CN116098991A - 含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116098991A CN116098991A CN202111333356.3A CN202111333356A CN116098991A CN 116098991 A CN116098991 A CN 116098991A CN 202111333356 A CN202111333356 A CN 202111333356A CN 116098991 A CN116098991 A CN 116098991A
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- glucagon
- pharmaceutical composition
- hypoglycemia
- acid
- sodium
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Abstract
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物及其用途。本发明提供的药物组合物包含如下组分:胰高血糖素缀合物、缓冲剂、赋形剂和溶剂;其中,所述胰高血糖素缀合物由具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,其完全或部分保持胰高血糖素激动活性。该药物组合物作为液体制剂在长时间放置或振荡的条件下,外观可以保持无色澄明,纯度保持良好,便于临床使用和长期稳定储存。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物及其用途。
背景技术
胰高血糖素是一种由胰腺分泌的、由29个氨基酸组成的单链多肽,胰高血糖素可刺激肝脏将储存的糖原转化为葡萄糖,葡萄糖被释放入血液后使血糖上升。胰高血糖素在临床上主要用于低血糖症的急救,低血糖症常见于I型糖尿病患者和胰岛素使用者,低血糖病患会出现焦虑、发汗、心悸、震颤、恶心、昏迷等症状,在严重情况下甚至会导致死亡,目前对于严重的急性低血糖症的标准治疗方案是注射胰高血糖素,来迅速升高血糖。
然而,胰高血糖素较差的理化性质限制了其临床应用,胰高血糖素的等电点为7.1,因此其在生理pH条件下几乎不溶于水,而在酸性环境下(pH<3),胰高血糖素虽然可以溶解,但溶液是不稳定的,会在数小时内形成淀粉样纤维(Jesper S.P.et al.,J.DiabetesSci.Technol.,2010,4(6):1357-1367)。除了纤维化问题外,胰高血糖素在溶液中还会发生各种类型的化学降解,已报道了至少16种胰高血糖素的降解产物,降解主要发生在9位、15位和21位的天冬氨酸以及3位、20位和24位的谷氨酰胺(Joshi A.B.et al.,Int.J.Pham.,2000,203:115-125)。
由于上述溶解性和稳定性的问题,使得胰高血糖素几乎无法作为溶液制剂被储藏和销售,两种市售的胰高血糖素产品—Novo Nordisk公司的和Eli Lilly公司的GLUCAGON for Injection,均以两部分试剂盒的形式提供:一个部分是位于玻璃瓶中的冻干胰高血糖素,另一部分是含有稀释剂的注射器,包含水、甘油和盐酸。使用时,首先将稀释剂注入瓶中将冻干粉溶解,然后将所得胰高血糖素溶液抽回到注射器中,之后注射,以达到现配现用的目的。这种试剂盒的配制和使用对健康人来说也是较为繁琐的,而对于因急性低血糖而失能的患者来说,自我使用试剂盒往往是极为困难的,注射的延误有可能会导致死亡。
2019年,FDA批准XERIS公司的上市,作为溶液型的胰高血糖素产品,其采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为溶剂,但已有文献报道,DMSO溶解的胰高血糖素会引起注射部位的反应(Haymond M.W.et al.,Diabetes Care,2016,39(3):465-468)。临床上依旧期望能够出现使用方便、稳定性好、安全性高的胰高血糖素产品。
WO 2017/114425 A1公开了一系列的胰高血糖素缀合物,通过与聚乙二醇缀合,使得胰高血糖素的半衰期延长,进一步拓展了其临床应用的可能性。然而,现有技术尚未公开具有优良稳定性、适合临床使用的胰高血糖素缀合物溶液配方。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
因天然胰高血糖素存在溶解性差、易形成淀粉样纤维、易降解等问题,使得其使用和储藏方法受到诸多限制,虽然现有技术公开了一系列胰高血糖素的聚乙二醇缀合物,但尚未公开具有优良稳定性、适合临床使用的胰高血糖素缀合物液体制剂。针对上述问题,本发明提供了含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物,并提供了其在制备用于预防和/或治疗低血糖的药物中的用途。
用于解决问题的方案
[1].一种药物组合物,其包含如下组分:胰高血糖素缀合物、缓冲剂、赋形剂和溶剂;其中,所述胰高血糖素缀合物由具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,优选地,所述胰高血糖素缀合物完全或部分保持胰高血糖素激动活性。
[2].根据[1]所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述胰高血糖素缀合物由胰高血糖素突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,所述突变体在如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的至少一个位置处具有氨基酸的替换、添加或修饰,使其含有至少一个巯基;所述缀合试剂通过至少一个所述巯基缀合于所述突变体;
优选地,所述突变体具有如SEQ ID NO:2至SEQ ID NO:5中任一项所示的序列。
[3].根据[1]或[2]所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述缀合试剂选自水溶性的合成聚合物、糖类、脂类和多肽;优选地,所述缀合试剂选自聚乙二醇、多糖、脂肪酸、人血清白蛋白、非结构化可生物降解蛋白、PAS无序多肽链、羟乙基化淀粉和免疫球蛋白的Fc片段;更优选地,所述缀合试剂为聚乙二醇;甚至更优选地,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为5-100kDa,优选为10-50kDa,更优选为15-40kDa,甚至更优选为20-29kDa。
[4].根据[1]至[3]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述胰高血糖素缀合物的浓度为1-50mg/mL,优选为2-25mg/mL,更优选为5-20mg/mL,再优选为10-15mg/mL。
[5].根据[1]至[4]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述缓冲剂选自醋酸-醋酸钠、枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠、组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸、PBS、Tris、甘氨酸-盐酸、枸橼酸-磷酸氢二钠、乳酸-乳酸钠、乳酸-碳酸钠、丙酸-丙酸钠、琥珀酸-琥珀酸钠、苹果酸-苹果酸钠中的一种或几种,优选为醋酸-醋酸钠或组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸,更优选为醋酸-醋酸钠;
优选地,所述缓冲剂的浓度为5-50mmol/L,优选10-30mmol/L,更优选15-25mmol/L,甚至更优选为20mmol/L。
[6].根据[1]至[5]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的pH值为3.0-6.0,优选为4.0-6.0,更优选为4.5-5.5,甚至更优选为5.0。
[7].根据[1]至[6]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述赋形剂选自甘露醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、吐温80和氯化钠中的一种或多种,优选为甘露醇;
优选地,以重量体积比计,所述赋形剂的浓度为0.2-200mg/mL,优选为2-100mg/mL,更优选为10-80mg/mL,甚至更优选为30-50mg/mL。
[8].根据[1]至[7]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还包含抑菌剂;
优选地,所述抑菌剂选自间甲酚、苯酚、氯甲酚、三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇和尼泊金酯中的一种或多种,优选为间甲酚;
更优选地,以重量体积比计,所述抑菌剂的浓度为0.1-20mg/mL,优选为0.5-10mg/mL,更优选为1-5mg/mL,甚至更优选为2mg/mL。
[9].根据[1]至[8]中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为液体制剂,优选为注射液。
[10].根据[1]至[9]中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗低血糖的药物中的用途;
优选地,所述低血糖选自先天性高胰岛素血症低血糖、糖尿病性低血糖、非糖尿病性低血糖、反应性低血糖、空腹低血糖、妊娠性低血糖、药物诱发的低血糖、手术诱发的低血糖和肿瘤诱发的低血糖中的一种或多种。
发明的效果
通过上述技术方案的实施,本发明所提供的含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物作为液体制剂在长时间放置或振荡的条件下,外观可以保持无色澄明,纯度保持良好,便于临床使用和长期稳定储存。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施方式进行说明,但本发明不限定于此。本发明不限于以下说明的各构成,在发明请求保护的范围内可以进行各种变更,而适当组合不同实施方式、实施例中各自公开的技术手段而得到的实施方式、实施例也包含在本发明的技术范围中。
除非另有定义,本发明所用的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域中的普通技术人员所通常理解的相同含义。
在本发明中,使用“数值A~数值B”或“数值A-数值B”表示的数值范围是指包含端点数值A、B的范围。
在本发明中,使用“可以”表示的含义包括了进行某种处理以及不进行某种处理两方面的含义。本说明书中,“任选的”或“任选地”是指接下来描述的事件或情况可发生或可不发生,并且该描述包括该事件发生的情况和该事件不发生的情况。
在本发明中,术语“一(a)”或“一(an)”或“一(the)”可以指“一个”,也可以指“一个或多个”、“至少一个”以及“一个或多于一个”。
在本发明中,术语“约”可以表示:一个值包括测定该值所使用的装置或方法的误差的标准偏差。用以界定本发明的数值范围与参数皆是约略的数值,此处已尽可能精确地呈现具体实施例中的相关数值。然而,任何数值本质上不可避免地含有因前述测试装置或方法所致的标准偏差。因此,除非另有明确的说明,应当理解本发明所用的所有范围、数量、数值与百分比均经过“约”的修饰。在此处,“约”通常是指实际数值在某一特定数值或范围的±10%、±5%、±1%或±0.5%之内。
在本发明中,术语“多肽”、“蛋白”可互换地指通过共价键(例如肽键)相互连接的一串至少两个氨基酸残基,可以是重组多肽、天然多肽或合成多肽。多肽可以是线形、分支或环状的,它可以包含修饰的氨基酸,修饰方式包括例如乙酰化、甲酰化、磷酸化、磺酸化、泛素化、糖基化、C端氨基酸的酰胺化或任何其他操作,并且它可以由非氨基酸隔断。
在本发明中,术语“氨基酸”可以包括天然氨基酸、非天然氨基酸、氨基酸类似物以及所有它们的D和L立体异构体。本发明中氨基酸及缩写和英文简称如下所示:
组氨酸(His,H);丝氨酸(Ser,S);谷氨酸(Glu,E);谷氨酰胺(Gln,Q);甘氨酸(Gly,G);苏氨酸(Thr,T);苯丙氨酸(Phe,F);天冬氨酸(Asp,D);酪氨酸(Tyr,Y);亮氨酸(Leu,L);异亮氨酸(Ile,I);精氨酸(Arg,R);丙氨酸(Ala,A);缬氨酸(Val,V);色氨酸(Trp,W);甲硫氨酸(Met,M);天冬酰胺(Asn,N);半胱氨酸(Cys,C);赖氨酸(Lys,K);脯氨酸(Pro,P)。
在本发明中,“变体”、“突变体”可互换使用,其是指相对于“野生型”或者“相比较的”生物学分子,进行了修饰或改变。例如,在一个或多个(例如,若干个)位置处包含改变(即氨基酸缺失、添加、修饰、取代中的一种或多种)的氨基酸序列。突变体可以是完全功能性变体或部分功能性变体。完全功能性变体是指保持所有原有功能的突变体。部分功能性变体是指缺乏一种或多种活性和/或增强一种或多种活性的突变体。
在本发明中,氨基酸缺失可指从氨基酸序列,例如SEQ ID NO:1的序列中删除1、2或3个以上氨基酸,只要本发明的序列完全或部分保留SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的受体激动作用。
在本发明中,氨基酸添加可指在氨基酸序列,例如SEQ ID NO:1的C端、N端或N端与C端中间的任意位置处添加1、2或3个以上氨基酸,添加的氨基酸可以全部或部分彼此相邻,或添加的氨基酸之间都不彼此相邻,只要本发明的序列完全或部分保留SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的受体激动作用。
在本发明中,氨基酸修饰可以包括对天然序列的修饰,例如官能团的修饰、分子内共价键合(例如,侧链之间成环)、甲基化、酰基化、泛素化、磷酸化、氨基己烷化、生物素化等。
在本发明中,氨基酸取代可指在氨基酸序列,例如SEQ ID NO:1的序列的某个位置的氨基酸被其他氨基酸替代,只要本发明的序列完全或部分保留SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的受体激动作用。氨基酸取代可以是保守氨基酸取代,指与SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列相比,有3个,更佳地2个或1个氨基酸被性质相似或相近的氨基酸所替换而形成肽(保守性变异肽)。这些保守性变异肽可以根据下表进行示例性的氨基酸替换而产生。
最初的残基 | 代表性的取代 | 优选的取代 |
Ala(A) | Val;Leu;Ile | Val |
Arg(R) | Lys;Gln;Asn;His | Lys |
Asn(N) | Gln;His;Lys;Arg | Gln |
Asp(D) | Glu;Asn | Glu |
Cys(C) | Ser;Ala | Ser |
Gln(Q) | Asn;Glu | Asn |
Glu(E) | Asp;Gln | Asp |
Gly(G) | Ala | Ala |
His(H) | Asn;Gln;Lys;Arg | Arg |
Ile(I) | Leu;Val;Met;Ala;Phe;正亮氨酸 | Leu |
Leu(L) | Ile;Val;Met;Ala;Phe;正亮氨酸 | Ile |
Lys(K) | Arg;Gln;Asn | Arg |
Met(M) | Leu;Phe;Ile | Leu |
Phe(F) | Leu;Val;Ile;Ala;Tyr | Tyr |
Pro(P) | Ala | Ala |
Ser(S) | Thr | Thr |
Thr(T) | Ser;Val | Ser |
Trp(W) | Tyr;Phe | Tyr |
Tyr(Y) | Trp;Phe;Thr;Ser | Phe |
Val(V) | Ile;Leu;Met;Phe;Ala;正亮氨酸 | Leu |
[胰高血糖素缀合物]
在本发明中,胰高血糖素缀合物由胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,其完全或部分保持胰高血糖素受体激动作用。
在本发明中,术语“胰高血糖素”是指对应于前胰高血糖素原的53至81位氨基酸的多肽,其具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列:H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH(SEQ ID NO:1)。胰高血糖素通过与靶细胞膜上的特异性受体结合,由Gs蛋白激活腺苷酸环化酶,催化三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)转化为环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP),从而使细胞内cAMP水平升高。cAMP是胰高血糖素升糖作用的主要第二信使,通过两种途径对胰腺α细胞分泌胰高血糖素发挥兴奋性作用(cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶A途径和非cAMP依赖的蛋白激酶途径)。
与具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的野生型胰高血糖素相比,本发明的胰高血糖素突变体可以在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的至少一个位置处具有突变的氨基酸。氨基酸的突变方式包括但不限于替换、添加或修饰;在一些具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的突变方式选自替换、添加和修饰中的一种或多种。
进一步的,胰高血糖素突变体可以在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)位置处具有突变的氨基酸。并且,每个突变的氨基酸可以独立地位于SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的N末端、C末端或内部,每个位置处的氨基酸的突变方式可以独立地选自替换、添加或修饰。
通过一个或多个位置处的氨基酸的替换、添加或修饰,使胰高血糖素突变体中的一个或多个氨基酸(例如在氨基酸残基侧链中)含有巯基,为缀合试剂提供取代位点。
在本发明中,氨基酸的替换包括将SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)位置处的氨基酸替换为半胱氨酸。在一些具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的替换包括将第24位的谷氨酰胺或其它任意位置处的氨基酸替换为半胱氨酸。
在本发明中,氨基酸的添加包括在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)位置处添加一个或多个半胱氨酸。在一些具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的添加包括在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的C末端、N末端或N末端与C末端中间的任意位置处添加1个、2个、3个、4个或更多的半胱氨酸。
在本发明中,氨基酸的修饰包括在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)位置处的氨基酸的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团。示例性地,氨基酸的修饰包括对一个或多个侧链中含有氨基的氨基酸的修饰,修饰方式包括将氨基酸的侧链中的氨基与含有巯基的基团的非巯基端相连接。在一些具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的修饰包括以下方式中的一种或多种:①第3位的谷氨酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团;②第12位的赖氨酸的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团;③第20位的谷氨酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团;④第24位的谷氨酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团;⑤第28位的天冬酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团。在一些具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的修饰为在第12位的赖氨酸或第24位的谷氨酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团。在一些更具体的实施方式中,所述含有巯基的基团选自-C(=O)-X-SH或-X-SH,其中,X为未取代的或氨基取代的C1-4亚烷基,所述基团的非巯基一侧与氨基酸的侧链中的氨基连接。示例性地,X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、氨基取代的亚乙基等等。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述含有巯基的基团选自-C(=O)-CH(NH2)-CH2-SH、-CH2-SH、-CH2-CH2-SH或-CH2-CH2-CH2-SH。在一些更具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的修饰包括在第24位的谷氨酰胺的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团,所述含有巯基的基团为-CH2-CH2-SH。在另一些更具体的实施方式中,氨基酸的修饰包括在第12位的赖氨酸的侧链上连接含有巯基的基团,所述含有巯基的基团为-C(=O)-CH(NH2)-CH2-SH。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的胰高血糖素突变体还可以包括在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)位置处不影响蛋白活性的添加、缺失或替换的氨基酸。众所周知,在多肽的某些区域,例如非重要区域改变少数氨基酸残基基本上不会改变生物活性,例如,适当替换、添加或缺失某些氨基酸得到的序列并不会影响其活性。
在一些具体的实施方式中,胰高血糖素突变体可以具有如SEQ ID NO:2至SEQ IDNO:5中任一项所示的序列,具体序列如下所示:
H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln(-CH2-CH2-SH)-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH(SEQ ID NO:2);
H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys(-C(=O)-CH(NH2)-CH2-SH)-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH(SEQ ID NO:3);
H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Cys-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH(SEQ ID NO:4);
H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-Cys-OH(SEQ ID NO:5)。
在本发明中,胰高血糖素缀合物可以由胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,该缀合可以由胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂包含的活性官能团直接反应来完成,也可以是两者介由另外的肽类或非肽类连接子来实现。
在本发明中的一些实施方式中,所述胰高血糖素缀合物完全或部分保持胰高血糖素激动活性,具体地,胰高血糖素缀合物具有与胰高血糖素基本相同的或者达到胰高血糖素至少1%、至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%或至少99%的受体激动作用。
本领域中常用的缀合试剂包括例如水溶性的合成聚合物、糖类、脂类和多肽等。在一些具体的实施方式中,缀合试剂可以包括聚乙二醇、多糖、脂肪酸、人血清白蛋白、非结构化可生物降解蛋白(XTEN)(Schellenberger M.et al,Nature Biotechnology,2009,27(12):1186-1192)、PAS无序多肽链(Gebauer M.et al,Bioorgan Med Chem,2017,26(10):2882-2887)、羟乙基化淀粉(HES)(Liebner R.et al,Eur J Pharm Biopharm,2014,87(2):378-385)和免疫球蛋白的Fc片段。在一些具体的实施方式中,缀合试剂可以为聚乙二醇(PEG)。
在一些实施方式中,聚乙二醇通过硫醚键与胰高血糖素突变体进行缀合,得到体内药物活性显著增强的胰高血糖素缀合物,实现长效稳定血糖的效果。聚乙二醇中包含具有高反应性的活性官能团,用于与胰高血糖素突变体的缀合。在一些实施方式中,聚乙二醇中含有马来酰亚胺基团,马来酰亚胺基团中的烯基可以与胰高血糖素突变体中的巯基反应而形成硫醚键,得到一个或多个(例如,1个、2个、3个、4个或5个等)聚乙二醇与胰高血糖素突变体相缀合的多肽缀合物。在另外一些实施方式中,聚乙二醇中还可以包含卤素、乙烯基砜、二硫键、巯基、醛基、羰基、O-取代羟氨、活性酯、烯基、炔基、叠氮基或其他具有高化学反应活性的活性官能团,通过活性官能团与胰高血糖素或其突变体反应得到胰高血糖素缀合物。
在本发明中,术语“聚乙二醇”具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义,既包括聚乙二醇(含不同结构,如线性、支链、星型等分叉结构)本身,也包括其末端修饰的衍生物,除非另有明确说明。在本发明中,如果没有特别指明,聚乙二醇既包括末端基团为羟基的类型,也包括末端为其它基团的类型,所述其它基团包括但不限于烷氧基、环烷基氧基、环烷基烷氧基、烯氧基、芳氧基或芳烷基氧基等,例如,所述PEG是甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)。这些PEG分子类型都是现有技术中已知的,并且在多肽修饰中常规使用。PEG侧链可以是线性的、分枝的、分叉的或者由多个臂组成,不同的聚乙二醇可以具有不同的聚合链长度和聚合结构。
在本发明中,对于聚合物如聚乙二醇来说,有多种方法测定其分子量。由于聚合物是由一定分布范围内的不同聚合度的分子构成,一般用平均分子量表示聚合物的分子量。具体来说可以是数均分子量,或重均分子量。尽管在聚合物的聚合度差异较大时,数均分子量和重均分子量可能有一些偏差,但是对于分布范围较窄的聚合物来说,二者趋于相等。对于本文提及的聚合物如聚乙二醇,在提及其分子量时,既可以是重均分子量,也可以是数均分子量,优选数均分子量。需要说明的是,当多肽缀合物中包含多个聚乙二醇分子时,计算的是多个聚乙二醇的分子量的总和。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的聚乙二醇的分子量为5-100kDa;优选为10-50kDa;更优选为15-40kDa;甚至更优选为20-29kDa。在一些具体的实施方式中,所述聚乙二醇的分子量可以为15kDa、16kDa、17kDa、18kDa、19kDa、20kDa、21kDa、22kDa、23kDa、24kDa、25kDa、26kDa、27kDa、28kDa、29kDa、30kDa、31kDa、32kDa、33kDa、34kDa、35kDa、36kDa、37kDa、38kDa、39kDa或40kDa,以及它们任意两者之间的数值。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的聚乙二醇中可以含有马来酰亚胺基团,其结构为其中,R1选自如下基团: 每一个n独立地选自自然数,使聚乙二醇的分子量落入上述分子量范围内。在一些具体的实施方式中,R1可以具有如下所示结构:其中,n选自自然数,使聚乙二醇的分子量落入上述分子量范围内。
其中,n选自自然数,使聚乙二醇的分子量落入上述分子量范围内。
本发明对药物组合物中活性成分的含量不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定,如无特别地说明,本发明中活性成分(即胰高血糖素缀合物)的浓度均以缀合物含量计。为确保优异的疗效和用药的便利性,在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的胰高血糖素缀合物的浓度可以为1-50mg/mL,优选为2-25mg/mL,更优选为5-20mg/mL,再优选为10-15mg/mL;具体可以为5mg/mL、5.5mg/mL、6mg/mL、6.5mg/mL、7mg/mL、7.5mg/mL、8mg/mL、8.5mg/mL、9mg/mL、9.5mg/mL、10mg/mL、10.5mg/mL、11mg/mL、11.5mg/mL、12mg/mL、12.5mg/mL、13mg/mL、13.5mg/mL、14mg/mL、14.5mg/mL、15mg/mL、15.5mg/mL、16mg/mL、16.5mg/mL、17mg/mL、17.5mg/mL、18mg/mL、18.5mg/mL、19mg/mL、19.5mg/mL、20mg/mL。
[缓冲剂]
在本发明中,缓冲剂是指用来稳定溶液酸碱度的物质。这类物质一般是由弱酸及其与强碱形成的弱酸盐(水解后显弱碱性,故称为共轭碱)组成或由弱碱及其与强酸形成的弱碱盐(水解后显弱酸性,故称为共轭酸)组成的共轭酸碱对,例如醋酸(弱酸)及醋酸盐(共轭碱,例如醋酸钠)、乳酸(弱酸)及乳酸盐(共轭碱)或者组氨酸(弱碱)及盐酸组氨酸(共轭酸)等,该类物质能使溶液在遇到碱或酸时,溶液的pH变化幅度缩小。
本发明对缓冲剂的具体种类不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定,例如在本技术领域中常用的枸橼酸、醋酸、马来酸、乳酸、磷酸、盐酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、琥珀酸、氢氧化钠、枸橼酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、乳酸钠、碳酸钠、丙酸钠、琥珀酸钠、苹果酸钠和/或其对应的共轭酸碱等。
在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的缓冲剂可以是中性物质、酸、碱、酸及其盐的混合剂和碱及其盐的混合剂中的一种或多种。在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明所述的缓冲剂选自醋酸-醋酸钠、枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠、组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸、PBS、Tris、甘氨酸-盐酸、枸橼酸-磷酸氢二钠、乳酸-乳酸钠、乳酸-碳酸钠、丙酸-丙酸钠、琥珀酸-琥珀酸钠、苹果酸-苹果酸钠中的一种或几种,优选为醋酸-醋酸钠或组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸,更优选为醋酸-醋酸钠。在合适的pH范围内(例如pH为3.0~6.0),使用该类缓冲剂可以使药物组合物保持较好的稳定性。
对于上述缓冲剂的用量,本发明不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定。本发明的缓冲剂用量以“缓冲剂浓度”计量,“缓冲剂浓度”是指缓冲剂中能够发挥pH缓冲作用的物质的合计浓度。例如,当缓冲剂为共轭酸碱对时,缓冲剂浓度为溶液中弱酸与其对应的酸根离子的合计浓度(例如,醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲剂的浓度为溶液中醋酸分子与醋酸根离子的合计浓度)或者弱碱与其对应的碱根离子的合计浓度(例如,组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲剂的浓度为溶液中组氨酸分子与组氨酸阳离子的合计浓度)。在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的缓冲剂浓度为5-50mmol/L,优选10-30mmol/L,更优选15-25mmol/L。在本发明一些更具体的实施方式中,缓冲剂的浓度为20mmol/L;具体可以为10mmol/L、11mmol/L、12mmol/L、13mmol/L、14mmol/L、15mmol/L、16mmol/L、17mmol/L、18mmol/L、19mmol/L、20mmol/L、21mmol/L、22mmol/L、23mmol/L、24mmol/L、25mmol/L、26mmol/L、27mmol/L、28mmol/L、29mmol/L、30mmol/L。
[pH值]
pH值对胰高血糖素缀合物的稳定性具有较大影响,本发明提供的药物组合物在偏酸性的条件下较为稳定。
在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的药物组合物的pH值为3.0~6.0。在此pH值范围内,本发明的药物组合物可以保持良好的稳定性。当pH值大于6.0时,胰高血糖素缀合物会发生较为快速的降解。在一些优选的实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物的pH值为4.0~6.0;在该pH条件下,药物组合物在低温(例如4℃)存放两周或以上时,其液相纯度仍能保持在80%以上。在一些更优选的实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物的pH值为4.5-5.5,甚至更优选为5.0,在该pH条件下,药物组合物在低温(例如4℃)存放两周或以上时,其液相纯度仍能保持约90%甚至更高;示例性的,pH值具体可以为4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9、5.0、5.1、5.2、5.3、5.5等。
[赋形剂]
在本发明中,赋形剂指在药物制剂中除主药以外的附加物,也可称为辅料。如片剂中的黏合剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂;中药丸剂中的酒、醋、药汁等;半固体制剂软膏剂、霜剂中的基质部分;液体制剂中的抗氧剂、矫味剂、芳香剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、增溶剂、渗透压调节剂、着色剂等均可称为赋形剂。
本发明对赋形剂的具体种类不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定,例如在本技术领域中常用的糖类(蔗糖、海藻糖、葡聚糖、果糖、环化糊精和羟乙基淀粉等),多元醇(山梨醇、甘露醇、肌醇等),氨基酸,蛋白质(白蛋白等),明胶肽,以及盐等物质,或者这些物质混合物。
在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的赋形剂可以选自甘露醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、吐温80和氯化钠中的一种或多种。为使本发明的药物组合物在储存过程中更稳定,颗粒数更少,因此,在一些更具体的实施方式中,本发明的赋形剂为甘露醇。
对于上述赋形剂的用量,本发明不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定。在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的赋形剂浓度为0.2-200mg/mL,优选为2-100mg/mL,更优选为10-80mg/mL,甚至更优选为30-50mg/mL;具体可以为2mg/mL、3mg/mL、4mg/mL、5mg/mL、6mg/mL、7mg/mL、8mg/mL、9mg/mL、10mg/mL、11mg/mL、12mg/mL、13mg/mL、14mg/mL、15mg/mL、16mg/mL、17mg/mL、18mg/mL、19mg/mL、20mg/mL、21mg/mL、22mg/mL、23mg/mL、24mg/mL、25mg/mL、26mg/mL、27mg/mL、28mg/mL、29mg/mL、30mg/mL、31mg/mL、32mg/mL、33mg/mL、34mg/mL、35mg/mL、36mg/mL、37mg/mL、38mg/mL、39mg/mL、40mg/mL、41mg/mL、42mg/mL、43mg/mL、44mg/mL、45mg/mL、46mg/mL、47mg/mL、48mg/mL、49mg/mL、50mg/mL、51mg/mL、52mg/mL、53mg/mL、54mg/mL、55mg/mL、56mg/mL、57mg/mL、58mg/mL、59mg/mL、60mg/mL、65mg/mL、70mg/mL、75mg/mL、80mg/mL、85mg/mL、90mg/mL、95mg/mL、100mg/mL。
[抑菌剂]
在本发明中,抑菌剂是指可以防止或者抑制病原微生物生长发育的物质,是药物制剂中常见的一种附加剂。
本发明对是否使用抑菌剂不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定。由于本发明的药物组合物可以作为注射剂给药,因此,为了提高制剂的生物安全性,在本发明一些具体的实施方式中,所述药物组合物包含抑菌剂。
本发明对抑菌剂的具体种类不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定,例如本技术领域中常用的酸碱及其盐类(如山梨酸、苯酚、邻苯基苯酚、苯甲酸等)、酯类(如羟苯酯类中的尼泊金酯等)、醇类(如苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇等)以及常用的氯已定等。在一些具体的实施方案中,本发明提供的药物组合物中的抑菌剂选自间甲酚、苯酚、氯甲酚、三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇和尼泊金酯中的一种或多种,采用此类抑菌剂,本发明的药物组合物较为稳定。在一些更具体的实施方案中,本发明提供的药物组合物中的抑菌剂为间甲酚。
对于上述抑菌剂的用量,本发明不作特别限定,可由所属领域技术人员根据实际需要而确定。在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的抑菌剂浓度为0.1-20mg/mL,优选为0.5-10mg/mL,更优选为1-5mg/mL;具体可以为0.5mg/mL、0.6mg/mL、0.7mg/mL、0.8mg/mL、0.9mg/mL、1mg/mL、1.1mg/mL、1.2mg/mL、1.3mg/mL、1.4mg/mL、1.5mg/mL、1.6mg/mL、1.7mg/mL、1.8mg/mL、1.9mg/mL、2.0mg/mL、2.1mg/mL、2.2mg/mL、2.3mg/mL、2.4mg/mL、2.5mg/mL、2.6mg/mL、2.7mg/mL、2.8mg/mL、2.9mg/mL、3.0mg/mL、3.1mg/mL、3.2mg/mL、3.3mg/mL、3.4mg/mL、3.5mg/mL、3.6mg/mL、3.7mg/mL、3.8mg/mL、3.9mg/mL、4.0mg/mL、4.5mg/mL、5mg/mL、5.5mg/mL、6mg/mL、6.5mg/mL、7mg/mL、7.5mg/mL、8mg/mL、8.5mg/mL、9mg/mL、9.5mg/mL、10mg/mL。
[药物组合物]
本发明的药物组合物包含胰高血糖素缀合物、缓冲剂、赋形剂、任选的抑菌剂和溶剂,在体内表现出明显增强的胰高血糖素的生物活性,可有效提升血糖,并能发挥长效稳定血糖的药物效果,适于各类与低血糖症状相关的疾病的长效治疗。
在一些实施方式中,组合物中还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。在本发明中,使用药物组合物的目的在于促进针对生物体的给药,有利于活性成分的吸收,进而发挥生物活性。本发明的组合物可以通过任何形式给药,包括注射(动脉内、静脉内、肌肉内、腹膜内、皮下)、粘膜、口服(口服固体制剂、口服液体制剂)、直肠、吸入、植入、局部(例如眼部)给药等。口服固体制剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于散剂、胶囊剂、锭剂、颗粒剂、片剂等。口服或粘膜给药的液体制剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于混悬剂、酊剂、酏剂、溶液剂等。局部给药制剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于乳剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、贴剂、糊剂、泡沫剂、洗剂、滴剂或血清制剂。胃肠外给药制剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于注射用溶液剂、注射用干粉剂、注射用悬浮液、注射用乳剂等。本发明的组合物还可以制成控制释放或延迟释放剂型(例如脂质体或微球)。
在一些具体的实施方式中,本发明的药物组合物为注射剂。当药物组合物为注射剂时,为保证注射安全性,可将组合物的渗透压限定在一定的范围内,例如200-400mOsm/kg,优选220-390mOsm/kg,更优选240-380mOsm/kg,甚至更优选为250-360mOsm/kg,再优选为260-350mOsm/kg。
在本发明中,施用途经能够以任何适用的方式进行变化或调整,以满足药物的性质、患者和医务人员的便利以及其它相关因素的需求。
[药物组合物的医药用途]
本发明的包含胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物可以用于预防和/或治疗低血糖,同时本发明的包含胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物可以进一步制备用于预防和/或治疗低血糖的药物。具体而言,低血糖可以为表现有低血糖症状的各类疾病。
受各类因素的诱导,机体表现出低血糖症状,本发明的包含胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物具有提升体内血糖水平,和长效稳定血糖的体内药物活性,适于治疗各类表现有低血糖症状的疾病。示例性地,低血糖可以选自先天性高胰岛素血症低血糖、糖尿病性低血糖、非糖尿病性低血糖、反应性低血糖、空腹低血糖、妊娠性低血糖、药物诱发的低血糖、手术诱发的低血糖和肿瘤诱发的低血糖中的一种或多种。
本发明的包含胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物,能够长效稳定受试者体内的血糖水平,为低血糖的治疗提供了极具临床应用潜力的治疗药物。
本发明还提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗低血糖的方法,其包括向受试者施用预防和/或治疗有效量的包含胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物,其中低血糖可以选自先天性高胰岛素血症低血糖、糖尿病性低血糖、非糖尿病性低血糖、反应性低血糖、空腹低血糖、妊娠性低血糖、药物诱发的低血糖、手术诱发的低血糖和肿瘤诱发的低血糖中的一种或多种。
为更清楚地表述本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例进一步说明,但不能用于限制本发明,此仅是本发明的部分实施例。除非另有说明,本发明中使用的仪器、试剂、材料、实验动物等均可通过常规商业手段获得。
实施例1:制备胰高血糖素变体缀合物
(1)固相合成胰高血糖素突变体
胰高血糖素突变体的结构如下所示:
胰高血糖素突变体Q-1的合成步骤如下:
步骤1:Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-CTC树脂的溶胀
取Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-CTC树脂在DMF中浸泡2-5小时而溶胀。溶胀后,树脂用DMF洗涤数次。
步骤2:Fmoc的脱保护
用含20%(V/V)哌啶的溶液除去Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-CTC树脂的Fmoc保护基。脱保护后,用DMF清洗树脂,然后排空。用茚三酮对树脂进行取样和测试,测试结果应为阳性。
步骤3:偶联氨基酸
按照目标突变体的氨基酸序列,依次偶联28号至1号的氨基酸,对于28号氨基酸(Fmoc-L-Asn(Trt)-OH):3.0eq Fmoc-L-Asn(Trt)-OH、2.85eq TDBTU和DMF溶剂加到脱保护的树脂中。再加入6.0eq DIPEA后在20-30℃下反应60-120min。用茚三酮试验监测偶联反应,测试结果应为阴性。偶联完成后采用步骤2中的方法脱去Fmoc保护基,并用茚三酮进行取样和测试。
对于2-23,25-27号氨基酸:制备包含3eq Fmoc氨基酸、3eq HOBt的DMF溶液,冰浴,然后加入3eq DIC反应10-15min。随后,将活化的氨基酸溶液加入到脱保护的树脂中反应60-120min,用茚三酮试验监测偶联反应,测试结果应为阴性。偶联完成后采用步骤2中的方法脱去Fmoc保护基,并用茚三酮进行取样和测试。
对于24号氨基酸:制备包含1.5eq Fmoc-L-Glu(NHCH2CH2STrt)-OH和1.5eq HOAt的DMF溶液,冰浴,然后加入1.5eq DIC反应10-15min。随后,将活化的氨基酸溶液加入到脱保护的树脂中反应60-90min,之后向反应混合液中添加0.5eq的PyAOP和1.0eq的DIPEA,并使其再反应60-90min,用茚三酮试验监测偶联反应,测试结果应为阴性。偶联完成后采用步骤2中的方法脱去Fmoc保护基,并用茚三酮进行取样和测试。
对于1号氨基酸:将5.0eq Fmoc-L-His(Trt)-OH、4.75eq TDBTU和DMF添加到含有脱保护树脂的反应器中,然后加入10eq DIPEA并在20-30℃下反应120min-180min,用茚三酮试验监测偶联反应,如反应结果为阴性,说明反应完成。Fmoc-L-His(Trt)-OH偶联后脱除N端Fmoc保护,茚三酮试验阳性后进行4次甲醇洗涤。
步骤4:裂解及纯化
洗涤后,将多肽树脂减压干燥至恒重,之后加入预冷的裂解液,搅拌2.5-3.5h,从树脂上裂解得到完全组装的多肽,去除氨基酸侧链保护基。通过过滤去除多余的树脂,滤液加入到预冷的乙醚中获得沉淀产物,然后用乙醚洗涤、干燥,得到粗品。使用Luna C18(3)树脂对粗品进行两级纯化,得到最终产品。LC-MS检测产品分子量为3543.04,理论值为3542.87±1.00。
(2)合成多肽缀合物I-1
多肽缀合物I-1(PEG分子量约为23kDa)具有如下所示结构:
多肽缀合物I-1的合成步骤如下:
步骤1:PEG化
制备含有70%缓冲溶液(Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4,pH6.5)和30%乙腈的溶液,将1.1eqα-[3-(3-马来酰亚胺基-1-氧代丙基)胺基]丙基-ω-甲氧基聚乙二醇-23KDa加入到溶液中,搅拌5-10min。再加入胰高血糖素突变体Q-1,反应液氮气保护,室温下搅拌1-2h,反应终点通过HPLC确定,残留胰高血糖素突变体Q-1不超过0.5%。
步骤2:纯化
反应完全后,用水稀释反应液,并用醋酸调节pH至4.0,再进行离子交换柱层析。再经过脱盐-浓缩-超滤的工艺处理,冻干后得到多肽缀合物I-1产品。Maldi-TOF-MS质谱检测产品的数均分子量为26422.5。
实施例2:配制胰高血糖素变体缀合物的溶液
称取目标量的缓冲剂放入容量瓶中,加注射用水溶解;依次加入各种辅料和胰高血糖素缀合物原料药,充分搅拌、溶解,用水定容至目标量,即得。
实施例3:胰高血糖素变体缀合物溶液处方的优化
设计一系列缓冲剂/Buffer筛选实验、辅料筛选实验、制剂成品稳定性实验,通过40℃高温实验、25℃加速稳定性实验和2~8℃稳定性实验对处方进行优化。检测项目包括外观、pH值、渗透压、MFI及RP-HPLC纯度,具体检测方法如下:
a.外观检测:将样品瓶擦拭干净,置于澄明度检测仪器黑背景和白背景前观察样品澄明度和颜色;
b.pH值检测:将pH计用标准液校准后,取100μL样品测定pH值,重复测定2次,取平均值为最终结果;
c.MFI检测:使用Protein simple 5200流式颗粒分析仪检测样品的颗粒数,测试样品量为1.4mL,每个样品测试一次;
d.RP-HPLC检测:使用Agilent 1260infinity,Waters-186006957色谱柱(3.5μm,4.6mm×150mm)进行梯度洗脱,流动相:A相(5mM NaH2PO4+20mM辛烷磺酸钠,pH2.50);B相(20mM辛烷磺酸钠+80%乙腈+20%水);流速1mL/min,检测波长220nm。
标准溶液配制:使用电子天平精确称量I-1标准品10mg于2mL容量瓶中,用水溶解并定容至刻度,作为浓度5.0mg/mL的标准品溶液。
样品溶液配制:将样品处方溶液稀释至胰高血糖素变体缀合物浓度为5mg/mL,然后取150μL至样品瓶中,进样。
(1)制剂缓冲剂/pH的筛选
分别选取醋酸-醋酸钠、枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠和组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲液三种缓冲剂,pH范围为4.0-6.5,化合物I-1的终浓度为10mg/mL,然后将样品灌装于2mL西林瓶中,加塞压盖后,置于40℃和25℃进行稳定性考察,检测其外观、pH、纯度和浓度等参数,结果见表1。
表1缓冲剂/pH考察结果
注:“T0”代表储存0天;“W”代表周。
从外观检查结果来看,所有样品在T0、25℃-2W、40℃-1W、40℃-2W时,外观均为无色澄明,不同缓冲剂/pH处方之间无区别,pH变化结果也无显著差别。HPLC纯度检测结果显示在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系以及枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠缓冲体系中,样品在40℃放置2周后,随着pH的升高,纯度下降的较少,呈现出一定范围内的pH依赖性,在相同pH值如4.5和5.0,40℃放置2周后,醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系的样品纯度分别比枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠缓冲体系高约11%(F2-F4)和6%(F3-F5)。在组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲体系中,随着pH从5.5升至6.5,40℃放置2周后,纯度逐渐下降,表明样品在较高的pH条件下不稳定。
综合分析,可以发现醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系中pH为5.0的处方F3,以及组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲体系中pH为5.5的处方F7纯度下降相对较少,同时考虑到样品在组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲体系中随pH上升纯度明显下降,因此选择pH为5.0的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系以及组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲体系进行进一步开发。
(2)制剂辅料的筛选
根据前述实验结果,在20mM、pH5.0的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系和组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸缓冲体系,分别加入不同比例的甘露醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、EDTA-2Na、间甲酚、PS80、氯化钠,称量化合物I-1的终浓度为10mg/mL,然后将样品灌装于2mL西林瓶中,加塞压盖后,通过40℃高温实验,考察各处方的稳定性,各处方组成如表2,测试结果见表3。
表2辅料筛选用处方
表3辅料考察结果
注:“T0”代表储存0天;“W”代表周。
从外观结果看,40℃放置两周后,处方G1-G14样品外观均为无色澄明液体,处方间无区别,pH亦均处于5.0±0.1,无异常。40℃放置两周后,MFI结果显示处方G8的颗粒数明显少于其他组,说明吐温80(PS80)的加入对于减少样品颗粒数有一定作用,可能有助于增加I-1在溶液中的稳定性。将两组缓冲液体系横向进行比较,发现添加同种辅料的处方中,醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系的稳定性更佳,40℃放置两周后的纯度下降更少(即G1优于G11,G5优于G12,G7优于G13)。同缓冲体系下进行比较,可以发现G1与G5纯度下降相对较少,表明甘露醇和甲硫氨酸有一定的稳定样品的作用。
(3)制剂处方的确认
由于注射液可能会作为多剂量给药,为了提高制剂的生物安全性,抑菌剂间甲酚的加入也是必要的,再综合考虑渗透压等因素,选择处方H1、H2和H3作进一步的筛选实验:
表4制剂确认用处方
按照上述表格配制处方,称量化合物I-1使其终浓度为10mg/mL,灌装于2mL西林瓶中,分别通过40℃高温实验、25℃振摇实验(A-25℃-5D与A-25℃-10D)、2~8℃稳定性实验以及25℃加速稳定性实验考察各处方制剂的稳定性,检测指标包括外观、pH值、渗透压、MFI、纯度及浓度等参数,检测结果见表5。
表5制剂确认用处方考察结果
注:“T0”代表储存0天;“D”代表天;“W”代表周;“M”代表月。
外观结果显示,处方H1在如表所示的时间点均为无色澄明溶液,而H2和H3在25℃振摇5天和10天后,外观呈现有微乳光,药物纯度及浓度出现轻微下降趋势;当H2和H3样品于40℃加速2周和4周,以及25℃放置1个月、2个月、3个月后,外观均为浑浊状态。MFI检测结果中也显示在25℃振摇10天后,H2和H3颗粒数明显比H1处方多,随时间延长,可见颗粒愈加明显。在振摇5天和10天,40℃-2W和4W,5℃-1M及25℃-1M放置后,H1-H3处方之间纯度相近,无明显区别,pH值和渗透压指标均没有显著差异。综合考虑外观、MFI、纯度变化等指标,H1处方可以满足临床需求。
序列表
<110> 派格生物医药(苏州)股份有限公司
<120> 含有胰高血糖素缀合物的药物组合物及其用途
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Claims (10)
1.一种药物组合物,其包含如下组分:胰高血糖素缀合物、缓冲剂、赋形剂和溶剂;其中,所述胰高血糖素缀合物由具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的胰高血糖素或其突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,优选地,所述胰高血糖素缀合物完全或部分保持胰高血糖素激动活性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述胰高血糖素缀合物由胰高血糖素突变体与缀合试剂缀合形成,所述突变体在如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的至少一个位置处具有氨基酸的替换、添加或修饰,使其含有至少一个巯基;所述缀合试剂通过至少一个所述巯基缀合于所述突变体;
优选地,所述突变体具有如SEQ ID NO:2至SEQ ID NO:5中任一项所示的序列。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述缀合试剂选自水溶性的合成聚合物、糖类、脂类和多肽;优选地,所述缀合试剂选自聚乙二醇、多糖、脂肪酸、人血清白蛋白、非结构化可生物降解蛋白、PAS无序多肽链、羟乙基化淀粉和免疫球蛋白的Fc片段;更优选地,所述缀合试剂为聚乙二醇;甚至更优选地,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为5-100kDa,优选为10-50kDa,更优选为15-40kDa,甚至更优选为20-29kDa。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述胰高血糖素缀合物的浓度为1-50mg/mL,优选为2-25mg/mL,更优选为5-20mg/mL,再优选为10-15mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述缓冲剂选自醋酸-醋酸钠、枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠、组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸、PBS、Tris、甘氨酸-盐酸、枸橼酸-磷酸氢二钠、乳酸-乳酸钠、乳酸-碳酸钠、丙酸-丙酸钠、琥珀酸-琥珀酸钠、苹果酸-苹果酸钠中的一种或几种,优选为醋酸-醋酸钠或组氨酸-盐酸组氨酸,更优选为醋酸-醋酸钠;
优选地,所述缓冲剂的浓度为5-50mmol/L,优选10-30mmol/L,更优选15-25mmol/L,甚至更优选为20mmol/L。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的pH值为3.0-6.0,优选为4.0-6.0,更优选为4.5-5.5,甚至更优选为5.0。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述赋形剂选自甘露醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、吐温80和氯化钠中的一种或多种,优选为甘露醇;
优选地,以重量体积比计,所述赋形剂的浓度为0.2-200mg/mL,优选为2-100mg/mL,更优选为10-80mg/mL,甚至更优选为30-50mg/mL。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还包含抑菌剂;
优选地,所述抑菌剂选自间甲酚、苯酚、氯甲酚、三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇和尼泊金酯中的一种或多种,优选为间甲酚;
更优选地,以重量体积比计,所述抑菌剂的浓度为0.1-20mg/mL,优选为0.5-10mg/mL,更优选为1-5mg/mL,甚至更优选为2mg/mL。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为液体制剂,优选为注射液。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗低血糖的药物中的用途;
优选地,所述低血糖选自先天性高胰岛素血症低血糖、糖尿病性低血糖、非糖尿病性低血糖、反应性低血糖、空腹低血糖、妊娠性低血糖、药物诱发的低血糖、手术诱发的低血糖和肿瘤诱发的低血糖中的一种或多种。
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