CN116181875B

CN116181875B - Indexing speed reducing mechanism of hydraulic turntable

Info

Publication number: CN116181875B
Application number: CN202310228965.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张娜; 吉玉成; 连永明; 吴广新
Original assignee: Yantai Nanjing University Of Technology Global Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Yantai Nanjing University Of Technology Global Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-10
Filing date: 2023-03-10
Publication date: 2024-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-10
Also published as: CN116181875A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control hydraulic turntables, in particular to an indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic turntable, which comprises an adjusting mechanism arranged in an end cover in a sealing way, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a fixed core and a rotatable adjusting rod; the end surfaces of the fixed core and the adjusting rod, which are in contact with each other, are respectively provided with a groove A and a plurality of grooves B with different depths, and the grooves A and the grooves B are arranged in a cross direction; a second oil duct is also arranged in the end cover; the groove A is communicated with the first oil duct, and the groove B is communicated with the second oil duct. The oil quantity change is changed through the cross section of the groove A and the groove B and the different depths of the groove B, so that the precise adjustment of the rotary table indexing speed reduction is realized, the whole structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and no impact is generated.

Description

Indexing speed reducing mechanism of hydraulic turntable

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control hydraulic rotary tables, in particular to an indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic rotary table.

Background

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the conventional hydraulic turntable drives a rack 2A to drive a gear 3A to rotate through an oil cylinder. A clutch is arranged below the gear 3A and is connected with the rotating shaft 4A. Two ends of the rack 2A are symmetrically provided with an oil cylinder, a piston in a cylinder body 7A of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the rack 2A, the rack 2A is positioned in the base 1A, and the rotating shaft 4A is matched with the turntable 6A through a key 5A. Although the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic station can control the hydraulic oil quantity to control the moving speed of the rack 2A, when a clutch in the hydraulic turntable is closed, the rack 2A drives the gear 3A to rotate, the gear 3A drives the rotating shaft 4A to rotate through the clutch, the rotating shaft 4A drives the turntable to rotate through the key 5A, and the turntable enters an indexing process; however, with respect to a hydraulic turntable having a relatively large dimension, there are several problems in indexing the turntable:

1) The rotary inertia of the turntable 6A is large, and if the oil transmission amount of the hydraulic pump is too large, the impact caused by the turntable 6A during indexing is relatively large;

2) The diameter of the cylinder body 7A is relatively large, oil stored in the cylinder body 7A is only discharged from one vertical oil port 8A and the first oil duct 10A in the center of the end cover 9A, and if the oil transmission amount of the hydraulic pump is too small, the oil discharge speed is low during deceleration, and the rotating time of the turntable is prolonged.

In order to solve the above problems, chinese patent No. CN216430432U discloses a high-speed operation instantaneous stop speed reducing mechanism, which adopts a gap between a piston and a cylinder cover, and the size of the gap can be adjusted by adjusting bolts. Because the gap is filled with hydraulic oil, the rack 2A plays a certain buffering role in the transmission of the rack 2A in the reciprocating motion process, reduces impact, ensures the rotating stability of the turntable, but cannot realize the adjustment of the indexing speed reduction of the turntable.

Therefore, a device capable of solving the index deceleration adjustment of the turntable 6A is demanded.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, and provides an indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic turntable, which can realize small impact and convenient adjustment of the indexing speed of the turntable when the turntable is subjected to indexing speed reduction.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic turntable, comprising an adjusting mechanism which is arranged in an end cover in a sealing way, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a fixed core and a rotatable adjusting rod; the end surfaces of the fixed core and the adjusting rod, which are in contact with each other, are respectively provided with a groove A and a plurality of grooves B with different depths, and the grooves A and the grooves B are arranged in a cross direction; a second oil duct is also arranged in the end cover; the groove A is communicated with the first oil duct, and the groove B is communicated with the second oil duct.

Further, the adjusting mechanism further comprises a valve seat and a limiting assembly, and the valve seat is in threaded connection with the end cover; a cavity with one end open is arranged in the valve seat; the fixed core and the adjusting rod are arranged in the cavity; the limiting component is used for limiting the adjusting rod to move along the axial direction.

Further, a step surface is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and a boss is arranged on the adjusting rod; the limiting component is a nut; one end of the boss is in sliding contact with the step surface, and the other end of the boss is in sliding contact with the end surface of the nut; the nut is in threaded connection with the valve seat, and the nut is in coaxial clearance fit with the adjusting rod.

Further, the fixed core is fixed to the valve seat by a fastening screw.

Further, the adjusting rod is provided with an inner hexagonal groove on the end face far away from the fixed core.

Further, a sealing ring A is arranged between the end face of the valve seat and the end cover.

Further, the indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a primary speed reducing mechanism arranged in the vertical oil port A, the primary speed reducing mechanism comprises a speed reducing rod A, and a damping ring which is fixed in a sealing manner is arranged between the speed reducing rod A and the inner wall of the vertical oil port A; the deceleration rod A is in sealing sliding fit with the damping ring; the deceleration rod A is bolted and fixed on the piston.

Further, the indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a secondary speed reducing mechanism, the secondary speed reducing mechanism comprises a plurality of symmetrically and uniformly distributed speed reducing rods B, the speed reducing rods B can slide in a sealed manner in a vertical oil port B, the vertical oil port B is communicated with a third oil duct, and the third oil duct is communicated with the vertical oil port A; the vertical oil port B and the third oil duct are both arranged in the end cover; a sealing assembly is arranged between the deceleration rod B and the vertical oil port B, and the heights of a plurality of sealing assemblies relative to the bottom of the vertical oil port B are the same; the deceleration rod B is bolted and fixed on the piston; the lengths of the plurality of the deceleration rods B protruding out of the piston are different.

Further, a wear-resistant ring and a sealing ring B are sequentially arranged between the deceleration rod B and the vertical oil port B.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through rotating the adjusting rod, the cross contact area of the groove A and the groove B and the depth switching of the groove B can be adjusted, the oil quantity is adjusted, the precise adjustment of rotary table indexing speed reduction is realized, no impact is caused, meanwhile, the time is saved, and the working efficiency of the rotary table is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art structure.

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a prior art ram.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation position of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view a of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a front view of one side of the end cap of fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the end face of each of the grooves a and B in fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of the cross section of the groove a and the groove B in fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a layout of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is another layout of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. an adjusting mechanism; 2. a first-stage reduction mechanism; 3. a secondary speed reducing mechanism; 4. a first oil passage; 5. a vertical oil port A; 6. an end cap; 7. a cylinder; 8. a piston; 11. a valve seat; 12. a limit component; 13. an adjusting rod; 14. a fixed core; 15. a fastening screw; 16. a second oil passage; 17. a sealing ring A; 21. a deceleration rod a21; 22. a damping ring; 23. a retainer ring for holes; 31. a deceleration rod B; 32. a vertical oil port B; 33. a third oil passage; 34. a wear ring; 35. a sealing ring B; 131. a groove B; 132. an inner hexagonal groove; 141. groove a.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6-8, the invention provides an indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic turntable, which comprises an adjusting mechanism 1 arranged in an end cover 6 in a sealing manner, wherein the adjusting mechanism 1 comprises a fixed core 14 and a rotatable adjusting rod 13; the end surfaces of the fixed core 14 and the adjusting rod 13, which are in contact with each other, are respectively provided with a groove A141 and a plurality of grooves B131 with different depths, and the grooves A141 and the grooves B131 are arranged in a cross direction; a second oil duct 16 is also arranged in the end cover 6; the groove a141 communicates with the first oil passage 4, and the groove B131 communicates with the second oil passage 16.

As an embodiment of the invention, the adjusting mechanism 1 further comprises a valve seat 11 and a limiting assembly 12, wherein the valve seat 11 is in threaded connection with the end cover 6; a cavity with one end open is arranged in the valve seat 11; the fixed core 14 and the adjusting rod 13 are arranged in the cavity; the limiting assembly 12 is used for limiting the adjusting rod 13 to axially move.

Preferably, the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a step surface, and the adjusting rod 13 is provided with a boss; the limiting component 12 is a nut; one end of the boss is in sliding contact with the step surface, and the other end of the boss is in sliding contact with the end surface of the nut; the nut is in threaded connection with the valve seat 11, and the nut is in coaxial clearance fit with the adjusting rod 13.

Preferably, the fixed core 14 is fixed to the valve seat 11 by a fastening screw 15.

Preferably, the adjustment lever 13 is provided with an inner hexagonal recess 132 on the end surface remote from the fixed core 14. The inner hexagonal groove 132 is used for manually controlling the rotation of the adjusting lever 13, i.e. a tool matched with the inner hexagonal groove 132 is adopted, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

Preferably, a sealing ring a17 is arranged between the end face of the valve seat 11 and the end cap 6.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5 to 8, on the basis of embodiment 1, the invention further provides an indexing and decelerating mechanism of the hydraulic turntable. The indexing speed reducing mechanism is different from the embodiment 1 in that the indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a first-stage speed reducing mechanism 2 arranged in the vertical oil port A5, the first-stage speed reducing mechanism 2 comprises a speed reducing rod A21, and a damping ring 22 which is fixed in a sealing way is arranged between the speed reducing rod A21 and the inner wall of the vertical oil port A5; the deceleration rod A21 is in sealing sliding fit with the damping ring 22; the deceleration rod A21 is bolted and fixed on the piston 8. The damping ring 22 is here limited in the vertical oil port A5 by a hole retainer 23. The primary reduction mechanism 2 is suitable for the case where the cylinder 7 is small in size, that is, the oil amount is small.

As one embodiment of the invention, the indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a secondary speed reducing mechanism 3, the secondary speed reducing mechanism 3 comprises a plurality of symmetrically and uniformly distributed speed reducing rods B31, the speed reducing rods B31 can slide in a sealed manner in a vertical oil port B32, the vertical oil port B32 is communicated with a third oil duct 33, and the third oil duct 33 is communicated with a vertical oil port A5; the vertical oil port B32 and the third oil duct 33 are both arranged in the end cover 6; a sealing assembly is arranged between the deceleration rod B31 and the vertical oil port B32, and the heights of a plurality of sealing assemblies relative to the bottom of the vertical oil port B32 are the same; the deceleration rod B31 is bolted and fixed on the piston 8; the lengths of the plurality of the deceleration rods B31 protruding out of the piston 8 are different. The secondary reduction mechanism 3 is suitable for the case where the cylinder 7 is large in size, that is, the case where the oil amount is large. Since the oil amount is large, a plurality of third oil passages 33 are added to increase the number of oil outlet holes; because the lengths of the plurality of reducing rods B31 protruding out of the piston 8 are different, the longest first contacts with the sealing assembly and plugs the corresponding vertical oil port B32, the plurality of reducing rods B31 are formed to block the vertical oil port B32 in a stepped manner, so that oil outlets are reduced, the effect of quick preliminary in-place rotation of the turntable is achieved, and the turntable is decelerated in place and has no impact under the action of the regulating mechanism 1.

Preferably, the seal assembly comprises, in order, a wear ring 34 and a seal ring B35.

Preferably, the number of the deceleration rods B31 is 4.

Preferably, the deceleration rod a21 and the deceleration rod B31 are identical in structure, i.e., both ends facing the first oil passage 4 are tapered.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

As shown in fig. 8, since the groove a141 is stationary, the groove B131 rotates along with the adjusting lever 13, and during the rotation, the area (black area) of the cross section of the groove a141 and the groove B131 gradually changes, the cross section corresponds to the size of the opening communicating with the first oil passage 4, and the oil return amount also changes; secondly, the depths of a plurality of grooves B131 on the end face of the adjusting rod 13 are different, which is equivalent to the change of the size of an opening communicated with the second oil duct 16, and the oil return quantity is also changed, so that the oil quantity can be adjusted to accurately adjust the rotary table to rotate and decelerate, and the rotary table is decelerated in place without impact.

As shown in fig. 5, the deceleration rod a21 of the primary deceleration mechanism 2 moves linearly along the vertical oil port A5 under the action of hydraulic oil. When the speed reducing rod A21 is gradually inserted into the first oil duct 4, the size of the through hole in the first oil duct 4 is gradually reduced, and then the oil return amount is regulated in an auxiliary manner, so that the rotary table indexing speed reduction can be regulated in an auxiliary manner.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the secondary reduction mechanism 3 employs a plurality of oil passages to increase the oil return amount, and can improve the working efficiency of the turntable. The deceleration rod B31 is driven by the piston 8 to move linearly along the vertical oil port B32. After the deceleration rod B31 contacts with the wear ring 34 and the seal ring B35, the vertical oil port B32 is completely blocked. Because the height of the sealing component relative to the bottom of the vertical oil port B32 is the same, the lengths of the plurality of reducing rods B31 protruding out of the piston 8 are different, and therefore the plurality of reducing rods B31 can block the corresponding vertical oil port B32 one by one, and rotary table indexing speed reduction can be adjusted in an auxiliary mode.

The working process of the invention comprises the following steps:

As shown in fig. 9, when the left cylinder is mounted with the index reduction mechanism, the reduction rod a21 and the reduction rod B31 in the index reduction mechanism are separated from the vertical oil port A5 and the vertical oil port B32, respectively. When the turntable is rotated, hydraulic oil enters from the right oil cylinder and pushes the rack to move, and the left oil cylinder starts oil return. In the left oil cylinder, the rack pushes the piston 8 to move, and the piston 8 drives the speed reducing rod A21 and the speed reducing rod B31; in the process, the speed reducing rod A21 enters the vertical oil port A5 and passes through the first oil duct 4, so that the size of the oil port of the first oil duct 4 can be changed; the plurality of deceleration rods B31 sequentially enter the corresponding vertical oil ports B32, and the vertical oil ports B32 are blocked, so that the oil return speed is reduced; then, the adjusting rod 13 is rotated through the inner hexagonal groove 132, the area of the cross section of the groove A141 and the cross section of the groove B131 are gradually changed, and the depth of the groove B131 is correspondingly adjusted, so that the oil return quantity is controlled, the inertial impact is not caused when the turntable rotates for decelerating, and the rotating speed is high and stable.

As shown in fig. 10, when the indexing reduction mechanism is mounted on both cylinders, the reduction rod a21 and the reduction rod B31 in the left indexing reduction mechanism are separated from the vertical oil port A5 and the vertical oil port B32, respectively, and the reduction rod a21 and the reduction rod B31 in the right indexing reduction mechanism are inserted into the first oil passage 4 and block the vertical oil port B32, respectively. When the turntable is turned, hydraulic oil enters from the oil cylinder on the right side, at the moment, the deceleration rod A21 and the deceleration rod B31 in the oil cylinder are gradually separated from the vertical oil port A5 and the vertical oil port B32 under the action of oil pressure, and the pushing of the hydraulic oil to the piston 8 is maximum; then, the inner gear strip of the oil cylinder on the left side pushes the piston 8 to move, and the piston 8 drives the speed reducing rod A21 and the speed reducing rod B31; in the process, the speed reducing rod A21 enters the vertical oil port A5 and passes through the first oil duct 4, so that the size of the oil port of the first oil duct 4 can be changed; the plurality of deceleration rods B31 sequentially enter the corresponding vertical oil ports B32, and the vertical oil ports B32 are blocked, so that the oil return speed is reduced; then, by rotating the adjustment lever 13 through the inner hexagonal groove 132, the area of the intersecting cross section of the groove a141 and the groove B131 is gradually changed, and the depth of the groove B131 is correspondingly adjusted, thereby controlling the oil return amount, and vice versa. The turntable is slowly accelerated when being rotated, then the speed reaches the maximum value, and finally the turntable is decelerated through the rotation speed reducing mechanism, so that inertial impact can not be caused when the turntable is rotated, and the working efficiency of the turntable is integrally improved.

The present invention may be summarized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above-described embodiments of the present invention are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative of the present invention. And not as limiting the invention, the scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. An indexing speed reducing mechanism of a hydraulic turntable is characterized by comprising an adjusting mechanism (1) which is arranged in an end cover (6) in a sealing way, wherein the adjusting mechanism (1) comprises a fixed core (14) and a rotatable adjusting rod (13); the end faces of the fixed core (14) and the adjusting rod (13) which are in contact with each other are respectively provided with a groove A (141) and a plurality of grooves B (131) with different depths, and the grooves A (141) and the grooves B (131) are arranged in a cross direction; a second oil duct (16) is also arranged in the end cover (6); the groove A (141) is communicated with the first oil duct (4), and the groove B (131) is communicated with the second oil duct (16);

The indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a primary speed reducing mechanism (2) arranged in the vertical oil port A (5), the primary speed reducing mechanism (2) comprises a speed reducing rod A (21), and a damping ring (22) which is fixed in a sealing manner is arranged between the speed reducing rod A (21) and the inner wall of the vertical oil port A (5); the speed reducing rod A (21) is in sealing sliding fit with the damping ring (22); the deceleration rod A (21) is bolted and fixed on the piston (8);

The indexing speed reducing mechanism further comprises a two-stage speed reducing mechanism (3), the two-stage speed reducing mechanism (3) comprises a plurality of symmetrically and uniformly distributed speed reducing rods B (31), the speed reducing rods B (31) can slide in a sealing manner in a vertical oil port B (32), the vertical oil port B (32) is communicated with a third oil duct (33), and the third oil duct (33) is communicated with the vertical oil port A (5); the vertical oil port B (32) and the third oil duct (33) are both arranged in the end cover (6); a sealing assembly is arranged between the deceleration rod B (31) and the vertical oil port B (32), and the heights of a plurality of sealing assemblies relative to the bottom of the vertical oil port B (32) are the same; the deceleration rod B (31) is bolted and fixed on the piston (8); the lengths of the plurality of the deceleration rods B (31) protruding out of the piston (8) are different.

2. Indexing and decelerating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting mechanism (1) further comprises a valve seat (11) and a limiting assembly (12), the valve seat (11) being screwed with the end cap (6); a cavity with one end open is arranged in the valve seat (11); the fixed core (14) and the adjusting rod (13) are arranged in the cavity; the limiting assembly (12) is used for limiting the adjusting rod (13) to move axially.

3. Indexing and decelerating mechanism according to claim 2, characterised in that the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a step surface, and the adjusting lever (13) is provided with a boss; the limiting component (12) is a nut; one end of the boss is in sliding contact with the step surface, and the other end of the boss is in sliding contact with the end surface of the nut; the nut is in threaded connection with the valve seat (11), and is in coaxial clearance fit with the adjusting rod (13).

4. An indexing and decelerating mechanism according to claim 3, characterised in that the fixed core (14) is fixed to the valve seat (11) by means of a fastening screw (15).

5. Indexing and deceleration mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjustment lever (13) is provided with a hexagonal recess (132) in the end face remote from the fixed core (14).

6. Indexing and decelerating mechanism according to claim 5, characterised in that a sealing ring a (17) is arranged between the end face of the valve seat (11) and the end cap (6).

7. Indexing reduction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing assembly comprises, in sequence, a wear ring (34) and a sealing ring B (35).