiting map of the coffee tree after rejuvenation update.

Normal fertilization management is carried out throughout the rejuvenation and regeneration process, and other cultivation management measures refer to conventional measures in this field.

The results show that: adopting the method in this example, the risk of impact on yield can be reduced to zero. The yield per mu of old coffee trees is generally 90 kilograms. By using the method in this example, the coffee trees can fully absorb nutrients Utilization, although there are only 3-4 branches left, but the nutrients are sufficient, not only will not cause a reduction in production, but the amount of fruit will be more, and the fruit will be fuller. In the first year, the yield per mu can reach 100 kg, and in the second year, the yield per mu The yield can reach 120 kg, the yield per mu can reach 130 kg in the third year, and the high yield can reach 160 kg in the fourth year, with no empty production period in between.

Comparative example 1

What this comparative example provides is the bar update method in the prior art, comprising the following steps:

(1) In the first year, select the coffee tree of the Katimo variety that is more than 10 years old, and cut off the trunk of the coffee tree at a distance of 25-30 cm from the ground. The schematic diagram of the truncation of old coffee trees is shown in Figure 3.

(2) In the second year, keep 1-2 new shoots as the new trunk after new shoots are sent out at the stem.

(3) In the third year, a small amount of new shoots grown from new buds bloom and bear fruit.

(4) In the fourth year, it will be put into normal operation.

Normal fertilization management is carried out throughout the renewal process, and other cultivation management measures refer to conventional measures in this field.

The results show that: using the method in this comparative example, the coffee tree after cutting the stem will not start to be put into production until the third year, and it will basically reach a high yield in the fourth year, and the yield of coffee beans per mu can reach 160 kilograms. There is a two-year empty production period in the middle, and the output in the third year is only about 50% of the high production period. In addition, fertilization and other management are required during the 2-year empty production period, which not only increases labor costs and management costs, but also has no economic benefits.

Comparative example 2

What this comparative example provides is the method for digging out and replenishing seedlings in the prior art, comprising the following steps:

(1) In the first year, select coffee trees of the Katimo variety that are more than 10 years old to dig out and fill the seedlings.

(2) The coffee tree grows normally in the second year but does not bloom and bear fruit.

(3) In the third year, the coffee tree grows normally and a small amount of flowering and fruiting.

(4) In the fourth year, it will be put into normal operation.

Normal fertilization management is carried out throughout the renewal process, and other cultivation management measures refer to conventional measures in this field.

The results show that: using the method in this comparison example, the coffee tree seedlings also grow to the third year before they start to put into production, and they basically reach a high yield in the fourth year, and the yield of coffee beans per mu can reach 160 kilograms. There is also a two-year empty production period in the middle, and the output in the third year is only about 50% of the high production period. In addition, fertilization management is required during the 2-year empty production period, which not only increases labor costs and management costs, but also has no economic benefits.

To sum up, the old coffee tree renewal method in the prior art, whether it is seedling replacement or direct stem cutting, will have a vacant production period of 2-3 years, which not only increases labor costs and management costs, but also has no economic benefits. Using the new method of rejuvenation and renewal in this application, the risk of impact on yield can be reduced to zero. Although the original yield of old coffee trees is not high, the coffee trees can fully absorb and utilize nutrients in this method, although the remaining branches There are only 3-4 roots, but the nutrients are sufficient, not only will not cause a reduction in yield, but will result in more fruit and fuller fruits. While solving the problem of the empty production period of the existing technology, it can also increase production and generate income. Based on the current average market price of 30 yuan/kg, it can increase 3,000 yuan/year per mu. In addition, it can increase the economic life of the coffee tree and delay the aging of the tree.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred mode of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The rejuvenation and updating method for the coffee aged tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Cutting the stem and retaining the branches: 1 trunk and 3-4 pairs of first-stage straight branches at the bottom are reserved;

(2) Retaining the new buds: 2 pairs of buds are reserved when the buds at the cutting rod are sent out;

(3) Growth and recovery: the trunk and the first-stage straight branches in the step (1) grow normally and are firm, and the new buds in the step (2) grow into the top trunk with a small amount of flowers and fruits;

(4) And (3) rejuvenation updating is completed: the trunk in the step (1), the primary straight branches and the top trunk formed by the new buds in the step (2) are all normally grown and firm.

2. The rejuvenation and renewal method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), all the remaining parts except the remaining trunk and the primary straight branches are directly cut off.

3. The rejuvenation and renewal method according to claim 2, wherein the straight branches retained in the step (1) are pruned by a topping pruning method.

4. The rejuvenation and rejuvenation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), all of the remaining shoots except for the remaining shoots are directly wiped off.

5. The rejuvenation updating method according to claim 4, wherein the step (2) is performed by further performing normal pruning on the primary straight branches reserved in the step (1).

6. The rejuvenation updating method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coffee aged tree is an aged coffee tree of 10 years or more.

7. Use of the rejuvenation and renewal method according to any of claims 1 to 5 in coffee planting.

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