CN116164280A - Ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ammonia-doped multi-stage cyclone burner with an adjustable axial air classification section. Comprising the following steps: a combustion chamber housing having a hollow combustion chamber; the first-stage cyclone cavity comprises a first-stage cyclone, an air inlet pipe, a gasket and a porous plate; the secondary cyclone cavity comprises a secondary cyclone, an air inlet pipe, a gasket and a porous plate; the three-stage cyclone cavity comprises a three-stage cyclone, an air inlet pipe, a gasket and a porous plate; the classifying air cavity is matched with the three-stage cyclone cavity through threads and can move freely in the axial direction; and the central fixing rod is in threaded fit and fixation with the primary cyclone. The first, second and third cyclone cavities are sequentially matched and fixed through threads. The three-stage swirl chamber can realize the combination of multiple fuels and multiple combustion modes of ammonia. The staged air cavities may inject secondary air at different axial locations of the combustion chamber to reduce the level of emissions of nitrogen oxides.

Description

Ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of combustion equipment, in particular to an ammonia-doped multistage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging sections.

Background technique

Swirl burners have been widely used in coal-fired boilers and gas turbines due to their excellent combustion stability. Laboratory-scale single-stage swirl burners are also used by universities and research institutions to study and simulate various characteristics in actual industrial combustion, so as to explore the combustion performance of various fuels and guide new industries with better performance. Burner design.

However, there is only one swirler in the swirl burner in each laboratory, which can only study the characteristics of the fuel in this single combustion mode, which has great limitations. Moreover, the laminar flame speed of ammonia gas is low, the flame stability is poor, the combustion limit range is narrow, and the nitrogen oxide emission is extremely high. At present, it is difficult to explore the best way to solve the above problems in the existing combustion test benches. If the combination of multiple combustion modes can be realized in one combustor, the research range of the combustor will be greatly improved, and the optimal combustion mode of a specific fuel can be explored more extensively through axial air staging.

Chinese patent CN113864775A discloses an ammonia-doped multiphase fuel staged swirl burner, including: a combustion cylinder, the combustion cylinder has a first end and a second end oppositely arranged, and the combustion cylinder also has a hollow a combustion chamber, which is communicated to the outside of the combustion cylinder through the second end, and has a central combustion zone, an ammonia-fuel mixed combustion zone and a combustion chamber in the axial direction from the central area of the combustion chamber. Exhausted area; a central combustion structure, arranged at the first end of the combustion cylinder, one end of the central combustion structure extends through the first end into the central combustion area of the combustion chamber; and ammonia-fuel mixed combustion structure, arranged at the first end of the combustion cylinder, and sleeved on the outside of the central combustion structure, one end of the ammonia-fuel mixed combustion structure extends through the first end into the combustion chamber The ammonia-fuel mixed combustion zone realizes multi-stage stable combustion and multi-stage lean-rich combustion to suppress NOx formation and multi-effect coupling, but this patent focuses on the axial staged combustion method of fuel, and its fuel and air nozzles are fixed at different positions in the axial direction Arrangement, the position of the air inlet downstream of the combustion chamber cannot be flexibly adjusted.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging sections in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. The three swirlers are coaxially designed in one burner, and the three swirlers can respectively enter air and inject gas into the combustion chamber, which can realize the combination of multi-fuel ammonia and multi-combustion modes. By adopting fuel or fuel-air premixed air swirl nozzles, the burner is radially arranged in stages, and the staged air inlet downstream of the combustion chamber can be flexibly adjusted in different axial positions. At the same time, combined with the designed grading air cavity, the position of injecting secondary air in the combustion chamber can be changed to find the optimal way of injecting secondary air, which further broadens the scope of research.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

An ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section, including a central fixed rod, a primary swirl cavity, a secondary swirl cavity, a tertiary swirl cavity and a staged air cavity body,

The central fixing rod is set at the center of the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner,

The first-stage swirl chamber is arranged outside the central fixed rod, the first-stage swirl chamber includes a first-stage air inlet pipe and a first-stage cyclone, one end of the first-stage cyclone is connected to the first-stage air inlet pipe, The other end of the primary cyclone is connected to the classified air cavity;

The secondary swirl cavity is arranged outside the primary swirl cavity, the secondary swirl cavity includes a secondary air intake pipe and a secondary swirler, one end of the secondary swirl is connected to the secondary The air pipe is connected, and the other end of the secondary cyclone is connected to the classified air cavity;

The third-stage swirl chamber is arranged outside the second-stage swirl chamber, and the third-stage swirl chamber includes a third-stage inlet pipe and a third-stage cyclone, and one end of the third-stage cyclone is connected to the third-stage inlet. The air pipe is connected, and the other end of the three-stage cyclone is connected to the classified air cavity;

The classified air chamber is arranged on the outside of the three-stage swirl chamber, and a combustion chamber is arranged inside the classified air chamber, and the classified air chamber injects secondary air into different positions in the combustion chamber by moving axially. To reduce the emission level of nitrogen oxides.

Further, the primary air inlet pipe and the primary swirler are connected in a threaded form.

Further, the secondary air intake pipe and the secondary swirler are connected in a threaded form.

Further, the tertiary air intake pipe and the tertiary swirler are connected in a threaded form.

Further, the primary cyclone, secondary cyclone and tertiary cyclone are selected from cyclones with the same size but different styles.

Further, the central fixed rod, the first-stage cyclone, the second-stage cyclone, the third-stage cyclone and the classification air cavity are closely matched through radial threads from the inside to the outside in order to form a three-stage annular swirl inlet. breath.

Further, the first-stage air intake pipe, the second-stage air intake pipe and the third-stage air intake pipe are tightly fitted through radial threads sequentially from the inside to the outside.

Further, the first-stage swirl chamber also includes a first-stage perforated plate, and a circular protrusion is provided at the tail of the central fixing rod, and the protrusion is used to fix the first-stage perforated plate, and the first-stage perforated plate Located on the outside of the protrusion, the primary perforated plate is used for uniform airflow and improving the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in premixed combustion mode.

Further, the primary swirl cavity also includes a primary gasket, the primary gasket is arranged between the primary air intake pipe and the primary cyclone, and the primary gasket is used to enhance the sealing performance .

Further, the secondary swirl chamber also includes a secondary porous plate, and a circular protrusion is provided at the tail of the primary air intake pipe, and the protrusion is used to fix the secondary porous plate, and the secondary porous plate is Plates are located outside the protrusions, the secondary perforated plates are used for uniform gas flow and to improve the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in premixed combustion mode.

Further, the secondary swirl cavity also includes a secondary gasket, the secondary gasket is arranged between the secondary air intake pipe and the secondary cyclone, and the secondary gasket is used to enhance the sealing .

Further, the third-stage swirl chamber also includes a third-stage perforated plate, and the tail of the second-stage air intake pipe is provided with a circular protrusion, and the protrusion is used to fix the third-stage perforated plate, and the third-stage porous plate The plates are located outside the protrusions, the tertiary perforated plates are used for uniform gas flow and to improve the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in premixed combustion mode.

Further, the tertiary swirl cavity also includes a tertiary gasket, the tertiary gasket is arranged between the tertiary inlet pipe and the tertiary cyclone, and the tertiary gasket is used to enhance the sealing .

Further, two air intake holes are opened at the tail of the primary air intake pipe.

Furthermore, the air inlets can take in air at the same time. When two air inlets enter the same gas at the same time, the airflow will flow through the first-stage porous plate, and the uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced; When the gas enters through one hole, and the oxidant enters through one air inlet hole, it can enhance the uniformity of the air flow and improve the mixing efficiency at the same time, and then enter the combustion chamber through the primary swirler for combustion.

Further, two air intake holes are opened at the tail of the secondary air intake pipe.

Furthermore, the air inlets can simultaneously enter the air, and when the two air inlets enter the same gas at the same time, the airflow will flow through the secondary porous plate, and the uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced; When the gas enters through one hole, and the oxidant enters through one inlet hole, it can enhance the uniformity of air flow and improve the mixing efficiency at the same time, and then enter the combustion chamber through the secondary swirler for combustion.

Further, two air intake holes are opened at the tail of the three-stage air intake pipe.

Furthermore, the air inlets can simultaneously enter the air, and when the two air inlets enter the same gas at the same time, the airflow will flow through the three-stage porous plate, and the uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced; When the gas enters through one hole, and the oxidant enters through one inlet hole, it can enhance the uniformity of the air flow and improve the mixing efficiency at the same time, and then enter the combustion chamber through the three-stage swirler for combustion. Usually, the three-stage cyclone cavity is used to inject radial secondary air.

Further, an air inlet is opened at the tail of the classified air cavity, and a classified air flow cavity is arranged inside, and six classified air injection holes are opened on the inner wall of the classified air flow cavity, and the six classified air flow The air injection holes are respectively connected with the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the tertiary cyclone, and the air flowing inside passes through the inner wall of the classified air flow cavity and is preheated by the swirling flame in the combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the six grading air injection holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central fixed rod, and the six grading air injection holes are sequentially connected with the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the third cyclone from the inside to the outside. The stage cyclone is connected.

Furthermore, the grading air injection holes are connected to the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the tertiary cyclone through threads.

Further, the outside of the classified air cavity is provided with a combustion chamber housing support and a combustion chamber housing, the combustion chamber housing support is provided with a groove, and the combustion chamber housing is connected to the combustion chamber through the groove The housing support is connected, and the combustion chamber housing is used to confine the flame.

Furthermore, the grading air cavity is threadedly fitted with the support of the combustion chamber housing.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. In the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner provided by the present invention, three swirl inlets can be used in combination to realize multi-fuel premixed combustion, non-premixed combustion and partial premixed combustion;

2. In the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner provided by the present invention, the graded air cavity and the three-stage swirler cavity can be freely moved in the axial direction through screw fit;

3. In the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner provided by the present invention, the combination of multiple fuels and multiple combustion modes of ammonia is realized through the three-stage swirl cavity;

4. In the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner provided by the present invention, secondary air can be injected into different axial positions of the combustion chamber through the graded air cavity to reduce the emission level of nitrogen oxides;

5. The ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section provided by the present invention can realize the auxiliary effect of other active fuel flames on the ammonia flame, and realize the stable combustion of ammonia;

6. Axial air classification has been proven to be an effective way to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from ammonia flames, but the injection position and amount of classified air must be precisely controlled. The present invention uses fuel or fuel-air premixed cyclone flow nozzles in The burner is radially arranged in stages, and the staged air inlet downstream of the combustion chamber can be flexibly adjusted at different axial positions, so the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner provided by the present invention can achieve Different positions of different positions are precisely injected into the staged air to explore the optimal way to reduce the emission level of nitrogen oxides and improve the combustion efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional structural representation of the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the head central axis of the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner shown in Fig. 1 with adjustable axial air staging section;

Fig. 3 is the rear central axis sectional view of the ammonia-doped multistage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the staged air cavity of the ammonia-doped multistage swirl burner shown in Fig. 1 with adjustable axial air stages;

Fig. 5 is a modeling perspective view of the ammonium-doped multi-stage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section shown in Fig. 1 after cutting without a combustion chamber shell.

Explanation of reference numerals: 110, primary swirl cavity, 111, primary porous plate, 112, primary air intake pipe, 113, primary cyclone, 114, primary gasket, 120, secondary swirl cavity Body, 121, secondary porous plate, 122, secondary air intake pipe, 123, secondary cyclone, 124, secondary gasket, 130, tertiary cyclone cavity, 131, tertiary porous plate, 132, three Stage intake pipe, 133, three-stage swirler, 134, three-stage gasket, 140, combustion chamber housing support, 150, grading air cavity, 160, combustion chamber housing, 170, center fixing rod.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying Describes, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

Example

Referring to Figures 1 to 5, this embodiment provides an ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section, including a central fixed rod 170, a primary swirl cavity 110, a secondary swirl Cavity 120, three-stage cyclone cavity 130 and classified air cavity 150,

The central fixing rod 170 is located at the center of the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner,

The first-stage swirl chamber 110 is arranged outside the central fixed rod 170, and the first-stage swirl chamber 110 includes a first-stage air inlet pipe 112 and a first-stage swirler 113, and one end of the first-stage swirler 113 is connected to The primary air intake pipe 112 is connected, and the other end of the primary cyclone 113 is connected to the classification air cavity 150;

The secondary cyclone cavity 120 is arranged on the outside of the primary cyclone cavity 110, and the secondary cyclone cavity 120 includes a secondary air inlet pipe 122 and a secondary cyclone 123, and the secondary cyclone One end of 123 is connected to the secondary air intake pipe 122, and the other end of the secondary cyclone 123 is connected to the classification air cavity 150;

The tertiary swirl cavity 130 is arranged on the outside of the secondary swirl cavity 120, and the tertiary swirl cavity 130 includes a tertiary air inlet pipe 132 and a tertiary swirler 133, and the tertiary swirl One end of 133 is connected to the three-stage air intake pipe 132, and the other end of the three-stage cyclone 133 is connected to the classified air cavity 150;

The classified air chamber 150 is arranged on the outside of the three-stage swirl chamber 130, and a combustion chamber is arranged inside the classified air chamber 150, and the classified air chamber 150 is injected into different positions in the combustion chamber by moving axially. Secondary air to reduce NOx emission levels.

In this embodiment, the primary air inlet pipe 112 and the primary cyclone 113 are connected in a threaded form.

In this embodiment, the secondary air inlet pipe 122 and the secondary swirler 123 are connected in a threaded form.

In this embodiment, the tertiary inlet pipe 132 and the tertiary swirler 133 are connected in a threaded form.

In this embodiment, the primary cyclone 113 , the secondary cyclone 123 and the tertiary cyclone 133 are selected from cyclones with the same size but different styles.

In this embodiment, the central fixing rod 170, the primary cyclone 113, the secondary cyclone 123, the tertiary cyclone 133, and the classification air chamber 150 are tightly fitted through radial threads in sequence from the inside to the outside. , forming a three-stage annular swirl air inlet.

In this embodiment, the first-stage air intake pipe 112 , the second-stage air intake pipe 122 and the third-stage air intake pipe 132 are closely fitted through radial threads sequentially from inside to outside.

In this embodiment, the primary cyclone cavity 110 also includes a primary porous plate 111, and a circular protrusion is provided at the end of the central fixing rod 170, and the protrusion is used to fix the primary porous plate 111. , the primary porous plate 111 is located outside the protrusion, the primary porous plate 111 is used for uniform air flow, and improves the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in the premixed combustion mode.

In this embodiment, the primary swirl cavity 110 further includes a primary gasket 114, and the primary gasket 114 is arranged between the primary air inlet pipe 112 and the primary cyclone 113. Stage gasket 114 is used to enhance sealing.

In this embodiment, the secondary swirl chamber 120 also includes a secondary porous plate 121, and a circular protrusion is provided at the tail of the primary air inlet pipe 112, and the protrusion is used to fix the secondary porous plate. 121, the secondary porous plate 121 is located outside the protrusion, and the secondary porous plate 121 is used for uniform airflow and improving the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in the premixed combustion mode.

In this embodiment, the secondary swirl cavity 120 further includes a secondary gasket 124, and the secondary gasket 124 is arranged between the secondary air inlet pipe 122 and the secondary swirler 123. Stage gasket 124 is used to enhance sealing.

In this embodiment, the tertiary swirl chamber 130 also includes a tertiary perforated plate 131, and a circular protrusion is provided at the tail of the secondary air inlet pipe 122, and the protrusion is used to fix the tertiary perforated plate. 131, the third-level porous plate 131 is located outside the protrusion, and the third-level porous plate 131 is used for uniform airflow and improving the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in the premixed combustion mode.

In this embodiment, the tertiary swirl cavity 130 further includes a tertiary gasket 134, and the tertiary gasket 134 is arranged between the tertiary inlet pipe 132 and the tertiary cyclone 133, and the tertiary Stage gasket 134 is used to enhance sealing.

In this embodiment, the tail of the first-stage air intake pipe 112 is provided with two air intake holes, and the air intake holes can take in air at the same time. The first-stage perforated plate 111, the uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced; when one air inlet enters the gas and the other enters the oxidant, the effects of enhancing the airflow uniformity and improving the mixing efficiency can be achieved at the same time, and then through the first-stage cyclone The device 113 enters the combustion chamber to burn.

In this embodiment, the tail of the secondary air intake pipe 122 is provided with two air intake holes, the air intake holes can take in air at the same time. With the secondary porous plate 121, the uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced; when one air inlet enters the gas and the other enters the oxidant, the effects of enhancing the uniformity of the airflow and improving the mixing efficiency can be achieved at the same time, and then through the secondary cyclone The device 123 enters the combustion chamber to burn.

In this embodiment, the tail of the three-stage air intake pipe 132 has two air intake holes, the air intake holes can take in air at the same time, when the two air intake holes enter the same gas at the same time, the airflow flows through the The uniformity of the airflow will be enhanced by the three-stage perforated plate 131; when one air inlet enters the gas and the other enters the oxidant, the effect of enhancing the airflow uniformity and improving the mixing efficiency can be achieved at the same time, and then through the three-stage swirl The device 133 enters the combustion chamber to burn. Usually, the three-stage cyclone cavity is used to inject radial secondary air.

In this embodiment, an air intake hole is opened at the tail of the classified air cavity body 150, and a classified air flow cavity is arranged inside. The inner wall head of the classified air flow cavity has six classified air injection holes, six Each of the classified air injection holes is respectively connected to the first-stage cyclone 113, the second-stage cyclone 123, and the third-stage cyclone 133, and the air flowing inside passes through the inner wall of the classified air flow cavity and passes through the combustion chamber. The swirl flame is preheated, and the six classified air injection holes are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the central fixed rod 170, and the six classified air injection holes are sequentially connected with the primary cyclone 113 and the secondary cyclone Device 123 and tertiary cyclone 133 are connected by thread.

In this embodiment, the outside of the classified air cavity 150 is provided with a combustion chamber housing support 140 and a combustion chamber housing 160, the combustion chamber housing support 140 is provided with grooves, and the combustion chamber housing The body 160 is connected with the combustion chamber housing support 140 through a groove, and the combustion chamber housing 160 is used to confine the flame, and the staging air cavity 150 is threadedly engaged with the combustion chamber housing support 140 .

In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for using an ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section, and the specific steps are as follows:

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the two inlet openings at the tail of the first-stage air intake pipe 112 respectively feed ammonia gas and air. At this time, the mixing state of the two gases is not ideal, and after passing through the first-stage porous plate 111, it becomes a mixed gas. A uniform mixture of ammonia and air. The mixed gas enters the combustion chamber through the primary swirler 113 to form an inner layer premixed ammonia flame. This swirling flame creates an internal recirculation zone that entrains high temperature flue gases to maintain the stability of the ammonia flame.

The two air intake openings at the tail of the secondary air intake pipe 122 are respectively fed with natural gas and air, which flow through the secondary perforated plate 121 to become a uniformly mixed mixture of natural gas and air. The mixed gas enters the combustion chamber through the secondary swirler 123 to form an outer premixed natural gas flame. The natural gas flame will wrap the inner ammonia flame and provide enough heat for the subsequent injection of the ammonia-air mixture to maintain combustion.

It should be noted that, in this specific embodiment, whether it is the ammonia flame of the inner layer or the natural gas flame of the outer layer, the local equivalence ratio of the two is greater than 1, creating a fuel-rich condition to reduce the internal combustion in the main combustion zone. The amount of nitrogen oxides produced, the unburned gas is consumed in the secondary combustion zone downstream of the combustion chamber.

The two inlet openings at the rear of the third-stage air intake pipe 132 are fed with radial secondary air, and the airflow becomes more uniform after passing through the third-stage perforated plate 131, and then enters the combustion chamber through the third-stage swirler 133 to provide ammonia and A methane flame provides radial secondary air. Partially premixed combustion of ammonia and natural gas is achieved throughout the combustor housing 160 .

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the air inlet of the classified air chamber 150 is led into the air, and enters the combustion chamber from the nozzle of the head after absorbing the heat of the high-temperature flame in the inner chamber. Creates a secondary combustion zone in the combustion chamber, improving combustion efficiency and reducing NOx emission levels.

It should be noted that axial air staging has been proven to be an effective way to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from ammonia flames, but the injection position and amount of staging air must be precisely controlled. In this specific embodiment, the classified air cavity 150 can realize the precise injection of classified air at different positions in the axial direction of the combustion chamber, so as to explore the optimal way to reduce the emission level of nitrogen oxides and improve the combustion efficiency.

The ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section can realize the auxiliary effect of other active fuel flames on the ammonia flame, and realize the stable combustion of ammonia.

Of course, in other implementations of the present invention, the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section can also be applied to other combined combustion experiments of multiple fuels.

The above descriptions of the embodiments are for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ammonia-doped multistage swirl burner with an adjustable axial air staging section, characterized in that it comprises a central fixed rod (170), a primary swirl cavity (110), a secondary swirl cavity Body (120), three-stage cyclone cavity (130) and classified air cavity (150), The central fixing rod (170) is located at the center of the ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner, The primary swirl cavity (110) is arranged outside the central fixed rod (170), and the primary swirl cavity (110) includes a primary air inlet pipe (112) and a primary swirler (113), One end of the primary cyclone (113) is connected to the primary air inlet pipe (112), and the other end of the primary cyclone (113) is connected to the classified air cavity (150); The secondary swirl cavity (120) is arranged on the outside of the primary swirl cavity (110), and the secondary swirl cavity (120) includes a secondary air inlet pipe (122) and a secondary swirler ( 123), one end of the secondary cyclone (123) is connected to the secondary air intake pipe (122), and the other end of the secondary cyclone (123) is connected to the classified air cavity (150); The tertiary swirl cavity (130) is arranged on the outside of the secondary swirl cavity (120), and the tertiary swirl cavity (130) includes a tertiary air inlet pipe (132) and a tertiary swirler ( 133), one end of the three-stage cyclone (133) is connected to the three-stage intake pipe (132), and the other end of the three-stage cyclone (133) is connected to the classified air cavity (150); The classified air cavity (150) is arranged on the outside of the three-stage swirl cavity (130), and a combustion chamber is arranged inside the classified air cavity (150), and the classified air cavity (150) moves through the axial direction The secondary air is injected into different positions in the combustion chamber. 2. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, said primary inlet pipe (112) and primary swirler ( 113) connected in threaded form; The secondary air inlet pipe (122) and the secondary cyclone (123) are connected in threaded form; The tertiary air inlet pipe (132) is connected with the tertiary cyclone (133) in a threaded form. 3. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the central fixed rod (170), the first-stage swirler (113 ), the secondary cyclone (123), the tertiary cyclone (133) and the classified air cavity (150) are tightly fitted through radial threads from inside to outside to form a three-stage annular swirl air inlet. 4. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the primary air intake pipe (112), the secondary air intake pipe (122 ) and the three-stage air intake pipe (132) are tightly matched by radial threads successively from the inside to the outside. 5. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first-stage swirl chamber (110) also includes a first-stage porous plate (111), the tail of the central fixing rod (170) is provided with an annular protrusion, and the protrusion is used to fix the first-level porous plate (111), and the first-level porous plate (111) is located outside the protrusion, The primary porous plate (111) is used for uniform gas flow and improves the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in premixed combustion mode; The secondary swirl chamber (120) also includes a secondary porous plate (121), and the tail of the primary air intake pipe (112) is provided with a circular protrusion, which is used to fix the secondary porous plate (121), the secondary porous plate (121) is located outside the protrusion, the secondary porous plate (121) is used for uniform airflow, and improves the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in the premixed combustion mode; The tertiary swirl chamber (130) also includes a tertiary perforated plate (131), and the tail of the secondary air inlet pipe (122) is provided with a circular protrusion, and the protrusion is used to fix the tertiary perforated plate (131), the tertiary porous plate (131) is located outside the protrusion, the tertiary porous plate (131) is used for uniform air flow, and improves the mixing efficiency of gas and oxidant in the premixed combustion mode. 6. The ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the primary swirl cavity (110) also includes a primary pad sheet (114), the first-stage gasket (114) is located between the first-stage air intake pipe (112) and the first-stage cyclone (113); The secondary swirl cavity (120) also includes a secondary gasket (124), and the secondary gasket (124) is arranged between the secondary air inlet pipe (122) and the secondary cyclone (123) ; The tertiary swirl chamber (130) also includes a tertiary gasket (134), and the tertiary gasket (134) is arranged between the tertiary air intake pipe (132) and the tertiary cyclone (133) . 7. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the tail of the first-stage air intake pipe (112) has two air inlets hole; The tail of the secondary air intake pipe (122) has two air intake holes; There are two air intake holes at the tail of the three-stage air intake pipe (132). 8. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, an air inlet is opened at the tail of the staging air chamber (150) , the inside is provided with a graded air flow cavity, the inner wall head of the graded air flow cavity has six graded air injection holes, and the six graded air injection holes are respectively connected with the primary cyclone (113), the secondary The cyclone (123) is connected with the three-stage cyclone (133). 9. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 8, characterized in that, the staging air injection hole is connected with the first-stage swirler (113), The secondary cyclone (123) and the tertiary cyclone (133) are connected by threads. 10. A kind of ammonia-doped multi-stage swirl burner with adjustable axial air staging section according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outside of the staging air cavity (150) is provided with a combustion chamber shell Support (140) and combustion chamber housing (160), described combustion chamber housing support (140) is provided with groove, and described combustion chamber housing (160) passes groove and combustion chamber housing support (140) are connected, and the combustion chamber casing (160) is used to limit the flame; The classified air cavity (150) is threadedly engaged with the combustion chamber housing support (140).

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