CN1161634A - Delivery of exogenous chemical substances to plant tissues - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an improved method for delivering an effective amount of exogenous chemical substance or substances to a plant or plants via non-woody living tissues thereof. Also disclosed are novel compositions which are particularly useful by the method of the invention, apparatus for delivering exogenous chemical substances by the method of the invention, and a leaf prepared by this invention. This invention involves the use of a propelled material to cause local physical injury to non-woody living tissues before, simultaneously with or after application of the exogenous chemical substance. Benefits of the enhanced delivery achieved by practice of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, lower use rates, better rainfastness and more rapid manifestation of the effect of the exogenous chemical substance.

Description

The conveying of exogenous chemical substances to the plant tissue

Background of invention

The present invention relates to the exogenous chemical substances of one or more effective dosies is transported to improvement method in one or more plants via the non-wooden living tissue of plant.A part of the present invention also relates to the leaf that the equipment of carrying exogenous chemical substances in the new compositions that is specially adapted to the inventive method, the inventive method and the present invention handle.The feature of the inventive method is included in to be used before the exogenous chemical substances, simultaneously or afterwards, makes non-wooden living tissue produce local physical damnification with a kind of material that is pushed into.The advantage of the efficient conveying that reaches by the invention process comprises that (but being not limited thereto) lower rate of application, the effect of rain resistance and exogenous chemical substances preferably show sooner.

Background of invention

Many needs and relevant effort all are to wish various exogenous chemical substances are transported in the living cells of plant and the tissue to go on the agricultural.Exogenous chemical substances defined herein is meant any the have bioactive monomer of needs or oligomeric chemical substance, these chemical substances both can be that natural also can synthesizing obtains, after they were administered on the plant, its purpose or the result who causes entered in the living cells or tissue of plant described material.The example of exogenous chemical substances (but being not limited thereto) chemical pesticide (as weed killer herbicide, mould inhibitor, bactericide, virucide, insecticide, miticide, nematocide, invertebrate poison etc.), plant growth regulator, fertilizer and nutritional agents, gametocide, defoliant, dehydrating agent and their mixture etc.

The method that these allogenic materials is transported to the most convenient in the plant is the non-wooden plant part that is administered on leaf or other soil.But, as everyone knows (referring to for example M.Devine, the works of S.O.Duke and Fedtke " physiology of herbicide action " (1993), chapter 2, the 17th page, Prentice Hall publishes), the common effect of this application process is little, only actually part application of substances arrives living cells and tissue, and application of substances just can play their desired effects there.So (show " weed killer herbicide physiology " the 2nd volume, (1985) version, S.O.Duke, chapter 6,142 pages, CRC publication) even when in the composition of using, adding adjuvant such as surfactant also be referring to C.G.MeWhorter.The present invention by overcome at least some use exogenous chemical substances above soil during plant surface intrinsic ineffectivity, thereby satisfied this area needs for a long time.

Improve exogenous chemical substances, particularly agricultural material such as agricultural chemicals, plant growth regulator and gametocide, the efficient that is transported on the plant remains the problem that presses for solution most, can significantly reduce rate of application thus and can not lose needed performance.What agroindustry was experienced makes medication to minimizing, weed killer herbicide particularly, pressure in the meeting of holding as U.S. grass class scientific institution in 1993 as the meeting of theme, be confirmed relevant document visible " careless class technology " the 8th volume (1994), 331-386 page or leaf.It is not only favourable to environment to reduce rate of application, and also beneficial economically, because the expense of per unit processing area has reduced.Efficient another advantage of carrying is in short time when using after, as a few minutes to several hours, when nature rain or artificial rain or overhead pouring occurring, still can keep using the effect of chemical substance to the processing plant.This performance is called " rain resistance " herein.It is that obvious sign or the sign that reflection is worked occurs early that efficient conveying also has an advantage, show that the material used is to the parasite of the inside plants handled or outside, plant or pathogene or to organism, particularly invertebrate is being brought into play needed effect as be divided into the insect of food with the non-wooden or xylem of plant.

It is that this material is introduced in tree, shrub or other woody plant widely method of employing of institute that exogenous chemical substances is locally applied to the otch of woody stems or wound.For example, P.Motooka, G.Nagai and L.Ching have reported method with " cut and spray " with the trunk cut surface of herbicide application to tropical shrub species in " U.S. grass class association digest " (1983) the 96th pages.The device of a kind of trade name " EZ Ject " that also existing device of developing such as Canada are commercially available can directly inject trunk with chemical substance.H.S.Mayeux Jr and R.A.Crane are at " careless class science " 32 volumes (1984), reported the growth of controlling woody shrub such as common gold grass (goldenweed) and false broomwort with weed killer herbicide on the 845-849 page or leaf, method is with a kind of blanket drum apparatus with scraper, the wooden trunk of scraping before using weed killer herbicide.Remove scraper and reduce the effectiveness of picloram, but to glyphosate and not influence of Triclopyr.

V.S.Bhatnagar and R.A.Agarwal have reported some tests, have comprised insecticide nuvacron, Carbicron and furadan are administered in the stem of cotton for the 93rd page at " Udaipur university research journal " the 9th volume (1971).They find that when stem was cut in wiping at once before processing, the displacement of insecticide increased in the stem of processing.

Japanese patent application No. 4-290807 (announcing in 1992) discloses a kind of wooden method of climbing careless kudzu growth, comprise the stem scarfing, use the trimethyl sulfonium salt or the isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate subsequently, or handle the trunk that otch is arranged with the ammonium salt of bilanafos or careless ammonium phosphine.Opposite with above-mentioned these or other technology of quoting, the invention provides a kind of method of going in the non-woody or draft tissue that exogenous chemical substances efficiently is transported to.

High grass often will slice off before using weed killer herbicide, causes some weed killer herbicides must be applied directly on the otch or other scarfings on leaf or the grass blade like this.J.T.Kirkby and S.Glenn on the 17th page of " northeast grass class science association progress " (nineteen eighty-three) once report find when glyphosate herbicidal being administered to Shi Mao upward the time with the siphon rod, more effective to the plant of not cutting than the plant of cutting before using.But, in greenhouse test they to report that glyphosate is applied directly on the wound more more effective than being administered to unmarred tissue.The present invention seeks to solve Kirky and the above-mentioned problem of Glenn, and the plant of promptly cutting has reduced the leaf area of taking in exogenous chemical substances, still utilizes wound or other local physical damnification as efficient position of carrying simultaneously.Physical damnification as referred to herein can not cause the sort of type damage of removing a large amount of biological substances from the processing plant.

GB Patent Application No. 21.20,513 (nineteen eighty-three announcement) discloses the method and apparatus of a kind of chemical treatment weeds or unwanted plant, comprises the wearing and tearing of grass or unwanted plant or damages, again chemical substance is administered to scratch or the plant of damaging on.Free of data is witnessed and has been improved the efficient of carrying, also unmatchful sign of being bumped the living tissue physical damnification character that causes by wiping.The invention provides and a kind of exogenous chemical substances is transported to method, equipment and composition on the plant, be local wherein rather than spread all over, and need on plant, not draw a kind of making and keep constant the contact to wipe the device that bumps with plant to the physical damnification of the non-lignum of plant.

Eat in the experiment of invading the food damage of plant insect to soybean at the simulation Thripidae, R.M.Huckaba and H.D.Coble are at " (economic entomology circular " (Journal of EconomicEntomology), the 84th volume (1991), 300-305 page or leaf report is scratched the upper surface of soybean leaf with the insect pin, makes scratch penetrate cuticula and epidermal area.Use weed killer herbicide trifluoro ether carboxylic acid in the back of scratching with different interval then.In a research, according to reports, scratch and compare, the trifluoro ether carboxylic acid intake that is significantly increased with the leaf of not scratching.In second research, except when using of trifluoro ether carboxylic acid postponed to outside scratching back 96 hours, the influence of scratching is not obvious.Huckaba and Coble how not furnish an explanation by to the physical damnification of non-wooden plant part living cells and tissue with reliable durable with practicably strengthen absorption to weed killer herbicide.

The long-term use of researcher is various to cuticular mechanical treatment, makes great efforts to reduce cuticula to using the concrete obstruction factor that exists of exogenous chemical substances.For example J.Fortino Jr and W.E.Splittstoesser be at " (weeds science " (Weed Science), the 22nd volume (1974), in the 460-463 page or leaf report with the leaf of mineral wool scraping tomato with damage cuticula and trichome (epidermal trichome).Their report is when using weed killer herbicide piperazine humulone, toxicity very little but that obviously increase on the statistics correspondingly arranged with handling.

Thereafter, J.R.Frank and C.E.Beste are at " weeds science " (Weed Science), and the 31st rolls up (1983), 445-449 page or leaf, be reported in and use before the composition that contains the piperazine humulone, with the leaf of 5% volume/volume silicon carbide suspension by camel hair brush friction tomato and Johnson grass.For tomato, but not for Johnson grass, following result is arranged: when dripping several said compositions on leaf, the leaf of friction compares not the leaf of friction treatment and compares bigger withered spot is arranged like this.The explanation that does not provide friction treatment itself to cause degree of injury, but the author surmises that piperazine humulone physiology toxicity strengthens on the leaf that friction treatment crosses, " may be owing to eliminated penetrate the barrier factors friction ".When weed killer herbicide was used with spray application rather than with 10 μ l drops, friction did not influence piperazine humulone physiology toxic degree.They reach a conclusion " be added drop-wise on the leaf of tomato friction than it; during spraying piperazine humulone activity do not increase may be because; compare with atomized spray, dripping on the leaf of back has bigger piperazine humulone concentration on the small size, and this may be more important than penetrating barrier factors ".

Nearlyer a period of time, B.H.Wells and A.P.Appleby are at " (weeds science " the 40th volume (1992), report ought be used glyphosate herbicidal separately in the 171-173 page or leaf, perhaps before the lactofen weed killer herbicide is used glyphosate, the paraxial surface of 1: 1 volume/volume carborundum slurry being brushed too small mallow leaf with the fine, soft fur brush.Under the shikimic acid salinity that three glyphosates cause, in by the friction treatment plant, there is not the report of frictional influence.Use SEM confirmation friction treatment to destroy cuticula, do not cause subcuticular tissue damage but the author indicates friction.

G.L.Orr, R.N.Bowman and P.Kugrens are at " (insecticide biochemistry and physiology " (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology) the 21st volume (1984), report is found can eliminate the tolerance that cucumber cotyledons causes trifluoro ether carboxylic acid methyl esters by with the paraxial surface of carborundum friction cotyledon in the 213-222 page or leaf.Scanning electron micrograph shows with the carborundum friction and causes that the cotyledon surface tears and dolly dimple.But the not influence of effluent to the 3-0-methyl of using in advance-[14C] glucose of flowing down on the cotyledon with herbicide treatment shows because rubbing action is MIN to living tissue damage.

G.Strobel etc. extract diketo-piperazine phytotoxin spot element (maculosin) at " ACS symposium " No.439 (1990) in the mutual lattice chain of disease fungus lattice spores (Alternaria altemata) bacterial strain that 53-62 page or leaf report exists on spot cornflower plant.The spot element that the spot car chrysanthemum plant that their report has wound or do not have a wound all not have absorption to use.

G.E.Brown is at " plant disease " (Plant Disease) the 68th volume (1984), when 415-418 page or leaf report was found in water or in resin solution water wax applications of fungicides benomyl, carbendazim, probenazole and pressed down mould azoles, their equal extent penetrated the orange intracutaneous with the Sandpapering damage.

The cuticula friction generally is used for the research of laboratory plant growth regulator, strengthens the effect that absorbs in the standard bioassay in epicotyl, hypocotyl, coleoptile or the internode section.For example G.E.Scherer is at " plant growth regulation " (Plant Growth Regulation) the 11st volume (1992), report is when the peptide the cuticular hypocotyl that rubbed used from wasp venom or bee venom in the 153-157 page or leaf, the hypocotylar growth of zucchini of stimulation yellow.On the contrary, T.Hoson and Y.Masuda are at " plant cell physiology " (Plant and Cell Physiology) the 32nd volume (1991), even 777-782 page or leaf report pea internode or hypocotylar section stiff quilt of pea rub, there is not the xyloglucan nonoses indole-3-acetic acid to be induced the inhibitory action of extension yet.

The slight friction treatment of above being reported is used as the outside wax coat of damage plant cuticula becomes a kind of method of the barrier factors that absorbs exogenous chemical substances to reduce or eliminate wax coat.Read the list of references of above just having quoted in detail and can describe the highly variable of these processing and positive effect seldom in detail.Nobody indicates the effectiveness that degree of depth friction meeting strengthens the chemical substance of using nocuously among these authors, damages or kill subcuticular living cells and tissue.

Cuticula mainly is made up of cutin and wax, is considered to prevent the effective protection factor that the chemical substance of a lot of external application penetrates.Many researchers attempts to remove fully cuticular outside wax coat to improve chemical absorption.For example in " (Applied Biotechnology progress 14: agricultural chemicals shifts and Study on Efficiency " (Aspects of Applied Biology 14:Studies of Pesticide Transfer andPerformance) (1987), report is cleaned from the leaf of bracken with the cotton fiber of chloroform dipping and is removed the cuticular wax thing in the 281-291 page or leaf.Kirkwood reports such processing and has obviously strengthened the absorption of fern leaf to the spirit of weed killer herbicide sulphur grass.Similarly, E.A.Baker finds that at same publication 141-151 page or leaf report the pears leaf cuticle of separation has increased more than 3 times the absorption of 1-methyl when having removed the epicuticular wax pledge.Earlier, M.P.Rolston and A.G.Robertson be at " weeds research " the 16th volume (1976), and report is removed chaste tree beans cuticula waxy substance with chloroform in the 82-86 page or leaf can increase absorption to the weed killer herbicide picloram.L.A.Wilson and R.F.Norris are at " (plant physiology " (Plant Physiology) the 51st volume supplementary issue (1973), report has been measured weed killer herbicide 2 in the 47th page, 4-D is by the osmosis of the SCD of various species, and find that dewaxing can strengthen the effect that penetrates, intensification factor be from 15 ℃ for ivy 2.5 to 25 ℃ to sweet-scented oleander above 120.In one piece of summary of this nearest proposition, M.Devine etc. are in " herbicide effect physiology " (Physiology of Herbicide Action) (1993), the 3rd chapter, the 35th page, Prentice Hall publishes, and thinks " experimental study of the applying portion or the cutin membrane that dewaxes fully shows that dewaxing does not have identical effect to all species with weed killer herbicide ".They further reach a conclusion " amount of the wax of removal and the weed killer herbicide of increase penetrate does not have tangible dependency relation between the exercising result ".These conclusions are summarised in together, can not estimate the importance of cuticula conduct to the barrier factors of exogenous chemical substances.The inventive method provide a kind of need not all remove cuticula or cuticula dewaxed fully just can overcome the practical approach of absorption obstacle, thereby the efficient conveying of exogenous chemical substances is provided.

D.J.Turner is at " pesticide science " (Pesticide Science) the 3rd volume (1972), inquired in the 323-331 page or leaf damage of leaf cuticle and epidermal area to be strengthened the possibility of the activity of foliage applying weed killer herbicide due to the chemical method.Turner reports S, S, and S-tributyl three sulfo-phosphate (a kind of cotton defoliant also is called DEF) have strengthened the salt of picloram, and 2,4,5-T and methoxone propionic acid are to the effect of multiple woody species.But other organic phosphine compound that does not cause the naked eyes visible damage provides the effect of similar enhancing picloram to the physiology toxicity of short beans.Turner point out the contact action of additive and they in mixture and weed killer herbicide significantly do not get in touch between interacting.Turner infers that DEF works by cuticular infiltration by strengthening weed killer herbicide salt, but other synergist in this research may work in a completely different way.The enhancing that the weed killer herbicide that being apparent to the subcutaneous living tissue of his-and-hers watches from the document of Turner has physically impaired any chemical treatment to bring is renderd a service.

D.W.Eveling and M.Z.Eisa are at " weeds research " the 16th volume (1976), be reported in the 15-18 page or leaf to various plants and use before the weed killer herbicide, in the solution of various weed killer herbicides, add the kaolinic material Stockalite that contains of 1% weight per volume, found once before this that this material strengthened cuticular permeability.The weed killer herbicide physiology toxicity that obvious enhancing is arranged on some species leaves according to reports, but most of species do not have significant reaction.D.J.Turner rolls up supplementary issue at " applied biology annual report " the 106th: " agricultural chemicals check and cultivation annual 6 " (Annals of Applied BiologyVol.106 Supplement:Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars 6) (1985), 104-105 page or leaf report has efficient antagonism for wheat and barley plants kaolin to glyphosate herbicidal.Eveling and Turner do not have to cause that the abrasive method of plant cuticula or subcuticula uses kaolin.

Kill off the insect pests by directly using with abrasive powder; This powder can cause the too much dehydration of processed insect to the cuticular damage of insect.Roll up (1979) at M.Llewellyn and J.Eivaz at " applied entomology experiment " (Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata) the 26th, in the research of reporting in the 219-222 page or leaf, broad bean and as the food aphid the two all used some abrasive powder-processed simultaneously.The author advises can following the plant poudrage that aphid is invaded and harassed with the insecticide of interior absorption.Do not provide this powder to cause the evidence of plant injury.

Before the present invention, do not have open source literature suggestion or public use to be pushed into material and cause local physical damnification, be included in the dead or obviously damage of individual cells in the non-lignum of plant, with this method of carrying as the enhancing exogenous chemical substances.United States Patent (USP) discloses a kind of particle that is loaded with this material by propelling for No. 4945050 this material has been delivered to method in living cells and the tissue with given pace, and described speed makes granule penetration cell surface and is incorporated into cell interior.This patent points out that at the 1st hurdle eighth row this article disclosed method and apparatus can killer cell and tissue.And this method relates to conveying " biological substance " as protein, nucleic acid and cell fragment (referring to, for example the 7th hurdle 8-13 is capable), rather than defined herein have a relative low-molecular-weight, for example be not more than about 8000, preferably be not more than 2000, exogenous chemical substances more preferably no more than 1000.United States Patent (USP) disclose for No. 5179022 by more detailed disclosed method in U.S. patent No.4945050 with material " in non-fatal mode " be transported to living cells and the tissue in equipment.

Do not expect in the past or be contemplated to living tissue local physical damnification can become the improvement exogenous chemical substances enter the height effective method of the conveying of plant.Can clearly be seen that from above-cited document previous effort is to enter the living tissue barrier factors of plant in order to overcome exogenous chemical substances, these effort or (a) emphasize these are organized the physical damnification of minimum degree, for example, by restriction to the cuticular damage of non-work above these tissues, perhaps by selecting the particulate propelling induction system of the cell that not serious damage particulate seen through; Perhaps (b) relates to the grievous injury plant, causes the large number of biological material to be removed.This paper quoted has document all not have to propose non-lignum is given local physical damnification as reducing effective rate of application earlier, improve rain resistance or make before described damage, simultaneously or the desired effects of the exogenous chemical substances of using afterwards show earlier.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides and a kind of the effective dose exogenous chemical substances is transported to improved method in the non-wooden living tissue of plant.This method comprises following step: be instrument with the material that promotes out from device (a), cause the local physical damnification of significant degree, comprise a place wherein or it on or a few place stating the fatal injury of organizing individual cells or obviously damage; (b) described exogenous chemical substances is being arranged in or is imposing on plant near at least one place of described damage location.Step (b) was carried out in the effective time of step (a), and this point is important, and described damage neither causes removing in a large number the biological substance of plant, and the situation of the plant that described exogenous chemical substances seeks to relieve is worsened.

The local physically impaired material that is pushed into that causes that implementing the present invention needs for example can be made up of the continuous or semicontinuous material flow of discrete particle.Damage can be caused by mechanical force merely, as comprise with being pushed into material impact or friction.Be pushed into material the another way of the damage that needs can be provided is to carry under to the harmful temperature of living plant tissue.And the another way that is pushed into material and can provides required damage is to have pair plant tissue to have the material of chemical corrosivity to carry out under existing therein.Can take place more than a kind of above micromechanism of damage.Other micromechanism of damage can be included in the spirit or scope of the present invention, and does not deviate from the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, step (a) and (b) carry out together by the very near time interval.The present invention also provides equipment, when it is used in once by processed plant top, is pushed into material plant being produced local physical damnification, and plant is used exogenous chemical substances.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, step (a) and (b) carry out simultaneously, exogenous chemical substances be included in be used for causing required part physically impaired be pushed among the material or on.The invention provides equipment, it can be used for simultaneously plant being produced local physical damnification, and using exogenous chemical substances by containing the material that is pushed into of this exogenous chemical substances.The present invention also provides the composition that contains physical damnification agent and exogenous chemical substances simultaneously, defines in described physical damnification agent such as the literary composition.Goal of the invention

An object of the present invention is method by making allogenic material enter easily, the non-lignum of plant be carried exogenous chemical substances, thereby make the described material that is applied of higher proportion arrive its application point in plant, thereby allow the described material effect that unlikely reduction is desired according to using than low before this rate of application.

A further object of the present invention is to improve the rain resistance of the chemical substance of external application, promptly after using in a short time, as a few minutes in several hours, when natural or artificial rain taking place or during from top pouring, allogene mass-energy keeps its effectiveness to processed plant.

Still a further object of the present invention is that the symptom performance of the ideal effect of the exogenous chemical substances that plant is used is accelerated.

Another object of the present invention has provided the composition that contains exogenous chemical substances, when it is used according to the present invention, have above just mentioned with respect to any or all of advantage of used composition so far.

After reading specification, these and other objects will be clear, and hereinafter will more specifically describe the present invention who realizes these purposes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that is used for the equipment of the non-wooden living tissue example of the present invention of chemical treatment plant.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the equipment in another instantiation of the present invention.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

The invention provides and a kind of exogenous chemical substances is flowed to the non-wooden living tissue improvement side of plant Method, wherein said material and the physical damnification that acts on plant tissue are simultaneously or use according to the order of sequence, and be described The physical damnification order of severity is for being enough to kill or obviously damage individual cells. Though do not intend being limited to theory, But it is believed that this class local damage or other physical damnification that reach by enforcement the present invention pass through part Or all overcome and do not exist only in epidermis and cell membrane, and be present in will tissue the non-matter of no life Body divides and has the barrier in the film that life part (symplast) separates so that be easy to absorb and transportation outside The chemical substance that use in the source. May relate to the mechanism of removing outside the physical barriers. Draw according to this paper With document, the inventor is surprised to find that and comprises and individual cells is caused death or this of major injury at least The class damage can strengthen very significantly in some situation the efficient of multiple exogenous chemical substances transportation.

Essential feature of the present invention be damage be not by blade, rivet bucker, abrasive surface or with The similar device of equipment connection causes, but is caused by material that equipment advances, wherein is thing Matter rather than equipment cause damage. Really, in preferred implementation, equipment itself not with plant Thing or just in processed plant contact. Use is pushed into material so that can locate non-lignum Damage so that integral body of setup action is by major injury or kill, but would rather be with damage Be confined to other not among the damaged tissue or on Single locus or a plurality of typical site. Though Do not intend being limited to theory, but the curing quilt that it is believed that the health tissues around the damage location think may for Forward transportation after exogenous chemical substances absorbs is important.

Adopt such as this paper, term " exogenous chemical substances " refers to any chemical substance, and is natural or close Become to obtain, this material is applied to plant, and its purpose is to make it to enter plant living cells formula group Within knitting. The example of exogenous chemical substances includes but not limited to: chemical pesticide (for example herbicide, kill Algae agent, fungicide, bactericide, virucide, pesticide, aphicide, acarus-killing, kill Nematode agent, invertebrate poison etc.), plant growth regulator, chemical fertilizer and nutrient, gametocide (gametocides), defoliant, drier, their mixture etc.

Instruct such as " transportation " of exogenous chemical substances that this paper adopts and to cause it and enter the non-wooden work of plant Tissue can obtain accordingly described material to plant, phytopathogen, garden pest or lives in The required effect of invertebrate insect on the plant. In many cases, this needs the external source chemistry Material transports forward from its absorption site.

Adopt such as this paper, term " Local physical damage " finger injury is limited in the non-wooden work of plant Among the tissue or on one or more positions, described damage is by direct mechanical or chemical action institute Produce, include but not limited to impact, scratch, puncture, freezing, dehydration or corrosion, but get rid of right The non-direct inducing action of tissue, it is impaired to get rid of the physically impaired film function that makes that is not attended by film Effect is no matter this function damage is directly or is indirectly caused by the damage instrument.

The inventor finds, by being pushed into physical damnification that material the causes activity to exogenous chemical substances Have unique situation of strong antagonism, but namely be that allogenic material itself is sought to remedy but by thing The situation that the reason damage worsens or aggravates. These situations are easy to understand into those skilled in the art; They Comprise the disease by fungi or other pathogen-inducible, it is right that these diseases depend on to a certain extent The infection of plant surface damage. For example when a kind of fungicide is used to suppress this pathogen, make It is inappropriate using described fungicide with method of the present invention.

Local physical damage disclosed herein is preferred own (namely in the factor of not removing described damage Outside any processing, especially when the chemical substance that no external source is used) plant is not produced and obviously holds Damage of a specified duration. The time section that has any this class damage is not crucial, but as illustration may About 3 days to about 3 months scope, although may suit during longer or shorter, this Damage this paper is described as " temporary ". Really, compare with the plant that is without damage, suffer this The plant of damage itself does not demonstrate in growth, highly long-term significantly on (stature) or the phenotype Difference, although some little scars may long-term existence. Be required plant the target plant, for example Crops, grass or ornamental plant, the exogenous chemical substances of using is in order to promote plant Growth or when improving its outward appearance or protecting it to avoid the invasion and attack of insect or pathogen, damage as herein described Short-term characteristic do not have harm.

When the plant of processing is unwanted plant, weeds for example, the exogenous chemical substances of using is For example during herbicide, it then is favourable lacking the long-term damage that is caused by damage itself. In order to prove This point relates to acellular film physical damnification, but the method for the prior art of physiological damage tendency Can suppress chronically the transportation of herbicide or the effect of usefulness in producing. A good example is: make With diphenyl ether herbicide for example acifluorfen and inner sucting herbicide, such as glyphosate together co-treatment The time, wherein the effect of the quick damaging cells film of diphenyl ether produces the early symptom of herbicidal activity, But the long-term effect that has suppressed inner sucting herbicide. In practice of the present invention, damage from Local physical Do not cause above-mentioned long term inhibition effect.

If physical damnification itself too generally or too serious, it causes the big of plant biological material like this Amount is eliminated or most cells death, and can produce lasting damage, and this kind damage is at model of the present invention Outside enclosing. And, may can be used for keeping, absorb and application of substances is transported owing to having reduced To the area of the Woody plant of action site part, before this damage, simultaneously or use afterwards The transportation of exogenous chemical substances may be lowered rather than promoted. Cut cut down, prune, cut cut and Chopping is for removing the example that plays damaging action of large number of biological material, therefore the scope of the invention it Outward. Yet, if use exogenous chemical substances in the term of validity after use is pushed into material, this Before or afterwards in an independently working plant cut and cut down, prune, cut and cut or shred, described Use and advance material to cause the Local physical damage to be included within the scope of the invention. Carrying out according to this Before the processing of invention, cut down, prune, cut and cut or remove greatly with other method if plant has cut Measure biological substance, sometimes really can increase the operability of this method.

Those skilled in the art are readily appreciated that, local physically impaired degree also may be too light so that can not accelerates before local physical damnification, simultaneously or the transportation of the exogenous chemical substances of using thereafter.Be used for the physically impaired significant degree of the object of the invention be: when being applied, cause the exogenous chemical substances of effective dose to be transferred according to the present invention.It normally but be not restricted to apoplast and the plasmodial degree of injury that exposes non-lignum.The cell membrane barrier is destroyed, so that the evidence that apoplast and plasomidum come out is: after causing physical damnification with the propelling material, can observe the cell drain thing increases quite a lot of.This outflow can be detected by sensation and confirm, the wet or smooth appearance of for example processed plant part, the volatile material that can be detected the gas miaow that perhaps discharges.Under lab, outflow can utilize standard conductometer or commercial method of protein detection to detect the content of electrolyte in the washing thing of processed part surface or albumen and detect.The method of another detection cell rupture relates in processed part uses known coloring agent, for example Evans indigo plant.

Wish and preferably be pushed into material processed to produce many tiny damages.Generally speaking, to the damage of blade or other non-wooden plant parts in the upper limit with interior The more the better, be limited on described: the overall impairment of plant part is begun to limit it exogenous chemical substances is transported to the ability of action site, perhaps defunctionalization quite seriously will cause long-term infringement.But the type and the quantity of local physically impaired accurate the best often depend on: the exogenous chemical substances of using; The kind of processed plant, type body size and age; Environmental condition and other factor.Those skilled in the art utilizes quantity of parameters disclosed herein can found through experiments for the only material processing method that is pushed in various concrete application scenarios.

Plant tissue that the term of this paper " non-wooden " is suitable for or part relate to the above-ground organs that leaf (comprising blade, petiole, stipule, ocrea and sheath), grass blade and other lignification secondary tissues that does not have certain degree break up.Usually still without limitation, the tissue as target of the present invention is covered by keratinization epidermis rather than secondary phelloderm.Modal processed tissue is positioned at leaf.

Using exogenous chemical substances must use carry out in the scope effective time after being pushed into material to cause physical damnification.Two critical step of this of the inventive method can be undertaken by any order, also can carry out simultaneously.Preferably, before damage is handled, be no more than about 5 days with interior or be no more than about 5 days with interior this exogenous chemical substances of using thereafter, but this and non-key.More preferably, if used exogenous chemical substances before damage is handled, the time between this two step is no more than 2 days so.In of the present invention even the embodiment that is more preferably, this two step carries out simultaneously or carries out simultaneously basically.This has following advantage: (1) two step can realize above once by processed plant; (2) realize that two means that go on foot can be provided by same equipment under situation if desired; And (3) if necessary, and this exogenous chemical substances can be included in this top or the inside that is pushed into material, and perhaps this exogenous chemical substances itself promptly constitutes and is pushed into material to form damage.

Be pushed into material and from suitable propulsion plant, gush out, and it can take any in many forms on apparent.The form that is pushed into material depends on the person's character and the design of blowoff to a great extent.For example be pushed into the particle that material can contain solid form independently or liquid form, perhaps be the form of continuous liquid stream or semicontinuous liquid stream.

Preferred granular material is a solid abrasive.Under some situation, exogenous chemical substances itself may be prepared the form that becomes solid abrasive, and in single stepping, realize two steps of this method.When using the solid particle abrasive material, it can be by gas or liquid medium ejection from propulsion plant.Preferred gas medium is an air, but nitrogen, carbonic acid gas or admixture of gas also are available substitutes.The acceleration of abrasive grain in this medium can for example in sander or sander, be given these particles and realize with energy by pressurization or afterburning.Preferred liquid medium is a water, the solid abrasive particle suspending wherein, and if necessary, exogenous chemical substances by preparation to the inside.

Another kind of preferable material is a liquid, most preferably is water, and it sprays from propulsion plant with the enough energy and the power that can produce required degree damage.For example a water under high pressure ejection device or a liquid grind oilstone (liquid hone) just can provide enough energy or power.But normally without limitation, this water injector is surpassing 250 pounds/square inch (1727 kPas), preferably surpassing work under the pressure of 500 pounds/square inch (3445 kPas), the aperture of the nozzle that adopts is about 0.002-0.12 inch (0.051-0.30 millimeter), the scope of using style that obtains is the 0-10 level, is preferably the 0-5 level.In the place that contacts with tissue, energy flux index range according to high-pressure sprayer of the present invention is about 0.004-0.01BTU/ square inch (a 0.65-1.6 joule/square centimeter), and the power flow index range is 5000-40000BTU/ hour/square inch (8.2 joules/hour/square centimeters-6.5x106 joule/square centimeter).Though it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that if necessary, higher or lower index also is suitable.If desired, this liquid also can contain the solid abrasive particle of suspension.

The combination that can select a plurality of physical descriptors realizes required degree of injury to use suitable amount of energy and rate of application in unit are.These variablees comprise: mass flow; Propulsion plant is to the distance on blade face; Active force or pressure; The dispersion of collimation or liquid; Density of liquid and rheology; The characteristic of particle and form comprise particle diameter, angularity, hardness and density; And spray how much and form.

The illustrative limiting examples of the useful solid abrasive particle in the present invention practice comprises: the material of being made up of any geology mineral, for example clay (for example kaolin), silica, quartz, garnet, alumina, barite, diamond dust or metal oxide, carbonate, sulphate or phosphate; Any siliceous or calcareous life entity, for example diatom; Artificial resin; Glass; Microcapsules; Coating or uncoated crystal comprise exogenous chemical substances or the known adjuvant or the preparation composition (for example ammonium sulfate) of inertia of any solid form; Perhaps derive from the material of plant, for example the walnut shell of Fen Suiing.But the abrasive material of Ying Yonging comprises and anyly can produce the physically impaired material in part described herein herein.It is favourable using the mixture of different abrasive materials under some special situation.

Abrasive grain can be selected any suitable particle diameter, but particle diameter usually about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters scope.

It is believed that the not restriction of abrasive consumption of unit are, as long as device is available, perhaps device can be designed to use this amount and gets final product.For example as, when using Barton MinesCorporation, North Creek, during 200 order garnets of New York supply, usage amount may be in the scope of about 0.1-1000 pound/acre (0.11-1120 kg/ha), more may be in the scope of about 1-600 pound/acre (1.12-672 kg/ha), for example in the scope of about 25-300 pound/acre (28-336 kg/ha).

When solid abrasive or high pressure liquid jet be used to non-lignum is produced local physically impaired the time, damage is general produce from the collision and the relevant mechanical forces that rubs.A kind of alternative method is: will be pushed into material heating or be cooled to the disadvantageous temperature of plant tissue, and some or all of depend on this disadvantageous temperature to produce required damage.The temperature of term " unfavorable " means this temperature beyond following temperature range herein, is in a period of time very short under this temperature when woody plant tissure that is:, and in for example several seconds, the survival of described tissue allows.

In an embodiment preferred of the present invention, what be pushed into material is the temperature to tissue generation part frozen to the disadvantageous temperature of plant.Under this situation, frostbite is the violent physical damnification that causes under the disadvantageous low temperature by being exposed to suddenly; It includes, but are not limited to following effect, for example in cell or iuntercellular form ice crystal, local dehydration and combination thereof.In order to produce this damage, this is pushed into the water that freezes that material can for example contain any physical form, for example ice crystal.In an especially preferred embodiment, be pushed into and contain the solid phase carbonic acid gas in the material.When the solid phase carbonic acid gas distilled on plant surface, it absorbed the apparent amount in sublimate and the surrounding tissue simultaneously, thereby produced frostbite.Can be in propulsion plant the accelerating solid dioxide crystal so that the combination of frictionally damage and frostbite to be provided simultaneously; Perhaps can from propulsion plant, spray them, make them mainly under the effect of gravity, fall the surface of plant with the form of carbonic acid gas " snow " with very little power.

When being pushed into material is when freezing water or solid phase carbonic acid gas, exogenous chemical substances can be randomly be pushed into that material mixes or preparation together.

Also having another kind can be by chemical attack with the method that is pushed into the required damage of material production.In one embodiment of the invention, this is pushed into material and contains the chemical substance that the non-wooden living tissue of plant is had corrosiveness.The corrosion of Shi Yonging in the present invention relates to the chemical breakdown to lipid and polymer, to destroy or to damage the machinery support of tissue or the integrality of tissue.The preferred corrosive agent of one class is a strong alkali aqueous solution, for example the hydroxide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammoniacal liquor.This corrosive agent can independently be used in the container at one according to conventional spray method, perhaps preferably uses in containing the same solution of this exogenous chemical substances.

The useful exogenous chemical substances that available the inventive method is used is usually but nonexcludability ground is these materials: they be supposed to can to the plant of needs for example the overall growth or the productive rate in crops have useful effect, perhaps can have effect harmful or that cause death to the growth of unwanted plant weeds.Preferred material is long-living conditioning agent of agricultural chemicals, plant or gametocide.Particularly preferred material is a weed killer herbicide, and particularly those use weed killer herbicide on the leaf that does not need plant at post-emergence application usually, though this method may be effectively same to the weed killer herbicide that needs pre-emergence application usually.

The weed killer herbicide that available method of the present invention is used includes but not limited to any weed killer herbicide of listing in the canonical reference book of seeing, described canonical reference book is " weed killer herbicide handbook (Herbicide Handbook) for example, U.S. weeds science association (Weed Science Society of America), the 7th edition (1994).Say it for example, they comprise: asulam; Bentazone; Bilanafos; Two pyridine compounds are paraquat, bromacil for example; The cyclonene compound is sethoxydim, dicamba for example; Diphenyl ether compound, for example trifluoro ether carboxylic acid, Fomesafen and Oxyfluorfen; Creeping weed phosphorus; Amine grass azoles; Grass ammonium phosphine; Glyphosate; Hydroxy benzonitrile class, for example Brominal; Imidazolone type is Imazethapyr, isoxaben for example; Phenoxy group compound for example 2,4-D; Phenoxypropionic acid ester is the spirit of quinoline wood, picloram for example; Replace for example fluometuron of urea; For example the close Huang of chlorine is grand for sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron and ethyl methyl; Triazines is atrazine and piperazine humulone for example.The derivative with removing activity of any weed killer herbicide is if use according to method of the present invention, all within the scope of the invention.The derivative with removing activity of so-called weed killer herbicide refers to less structurally-modified any compound of this known weed killer herbicide, but it is without limitation the most general, they are the salt or the ester of known weed killer herbicide, described compound has kept the fundamental characteristics of parent weed killer herbicide, though it not necessarily has and parent weed killer herbicide equally valid.But normally without limitation, described compound was converted into the parent weed killer herbicide before or after entering the processing plant.With other composition or more than a kind of mixture of weed killer herbicide or altogether preparation equally within the scope of the invention.

Particularly preferred weed killer herbicide is glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) or its salt or ester in the inventive method, or a kind ofly is converted into glyphosate within plant tissue or otherwise provides the compound of glyphosate ion.The useful herein glyphosate and the example of salt thereof are disclosed in United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 799, in No. 758.According to the present invention can with the salt of glyphosate include but not limited to: alkali metal salt is sodium salt and sylvite for example; Ammonium salt; Alkylamine, for example salt of dimethylamine and isopropylamine; Alkyl sulfonium salt, for example trimethyl sulfonium salt; Its mixture etc.

For the required effect that makes the exogenous chemical substances that is administered on the plant reaches significant degree, must use by effective rate of application, described rate of application shows with the scale of the allogenic material of processed in units area usually." significant degree " determined by subjectivity on some degree.For example under the weed killer herbicide situation, produce an example that 80% floristic control be can be used as effective rate of application, described control ratio is determined by measuring growth inhibition or lethality.A significant advantage of the inventive method promptly is, compares with the method that same substance is used under the situation that is not pushed into material damage, and the rate of application of external source chemicals material is generally relatively low, and is much lower under some situation.

Another embodiment of the invention is to realize the device of two committed steps of this method when being used for above once by the processing plant simultaneously.The illustrative example of this type of device is illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and explanation hereinafter.

Device provided herein comprises: (a) a kind of propelling is pushed into the instrument of material, when the non-wooden living tissue that is pushed into material bump plant or when contacting with it, can produce the local physical damnification of significant degree, comprise that the individual cells that makes described in-house one or more sites is deadly or significantly injured; (b) a kind ofly be arranged in or exogenous chemical substances be administered to instrument on the plant near at least one place of described injury site; Wherein said instrument (a) and (b) so arrange makes and uses exogenous chemical substances before being pushed into material bump or contact plant tissue, take place simultaneously or afterwards.Should be emphasized that device (a) reaches and (b) can be same device, but perhaps the two is similar independently of one another, perhaps the two difference.Described damage itself does not cause removing the large number of biological material of plant, and is unlikely to worsen the plant situation that described exogenous chemical substances is sought to improve.

This device also can randomly contain (c) a kind of device, and it is used for will being pushed into material when propulsion plant sprays or before this, will be pushed into the temperature rising of material or be reduced to the unfavorable temperature of definition herein.

Now referring to Fig. 1, it is that nonrestrictive explanation is with scheming.Should be pointed out that several partly form device 1 by one or multiple, have a device that is used to move, perhaps it can link to each other with a device that is used to move, and the described device that is used to move makes device to move above with processed plant 2.A kind of propelling or accelerator 3 are one of elements of device 1, and the feasible material 4 that sprays from propulsion plant 3 is by being the dispersion and the alignment device 5 directed plants of one of device 1 element equally.The storage 6 that is used to store material 4 that will ejection is elements of device 1, and is linked to each other with propulsion plant 3 by conduit 7.Exogenous chemical substances application device 8 is one of elements of device 1, it is positioned at the position arranged side by side with propulsion plant 3, makes by being that the dispersion of an element of device 1 and alignment device 10 were spread before or after being pushed into material 4 and plant 2 contacts from the exogenous chemical substances 9 of exogenous chemical substances application device 8 ejections and be spread across on the plant 2 equally.Should be understood that the shop of material 4 and exogenous chemical substances 9 is spilt and can almost be carried out simultaneously or have slightly on the time staggering.The relative position of propulsion plant 3 and chemical substance application device 8 is for making them by this moving in tandem.The storage 11 that is used to store the material 9 that will be sprayed is elements of device 1, and it links to each other with exogenous chemical substances application device 8 by conduit 12.Contain the solid abrasive particle that in gas medium, advances if be pushed into material 4, then propulsion plant 3 can be any conventional apparatus, such as the sander or its modified that are designed to quicken by the particle of the inventive method, particle disperses or aims to plant 2 by device 5 whereby.In addition, being pushed into material 4 and can be fluid, for example mainly is water.Propulsion plant 3 can be any conventional apparatus in this case, high-pressure sprayer for example, perhaps device many similar functions, that be used for quickening water or other fluid is any, wherein fluid stream be limited in and by afterburning by slot or spray nozzle device 5, with Continuous Flow or semicontinuous stream or sequence of droplets to processed plant 2 is sprayed.If being pushed into 4 pairs of non-lignums of plant of material, to cause the mechanism of local damage be not to depend on mechanicals efforts, for example relate to the situation that is pushed into material bump or friction with spraying, but the mechanism of chemical attack or unfavorable Temperature Treatment, propulsion plant 3 might not be designed to the type of remarkable accelerated material 4.Exogenous chemical substances application device 8 can be anyly uses the conventional apparatus of chemical substance to plant, and for example hydraulic pressure, gas help or rotating disc type sprinkler, string rope formula application device, blanket roller (carpted roller) etc.Need by the direction of hope with the situation that can determine application rate and rate of application and use under, for one of abrasive material or exogenous chemical substances or both, device 1 can be designed as and has suitable adjustable valve, metering device, instrument and control device, accurately to carry selected amount, should selected amount can be predetermined or optional, perhaps continually varying in processing procedure.If necessary, can use many devices 1 by various ways.

Now referring to Fig. 2, it is a non-limiting figure who is used to illustrate.Should be noted that, this device 16 is for the needs that cover alignment area, is made up of one or several parts of multiple, has a device that is used to move, perhaps link to each other with a device (not shown) that is used to move, it makes device can move above with processed plant 2.One advances or accelerator 17 is elements of device 16, make from be equally the material 18 of propulsion plant 17 ejections of an element of device 16 by a dispersion and alignment device 19 compass plants 2, device 19 is another elements of device 16.The storage 20 that is used to store the abrasive material material is elements of device 16, and links to each other with mixing arrangement 22 by conduit 21, and mixing arrangement 22 is another elements of device 16.The storage 23 of a contain exogenous chemical substances is an element of device 16, and links to each other with mixing arrangement 22 by conduit 24.Mixing arrangement 22 is by a conduit or enter the mouth and 25 place side by side rightly with propulsion plant 17, make before the mechanism of propulsion plant 17 or among, abrasive material can mix like that rapidly according to the inventive method is desired with exogenous chemical substances.When using ejection material 18 with liquid form, for example work in routine under the enough power in utilization and spray water with high pressure equipment or similar devices during with the method implementing the present invention and describe, the abrasive material of solid particulate form is mixed with the exogenous chemical substances of liquid state mixing arrangement 22 mutually or vice versa.In addition, when ejection material 18 is used by dried particle, when for example using common sander or similar device, each material that mixing arrangement 22 can the hybrid solid particle form may need to grind or finishing simultaneously.Also having a kind of alternative method is abrasive material or the exogenous chemical substances that this mixing chamber 22 can be designed to the mixing material form, perhaps arbitrary among both is solid and another kind is a liquid when independent, for example form solid particle then, then be transported on the plant 2 by dispersion and alignment device 19 by propulsion plant 17 with solid particulate form by freezing or evaporation drying.Under situation about need use with confirmable application rate and rate of application by the direction of hope, for one of abrasive material and/or exogenous chemical substances or both, adjustable valve, metering device, instrument and control device that device 16 can be designed to have needs, with accurate conveying known quantity or scheduled volume with and ratio continually varying amount.If necessary, can use many devices 1 by various ways.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a kind of composition, and it provides exogenous chemical substances simultaneously and causes local physically impaired material.Except that this exogenous chemical substances, said composition also for example contains capacity can produce the following material that damages of causing of one or more of desirable infringement effect: a kind of solid abrasive particle as above more abundant description; A kind of chemical mordant more specifically is a kind of alkali, for example hydroxide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammoniacal liquor; Or be the pressurization liquid carbon dioxide.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that independently plant conditions, weather and upgrowth situation and selected concrete exogenous chemical substances have influence on the degree that the present invention was effective of implementing.The amount of used effective exogenous chemical substances is the function of above-mentioned condition, to realize acceptable usefulness.Those skilled in the art will recognize that equally according to the difference of service condition and selected exogenous chemical substances, a kind of or more kinds of advantage can be obvious; Yet be not that whole benefit described herein all can show.

EXAMPLE Example 1-9

Be used for illustrating these embodiment of the present invention, the seed of processed species is being planted in 3 inches (7.6 centimetres) being filled with the steam sterilized soil that contains a small amount of fertilizer or 4 inches (10.1 centimetres) square basins.For some kinds, soil mixture adds that by 50%Metromix 350 50% silt loam forms, and to wherein adding 100 gram/cubic feet (3.57 kilograms per cubic meter) Osmocote fertilizer, and seed covers with the identical soil mixture that does not add fertilizer.For other kinds, soil mixture is made up of 100% silt loam, wherein adds 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25 kilograms per cubic meter) IBDU fertilizer, and seed adds that with the 50%Rediearth that does not add fertilizer the mixture of 50% silt loam covers.Basin is placed in greenhouse or the growth room, and underground pouring, with the seedling thinning that occurs, is generally every basin 2 strain plants as required, depend on floristic difference, the method according to this invention usually after sowing 10 to 20 days, plant emerge post processing it.Go wrong if take root (being confined to the grass seeds class usually), provide a spot of from above and water, until sprouting to promote the growth of better root.Cultivate perennial grass in the same way,, use hand-held electric pruning tool usually they to be pruned into about 1.5-2 inch (3.8-5.0cm) highly except that allowing them grow the rhizome.After sowing 1 month, the method according to this invention is to they post processings of germinateing.

The kind of these embodiment tests is: embodiment 1 big  fiber crops (Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH) embodiment 2 Siberian cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium, XANST) embodiment 3 barnyard grasses (Echinochloa crusgalli, ECHCG) embodiment 4 Cassia tora (Cassia obtusifolia, CASOB) embodiment 5 sesbanias (Sesbania exaltata, SEBEX) embodiment 6 summer cypress (Kochia scoparia, KCHSC) embodiment 7 salsola collinas (Salsola kali, SASKR) embodiment 8 bermuda grasses (Cynodon dactylon, CYNDA) embodiment 9 big broomcorn millets (Panicum maximum, PANMA)

To being 85 of daytimes (29 ℃) except the greenhouse of other outer all kinds setting of SASKR and the temperature of growth room, night (21 ℃), light application time is 14-14.5 hour, and for SASKR, be 65 °F (18 ℃) the temperature daytime that is provided with, be (10 ℃) night, and light application time is 14-14.5 hour.Before handling and the setting of retention time afterwards.

The acrial part of plant is subjected to by the physical damnification that is pushed among the embodiment that abrasive material particles 200 sieve mesh garnets cause, and wherein average footpath of garnet is 75 μ m.This is by the hand-held Sears Craftsman that uses compressed air-driven ^TMSander (model 491167060) provides, and nozzle is placed on that about 20 inches (51cm) locate on the plant top, is operating under the largest room air pressure of about 50 pounds/square inch (350 kPas).In most cases, but depend on different floristic differences, move with the speed of about 1 feet per second (30 cel) with sander and cause 3 roads that output is altogether more than the garnet of 500 pounds/acre (560 kg/ha) usually.The basin of half in every research has been accepted the processing of the abrasive material described just now, and half does not accept the processing of abrasive material.

Then in the factorial experiment of triplicate designs usually, plant is carried out different weed killer herbicides and rainwater processing.During each the processing, use a track sprayer to locate scratch and do not abrade plant to spray in 16 inches of plant over top (41 centimetres).Sprayer is calibrated to carries 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare) water, and it has a 8002E nozzle, and described nozzle has one 50 mesh sieve.Employed weed killer herbicide is the isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate among these embodiment, and its form is the moisture concentrate formulation of Monsanto company.Flushing liquor is made by liquid storage, and liquid storage is by dilution MON2139 preparation in water.Abbreviation " a.e. " means acid equivalent herein.

For greenhouse research, by this way basin is separated, those that promptly will accept " rain " (top is watered and spilt) are placed in and those zones that separate of not accepting " rain ".In each zone, first group the basin that forms repeated test is placed on one according to processing sequence, so that observe, and the repeated test sample under the umbrella randomly is placed on other separation region.Rainy in order to simulate, use an automatic irrigation system that plant is carried out the sky pouring of about 0.125 inch (0.32 centimetre), this carries out after 1 hour using weed killer herbicide usually.

For the research of growth room, the plant that will accept " rain " temporarily is positioned in the greenhouse, in 1 hour, gives its about 0.125 inch (0.32cm) pouring from top with automatic irrigation system usually after using weed killer herbicide.For the ease of observing, first group of repeat sample puts together by processing sequence, and the residue repeat sample is randomly placed the separation region of growth room.

12-18 days at interval after; This time interval is different with test with test; According to comparing with untreated check plant; the control percentage with to processed plant carries out visual assessment to removing activity.Average control percentage to each time processing calculates, and is reported in following table.1：12ABUTH ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 0 00.014 0 57 0 450.028 0 72 0 600.056 3 80 7 770.11 60 92 0 780.22 75 98 15 930.45 92 100 38 1000.90 99 602：15XANST ( Kg a.e/ ) 0 0 0 0.014 0 37 0 70.028 7 30 0 500.056 13 83 0 770.11 67 97 7 890.22 92 100 62 1000.45 100 100 88 1000.90 100 953：15ECHCG ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 7 00.014 8 8 0 30.028 0 7 7 170.056 13 20 0 100.11 27 57 8 350.22 83 81 35 730.45 97 97 74 860.90 100 864：13CASOB ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 5 50.028 35 45 0 630.056 65 80 13 800.11 95 85 53 840.22 98 95 65 1000.45 98 94 78 900.90 100 100 82 1001.40 100 835：14SEBEX ( Kg a.e/ ) 0 0 00.11 0 0 0 100.21 0 7 0 200.43 0 17 0 200.84 23 55 7 531.1 60 78 7 581.40 73 75 13 751.68 76 576：16KCHSC ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 0 120.04 3 23 8 500.028 0 37 5 400.056 5 27 15 230.11 13 37 15 630.2 58 84 20 600.45 99 100 37 950.90 100 537：18SASKR ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 3 30.014 0 30 0 280.028 13 22 0 300.056 17 27 7 300.11 17 42 10 370.2 10 75 0 850.45 84 94 0 850.90 99 458：15CYNDA ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 18 00.056 10 3 0 30.1 10 10 0 00.2 35 42 3 100.45 59 77 27 530.89 82 83 53 711.12 98 98 68 791.40 99 629：15PANMA ( Kg a.e./ ) 0 0 00.056 12 15 10 420.1 12 45 13 560.2 50 60 52 600.45 85 73 74 820.89 95 87 83 941.1 100 85 92 1001.40 99 9910

Be used for illustrating present embodiment of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrastc, planting seed ABUTH) contains 100% silt loam soil at 4 inches (10.1cm), has wherein added 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) in the square basin of IBDU fertilizer, the mixture that adds 50% silt loam with 50%Rediearth covers.These basins of sub-irrigation are sprouted the back thinning and are become every basin 2 strain plants.Allow plant growing in the greenhouse, wherein day temperature is set to 85 °F (29 ℃), and be 70 ℃ °F (21 ℃) night, and illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.

Plant after 16 days, fully the 200 purpose garnets that are pushed into as usefulness as described in the embodiment 1-9 are half plant scratch, remaining half be not scratched.

Then repeating sample by 3 groups makes plant accept different herbicide treatment.The weed killer herbicide that is used for this example is the isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate.Use with composition by the particle form of following method preparation.By at first preparing the glyphosate a.e. solution of 10% (w/w) with the solution of the isopropyl amine salt of the glyphosate of 47g water dilution 13g62.7%.In the bottle of 1 gallon (3.8 liters), add 340g amorphous silica (Hisil233).This bottle is placed on the roller mill, adds this 10% glyphosate a.e solution with syringe.Rotate this material until seeming even.Prepare the powder of the glyphosate a.e. that contains 1.5% (w/w) like this.By mixing the glyphosate a.e powder that 200g1.5%a.e. powder and 200g Hisil233 make 0.75% (w/w).

0.75%a.e. powder under the various rate of application of pre-weighing to be covering the square of 3 feet * 3 feet (0.9 meter * 0.9 meters), square measure experimentally and mark it.Volume in the time of will using cumulative volume and increase to the highest rate of application with starch granules.Whole particles are levigate, and screening is to the appropriate particle size of 75 μ m.Whole repeat samples under definite then glyphosate rate of application are a regional random placement that demarcates, and the mixture that this dry preparation adds starch is vibrated the top that bottle is sprayed onto this zone equably with one, this vibration bottle has a lid, is drilled with the hole of some 0.125 inch (0.32 centimetre) on it.

Then giving slight " rain " to the one group of plant that receives particle disposal handles, gush forth is placed in the spray column, this tower is calibrated to the water of carrying 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare), and 16 inches (41cm) goes out to have a 8002E nozzle that has 50 mesh sieves above plant.Then all plants are positioned over and are used for remaining experiment in the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation.For the ease of observing, first sample is positioned in the interval by processing sequence, remaining sample optionally is placed in two independent intervals.

After using weed killer herbicide 14 days at interval after; Carry out the naked eyes evaluation with estimation for the weed killer herbicide efficient of the control percentage form of untreated control plant processing plant relatively.Calculate the average control percentage of each time processing, and be shown in the following table. embodiment 10: use glyphosate and after 14 days the control percentage glyphosate unit consumption of ABUTH is not abraded not scratch scratch 0030 00.01 030 00.02 300 80.04 000 230.08 0 20 0 280.17 0 31 3 690.34 7 44 0 430.67 0 embodiment 11-12 without rain light rain (Kg a.e./hectare)

In these embodiment as illustration of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrasti, planting seed ABUTH) is containing 100% silt loam soil, has wherein added 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) in 4 inches (10.1cm) square basins of IBDU fertilizer, add that with 50%Rediearth the mixture of 50% silt loam covers.These basins of sub-irrigation are sprouted the back and are become every basin 2 strain plants in thinning.Allow plant growing in the greenhouse, wherein day temperature is set to 85 °F (29 ℃), and be 70 ℃ °F (21 ℃) night, and illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.

Fully described as embodiment 1-9, use the 200 sieve mesh garnets that are pushed into to use abrasive material.The weed killer herbicide that is used for these embodiment is the glyphosate as its isopropyl amine salt, and it is used as the MON2139 with dilution that describes among the embodiment 1-9 fully.

Scratch and the time period of using between the weed killer herbicide change as follows.In embodiment 11, in the short time period, apply all scratches and handle, before scratch 24,4 and 2 hours, when scratch, (in practical operation, before herbicide application, produce scratch immediately) and weed killer herbicide is used in the scratch back in the time of 2,4,24 hours.One group of scratch plant is not at any time all accepted weed killer herbicide.In addition, do not use weed killer herbicide two times to abrading plant.(i) when scratch and (ii) abrade back 24 hours.In embodiment 12, use all weed killer herbicides at short notice, and before using weed killer herbicide 5,2 and 1 days, cause scratch after (in practical operation, causing scratch before the herbicide application immediately) when using weed killer herbicide and using weed killer herbicide 1,2 and 5 day the time.In addition, do not use weed killer herbicide to abrading plant.

To handle triplicate at every turn.After the processing, place the greenhouse to be used for remaining experiment all plants, and sub-irrigation.For the ease of observing, according to the order of handling first sample is positioned in the interval, remaining sample arbitrarily is placed in two independent intervals.

12-14 after using weed killer herbicide days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with estimation for the weed killer herbicide efficient of the control percentage form of untreated control plant processing plant relatively.Calculate the average control percentage of each experiment, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 11: use glyphosate control percentage to ABUTH after 14 days

Glyphosate rate of application (Kg a.e./hectare)

Handle 0 0.056 0.11 0.22

Before the scratch

24h 45 76

4h 79 94

2h 73 85

0h 0 70 78

After the scratch

2h 68 83

4h 73 82

24h 52 78

Not scratch

(i) 0 0 5 77

(ii) 0 30 63 embodiment 12: use glyphosate control percentage to ABUTH after 12 days

Glyphosate rate of application (Kg a.e./hectare) is processed 0 0.056 0.11 0.22 0.45 0.89 scratches scratch in front 5 days 0 52 73 97 100 100 2 days 0 76 93 100 100 100 1 days 0 77 92 100 100 100 0 days 0 79 95 100 100 100 and was not abraded 00 42 80 100 100 embodiment 13 in rear 1 day 0 63 90 97 100 100 2 days 0 37 53 90 100 100 5 days 00 59 84 100 100

In present embodiment, carry out field experiment to confirm the actual efficiency of disclosed this method as illustration of the present invention.Before handling in about 1 month the closely knit farm that is planted in midwestern Illinois of sowing ratio with FS-435 winter wheat (TRZAW) with 90 pounds/acre (101kg/ hectares).

Use comprises the piecemeal experimental design of 3 repeat samples.Herbicide treatment is applied to main plot; Part in every is accepted scratch as described below and is handled, and the remainder in this piece is not scratched.Used hand-held Sears Craftsman sander abrades among the use embodiment 1-9, and air source wherein is for being arranged on the air compressor of 140 pounds/square inch (827 kPas).In sander operating period, pressure is reduced to about 110 pounds/square inch (827 kPas).The sander nozzle is arranged on TRZAW top 20 inches (51mm) and locates.2 feet * 6 feet (61cm * 183cm), high 20 inches (51cm) height, the basin at the tool top or the end is not placed on the burst part that will be scratched, and 4 ducts that cover at least 4 inches (10cm) wide sander are designed to keep in the vertical 4 seconds of every road.Then basin is moved to contiguous first scratch zone, the scratch in second zone in this subregion is fully as above described and is taken place.Before beginning was handled in spraying, all parts of this subregion were by reaching 2 hours, and 10 minutes complete scratch method abrades.

Subregion CO is born in use ₂The sprayer of pressurization provides herbicide treatment.Total spraying area of each subregion is 6.7 feet * 20 feet (2.0 meters * 6.6 meters), and the scratch zone is 2 feet * 12 feet (0.6 meter * 3.6 meters).The spray boom that band has 4 the 11001 flat fan nozzles of taper of 50 sieve meshes sieves is used to 32 pounds/square inch (220 kPas), carries 10 gallon/acre (94 liters/hectare) hydrojet with about 3 miles per hours (4.9 kms/hour).Except TRZAW, the weeds kind is also sprayed, it comprise buttercup (Ranunculus Sp., RANSS), semolina (LepidiumSp., LEPSS) and be dispersed in annual weed in some other winter in the subregion.

The weed killer herbicide of present embodiment test be its isopropyl amine salt glyphosate its be the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company; Be the careless ammonium phosphine of ammonium salts, it is that the commodity of Agr EVO respectively are the moisture concentrate formulation form of Basta; And be the paraquat of dichloride salt, it is that the commodity of Zeneca respectively are the moisture concentrate formulation form of Gramoxone Super.The premeasuring weed killer herbicide, and use three rinse methods that it is added in the water volume.Handled back 18 days, and carried out the naked eyes evaluation to be estimated as the weed killer herbicide efficient of the various types of control percentage form in the treatment region of comparing with untreated check plot.Calculate each average control percentage of handling, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 13: the percentage control of using weed killer herbicide three kinds of kinds after 18 days.Herbicide application rate TRZAS RANSS LEPSS (Kg a.e.ora.i./public affairs scratch scratch scratch

Hectare) no weed killer herbicide 0 10 0505

Glyphosate

0.069 32 76 28 58 30 60

0.140 63 89 58 79 63 82

0.28 68 87 41 64 58 84

0.42 67 88 55 75 60 83

0.56 69 92 53 74 68 78

0.84 76 94 59 72 68 84

Phosphine oxamate

0.069 11 46 17 53 25 50

0.140 40 86 35 81 40 78

0.28 66 85 56 75 60 87

0.42 86 95 81 94 82 90

0.56 93 99 92 97 89 95

1.12 96 100 86 100 93 99

Paraquat

0.069 25 75 35 56 40 68

0.140 30 82 39 63 45 67

0.28 48 92 49 71 60 76

0.42 60 95 47 65 64 79

0.56 64 97 50 67 66 82

1.12 86 99 62 85 79 87 embodiment 14

The seed of weeds kind that will will be processed in as the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention is planted in the square basin of 3 inches (7.6cm) or 4 inches (10.1cm), and the silt loam of the steam sterilizing that contains a small amount of fertilizer is housed in this basin.For some kinds, silt loam adds that by 50,%Me,tro,mix,350 50% silt loam forms, and wherein adds 100 gram/cubic feet (3.57kg/m ³) Osmocote fertilizer, cover seed with soil mixture identical but that do not add fertilizer.For other kind, soil mixture is made up of 100% silt loam, wherein adds 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m ³) IBDV fertilizer, seed is added that with the 50%Rediearth that does not add fertilizer the mixture of 50% silt loam covers.Basin is placed room temperature and sub-irrigation, and thinning becomes to be generally every basin 2 strain plants as required.According to kind, after plantation, plant was sprouted post processing in 10 to 20 days usually according to method of the present invention.Go wrong if take root (being limited to the herbage kind usually), slight watering is provided on top, until sprouting to promote the growth of better root.

In the present embodiment Shi Yan kind be big  fiber crops velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH) and wild broomcorn millet millet (Panicum miliuceum, PANMI).Be 85 °F (29 ℃) temperature daytime in the greenhouse that is provided with, and be 70 °F (21 ℃) night, and illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keeping same setting before and after treatment.

By average grain diameter be about 75 μ m be that 200 sieve meshes garnet is pushed into acrial part that abrasive material particles makes plant and suffers physical damnification in the present embodiment.This provides as hand-held Sears Craftman sander used among the embodiment 1-9 by using, this sander is by compressed air-driven, have the nozzle that places plant over top 20 inches (51cm), with the maximum room air pressure operation of about 50 pounds/square inch (345 kPas).As a rule, but depend on floristics, move with the speed of about 1 feet per second (30cm/s) with sander and finish 3 roads, carry altogether garnet usually greater than 500 pounds/acre (560 kg/ha).The basin of half in each research receives the scratch of describing just now and handles, and half does not receive scratch and handles.

Then sample being assigned to the factor that has 3 repetitions rolls over because of in the different herbicide treatment in the experimental design; Simultaneously scratch and not abrasive plant in each time processing are sprayed with the track sprayer, it is calibrated to the water that sprays 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare), locates a 8002E nozzle with 50 mesh sieves in 16 inches of plant over top (41 centimetres).

Weed killer herbicide used in the present embodiment is: the atrazine industrial products; Bromacil as industrial products; The Imazethapyr of ammonium salts, the commodity of American Cyanamid respectively are the moisture concentrate formulation form of Pursuit; Glyphosate as the sour form of industrial products.For industrial products, the liquid storage of preparation in 1: 1 water/acetone mixture is provided with equal mixture by the various ratios of using to provide.Glyphosate is dissolved in 5mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH with the concentration of 33mg/ml ₂PO ₄) among the PH6, with the deionized water dilution so that the various ratios of using to be provided.The spray liquid of Imazethapyr is from weed killer herbicide being diluted in the water and the storage liquid that makes prepares.All processing receive the R-11 Spreder-Activator solution of the Wilbur Ellis company of the 0.2ml 10% in the 14ml spray amount altogether.

After the spraying, basin is put back to the greenhouse.The basin that becomes first sample for the ease of observation is placed in the district with the order by the processing list, and remaining sample arbitrarily is positioned in the independent district.

14 days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation and estimate weed killer herbicide efficient for the control percentage form of the processed plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Calculate each average control percentage of handling, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 14: the control percentage of using latter two kind of 14 days of weed killer herbicide.Herbicide application rate (kga.e.or a.i./ABUTH PANMI

Hectare) the scratch scratch does not abrade without herbicide 000 12 bentazones 0.004 050 20 0.018 000 13 0.070 7 10 03 0.28 60 77 3 15 1.12 87 100 0 33 triazine 0.002 000 15 0.009 000 23 0.036 233 20 0.140 733 20 0.56 20 28 0 23 bromacil 0.002 030 17 0.009 003 12 0.036 12 15 23 22 0.140 43 37 32 37 0.56 77 75 47 50 Imazethapyr 0.00028 000 12 0.011 070 18 0.045 30 40 17 33 0.018 53 63 32 53 0.071 72 83 47 60 glyphosates 0.0035 700 12 0.0140 0 23 3 20 0.056 0 62 0 60 0.22 60 77 62 82 0.89 95 100 97 100 embodiment 15

Will as the seed of wanting processed weeds kind in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention by a kind of a basin be planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.1cm), this basin is equipped with the Dupo silt loam soil of the steam sterilizing that contains a small amount of 18-5-10NPK fertilizer, and covers with the identical soil that does not add fertilizer.Basin is positioned in the greenhouse and sub-irrigation and watering from the top as required.Become every basin 2-4 strain plant in the thinning of cotyledon stage.The kind that is used for this method be big  fiber crops velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH) and wild broomcorn millet millet (Panicummiliacoum, PANMI).

The weed killer herbicide that is used for present embodiment is the dicamba of dimethylamine salt, and its form is the moisture concentrate formulation Banvel-D of Sandoz.The liquid storage of preparation in 1: 1 water/acetone, and the various ratios of using to provide are provided with equal mixture.All processing receive the R-11Spreader-Activator solution of the Wilbur Ellis company of the 0.2ml10% in the 14ml spray amount altogether.

By average grain diameter for about 75 μ m to be that 200 sieve meshes are garnet be pushed into acrial part that abrasive material particles makes plant and suffer physical damnification in the present embodiment.Before using weed killer herbicide about 1 hour, use as hand-held Sears Craftman used among the embodiment 1-9 ^TMSander abrades one group of plant, and this sander is by compressed air-driven, has to be arranged on 20 inches nozzles that (51cm) locates on the plant top operation under the pressure of about 50 pounds/square inch (345 kPas).Depend on kind, move with the speed of about 1 foot/s (30cm/s) with sander and finish 2 or 3 roads, carry the garnet of 800-1200 pound/acre (896-1344 kg/ha) altogether usually.

Three repeat samples that do not abrade and abrade plant receive herbicide treatment by the chain type sprayer that is positioned at the 8002 E nozzles of 16 inches (41cm) on the plant top that the sieve that has 50 sieve meshes is housed.After the spraying, in the plant back greenhouse, accept pouring a little, but be not from top pouring.The temperature in greenhouse is not put at 85 °F (29 ℃) daytime, and be 70 °F (21 ℃) night, and illumination period is 14 hours.Relative moisture is variable, and is uncontrolled, but be generally about 80-90%.

Behind the interval of pointing out below; Will handle plant and the scratch and abrasive check plant do not compare.Only for abrasive material with only be that 1:1 water/acetone mixture causes the fixed leaf roll song of idol; In the estimation of control percentage; Got rid of reduction and such damage highly.Calculate each average control percentage of handling, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 15:the percentage control of using 8 days latter two kinds of dicamba. rate of application ABUTH PANMI (kga.e./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.002 3522 0.0089 7 10 77 0.036 13 25 78 0.140 18 43 88 0.56 53 95 8 10 embodiment 16

Described in the method such as embodiment 15 of the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention, be the sethoxydim of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide. embodiment 16: the control percentage rate of application ABUTH PANMI (kga.i./hectare) that uses 8 days latter two kinds of sethoxydim does not abrade not scratch scratch 0.002 5500 0.009 8 13 7 10 0.036 12 22 13 23 0.140 10 28 77 87 0.56 22 45 85 98 embodiment 17

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 15, different is that used weed killer herbicide is the fluometuron of industrial products. embodiment 17: use fluometuron and after 8 days the percentage of two kinds control rate of application ABUTH PANMI (kga.i./hectare) do not abraded and do not abrade 0.009 0777 0.036 2833 0.140 3 18 33 0.56 7 33 10 20 1.1 10 50 13 37 embodiment 18

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 15; Be the Imazethapyr of ammonium salts except used weed killer herbicide, it is the moisture concentrate formulation Purswit form of American Cyanamid.Embodiment 18:the percentage control of using 8 days latter two kinds of Imazethapyr. rate of application ABUTH PANMI (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.00025 3500 0.0011 13 17 10 13 0.0045 35 53 28 50 0.018 47 90 63 77 0.071 63 95 82 90 embodiment 19

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 15, except used weed killer herbicide is that the peace green bristlegrass of potassium salt form is fixed, it is the moisture concentrate formulation of the commodity Tordon by name that DowElanco sold, used weeds kind is redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus, AMARE) and lady's-grass (Digitaria sp, DIGSS), these ruderal specieses be implanted in the same basin each the row in.Embodiment 19:the control percentage of using fixed 8 days latter two kinds of peace green bristlegrass. rate of application AMARE DIGSS (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.0045 13 23 8 22 0.018 27 42 32 31 0.071 60 73 35 40 0.28 83 92 40 58 0.56 92 96 50 65 embodiment 20

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 19; Be bromacil except used weed killer herbicide, it respectively is the wettable powder formulation form of Hyvar-X for the commodity that DuPont sold.Embodiment 20:the control percentage of using 8 days latter two kinds of bromacil. rate of application AMARE DIGSS (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.009 30 40 20 37 0.036 47 58 37 47 0.140 50 63 42 58 0.56 65 95 70 88 1.12 95 97 90 98 embodiment 21

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 19; Be Pendimethalin except used weed killer herbicide, but it respectively is the emulsification concentrate formulation form of Prowl for the commodity of being sold by American Cyanamid.Embodiment 21:the control percentage of using pendimethalin8 days latter two kinds. rate of application AMARE DIGSS (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.018 13 23 13 23 0.071 20 32 17 40 0.28 33 70 30 60 1.12 57 78 57 80 2.24 72 92 72 92 embodiment 22

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 15; Except used weed killer herbicide is the monometflurazone of industrial products form; And used weeds kind is that (Sida spinosa; SIDSP), they are planted in each row in the same basin for barbed Sida.Embodiment 22:the control percentage of using 8 days latter two kinds of norflurazon. rate of application SIDSP DIGSA (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.018 13 30 10 30 0.071 17 40 10 35 0.28 27 43 22 45 1.1 37 60 33 60 2.2 40 70 37 73 embodiment 23

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide is the quizalofop-ethyl racemic mixture of ethyl ester form, but it is the emulsification concentrate formulation form by the commodity Assure by name that DuPont sold, used weeds kind is, Johnson grass (Sorghumhalepense, SORHA) and large-scale faber bristlegrass herb (Setaria faberi, SETFA), they be planted in the same basin each the row in.Embodiment 23:the control percentage of using 8 days latter two kinds of quizalofop-ethyl. rate of application SORHA SETFA (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.00028 3 20 3 20 0.0011 7 25 7 28 0.0045 20 37 20 40 0.018 28 57 32 63 0.071 70 85 73 92 embodiment 24

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide is the amine grass azoles of suspension concentrate formulation form, used weeds kind is redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus, AMARE) and leaf mustard (Brassicajuncea, BRSJU), they be planted in the same basin each the row in.Embodiment 24:the control percentage of using 8 days latter two kinds of amine grass azoles. rate of application AMARE BRSJU (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.035 7 20 13 30 0.071 20 22 20 40 0.140 20 28 23 47 0.28 20 27 43 63 0.56 23 43 48 77 embodiment 25

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide is the isoxaben of industrial products form, used weeds kind is redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus, AMARE), large-scale faber bristlegrass herb (Setaria faberi, SETFA), they be planted in the same basin each the row in.Embodiment 25:the control percentage of using 8 days latter two kinds of isoxaben. rate of application AMARE SETFA (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.009 0 17 0 17 0.036 3 17 3 35 0.140 7 13 17 37 0.56 13 43 13 50 1.1 17 47 17 60 embodiment 26

As the method in this example of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the ammonium salt of the creeping weed phosphorus of industrial products form.Embodiment 26:the control percentage of using 7 days latter two kinds of creeping weed phosphamidon. rate of application ABUTH PANMI (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.0018 0207 0.0071 083 15 0.028 7 18 3 17 0.11 3 37 3 20 0.45 15 43 3 22 embodiment 27

Described in method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention such as embodiment 1-9, except using outside the following weed killer herbicide: the halosulfuron of the water dispersible granular preparation Permit form of Monsanto company; The ammonium salt of the Imazethapyr of the moisture concentrate formulation form of the commodity that Amerlcan Cyanamid is sold Pursuit by name; 2 of moisture concentrate formulation form, the dimethylamine salt of 4-D; The ammonium salt of the Glufosinate of the moisture concentrate formulation form of the commodity that AgrEvo sold Basta by name; And the isopropyl amine salt of the glyphosate of the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company.Be to use under the glyphosate situation to rain to handle only.The kind that is used for this research is that (Abutilon theophrasti ABUTH), and controls the estimation of percentage using weed killer herbicide to big  fiber crops velvetleaf after 10 days.Embodiment 27: the control percentage of using weed killer herbicide ABUTH after 10 days.(it is rainy that kga.e.or does not have rain for the herbicide application rate

A.i./and hectare) scratch scratch no weed killer herbicide 00 halosulfuron of scratch scratch

0.004 70 83 0.009 75 94 0.018 78 100 0.036 79 99 0.072 80 99 Imazethapyrs, 0.009 55 82 0.018 60 77 0.036 65 87 0.072 70 87 0.140 77 952,4-D, 0.072 0 53 0.14 48 73 0.28 70 77 0.56 80 80 1.1 80 85 careless ammonium phosphine 0.056 0 83 0.11 0 80 0.22 10 90 0.45 83 100 0.89 74 100 glyphosate 0.056 0 70 0 65 0.11 53 74 0 74 0.22 70 84 0 82 0.45 83 99 0 89 0.89 85 100 65 85 embodiment 28

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the halosulfuron of industrial products form.Embodiment 28: the control percentage of using halosulfuron11 days latter two kinds.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) does not abrade not scratch scratch 0.001 0 12 27 63 0.004 33 92 93 0.018 8 15 95 99 0.071 78 99 99 embodiment 29

As the method for the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the chlorsulfuron of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide.Embodiment 29: the control percentage of using 11 days latter two kinds of chlorsulfuron.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i/ hectare) does not abrade not scratch scratch 0.001 15 7 67 93 0.004 33 93 96 0.018 20 3 95 99 0.071 17 20 98 99 embodiment 30

As in the method for the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the chlorimuron of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide.Embodiment 30: the control percentage of using 11 days latter two kinds of chlorimuron.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i/ hectare) not scratch scratch does not abrade 0.001 5 27 27 80 0.004 20 7 87 95 0.018 10 13 93 99 0.071 7 20 96 99 embodiment 31

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the Oxyfluorfen of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide, only (Abutilontheophrasti carries out on ABUTH) at velvetleaf in this research.Embodiment 31: the control percentage of using Oxyfluorfen ABUTH after 11 days.

Rate of application

(kga.i./hectare) be scratch not

0.008 8 20

0.034 22 25

0.140 47 52

0.56 60 58 embodiment 32

As the method for the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the ethoxy fluorine methyl ether of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide.Embodiment 32:the control percentage of using 10 days latter two kinds of ethoxy fluorine methyl ether. rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.002 15 20 53 48 0.004 12 17 55 60 0.0001 20 32 65 70 0.018 35 45 72 78 0.036 55 78 93 85 embodiment 33

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the trifluoro ether carboxylic acid of industrial products form.Embodiment 33:the control percentage of using acifluorfen10 days latter two kinds. rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.002 5 22 17 28 0.004 5 17 13 42 0.009 5 22 20 50 0.018 10 18 22 65 0.036 15 32 38 98 embodiment 34

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the sodium salt of Fomesafen of the moisture concentrate formulation Reflex form of Zeneca.Embodiment 34:the control percentage of using 10 days latter two kinds of Fomesafen sodium. rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.002 8 13 12 33 0.004 5 17 13 37 0.009 5 20 15 55 0.018 5 22 27 55 0.036 10 38 62 73 embodiment 35

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide is the halosulfuron of industrial products form, unique a kind of weeds kind that this research comprises be big  fiber crops velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH).Embodiment 35: the control percentage of using halosulfuron16 days ABUTH.Rate of application (kga.i./hectare) is scratch not

0.0006 27 57

0.001 73 80

0.002 77 96

0.004 88 98

0.009 92 99 embodiment 36

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the chlorimuron of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide, unique a kind of weeds kind that this research comprises be Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH).Embodiment 36: the control percentage of using chlorimuron ABUTH after 16 days.

Rate of application

(kga.i./hectare) be scratch not

0.0006 55 63

0.001 60 73

0.002 80 92

0.004 90 86

0.009 94 98 embodiment 37

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, be the triallate of industrial products form except used weed killer herbicide, the unique a kind of weeds kind that comprises in this research be the bird wheat (Avena ftua, AVEFA).Embodiment 37: the control percentage of using triallate AVEFA after 16 days.

Rate of application

(kga.i./hectare) be scratch not

0.14 77 83

0.28 93 88

0.56 95 95

1.1 93 95

2.2 93 93 embodiment 38

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the bromacil acid of industrial products form.Embodiment 38: the control percentage of using 14 days latter two kinds of bromacil.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) does not abrade not scratch scratch

0.071 35 90 67 80

0.140 35 83 78 90

0.28 40 83 90 96

0.56 63 95 93 92

1.1 92 98 99 96 embodiment 39

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the bentazone acid of industrial products form.Embodiment 39:the control percentage of using 14 days latter two kinds of bentazone. rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) do not abrade not scratch scratch 0.071 27 25 60 0.140 2 22 53 90 0.28 00 78 96 0.56 00 100 99 1.1 0 17 97 100 embodiment 40

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the atrazine of industrial products form.Embodiment 40: the control percentage of using 10 days latter two kinds of atrazine.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) does not abrade not scratch scratch

0.140 0 15 52 53

0.28 7 0 53 72

0.56 7 32 72 85

1.1 10 17 87 77

2.2 0 42 82 98 embodiment 41

As the method in the present embodiment of illustration of the present invention as described in Example 15, except used weed killer herbicide be the piperazine humulone of industrial products form.Embodiment 41: the control percentage of using 10 days latter two kinds of piperazine humulone.Rate of application PANMI ABUTH (kga.i./hectare) does not abrade not scratch scratch

0.009 0 23 48 67

0.018 7 52 55 73

0.036 13 63 79 82

0.071 35 47 98 96

0.140 63 96 97 97 embodiment 42

In embodiment, to doing the test that reinforcement kills gametophyte Clofencet effect by force by being pushed into the scratch that abrasive grain causes as illustration of the present invention.In the growth room, in the basin of the growth medium that fills the Metromix350 that contains slow release fertilizer, wheat CV.Anza plant is begun plantation from seed, the temperature of growth room is set to 20 ℃ of daytimes, 18 ℃ of nights, illumination period 14 hours, daytime, luminous intensity was 600 μ Einstein.Before handling, allow plant growing 40 days.

According to the method that embodiment 1-9 describes, use Sears Craftman ^TMHand-held sander is with the plant scratch or do not abrade, and wherein nozzle is set at plant over top 8-10 inch (203-25.4cm) and locates, and lays out 36 inches (15.2cm) diameters in the mode of spiraling four times at circumference pelvic.The water that 25ul is contained 5% (weight per volume) glycerine and 0.25% (weight per volume) Tween, 20 surfactants by micropipette is added to the Clofencet that uses the industrial products form of amount of calculation on the plant in every basin.Each test repeats four times.The seed amount that two week back each tiller of statistics (tiller) of blooming are born.Compare the minimizing of setting seeds with the untreated control plant and be used as the male sterile index of inducing by gametocide.Embodiment 42: use the seed amount gametocide rate of application of bearing in each cultivating apparatus behind the Clofencet

(μ g/tiller) be scratch not

0 36.9 39.0

10 37.0 40.7

20 40.5 36.3

50 33.5 27.0

100 26.0 0.3

200 0.5 0.3 embodiment 43

In the embodiment as illustration of the present invention, test is by being pushed into scratch that abrasive grain the causes enhancing to insecticide methamidophos and methomyl effect.In the square basin of 2 inches (5.1cm) containing Metromix350, make tobacco (Tobacco cv Samsun) plant begin growth from seed.After rudiment occurring, thinning in every basin is become 1 strain plant, still place the growth room, wherein constant temperature is 21 ℃, and 50% relative moisture, illumination period 16 hours, illumination period light intensity are 500 μ Einstein.After planting for 12 weeks, during the stage, the experiment that plant is used for present embodiment is handled at 5-6 sheet leaf.

Tobacco tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) ovum is available from USDA-ARS SourthernField Crop Insect Management Laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi.27 ℃), as Marrone, P.G., Ferri, F.D., Mosely, T.R and Meinke, L.J. " to Southern corn rootworm; Diabrotica Undecimpuncta howardi Barber (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) use the improvement of the laboratory rearing of artificial food and cereal " described in, insect is raised insect 4 days from ovum in the food of Southern corn rootworm, wherein this article is published in " economic entomology magazine " 1985, the 78th volume, P290-293.After the pesticide treatments 24 hours, four boxes are clipped on each tobacco plant with clip.Use camel hair brush to be transferred in each box with two second instar larvaes.Box with clip is similar to by Eenil, and AH waits the Euphytica33 volume of delivering 1984, those that describe among the P825.This box diameter is 1 or 1.5cm, and high 1cm seals an end with nylon tulle.The lid of each box links to each other with relative one side of common hair clip with box body, and box can be sandwiched in the leaf like this.

Use hand-held Sears Craftman according to the method that embodiment 1-9 describes ^TMSander is not scratched tobacco plant or is scratched.Need two ducts of sander to handle the leaf of all plants.

Use common rotation sprayer applying pesticide, insecticide is the aqueous solution form of industrial products, and sprayed volume is 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare), wherein contains 0.5% (weight per volume) Tween20.After 15 minutes, provide the stimulation rain of 0.125 inch (0.32cm) by porous road applying pesticide with automatic top irrigation system.

The tobacco plant of handling is moved on to and is retained in the growth room, and wherein temperature is set at 29.4 ℃ of daytimes, and at 25.6 ℃ of nights, constant 60% relative moisture, illumination period 12 hours, luminous intensity are 562 μ Einstein.Handle after 3 days the record larva dead it, calculate the mean value that 2 times of each processing repeat.Embodiment 43: tobacco plant is carried out the pesticide treatments 3 then dead percentage insecticide rate of application of the tobacco budworm larva of " raining " after it

(kga.i./hectare) be scratch not

Acephatemet

0.20 17 58

0.40 46 92

0.67 42 93

Methomyl

0.071 10 17

0.140 39 44

0.42 34 79 embodiment 44

In the present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, the experimental field is pushed scratch that abrasive grain the causes enhancing to the effect of nematocide oxamoyl.In 3 inches (7.6cm) square basins of the mixture of 75% sand that contains sterilization and 25%Metromix 200, the greenhouse, begin growth from seed from tomato (cV.Rutgers) plant.After greenhouse temperature remained on 25 ℃ of 3 weeks of plantation, plant accepts scratch and oxamoyl is handled.

Use hand-held Sears Craftman according to the method that embodiment 1-9 describes ^TMSander makes the tomato plant not be scratched or be scratched.Need 3 ducts of sander to handle the leaf of all plants.

On the same day, use the oxamoyl of the moisture concentrate formulation Vydate form of DuPont, it suitably is diluted in the water that contains 0.5% (weight per volume) Tween20, and uses manual sprayer to squirt.Before the spraying, the vermiculite that the soil surface in the basin is made good use of covers to prevent soil pollution.In case spray liquid is dry on the tomato blade, outwells from basin from vermiculite.

Inoculate the ovum of collecting Nematode (Meloidigyne incognita) in preceding 2 days from the tomato root of morbidity.After oxamoyl is handled 1 day, the ovum of 8000 survivals is transferred to every basin soil surface and inoculate plant by pipette.Then plant is transferred in 25 ℃ the growth room.Inoculate the abrasive intensity of record nematode after 21 days, calculate the mean value of all samples of each processing.Embodiment 44: inoculate the abrasive percentage of root after 21 days.The oxamoyl rate of application

(ga.i./liter) not scratch scratch

0 42 33

0.25 42 28

0.5 37 23

1.0 33 25

20 33 20

4.0 28 15 embodiment 45

In the present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrasti, seed kind ABUTH) wherein is equipped with in the basin and has added 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m in 4 inches (10.1cm) square basins with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) 100% silt loam of IBDU fertilizer, and seed added that with the 50%Rediearth that does not add fertilizer 50% silt loam mixture covers.Basin is placed the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation, in every basin on the 2 strain plants, with pruning of the seed bud that taken place.Greenhouse temperature is set to 85 of daytimes (29 ℃), and at 70 of nights (21 ℃), illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keep identical setting before and after treatment.

Plant after 14 days, by having the abrasive material particles that is pushed into that average grain diameter is about 75 μ m, promptly 200 sieve mesh garnets make the acrial part of plant suffer the physical damnification of present embodiment.This provides by being installed in a sander on the track, and the function that wherein sandblasts changes charging rate, air pressure, nozzle height and travel speed.For present embodiment, air pressure remains on 40 pounds/square inch (276 kPas), and nozzle is arranged on 16 inches places of plant over top, and travel speed is lower than 1 miles per hour (1.61km/ hour), and sander provides a duct.Use three kinds of charging rates, the garnet ejection that equals 28,143 and 256 pounds/acre (31,160 and 287 kg/ha) ratio is provided.Some plants are not abraded.

The factor folding that then plant is dispensed to time repetition that has is because of in the different herbicide treatment in the experimental design.Use to rotate spray simultaneously all plants of each herbicide treatment of sprayer, this sprayer is calibrated carries 200 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare) water, has the 8002E nozzle of tool 50 sieve meshes sieve, is positioned at plant over top 16 inches (41cm) and locates.In the present embodiment, the weed killer herbicide that uses is the glyphosate of isopropyl amine salt form, wherein the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company.Prepare spray liquid by MON2139 being diluted in the water from storage liquid.

After 13 days, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation for the control percentage form of the processing plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Embodiment 45: the control percentage of using 13 days ABUTH13 of glyphosate.Glyphosate rate of application garnet rate of application (pound a.e./acre) (kga.e./hectare) 0 28 143 256 003 0.11 10 38 38 38 0.45 100 embodiment 46

In embodiment as illustration of the present invention, with the common white lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album, CHEAL) seed is planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.1cm), this basin is equipped with and has added 100 gram/cubic feet (3.57kg/m ³) Osmocte fertilizer add the soil mixture that 50% silt loam is formed by 50%Metromix 350, seed is covered with the identical soil mixture that does not add fertilizer.Basin is positioned in the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation, on every basin 2 strain plants, the seed bud that has taken place is pruned.Greenhouse temperature is set to 85 of daytimes (29 ℃), and at 70 of nights (21 ℃), illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keep identical temperature setting before handling with after handling.

After about 2 weeks of plantation, make the plant shoot branch suffer the physical damnification of present embodiment by the various abrasive material particles that are pushed into.This provides as embodiment 47 used identical sanders by using.For present embodiment, air pressure remains on 40 pounds/square inch (267 kPas), and nozzle is arranged on that 16 inches (41cm) locate on the plant top, and velocity of rotation is lower than 1 miles per hour (1.6 kms/hour), and sander provides a duct.Use two kinds of reinforced ratios, the abrasive material ejection that equals 143,256 pounds/acre (the 160 and 287 kg/ha) ratio that provides is provided for they under 200 sieve mesh garnet situations.Some plants are not abraded.

Adopt material to be in this research as grinding agent:

Garnet as 200 used sieve meshes of embodiment 47

The cullet 1040 that Universal provides

The cullet 1035 that Universal provides

The aluminium oxide Type B of 120 sieve meshes that provide by Unimin, the white silica sand of 1.0 size distribution types

140-270 sieve mesh bead

Use the Retsch2M-1 grinding machine to grind to form the Scott ' s Lawn ﹠amp of fine powder; The Garden fertiliser granulates.

Then plant being dispensed to the factor that has 2 repetitions rolls over because of in the different herbicide treatment in the experimental design.Use to rotate spray simultaneously all plants of each herbicide treatment of sprayer, this sprayer is calibrated carries 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare) water, has the 8002E nozzle with 50 sieve meshes sieve, is positioned at plant over top 16 inches (41cm) and locates.The used weed killer herbicide of present embodiment is the glyphosate of isopropyl amine salt form, and it is the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company.Prepare spray liquid by MON2139 being diluted in the water from storage liquid.

12 days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation for the control percentage form of the processing plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Embodiment 46: the control percentage of using glyphosate CHEAC after 12 days.Glyphosate rate of application (kga.e./hectare) abrasive material rate of application ^*(kg/ hectare)

Abrasive material 0 143 256

0 does not have 0

0.11 do not have 13

0.45 do not have 62

0.11 garnet, 200 orders 52 37

0.11 cullet, 1,040 38 20

0.11 cullet, 1,035 28 48

0.11 aluminium oxide 46 50

0.11 white silica sand 38 50

0.11 bead 62 43

0.11 fertilizer 25 34 ^*With 200 order garnets is basic calculation embodiment 47

In present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, with big  fiber crops velvetleaf (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) and towards face spend (Ipomea Sp., IPOSS) seed is planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.2cm), this basin is equipped with 100% silt loam, and with identical soil appearance is covered.This basin is placed the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation, on every basin 3 strain ABUTH plants or 2 strain IPOSS, the rudiment that has taken place is pruned.Repairing begins to form the IPOSS of climing rattan until handling preceding 2 days.Greenhouse temperature is set to 80 of daytimes (27 ℃), and at 70 of nights (21 ℃), illumination period is 14.5 hours.Keep identical setting before and after handling.

After plantation 20 days, use the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 of the Monsanto company of isopropyl amine salt form, use glyphosate simultaneously and make the plant shoot branch suffer the physical damnification of present embodiment.The physical damnification medium is with 0.5,1.0 or 5.0g/l is suspended in the garnet use DeVilbiss sprayer of 500 sieve meshes in the glyphosate spray liquid, with 45 pounds of/square inch (310 kPas) pressure, nozzle is arranged on the plant top 5 or 10 inches (13 or 25cm) and locates to spray, and carries 100 gallon/acre (9361/ hectare) spray amount.

After the processing, in plant playback greenhouse again, and sub-irrigation.For the ease of observing, the basin that will become first sample with the order of handling list is placed in the district, and remaining sample arbitrarily is placed in each district.

14 days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation for the control percentage form of the handled thing of comparing with the untreated control plant.Calculate the average control percentage of each time processing, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 47 (1): the control percentage of using glyphosate ABUTH after 14 days.Garnet (grams per liter) during glyphosate solution proportion (kga.e./hectare) is sprayed

0 0.5 1.0 5.0 nozzles are positioned at 13cm place above the top

0 0 3 0

0.1 5 3 3

0.28 3 7 18

0.56 27 40 68 nozzles are positioned at 25cm place above the top

0 0 0 0 0

0.1 0 7 2 12

0.28 0 0 7 7

0.56 45 28 60 13

1.1 45 embodiment 47 (2): the control percentage of using glyphosate IPOSS after 14 days.Garnet (grams per liter) during glyphosate solution rate of application (kga.e/ hectare) sprays

0 0.5 1.0 5.0 nozzles are positioned at 13cm place above the top

0 3 0 0

0.1 12 7 20

0.28 8 13 28

0.56 48 13 32 nozzles are positioned at 25cm place above the top

0 0 5 3 13

0.1 0 13 3 10

0.28 7 17 13 23

0.56 ** 52 37 27

1.0 60 ^*Missing data point embodiment 48

In the present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrasti, seed ABUTH) are planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.1cm), and this basin is equipped with and has added 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) 100% silt loam of IBDU fertilizer, and seed added that with the 50%Rediearth that has added fertilizer the mixture of 50% silt loam covers.Basin is positioned in the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation, thinning becomes every basin 2 strain plants.Greenhouse temperature is set to 85 of daytimes (29 ℃), and at 70 of nights (21 ℃), illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keep identical temperature setting before and after handling.

Plant after 14 days, high-pressure water jet by a duct makes the acrial part of plant suffer the physical damnification of present embodiment, wherein water jet is sent by single " 0 degree " nozzle that has one 0.004 inch (0.01cm) aperture, this nozzle moves with 3.5 miles per hours (5.7km/hr), and pressure is 1000 or 3000 pounds/square inch (6890 or 20670 kPas).Nozzle is from AureleM.Gatti, Ine.of Trenton, and New Jersey obtains.Observe damage for to organize medium and small wound form, macerate in the one or both ends of wound sometimes or the damage of other leaf texture.Plant and water jet are placed the single such wound that aims on second true leaf, near the petiole end, pass vein sometimes.

To contain amount of calculation the isopropyl amine salt form glyphosate drip 6 μ L drops, wherein it is the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company, be placed on the wound of every strain plant or with wound contiguous macerate tissue, accepted high-pressure water jet on wherein every strain plant and handled.The plant of not accepting the high-pressure water jet processing is carried out similar glyphosate use, but in this case, do not use and on vein, carry out.To obtain every square feet of (465cm ²) each plant of 1/12 of amount of going up the glyphosate of ejection is that dosage is calculated on the basis, various processing are repeated four times.

This research is not carried out in the laboratory; Therefore transport plant back greenhouse immediately by carrier after handling.After handling about 8 hours, plant relay get back in the greenhouse, and sub-irrigation.For the ease of observing, the basin that will become first sample according to the order of handling list is placed in the interval, and remaining sample at will is placed in each district.

Behind 13 days intervals, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation as the control percentage form of the processing plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Calculate the average control percentage of each time processing, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 48: the control percentage of using glyphosate ABUTH after 13 days.Glyphosate ratio (kga.e/ hectare) water expulsion pressure (kPa)

Anhydrous injection 6,890 20670

0 0 0 0

0.028 68 80 77

0.06 82 84 85

0.11 89 94 99

0.22 94 98 96

0.45 100 embodiment 49

In the present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) seed is planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.1cm), is equipped with in these basins to have added 35 gram/cubic feet (1.25kg/m with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) 100% silt loam of IBDU fertilizer, and seed added that with the 50%Rediearth that does not add fertilizer the mixture of 50% silt loam covers.Basin is placed greenhouse and sub-irrigation, and thinning becomes every basin 2 strain plants.Greenhouse temperature is set to 85 of daytimes (29 ℃), and at 70 of nights (21 ℃), illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keep identical temperature setting before and after handling.

After 2 weeks; By cover the French square vase of 102 (28.3cm) with 2 3mm holes at it, this bottle is acutely rocked at the place at plant over top 8-12 inch, with 15-30 grain dry ice (solid phase carbonic acid gas) thus being advanced to the acrial part that makes plant on each plant suffers physical damnification in the present embodiment.Observing dry ice distils in second at 2-15 fully at leaf surface.

After dry ice was handled, with the glyphosate of isopropyl amine salt form, it was the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 of Monsanto company, sprays plant.Use to rotate the plant that sprayer is sprayed simultaneously and handled and handle without dry ice through dry ice, this rotations sprayer is calibrated carries 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare) water, has to be positioned at 16 inches 8002E nozzles that (41cm) tool 50 sieve meshes are sieved on the plant top.Each is handled repetition 3 times.The plant of not accepting the dry ice processing is applied similar glyphosate handles.

11 days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation for the control percentage form of the processing plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Calculate the average control percentage of each processing, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 49: the control percentage glyphosate rate of application (kga.e/ hectare) of using glyphosate ABUTH after 5 days and 11 days is handled with dry ice with the dry ice processing

5 days 11 days 5 days 11 days

0 0 0 0 0

0014 0 0 0 0

0.028 0 0 0 0

0.056 0 0 0 2

0.11 8 0 22 8

0.21 60 73 71 83

0.45 80 100 89 100

0.89 97 100 93 100 embodiment 50

In the present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) seed is planted in the square basin of 4 inches (10.1cm), is equipped with in these basins wherein to have added 100 gram/cubic feet (3.57kg/m with big  fiber crops velvetleaf ³) Osmocote fertilizer by 50% gram/cubic feet (3.57kg/m ³) add that the soil mixture of 50% silt loam soil constitution covers, and seed is covered with the identical soil mixture that does not add fertilizer.Basin is placed greenhouse and sub-irrigation, and thinning becomes every basin 2 strain plants.It is 85 °F (29 ℃) that greenhouse temperature is provided with daytime, and be 70 °F (21 ℃) night, and illumination period is 14-14.5 hour.Keep identical temperature setting before and after handling.

Plant after 17 days, by being that the acrial part that chemical mordant makes plant of being pushed into of potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution of 2.5% (w/w) suffers physical damnification in the present embodiment.Use is calibrated conveying capacity 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare), and has a 8002E nozzle that has 50 sieve meshes sieve that is positioned at that 16 inches (41cm) locates on the plant top.KOH made plant drying 1 hour after handling.Other plant is accepted to describe the hand-held SearsCraftman of use as embodiment 1-9 ^TMThe scratch damage that sander causes.The 3rd group of plant is not scratched or do not corroded by KOH.

The factor folding that then plant is dispensed to 3 repetitions is because of in the different herbicide treatment in the experimental design.Use and rotate all plants that sprayer sprays each herbicide treatment at one time, wherein this rotation sprayer is calibrated and carries 20 gallon/acre (187 liters/hectare) water, and has one and be positioned at the 8002E nozzle that has 50 sieve meshes sieve that plant over top 16 inches (41cm) is located.In these embodiments, the weed killer herbicide that uses is the glyphosate of isopropyl amine salt form, and it is the moisture concentrate formulation MON2139 form of Monsanto company.Prepare spray liquid by MON2139 being diluted in the water from storage liquid.

11 days at interval after, carry out the naked eyes evaluation with the weed killer herbicide efficient of estimation for the control percentage form of the processing plant of comparing with the untreated control plant.Calculate the average control percentage of each processing, and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 50: use the glyphosate no physics of the control percentage glyphosate rate of application (kga.e./hectare) of ABUTH damage frictionally damage corrosion damage after 11 days

0 0 0 0

0.0140 0 30 7

0.028 0 70 13

0.056 3 75 48

0.11 0 83 73

0.22 81 96 85

0.45 87 99 91

0.89 100 embodiment 51

In present embodiment as illustration of the present invention, field experiment carries out the high plant of 5-10cm at A.C.T., wherein said plant mainly is in the Achyrophorus ciliatus (L.) Scop (Hypochoeris microcephalo HRYMI) and the 1-3 farming stage awns of spending the stage by growth and belongs to (Vulpia sp., VLPSS) composition.Make 2 meters wide, the basin that 10m is long, each is handled and repeats 3 times.

Basin is not accepted physical damnification or is accepted a kind of in handling of two kinds of damages, and wherein these two kinds of damages existing method and this paper of being described as " scratch " for this paper is described as the method for the present invention of " impact "." scratch " comprises that twice driving in the other direction be equipped with 2 tonnes of four wheel drive means of transports of rubber tyre and pass through from basin.In order to impact, use to have one and hang on that capacity is 1000cm under the spray dispenser housing ³The hand-held sander of container.Sander is made by the aluminium alloy of molded pouring, and a 6mm nozzle is housed.Operating pressure is 95 pounds/square inch (655KPa).The abrasive material that the uses industrial products that thin glass particle is formed of serving as reasons.

Scratch or impact 1 hour after, basin accepts to use the glyphosate of the isopropyl amine salt form of suitable dilute with water, other be the moisture concentrate formulation with the sale of Roundup weed killer herbicide in Australia.By use the hand-held spray boom sprayer of 11001 nozzles is housed, under 250KPa pressure, operates, carry 90 liters of/hectare spray amount to use.

Behind 14 days intervals, carry out the weed killer herbicide efficient of naked eyes evaluation with the control percentage form of the plant in the processing basin that estimation is with the untreated control basin is compared.Calculate the average control percentage of each processing and be shown in the following table.Embodiment 51: HRYMI VLPSS is handled in control percentage glyphosate ratio (kga.e./hectare) damage of using 14 days latter two kinds of glyphosate

0.18 do not have 62 65

0.25 do not have 78 85

0.36 do not have 92 95

0.18 abrade 77 78

0.25 abrade 80 83

0.36 abrade 93 83

0.18 sandblast 77 77

0.25 sandblast 100 82

0.36 sandblast 100 98

Should be appreciated that to the invention is not restricted to shown in this paper and the particular instance of describing, but when not departing from essence of the present invention or scope, can be undertaken by alternate manner.

Claims (72)

1. one kind is transported to the non-wooden living tissue method of plant with the effective dose exogenous chemical substances, and described method comprises by any following in sequence step:

(a) be instrument with the material that advances out from device, cause the local physical damnification of significant degree, be included among the described tissue or the one or more sites on it cause death independent cell in the described tissue or significantly impaired; With

(b) be arranged in or approach at least one place of described injury site, plant is used described exogenous chemical substances;

Wherein step (b) was finished in the scope in the effective time of step (a), and wherein damage itself does not cause removing the large number of biological material from plant, and any situation of this plant that described exogenous chemical substances seeks to relieve is worsened.

2. one kind is transported to the non-wooden living tissue method of plant with the effective dose exogenous chemical substances, and described method comprises a kind of composition is advanced that said composition contains a kind of solid abrasive particle and described exogenous chemical substances from device; Wherein said abrasive material material causes the local physical damnification of significant degree, is included among the described tissue or the one or more sites on it make independently cell-lethal in the described tissue or significantly impaired; But wherein said damage itself does not cause removing the large number of biological material from plant, and any situation of this plant that described allogenic material seeks to relieve is worsened.

3. one kind is transported to the non-wooden living tissue method of plant with the effective dose exogenous chemical substances, and described method comprises a kind of composition is advanced that said composition contains a kind of corrosive substance and described exogenous chemical substances from device; Wherein said corrosive substance causes the local physical damnification of significant degree, is included among the described tissue or the one or more sites on it make independently cell-lethal in the described tissue or significantly impaired; But wherein said damage itself does not cause removing the large number of biological material from plant, and any situation of this plant that described allogenic material seeks to relieve is worsened.

4. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said damage many sites on described tissue or in it form.

5. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said damage itself is temporary transient.

6. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said device does not directly contact with plant.

7. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said device and plant contact but itself do not cause damage.

8. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, it also has one for example to cut in preceding step and to cut down, prune, to cut and cut or otherwise remove biological substance from plant.

9. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that step (b) is no more than about 5 days before and is no more than enforcement in about 5 days afterwards in step (a) in step (a).

10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein step (b) is no more than enforcement in about 2 days before in step (a).

11. according to the method for claim 10, wherein step (a) reaches and (b) almost carries out simultaneously.

12. according to the method for claim 2, exogenous chemical substances wherein itself is a graininess and abrasive, and has formed described solid granular abrasive material material basically.

13. according to the method for claim 1 or claim 2, particle wherein sprays from propulsion plant in gas medium.

14. according to the method for claim 13, gas medium wherein is an air.

15. according to the method for claim 1 or claim 2, particle wherein sprays from propulsion plant in liquid medium.

16. according to the method for claim 15, liquid medium wherein is mainly moisture.

17. method according to claim 1 or claim 2, solid abrasive material wherein is selected from: mineral, siliceous and calcareous life form, resin, glass, microcapsules, coating and uncoated crystal, derive from the material (for example walnut shell of Fen Suiing) of plant, its mixture etc.

18. method according to claim 17, solid abrasive material wherein is to be selected from following mineral: potter's clay, silica, quartz, quartz, garnet, aluminium vanadine, barite, diamond dust, metal oxide, carbonate, sulphate and phosphate, its mixture etc.

19. according to the method for claim 1 or claim 2, solid abrasive material is wherein used by the rate of application of about 0.1-1000 pound/acre (1121 kg/ha).

20. according to the method for claim 19, solid abrasive material is wherein used by the rate of application of about 1-600 pound/acre (about 672 kg/ha of 1.1-).

21. according to the method for claim 20, wherein said solid abrasive material is used by the rate of application of about 25-300 pound/acre (about 336 kg/ha of 28-).

22. according to the method for claim 1 or claim 2, solid abrasive grain diameter scope wherein is about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters.

23. according to the material that is pushed into that the process of claim 1 wherein is liquid, and is sprayed with enough energy and power from device, to cause described damage.

24. according to the method for claim 23, wherein to be pushed into material mainly moisture.

25., have a part to come from the wherein said damage to be pushed into the unfavorable temperature of material at least according to each method in the claim 1 to 3.

26. according to the method for claim 25, unfavorable temperature wherein is for causing the temperature of frostbite to tissue.

27. according to the method for claim 26, the material that is pushed into wherein contains and freezes water.

28. according to the method for claim 26, the material that is pushed into wherein contains the solid phase carbonic acid gas.

29. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said source of damage combines from unfavorable temperature and the mechanical force that is pushed into material bump.

30. according to the method for claim 3, corrosive substance wherein contains the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide.

31. according to each method in the claim 1 to 3, exogenous chemical substances wherein is monomeric form or oligomer form, and its molecular weight is no more than about 8000.

32. according to the method for claim 31, exogenous chemical substances molecular weight wherein is not more than about 2000.

33. according to the method for claim 32, exogenous chemical substances molecular weight wherein is not more than about 1000.

34. according to the method for claim 31, exogenous chemical substances wherein is selected from agricultural chemicals, gametocide, plant growth regulator, its mixture etc.

35. according to the method for claim 34, effective rate of application of exogenous chemical substances wherein is lower than the rate of application when not being pushed into physical damnification due to the material.

36. according to the method for claim 34, the rain resistance of exogenous chemical substances wherein is higher than the rain resistance when not being pushed into physical damnification due to the material.

37. according to the method for claim 34, exogenous chemical substances wherein shows the situation that the usefulness symptom is applied when not being pushed into physical damnification due to the material.

38. according to the method for claim 34, exogenous chemical substances wherein is to be selected from following agricultural chemicals: weed killer herbicide, fungicide, bactericide, virucide, insecticide, miticide (acaricide), miticide (miticide), nematocide, invertebrate poison, its mixture etc.

39. according to the method for claim 38, exogenous chemical substances wherein is a weed killer herbicide.

40. according to the method for claim 39, weed killer herbicide wherein is following type, promptly they are used before emerging usually, but according to described method foliar spray time spent to unwanted plant after emerging, can produce sizable physiology toxicity.

41. according to the method for claim 39, weed killer herbicide wherein is following type, promptly it is the leaf that is applied to unwanted plant after emerging.

42. method according to claim 41, weed killer herbicide wherein is selected from: the spirit of sulphur grass, bentazone, bilanafos, bipyridyl class (for example paraquat), bromacil, cyclohexanone analog (for example sethoxydim), dicamba, diphenyl ether (trifluoro ether carboxylic acid for example, Fomesafen, Oxyfluorfen), creeping weed phosphorus, amine grass azoles, grass ammonium phosphine, glyphosate, hydroxy benzonitrile class (for example Brominal), imidazolone (for example Imazethapyr), isoxaben, monometflurazone, the phenoxy group class (for example 2,4-D), phenoxypropionic acid ester graminicide (for example quizalofop-ethyl), picloram, replace urea (for example fluometuron), sulfo group urea (chlorimuron for example, chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron, ethyl methyl), triazines (atrazine for example, the piperazine humulone), it has the derivative of activity of weeding, its mixture etc.

43. according to the method for claim 42, weed killer herbicide wherein is glyphosate, its salt or ester, perhaps is converted into the material of glyphosate within plant tissue or other provides the material of glyphosate ion.

44. according to the method for claim 12, wherein be pushed into glyphosate, its salt or ester that material contains crystallization or other solid form or the material that is converted into glyphosate within plant tissue or other provide the material of glyphosate ion.

45. the non-wooden living tissue device of chemical treatment plant, it comprises:

(a) be used to advance the device that is pushed into material, it is by bump or contact described tissue, therein or one or more site on it cause the local physical damnification of significant degree, comprise described in-house individual cells being caused death or significantly impaired; With

(b) be positioned at or the device of exogenous chemical substances is used at least one site of approaching described damage to described plant; Device (a) and (b) so arrange wherein so that use chemical substance be when being pushed into the material bump or contacting described tissue, before or carry out thereafter; Device (a) and (b) be (i) same device wherein; The (ii) similar but device that separates; Perhaps (iii) different device; And wherein said damage itself does not cause removing the large number of biological material from plant, and any situation of the plant that this exogenous chemical substances seeks to relieve is worsened.

46. according to the device of claim 45, the material that is pushed into wherein contains the solid abrasive particle, and the device (a) comprise spray gun, nozzle or spout, from described in particle gas medium, be ejected.

47. according to the device of claim 45, wherein device (a) and (b) be not same device is pushed into material and comprises water, and device (a) comprises a nozzle, from described in be pushed into material and be ejected to cause described damage with enough energy and power.

48. according to the device of claim 45, wherein also comprise temperature that device (c) is used for being pushed into material when propulsion plant advances or before raise or be reduced to harmful temperature.

49. according to the device of claim 48, the material that is pushed into wherein comprises and freezes water or solid phase carbonic acid gas.

50. device according to claim 49, the material that is pushed into wherein contains carbonic acid gas, device (a) comprises the pressurizing vessel of a liquid carbon dioxide, it has an outlet that links to each other with a pressure relief device directly or indirectly, the result makes carbonic acid gas be converted into solid-state form and pushes described material to described plant, and device (c) is described device.

51. according to the device of claim 50, wherein said device comprises a mixing chamber, it has first inlet that directly or indirectly is connected with this pressurizing vessel, and an outlet that is connected with a nozzle.

52. according to the device of claim 51, device (a) and (b) be same device wherein.

53. according to the device of claim 52, mixing chamber wherein has second inlet that is connected directly or indirectly with the storage that is used to store exogenous chemical substances.

54. according to the device of claim 45, device (a) and (b) be not that same device neither same apparatus wherein, and wherein device (b) comprises a hydraulic pressure flusher.

55. one kind is used for exogenous chemical substances is transported to composition on the plant, described composition contains:

(a) described exogenous chemical substances; And

(b) a kind of solid particulate matter, it can produce enough local physical damnifications by bump or friction, comprises the non-wooden living tissue individual cells of plant being caused death or significantly impaired, makes to have strengthened the transportation of described exogenous chemical substances to described tissue; Its condition is that any situation of the described exogenous chemical substances plant seeking to relieve is not following situation, and promptly this situation can not worsened by local physical damnification, and described local physical damnification is the type that can be caused by described solid particulate matter.

56. according to the composition of claim 55, it is solid and particle form, and is suitable for not having directly to be applied to plant under the situation of liquid-carrier.

57. according to the composition of claim 55, it is suitable for being applied to plant in liquid-carrier.

58. according to the composition of claim 55, it also contains liquid-carrier.

59. according to the composition of claim 58, liquid-carrier wherein is moisture.

60. according to the composition of claim 55, solid particulate matter wherein is selected from: mineral; Siliceous and calcareous life form (for example diatom); Resin; Glass; Microcapsules; Coating and uncoated crystal (for example ammonia sulfate crystal); Derive from the material (for example pulverizing walnut shell) of plant; Its mixture etc.

61. according to the composition of claim 60, solid particulate matter wherein is to be selected from following mineral: clay (for example kaolin), silica, quartz, garnet, aluminium vanadine, barite, diamond dust, metal oxide, its mixture etc.

62. according to the composition of claim 61, about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters of solid abrasive grain diameter wherein.

63. a composition that is used for carrying to plant xenobiontics, described composition contains:

(a) described exogenous chemical substances; And

(b) a kind of alkaline matter, it can cause the local physical damnification of capacity by corrosion, comprises the non-wooden living tissue individual cells of plant being caused death or significantly impaired, and the result strengthens the conveying of described allogenic material to described tissue; Its condition is the situation that any situation of described exogenous chemical substances this plant of seeking to relieve is not worsened by local physical damnification, the type of described local physical damnification for being caused by described alkaline matter.

64. a composition that is used for exogenous chemical substances is transported to plant, described composition contains:

(a) described exogenous chemical substances; And

(b) fluid under pressure carbonic acid gas; Its condition is the situation that any situation of described exogenous chemical substances this plant of seeking to relieve is not worsened by local physical damnification, and described local physical damnification is can be by bump or the freezing type that causes.

65. according to each composition in the claim 55,62,63, exogenous chemical substances wherein is monomer or oligomer, and molecular weight is no more than about 8000.

66. composition according to claim 65, exogenous chemical substances wherein is to be selected from following agricultural chemicals: weed killer herbicide, fungicide, bactericide, virucide, insecticide, miticide (acaricide), miticide (miticide), nematocide, invertebrate poison, its mixture etc.

67. according to the composition of claim 66, exogenous chemical substances wherein is a weed killer herbicide.

68. according to the composition of claim 67, weed killer herbicide wherein is the type of using before emerging usually.

69. according to the composition of claim 68, weed killer herbicide wherein is the type that usually is applied to after emerging on the leaf of unwanted plant.

70. composition according to claim 69, weed killer herbicide wherein is selected from: the spirit of sulphur grass, bentazone, bilanafos, two pyridines (as paraquat), bromacil, cyclohexenone analog, dicamba, diphenyl ether (Fomesafen, Oxyfluorfen), creeping weed phosphorus, amine grass azoles, grass ammonium phosphine, glyphosate, hydroxy benzonitrile class (for example Brominal), imidazolone type (for example Imazethapyr), isoxaben, norflurazon, the phenoxy group compound is (as 2,4-D), phenoxypropionic acid ester graminicides (for example quizalofop-ethyl), picloram, replace urea (as fluometuron), sulfonylurea is (as chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, halogen is yellow grand, ethyl methyl), triazines is (as atrazine, the piperazine humulone), the derivative of its activity of weeding, its mixture etc.

71. the composition of claim 70, weed killer herbicide wherein is a glyphosate, its salt or ester, or be converted into glyphosate within plant tissue or other provides the compound of glyphosate ion.

72. an article of manufacture, it comprises: the part of impaired leaf or plant, it is characterized in that it has the local damage of significant degree, and comprise that the individual cells that makes described leaf or described portion of tissue is deadly or significantly impaired; And be located on or near the exogenous chemical substances that at least one place in the injury site uses, described damage and use by the method for carrying out aforesaid right requirement 1,2 or 3 and cause.

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