CN116122614A - Construction process for repairing building outer wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction process for repairing an outer wall of a building, which relates to the technical field of building construction, wherein a permeable crystallization type waterproof interface agent is used in the process and comprises the following steps: 1-3 parts of graphene oxide, 2-5 parts of starch, 2-3 parts of sodium citrate, 3-5 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 0.1-0.5 part of sodium bisulphite initiator, wherein hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt is introduced into the modified sodium silicate, so that the penetration of water can be prevented, and ion migration can be slowed down; the cohesiveness of cement mortar is improved by providing a cement mortar reinforcing agent.

Description

A construction technique for repairing exterior walls of buildings

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of a construction technology for repairing building exterior walls, in particular to a construction technology for repairing building exterior walls.

Background technique

The surface of the building is collectively referred to as the exterior wall. The exterior wall bears the functions of load, wind and rain, heat insulation, sound insulation, and fire safety. However, due to long-term exposure to the atmosphere, it is affected by sunlight, moisture, temperature, and various harmful gases and impurities Affected by various physical and chemical factors, the exterior wall of the building will appear cracking, hollowing, falling off, sanding, and water leakage. The exterior wall finish is easy to accumulate thick dirt, or cause damage to the finish or function Deterioration, becoming eclipsed and dirty and obsolete, not only seriously affects the appearance, but also brings the loss of waterproof, heat insulation, sound insulation and other functions. If the external wall of the building is in this state for a long time, it will seriously damage the life of the building.

The reason for the cracking, hollowing and falling off of the exterior walls of buildings is that building materials contain certain soluble free salts and alkalis. The moisture originally contained in the wall material, or the moisture entering from the outside under construction and use conditions, can dissolve the evenly distributed saline and alkali, and move outward with the distribution of moisture. Due to outward movement of water and evaporation. Salt generally accumulates and crystallizes near the surface of the wall, and the expansion force of salt-out crystallization acts on the finish layer, causing the finish layer to separate from the base layer. Therefore, waterproof coatings and interface agents are used to reduce the repeated immersion of water into the exterior walls of buildings, thereby avoiding alkalization of the walls.

The traditional method of repairing the external wall of a building includes: shoveling to expose the cement base, pouring epoxy resin, and sealing the injection port with cement mortar. However, the current waterproof materials on the market are mainly based on asphalt base coating + asphalt membrane. The material itself has poor weather resistance and aging resistance. It will harden, shell, and hollow after 3-5 years. In terms of construction, the tools are cumbersome and the construction period is long. , It is necessary to use an open flame and a heating rod to heat the primer to 200°C before construction. In terms of cost, there are a series of problems such as material cost + construction cost + post-maintenance cost.

Therefore, it is of practical significance to provide a construction technique for repairing building exterior walls that is environmentally friendly, economical, attractive in appearance and good in aging resistance.

Contents of the invention

(1) Solved technical problems

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a construction process for building exterior wall repair, which solves the problems of insufficient environmental protection of raw materials, poor aging resistance and poor waterproof performance in the construction process of traditional building exterior wall repair .

(2) Technical solution

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a construction process for building exterior wall repair, including cleaning the exterior wall surface, waterproofing, leveling, heat preservation, and decoration operations, including the following steps:

Step S01, cleaning and repairing: remove the original exterior wall until the cement base is exposed, clean up the floating dust, open a V-groove in the gap, and use a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent to treat the V-groove in the gap to play the role of plugging, water-stopping and reinforcement;

Step S02, leveling: use cement mortar containing a reinforcing agent for leveling, the cement mortar is mixed with 0.5-3% cement mortar reinforcing agent, use 1:2.5 cement mortar for leveling, and the leveling thickness is 1-2cm, to obtain On the leveling layer of the external wall of the building;

Step S03, elastic waterproofing: use the multi-functional elastic waterproof paint to carry out waterproof primer and waterproof topcoat. The primer is to brush the waterproof paint on the cement mortar leveling layer with a roller, and the drying time is 1 hour after the coating is uniform, and then the waterproof Brush the paint on top of the bottom coat, apply it evenly and let it dry for 4 hours, and finally apply the second coat of top coat;

Step S04, strengthen the gaps: use space cloth to strengthen the cracks, parapets, yin and yang corners, and pipe roots before the decorative paint or protective layer. The space cloth refers to the honeycomb hexagonal anti-cracking mesh

Step S05, thermal insulation: install the thermal insulation layer, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 25-35mm, and the materials used for the thermal insulation layer include: bonding mortar, thermal insulation board, alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, anchor bolts, plastering mortar and brackets. The roller brushes the waterproofing agent on the plastering mortar of the insulation layer for waterproofing;

Step S06, decorative paint or protective layer: use heat-insulating decorative paint to decorate the exterior wall of the building or use a protective layer to coat the exterior wall of the building, and make separation joints. After the first side is completed, the second day of construction Secondary coat.

Preferably, the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent includes: 1-3 parts of graphene oxide, 2-5 parts of starch, 2-3 parts of sodium citrate, 3-5 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 1-2 parts Water reducer, 0.1-0.5 parts of sodium bisulfite initiator, and the above-mentioned raw material powders are mixed evenly to obtain a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent.

Preferably, the preparation of the modified silicate I includes the following steps:

Step S11: Add sodium silicate solution into the flask, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, mix evenly at 60°C, add emulsifier dropwise after 10 minutes, add initiator dropwise after stirring evenly, and then drop by drop Add a designed amount of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water, stir evenly, and mature for 24 hours to obtain polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked sodium silicate;

Step S12, put the sodium silicate cross-linked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, add a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, put the flask into a constant temperature water bath filled with water at 40°C, Turn on stirring;

Step S13, after stirring evenly, heat up to 60°C, add a certain proportion of ammonium persulfate initiator solution, after a period of initiation, add a designed amount of hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt modifier, under the protection of inert gas nitrogen Maintain a constant temperature and react for 2-4 hours to prepare modified sodium silicate I after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

Preferably, the hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt includes C16-18 quaternary ammonium salt.

Preferably, the cement mortar reinforcing agent is modified sodium silicate II, and the formula of the cement mortar containing the reinforcing agent is: 200-240 parts of cement, 9-10 parts of water reducing agent, 100-120 parts of water, modified silicon Sodium acid II 10-20 parts, mechanically stirred and evenly sprayed on the outer wall of the building, the spraying dosage is 0.1-0.12L/m2.

Preferably, the preparation of the modified sodium silicate II comprises the following steps:

Step S21: Add sodium silicate solution into the flask, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, mix evenly at 60°C, add emulsifier dropwise after 10 minutes, add initiator dropwise after stirring evenly, and then drop by drop Add a designed amount of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water, stir evenly, and mature for 24 hours to obtain polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked sodium silicate;

Step S22, put the sodium silicate cross-linked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, add a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, put the flask into a constant temperature water bath filled with water at 40°C, Turn on stirring;

Step S23, after stirring evenly, raise the temperature to 60°C, add a certain proportion of ammonium persulfate initiator solution, and after a period of initiation, add sulfamic acid, sodium dodecylsulfonate, modifier, while maintaining a constant temperature React for 2-4 hours to prepare modified sodium silicate II after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

Preferably, the cement mortar reinforcing agent is added to the concrete or cement mortar according to the proportion, weighed and then fully stirred, then left to stand for 5-10 minutes after stirring, and then stirred again.

Preferably, the multifunctional elastic waterproof coating includes: polymer emulsion, cement powder, quartz powder, calcium carbonate powder, and additives, and the formula ratio of the additives includes: 5.0% by weight based on the total mass of the emulsion Membrane aid, 0.2wt% dispersant A, 0.3wt% dispersant B, 1.0wt% waterproofing agent, 2.5wt% plasticizer, 2.0wt% anti-aging agent, 0.5wt% defoamer, the polymer emulsion is Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, described waterproofing agent is calcium stearate, plasticizer is chlorinated paraffin, dispersant is that A is polymethacrylic acid derivative, and dispersant B is sodium hexametaphosphate, the multifunctional obtained The tensile strength of the elastic waterproof coating film is 2.35-2.84MPa, and the elongation at break is 270-310%.

Preferably, the use of the multifunctional elastic waterproof coating comprises the following steps:

Step S31, preparation of liquid material: Weigh the polymer emulsion with a poly-ash ratio of , pour it into a container, stir and disperse, and add the dispersant A, film-forming aid, waterproofing agent, and defoaming agent in sequence according to the formula ratio , after mixing evenly for later use;

Step S32, preparing powder: mixing cement powder, quartz powder, and calcium carbonate powder in a ratio of 2:1:1, then adding a dispersant and a plasticizer and stirring evenly,

Step S33, liquid powder mixing: slowly add the liquid material after stirring and dispersion into the uniformly mixed powder material, and stir and disperse at a low speed of 800-1000 rpm for 5-5～ 7min, fully stir until there are no obvious agglomerated particles in the system, stir evenly and let it stand for 1-3min to reduce air bubbles, before proceeding to the next step;

Step S34, coating: coating is carried out in three times, and the subsequent coating should be carried out after the previous coating is dry, and finally the thickness of the coating film reaches 1.2-2.5mm.

Preferably, the protective layer is made of 20mm thick cement mortar or 40mm thick fine stone concrete mixed with 2-3% cement reinforcement as the protective layer.

Principle of the invention: The present invention provides a construction process for repairing the exterior walls of buildings. The gaps in the exterior walls of buildings are cleaned and repaired to play the role of plugging, water-stopping and reinforcement. In this process, a waterproof interface agent is used , by introducing a hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt into the modified sodium silicate, it can not only prevent the penetration of water, but also slow down the migration of ions. It has the characteristics of osmotic crystallization, corrosion resistance, increasing concrete density and improving concrete strength. After graphene oxide, starch, sodium citrate, and modified sodium silicate are in contact with the concrete surface, they penetrate into the concrete with water as the carrier and grow into branch-like needle-shaped crystals inside the concrete. After the water evaporates, the crystals are closely combined with the concrete. , to block the capillary channels to prevent water penetration, to achieve the purpose of waterproof and plugging; by providing a cement mortar reinforcement agent to improve the bonding of cement mortar, it can prevent the external wall of the building from sanding, cracking, and hollowing, and at the same time block the cement The capillary channels and tiny gaps of mortar and concrete, and for smooth walls, can be easily applied to the wall and have a good structure; by providing a fiber waterproof coating, and the fiber waterproof coating has UV resistance, abrasion resistance, aging resistance and weather resistance Good, can be applied directly on the wet surface.

(3) Beneficial effects

The invention provides a construction technique for repairing building exterior walls, which has the following beneficial effects:

(1) This a kind of construction technology that is used for building exterior wall repair, by cleaning and repairing the gap in the building exterior wall, plays the effect of plugging and water-stopping and reinforcement, improves cement by providing a kind of cement mortar reinforcing agent The cohesiveness of the mortar can prevent the external wall of the building from sanding, cracking, and hollowing, and at the same time block the capillary channels and tiny gaps of the cement mortar and concrete, and it can be easily applied to the smooth wall and has a good structure; By providing a fiber waterproof coating, and the fiber waterproof coating has good ultraviolet resistance, abrasion resistance, aging resistance and weather resistance, and can be directly constructed on a wet surface.

(2) This construction process for repairing the exterior walls of buildings uses plugging and reinforcement to treat gaps and cracks. Through the treatment, the elastic coating used has the characteristics of freeze-thaw resistance, aging resistance, good anti-ultraviolet effect, non-toxic and environmental protection 1. The advantages of convenient construction. This construction technology has the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period, no water seepage or leakage after completion, and stable quality.

Detailed ways

Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The invention provides a technical solution: a construction process for repairing the exterior wall of a building, including cleaning the exterior wall surface, waterproofing, leveling, heat preservation, and decoration operations, including the following steps:

Step S01, cleaning and repairing: remove the original exterior wall until the cement base is exposed, clean up the floating dust, open a V-groove in the gap, and use a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent to treat the V-groove in the gap to play the role of plugging, water-stopping and reinforcement;

Step S02, leveling: use cement mortar containing a reinforcing agent for leveling, the cement mortar is mixed with 0.5-3% cement mortar reinforcing agent, use 1:2.5 cement mortar for leveling, and the leveling thickness is 1-2cm, to obtain On the leveling layer of the external wall of the building;

Step S03, elastic waterproofing: use fiber waterproof paint to carry out waterproof primer and waterproof topcoat, the primer is to brush the waterproof paint on the cement mortar leveling layer with a roller, apply it evenly and dry for 1 hour, and then brush the waterproof paint On top of the primer, apply evenly and dry for 4 hours, and finally apply the second top coat;

Step S04, strengthen the gaps: use space cloth to strengthen the cracks, parapets, yin and yang corners, and pipe roots before the decorative paint or protective layer. The space cloth refers to the honeycomb hexagonal anti-cracking mesh

Step S05, thermal insulation: install the thermal insulation layer, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 25-35mm, and the materials used for the thermal insulation layer include: bonding mortar, thermal insulation board, alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, anchor bolts, plastering mortar and brackets. The roller brushes the waterproofing agent on the plastering mortar of the insulation layer for waterproofing;

Step S06, decorative paint or protective layer: use heat-insulating decorative paint to decorate the exterior wall of the building or use a protective layer to coat the exterior wall of the building, and make separation joints. After the first side is completed, the second day of construction Secondary coat.

Further, the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent includes: 1-3 parts of graphene oxide, 2-5 parts of starch, 2-3 parts of sodium citrate, 3-5 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 1-2 parts Water reducer, 0.1-0.5 parts of sodium bisulfite initiator, and the above-mentioned raw material powders are mixed evenly to obtain a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent.

Further, the preparation of the modified silicate I includes the following steps:

Step S11: Add sodium silicate solution into the flask, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, mix evenly at 60°C, add emulsifier dropwise after 10 minutes, add initiator dropwise after stirring evenly, and then drop by drop Add a designed amount of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water, stir evenly, and mature for 24 hours to obtain polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked sodium silicate;

Step S12, put the sodium silicate cross-linked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, add a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, put the flask into a constant temperature water bath filled with water at 40°C, Turn on stirring;

Step S13, after stirring evenly, heat up to 60°C, add a certain proportion of ammonium persulfate initiator solution, after a period of initiation, add a designed amount of hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt modifier, under the protection of inert gas nitrogen Maintain a constant temperature and react for 2-4 hours to prepare modified sodium silicate I after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

Further, the hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salts include C16-18 quaternary ammonium salts.

Further, the cement mortar reinforcing agent is modified sodium silicate II, and the formula of the cement mortar containing the reinforcing agent is: 200-240 parts of cement, 9-10 parts of water reducer, 100-120 parts of water, modified silicon 10-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate II, mechanically stirred and evenly sprayed on the outer wall of the building, the spraying dosage is 0.1-0.12L/m ² .

Further, the preparation of the modified sodium silicate II includes the following steps:

Step S21: Add sodium silicate solution into the flask, add 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, mix evenly at 60°C, add emulsifier dropwise after 10 minutes, add initiator dropwise after stirring evenly, and then drop by drop Add a designed amount of 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water, stir evenly, and mature for 24 hours to obtain polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked sodium silicate;

Step S22, put the sodium silicate cross-linked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, add a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, put the flask into a constant temperature water bath filled with water at 40°C, Turn on stirring;

Step S23, after stirring evenly, raise the temperature to 60°C, add a certain proportion of ammonium persulfate initiator solution, and after a period of initiation, add sulfamic acid, sodium dodecylsulfonate, modifier, while maintaining a constant temperature React for 2-4 hours to prepare modified sodium silicate II after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

Further, the cement mortar reinforcing agent is added to the concrete or cement mortar according to the ratio, weighed and then fully stirred, then left to stand for 5-10 minutes after stirring, and then stirred again.

Further, the multifunctional elastic waterproof coating includes: polymer emulsion, cement powder, quartz powder, calcium carbonate powder, and additives, and the formula ratio of the additives includes: 5.0wt% by weight based on the total mass of the emulsion Membrane aid, 0.2wt% dispersant A, 0.3wt% dispersant B, 1.0wt% waterproofing agent, 2.5wt% plasticizer, 2.0wt% anti-aging agent, 0.5wt% defoamer, the polymer emulsion is Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, described waterproofing agent is calcium stearate, plasticizer is chlorinated paraffin, dispersant is that A is polymethacrylic acid derivative, and dispersant B is sodium hexametaphosphate, and the waterproof coating obtained The tensile strength of the coating film is 2.35-2.84MPa, and the elongation at break is 270-310%.

Further, the use of multifunctional elastic waterproof coating comprises the following steps:

Step S31, preparation of liquid material: Weigh the polymer emulsion with a poly-ash ratio of , pour it into a container, stir and disperse, and add the dispersant A, film-forming aid, waterproofing agent, and defoaming agent in sequence according to the formula ratio , after mixing evenly for later use;

Step S32, preparing powder: mixing cement powder, quartz powder, and calcium carbonate powder in a ratio of 2:1:1, then adding a dispersant and a plasticizer and stirring evenly,

Step S33, liquid powder mixing: slowly add the liquid material after stirring and dispersion into the uniformly mixed powder material, and stir and disperse at a low speed of 800-1000 rpm for 5-5～ 7min, fully stir until there are no obvious agglomerated particles in the system, stir evenly and let it stand for 1-3min to reduce air bubbles, before proceeding to the next step;

Step S34, coating: coating is carried out in three times, and the subsequent coating should be carried out after the previous coating is dry, and finally the thickness of the coating film reaches 1.2-2.5 mm.

Further, the protective layer adopts 20mm thick cement mortar or 40mm thick fine stone concrete, and the fine stone concrete is mixed with 2-3% cement reinforcement as the protective layer.

Example 2

The present invention provides a technical solution: a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent for building exterior wall repair, the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent includes: 3 parts of graphene oxide, 2 parts of starch, 2 parts of sodium citrate , 5 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 2 parts of water reducer, 0.5 part of sodium bisulfite initiator, mix the above-mentioned raw material powder uniformly to obtain a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent, and the use method of the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent The method is: remove the original exterior wall until the cement base is exposed, clean up the floating dust, open a V-groove in the gap, and use a penetrating crystalline waterproof interface agent to treat the V-groove in the gap.

Example 3

The present invention provides a technical solution: a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent for building exterior wall repair, the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent includes: 1 part of graphene oxide, 3 parts of starch, 2 parts of sodium citrate , 3 parts of modified sodium silicate Ⅰ, 1 part of water reducing agent, 0.2 part of sodium bisulfite initiator, mix the above-mentioned raw material powder uniformly to obtain a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent, and the use method of the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent The method is: remove the original exterior wall until the cement base is exposed, clean up the floating dust, open a V-groove in the gap, and use a penetrating crystalline waterproof interface agent to treat the V-groove in the gap.

Example 4

The present invention provides a technical solution: a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent for building exterior wall repair, the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent includes: 2 parts of graphene oxide, 5 parts of starch, 3 parts of sodium citrate , 4 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 1.5 parts of water reducer, 0.1 part of sodium bisulfite initiator, mix the above-mentioned raw material powder evenly to obtain a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent, and the usage method of the osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent The method is: remove the original exterior wall until the cement base is exposed, clean up the floating dust, open a V-groove in the gap, and use a penetrating crystalline waterproof interface agent to treat the V-groove in the gap.

Example 5

The invention provides a technical solution: a cement mortar reinforcing agent and the formula of cement mortar containing the reinforcing agent are: 220 parts of cement, 9 parts of water reducing agent, 110 parts of water, 15 parts of modified sodium silicate II, mechanically stirred evenly Spray on the exterior wall of the building, the dosage is 0.1-0.12L/m ² .

Example 6

The present invention provides a technical solution: a multifunctional elastic waterproof coating includes: polymer emulsion, cement powder, quartz powder, calcium carbonate powder, and additives, and the formula ratio of the additives is calculated according to the total mass of the emulsion. : 5.0wt% film-forming aid, 0.2wt% dispersant A, 0.3wt% dispersant B, 1.0wt% waterproofing agent, 2.5wt% plasticizer, 2.0wt% anti-aging agent, 0.5wt% defoamer, so The polymer emulsion is a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, the waterproofing agent is calcium stearate, the plasticizer is chlorinated paraffin, the dispersant is a polymethacrylic acid derivative, and the dispersant B is sodium hexametaphosphate , the tensile strength of the obtained waterproof coating film is 2.35-2.84MPa, and the elongation at break is 270-310%.

The multi-functional elastic waterproof coating has a solid content of 60-75% when it is topcoated, a drying time of 1-2 hours, impermeability (0.3MPa, 30min), low-temperature flexibility: no cracks at -20°C, stretchable The strength is 3.0MPa, the elongation at break is 306%; the fiber waterproof coating primer: solid content 39%, thermal expansion rate 0.5%, does not contain ammonia, and the drying time is 1-2 hours.

Experimental example 1

To verify the water resistance of the penetrating crystalline waterproof interface agent, the water resistance is tested through the following steps, and the following table is obtained:

Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Primary impermeability pressure/MPa 2.8 3.0 3.1 Secondary impermeability pressure/MPa 2.6 3.2 3.6

Conclusion: The present invention provides a osmotic crystalline waterproof interface agent for building exterior wall repair, which has anti-seepage effect.

Experimental example 2

Use the process in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and the infiltration crystalline waterproof interface agent, cement mortar reinforcing agent and fiber waterproof coating to deal with the external walls of buildings with gaps, hollows and falling off on the surface, and use the external wall construction process on the market As the control group, the actual effects of the two processes were compared after 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years, and finally the construction process provided by the present invention has the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period, no water seepage and leakage after completion, and anti-aging Features of good performance.

To sum up, this kind of construction technology used for repairing the external walls of buildings deals with gaps and cracks through plugging and reinforcement. It has the advantages of environmental protection and convenient construction. This construction technology has the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period, no water seepage and water leakage after completion, and stable quality. It solves the problems of insufficient environmental protection of raw materials, aging resistance, The problem of poor waterproof performance.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The construction process for repairing the outer wall of the building comprises the operations of cleaning the wall surface of the outer wall, waterproofing, leveling, heat preservation and decoration, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step S01, cleaning and repairing: the original outer wall is shoveled out until the cement base layer is exposed, floating dust is cleaned, the gap V groove is opened, and the gap V groove is treated by using a permeable crystallization type waterproof interface agent, so that the functions of plugging, water stopping and reinforcement are achieved;

step S02, leveling: leveling by using cement mortar containing a reinforcing agent, wherein 0.5-3% of cement mortar reinforcing agent is doped in the cement mortar, leveling is performed by using cement mortar with the ratio of 1:2.5, and the leveling thickness is 1-2cm, so that a building outer wall leveling layer is obtained;

step S03, elastic waterproof: the method comprises the steps of using a multifunctional elastic waterproof base coat and a waterproof top coat, brushing the waterproof coating on a cement mortar leveling layer by using a roller, uniformly coating, drying for 4 hours, brushing the fiber waterproof coating on the base coat, uniformly coating, drying for 6 hours, and finally brushing the second top coat;

step S04, reinforcing a gap: reinforcing the crack, parapet wall, yin-yang corner and pipe root by using space cloth before decorating the paint or the protective layer, wherein the space cloth refers to a honeycomb hexagonal anti-cracking net;

step S05, heat preservation: installing an insulating layer, wherein the thickness of the insulating layer is 25-35mm, and the insulating layer comprises the following materials: binding mortar, a heat-insulating board, alkali-resistant glass fiber gridding cloth, anchor bolts, plastering mortar and a bracket, brushing a waterproof agent on the plastering mortar of the heat-insulating layer by using a roller for waterproof treatment;

step S06, decorative paint or protective layer: and (3) carrying out decorative coating on the outer wall surface of the building by using the heat insulation decorative coating or coating the outer wall of the building by using the protective layer, and constructing a second coating on the first surface after finishing the first surface.

2. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein: the permeable crystallization type waterproof interfacial agent comprises: 1-3 parts of graphene oxide, 2-5 parts of starch, 2-3 parts of sodium citrate, 3-5 parts of modified sodium silicate I, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 0.1-0.5 part of sodium bisulfite initiator, and uniformly mixing the raw material powder to obtain the permeable crystallization type waterproof interfacial agent.

3. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 2, wherein: the preparation of the modified silicate I comprises the following steps:

step S11: adding a sodium silicate solution into a flask, adding a 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, uniformly mixing at 60 ℃, dropwise adding an emulsifier after 10min, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding an initiator after uniformly stirring, dropwise adding a 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water with preset amounts, uniformly stirring, and curing for 24h to obtain polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked sodium silicate;

s12, putting sodium silicate crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, adding a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, putting the flask into a constant-temperature water bath kettle filled with water at 40 ℃, and starting stirring;

and step S13, after uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate initiator solution in a certain proportion, after initiating for a period of time, adding a preset amount of hydrophobic long-chain organic ammonium salt modifier, and reacting for 2-4 hours under the protection of inert gas nitrogen at a constant temperature to obtain the modified sodium silicate I after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

4. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 3, wherein: the hydrophobic long chain organic ammonium salt comprises a quaternary ammonium salt of C16-18.

5. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein: the cement mortar reinforcing agent is modified sodium silicate II, and the formula of the cement mortar containing the reinforcing agent is as follows: 200-240 parts of cement, 9-10 parts of water reducer, 100-120 parts of water and 10-20 parts of modified sodium silicate II, and uniformly stirring mechanically, and spraying the mixture on the outer wall of a building with the spraying dosage of 0.1-0.12L/m ² 。

6. The construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation of the modified sodium silicate II comprises the following steps:

step S21: adding a sodium silicate solution into a flask, adding a 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water in proportion, uniformly mixing at 60 ℃, dropwise adding an emulsifier after 10min, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding an initiator after uniformly stirring, dropwise adding a 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and distilled water with preset amounts, uniformly stirring, and curing for 24h to obtain polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked sodium silicate;

s22, putting sodium silicate crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol into a flask, adding a certain amount of silane coupling agent and emulsifier OP-10, putting the flask into a constant-temperature water bath kettle filled with water at 40 ℃, and starting stirring;

and S23, after uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate initiator solution in a certain proportion, initiating for a period of time, and then adding sulfamic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate and modifier, and reacting for 2-4 hours at a constant temperature to obtain modified sodium silicate II after polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking and organic amine modification.

7. The construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 5, wherein: the cement mortar reinforcing agent is added into concrete or cement mortar according to the proportion, and is fully stirred after weighing, and is kept stand for 5-10 minutes after stirring, and is stirred again.

8. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein: the multifunctional elastic waterproof coating comprises: the emulsion comprises polymer emulsion, cement powder, quartz powder, calcium carbonate powder and an auxiliary agent, wherein the formula proportion of the auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0wt% of film forming auxiliary agent, 0.2wt% of dispersing agent A, 0.3wt% of dispersing agent B, 1.0wt% of waterproofing agent, 2.5wt% of plasticizer, 2.0wt% of anti-aging agent and 0.5wt% of defoaming agent, wherein the polymer emulsion is vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, the waterproofing agent is calcium stearate, the plasticizer is chlorinated paraffin, the dispersing agent A is polymethacrylic acid derivative, the dispersing agent B is sodium hexametaphosphate, the tensile strength of the obtained waterproof coating film is 2.35-2.84MPa, and the elongation at break is 270-310%.

9. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein: the use of the multifunctional elastic waterproof coating comprises the following steps:

step S31, preparing liquid materials: weighing polymer emulsion with a poly-ash ratio, pouring the polymer emulsion into a container, stirring and dispersing, sequentially adding a dispersing agent A, a film forming auxiliary agent, a waterproof agent and a defoaming agent in a set proportion according to a formula proportion, and uniformly mixing for later use;

step S32, preparing powder: mixing cement powder, quartz powder and calcium carbonate powder according to the proportion of 2:1:1, adding a dispersing agent and a plasticizer, uniformly stirring,

step S33, mixing liquid powder: slowly adding the stirred and dispersed liquid material into the uniformly mixed powder material, stirring and dispersing for 5-7 min at a low speed of 800-1000 rpm under a sand grinding, dispersing and stirring multi-purpose machine, fully stirring until no obvious agglomerated particles exist in the system, standing for 1-3 min after uniform stirring to reduce air bubbles, and performing the next operation;

step S34, coating: the coating is carried out for three times, the subsequent coating is carried out after the previous coating is dried, and finally the thickness of the coating film reaches 1.2-2.5mm.

10. A construction process for repairing an exterior wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein: the protective layer adopts cement mortar with the thickness of 20mm or 40-thickness fine stone concrete, and the fine stone concrete is doped with 2-3% of cement reinforcing agent as the protective layer.