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CN116145628B - Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system - Google Patents

Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116145628B
CN116145628B CN202310404767.XA CN202310404767A CN116145628B CN 116145628 B CN116145628 B CN 116145628B CN 202310404767 A CN202310404767 A CN 202310404767A CN 116145628 B CN116145628 B CN 116145628B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
flow
offshore
power generation
drainage
diversion
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Active
Application number
CN202310404767.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN116145628A (en
Inventor
高俊
黄晓敢
杜萍
张翔
郑应霞
赵源
荣杨一鸣
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PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corp Ltd
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PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corp Ltd
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Priority to CN202310404767.XA priority Critical patent/CN116145628B/en
Publication of CN116145628A publication Critical patent/CN116145628A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN116145628B publication Critical patent/CN116145628B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2024/083493 priority patent/WO2024217225A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • E02B9/08Tide or wave power plants
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/08Details, e.g. gates, screens
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/08Details, e.g. gates, screens
    • E02B5/085Arresting devices for waterborne materials, e.g. gratings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • E02B8/085Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/268Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy making use of a dam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an offshore flow power generation system of ocean tidal energy, which is used in the ocean tidal energy power generation system and comprises an offshore flow drainage unit and an offshore flow power generation unit. According to the offshore flow generation system, the offshore flow forming condition is manufactured by manually building the dike by utilizing the offshore flow technology of ocean tidal energy, so that the offshore flow generation system of the ocean tidal energy is realized, the technical problem of severe site selection of the tidal energy generation technology is solved, the popularization bottleneck of the tidal energy generation technology is overcome, and a wider construction environment is provided for the tidal energy power station. In addition, the invention has novel technology, strong practicability and good economic benefit and popularization value.

Description

Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean tidal power generation, in particular to an ocean tidal power offshore flow power generation system.
Background
Tidal energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source that does not consume fuel, is pollution-free, is not affected by floods or depleted water. The working principle of tidal power generation is similar to that of conventional hydroelectric power generation, and the tidal power generation utilizes potential energy of water level difference generated by rising and falling of tidal water to generate power. The dam, gate and factory building are built in the conditioned bay or tidal estuary, the bay (or estuary) is separated from the open sea to form a reservoir, and the hydroelectric generating set is installed in the gate dam or the power station factory building. The periodic fluctuation process curve of the ocean tide level is similar to a sine wave. The sluice is properly opened and closed, so that the change of the water level in the reservoir lags behind the change of the sea surface, and a certain height difference (namely a working water head) is formed between the water level of the reservoir and the outside sea tide level, thereby driving the hydroelectric generating set to generate electricity. From the energy point of view, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the sea water are converted into electric energy through the hydroelectric generating set.
Tidal energy is a clean renewable energy source which does not pollute the environment and does not influence ecological balance. Tidal water fluctuates daily, is repeatedly used, is inexhaustible. The defect of tidal energy is also very remarkable, firstly, the tidal range and the water head are changed frequently in one day, and when no special regulation measures are adopted, the output is intermittent, so that inconvenience is brought to users; secondly, the tide has half month change, and the tide difference can be doubled, so that the annual utilization hours of the output and the installation are ensured to be low. Thirdly, tidal power stations have special requirements for site selection, are required to be built in estuaries with water depths, and dam construction is required to be carried out to build up a reservoir, so that the problems of site selection, construction, foundation treatment, silt prevention and the like are difficult, and the project cost is high.
The special requirement of the tidal power generation technology on site selection is a main factor limiting popularization, a dam is required to be built at a bay or a tidal estuary, the bay (or estuary) and the open sea are separated to form a reservoir, the built reservoir not only needs a large volume, but also needs to form a certain height difference with the open sea, and the water level of the reservoir and the tide level of the open sea can form the height difference, so that a hydroelectric generating set is driven to generate power. The tidal power station is built by adopting the method that the tidal power station is required to have wide and flat estuary topography, and enough high-fall topography of the inland and the open sea, and the natural topography with the two conditions is less, the manual excavation engineering amount is large, and the severe site requirement is a key factor for restricting the development of the tidal power generation technology. Only over 20 tidal power stations are built worldwide, the largest of which is the Lafubao tidal power station in UK, which has a total power generation of 6 generators of up to 8.6 megawatts. Compared with other energy power stations and coastlines with wide world, the ocean energy power generation treatment to-be-developed state, and the tidal power generation technology development is urgently needed to solve the problem of geographic condition limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Tidal energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source that does not consume fuel, is pollution-free, is not affected by floods or depleted water. The working principle of tidal power generation is similar to that of conventional hydroelectric power generation, and the tidal power generation utilizes potential energy of water level difference generated by rising and falling of tidal water to generate power. The dam, gate and factory building are built in the conditioned bay or tidal estuary, the bay (or estuary) is separated from the open sea to form a reservoir, and the hydroelectric generating set is installed in the gate dam or the power station factory building. The periodic fluctuation process curve of the ocean tide level is similar to a sine wave. The sluice is properly opened and closed, so that the change of the water level in the reservoir lags behind the change of the sea surface, and a certain height difference (namely a working water head) is formed between the water level of the reservoir and the outside sea tide level, thereby driving the hydroelectric generating set to generate electricity. From the energy point of view, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the sea water are converted into electric energy through the hydroelectric generating set.
Tidal energy is a clean renewable energy source which does not pollute the environment and does not influence ecological balance. Tidal water fluctuates daily, is repeatedly used, is inexhaustible. The defect of tidal energy is also very remarkable, firstly, the tidal range and the water head are changed frequently in one day, and when no special regulation measures are adopted, the output is intermittent, so that inconvenience is brought to users; secondly, the tide has half month change, and the tide difference can be doubled, so that the annual utilization hours of the output and the installation are ensured to be low. Thirdly, tidal power stations have special requirements for site selection, are required to be built in estuaries with water depths, and dam construction is required to be carried out to build up a reservoir, so that the problems of site selection, construction, foundation treatment, silt prevention and the like are difficult, and the project cost is high.
The special requirement of the tidal power generation technology on site selection is a main factor limiting popularization, a dam is required to be built at a bay or a tidal estuary, the bay (or estuary) and the open sea are separated to form a reservoir, the built reservoir not only needs a large volume, but also needs to form a certain height difference with the open sea, and the water level of the reservoir and the tide level of the open sea can form the height difference, so that a hydroelectric generating set is driven to generate power. The tidal power station is built by adopting the method that the tidal power station is required to have wide and flat estuary topography, and enough high-fall topography of the inland and the open sea, and the natural topography with the two conditions is less, the manual excavation engineering amount is large, and the severe site requirement is a key factor for restricting the development of the tidal power generation technology. Only over 20 tidal power stations are built worldwide, the largest of which is the Lafubao tidal power station in UK, which has a total power generation of 6 generators of up to 8.6 megawatts. Compared with other energy power stations and coastlines with wide world, the ocean energy power generation treatment to-be-developed state, and the tidal power generation technology development is urgently needed to solve the problem of geographic condition limitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an offshore flow power generation system arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevation view of an arrangement of a marine tidal energy offshore flow power generation system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an off-shore flow diversion unit unidirectional flow channel arrangement.
Detailed Description
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. The invention provides an offshore flow power generation system of ocean tidal energy, which comprises an offshore flow diversion unit 1 and an offshore flow power generation unit 2.
The offshore flow diversion unit 1 comprises a diversion port blocking screen 101, a diversion port flashboard 102, a diversion port 103, a diversion bank 104, a diversion bank end blocking screen 105, a fishway 106, a flushing port gate 107, a contralateral flow channel flushing diversion pipe 108 and a drainage port 109.
The offshore flow power generation unit 2 comprises a water turbine 201, a generator 202, a generator house 203 and a generator set auxiliary 204.
In the periods of flood tide, ebb tide and flat tide, the ocean current is accelerated through the drainage port 103 and the drainage dyke 104 and is gathered into an offshore current, the offshore current reaches the highest flow speed at the transition end of the drainage port 109, and the offshore flow energy is the largest. At this time, the offshore flow continuously impacts the water turbine 201 to drive the generator set 202 to complete tidal energy offshore flow power generation.
The offshore flow diversion unit 1 is provided with diversion ports 103 and diversion dykes 104 on upstream and downstream opposite sides of the offshore flow generation unit 2, wherein the diversion ports 103 of the diversion dykes 104 on the upstream side face the ocean current direction at the time of tide rise, and the diversion ports 103 of the diversion dykes 104 on the downstream side face the ocean current direction at the time of tide fall. The drainage dyke 104 is connected with the water turbine 201 through a drainage port 109, the drainage port 109 is in a horn mouth shape, a fishway 106 and an inlet and an outlet of a flushing guide pipe 108 are arranged at the connection position of the drainage dyke 104 and the drainage port 109, the flushing guide pipe 108 is connected between two offshore flow drainage units 1, and a flushing port gate 107 is arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the flushing guide pipe 108; the drainage dyke 104 is provided with a drainage dyke end filtering screen 105 between the fishway 106 and the inlet and outlet of the flushing flow guide pipe 108, and the drainage dyke end filtering screen 105 is preferably arranged at an oblique angle. The drainage dike 104 is provided with a flaring drainage port 103, and a drainage port blocking screen 101 and a drainage port flashboard 102 are arranged at the drainage port.
Ocean currents sequentially enter the diversion bank 104 through the diversion port blocking screen 101, the diversion port flashboard 102 and the diversion port 103, the ocean currents in the diversion bank 104 are continuously accelerated to become offshore flows, the tail end of the diversion bank 104 passes through the diversion bank tail end blocking screen 105, the blocking screen blocks medium-sized and small-sized marine organisms entrained by the ocean currents from entering the water turbine, and the marine organisms and impurities are discharged out of the system from the fishway 106.
Sediment entrained in ocean currents is deposited in the drainage dyke 104, the drainage port flashboard 102 and the flushing gate 107 are matched and adjusted, small off-shore water bundles of the contralateral flow channels are filled with the sediment at the bottom of the drainage dyke 104 through the contralateral flow channel flushing guide pipe 108, and in addition, attachments on the filtering screen 105 at the tail end of the drainage dyke are synchronously flushed.
The diversion dike 104 can adopt a canal-shaped design with the dike top exposed to the sea surface, can also adopt a box culvert-shaped or pipeline-shaped closed design, can be deeply buried in the sea water, and can also be exposed to the sea surface.
According to the technical scheme, the optimal ratio of the cross section area of the flow channel of the drainage dyke 104 to the cross section area of the outer edge of the bell mouth of the drainage port 103 is 1 as shown in an ANSYS simulated ocean current experiment process: less than or equal to 3 to 10.
In order to save investment, the offshore flow power generation unit 2 only has the water turbine 201 and the generator factory 203 contacted with ocean currents, and special anti-corrosion treatment is needed.
As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, when generating electricity using tidal energy, the drainage port 103 of the drainage bank 104 located on the upstream side faces the ocean current direction at the time of tide, and the drainage port 103 of the drainage bank 104 located on the downstream side faces the ocean current direction at the time of tide withdrawal, ocean currents at each period of tide rise, tide fall and tide level can accelerate the water turbine to generate electricity through two opposite unidirectional flow paths. Therefore, the dam is not required to be built at a bay or a tidal estuary, the bay (or estuary) and the open sea are separated to form a reservoir, the investment is reduced, and the interference to the ecological environment, particularly the ecological environment of the coast and the river bank is greatly reduced. In addition, the site selection is more free, and basically, only a stable seabed foundation and a non-channel area capable of sensitively sensing ocean currents can be offshore constructed.
In this embodiment, one drainage port 103 is provided for each drainage dyke 104, and is arranged in a straight line with the drainage dyke 104, and the drainage ports 103 of the two drainage dykes 104 are also arranged in a straight line, so that ocean currents in a certain direction range can be sensed and attracted through the horn mouth shape. In implementation, the two drainage dykes 104 can be provided with drainage ports in multiple directions, further, the drainage ports in each direction or part of directions of the two drainage dykes 104 can also be horn-shaped, and gates are arranged in the drainage ports to selectively open one drainage port in the two drainage dykes 104 and close other drainage ports, and through the cooperation of the two drainage channels, the power generation can be conducted in an all-direction, all-time and maximum efficiency mode. Further, part or all of the drainage ports can be collected to the end of the drainage dyke 104 through the branch flow passage smoothly connected with the drainage dyke 104, and the gate of the drainage port is also arranged at the collection position, and when the drainage port is closed, the flow passage wall forming the smooth drainage flow passage of the opened drainage port, and the ocean current attracted by the opened drainage port directly enters the drainage dyke 104 through the branch flow passage thereof.
In summary, in order to solve the technical problem of severe site selection in the tidal power generation technology, the system is arranged at the tidal estuary or coastline by adopting the offshore flow technology, the drainage ports are arranged along the ocean current direction, the drainage ports can also be buried in the ocean current, and a plurality of groups of power generation devices can be arranged along the coastline. The offshore flow forming condition is manufactured manually, or the reef is utilized to build the drainage beam dyke and the power generation factory building, so that wide and flat estuary topography and enough high-fall topography of the inland and open sea are not needed, and the problem of tidal power generation site selection is solved. In addition, compared with the conventional tidal power generation, the invention only needs to build civil facilities such as diversion dikes, power generation plants and the like, does not need to build huge dams, and has low investment and construction cost, short construction period and quick response.
Any equivalent change or equivalent modification based on the technical proposal according to the technical idea provided by the invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical proposal of the invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. An offshore tidal energy power generation system, characterized in that the tidal energy offshore power generation system comprises an offshore flow diversion unit and an offshore flow power generation unit; the offshore flow drainage unit adopts a contralateral bidirectional flow passage, and a unidirectional flow passage of the offshore flow drainage unit is respectively composed of a drainage port, a drainage beam dyke, a drainage port and a contralateral flow passage flushing flow guide pipe; the ocean current is gathered into an offshore flow through the diversion port, and the offshore flow is accelerated to a drainage port transition section through the diversion beam dike, at the moment, the flow speed reaches the highest, and the offshore flow energy is the largest; the offshore flow power generation unit is arranged at the gathering position of the two-way flow channel of the offshore flow drainage unit, and tidal power generation can be completed by means of offshore flow in each period including the period of rising tide, falling tide and flat tide;
the offshore flow drainage unit adopts a two-way flow channel to wash the flow guide pipe of the contralateral flow channel between the tail ends of the respective drainage dykes, two filter screens with different filter grades are respectively arranged at the drainage port and the two tail ends of the drainage dykes, a stream of fluid is led out from the offshore flow to wash attachments on the filter screens of the contralateral flow channel, and a gate is arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the flow guide pipe.
2. The offshore tidal energy power generation system of claim 1, wherein the opposite side bidirectional flow channels adopted by the offshore flow diversion unit are upstream side bidirectional flow channels and downstream side bidirectional flow channels, each side unidirectional flow channel is provided with a flaring-shaped diversion port, when one of the opposite side bidirectional flow channels is used as an inflow flow channel, the other one is used as an outflow flow channel, and ocean currents in each period of rising tide, falling tide and flat tide can accelerate and push the water turbine to generate power through two opposite unidirectional flow channels.
3. The ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system of claim 1, wherein the offshore flow diversion port is of a divergent angle structure, ocean currents are collected from the diversion port and enter the diversion dike, a filter screen and a maintenance gate are arranged at the diversion port, the aperture of the screen is used for blocking large marine organisms and sundries from entering the runner, and the filter screen is arranged perpendicular to the runner.
4. A marine tidal energy offshore flow power generation system according to claim 1 wherein the diversion dike comprises a channel ocean flow channel formed by two side dikes, the tops of the two side dikes being exposed to the sea surface; or the drainage dyke adopts a box culvert-shaped structure or a tubular structure.
5. The offshore flow power generation system of ocean tidal energy according to claim 1, wherein two filtering screens with different filtering grades are respectively arranged at the drainage port and the tail end of the drainage beam dyke to prevent marine organisms and sundries from entering the power generation system; the screen aperture of the drainage dyke tail end filtering screen blocks medium-sized marine organisms and small-sized marine organisms and sundries from entering the water turbine, and the drainage dyke tail end filtering screen forms an inclined angle with the runner; the forefront end of the bevel angle is provided with a fishway, and medium-sized marine organisms and small-sized marine organisms accumulated in front of the filter screen net can swim out of the system from the fishway.
6. The ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system of claim 1, wherein the end of the diversion bank and the connection end of the drainage port adopt an expanded diameter mode, and a Laval nozzle technology is adopted to accelerate the fluid in the diversion bank so as to provide the maximum impact kinetic energy for the unit.
7. An offshore tidal energy power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the offshore flow power generation unit and the seawater contact member are made of seawater corrosion resistant materials; the surface of the contact part of the water turbine unit and the sea water is coated with an antifouling agent or packaged with an antifouling adhesive tape material.
8. An offshore tidal energy power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the offshore tidal energy power generation unit generator and the auxiliary system are arranged in a factory building at the upper part of the water turbine to isolate direct contact with seawater.
9. An offshore tidal energy power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the offshore flow power generation units are matched with a plurality of groups of offshore flow diversion units in a combined manner, so that the installation scale of the offshore flow power generation units is enlarged; each group of offshore flow diversion units adopts the contralateral bidirectional flow channel.
CN202310404767.XA 2023-04-17 2023-04-17 Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system Active CN116145628B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310404767.XA CN116145628B (en) 2023-04-17 2023-04-17 Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system
PCT/CN2024/083493 WO2024217225A1 (en) 2023-04-17 2024-03-25 Ocean tidal energy rip current power generation system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310404767.XA CN116145628B (en) 2023-04-17 2023-04-17 Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system

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CN116145628B true CN116145628B (en) 2023-09-08

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CN116145628B (en) * 2023-04-17 2023-09-08 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Ocean tidal energy offshore flow power generation system

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CN215907989U (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-02-25 林雄 Tidal power generation device built at reclaimed beach gate

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