CN116086543A - A kind of Martian dust storm simulator and Martian dust storm experimental method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Mars storm simulator and a Mars storm experiment method thereof, which belong to the technical field of Mars atmospheric simulation experiments and comprise a mechanical motion experiment platform and a closed container arranged on the mechanical motion experiment platform, wherein the motion mode of the mechanical motion experiment platform comprises horizontal reciprocating vibration, vertical reciprocating vibration and variable speed rotation, mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas are filled in the closed container in a sealing manner under the condition of low air pressure, the closed container is connected with a monitoring device, and the different-intensity storm is simulated in the closed container by controlling different motion modes of the mechanical motion experiment platform, so that experimental data of the storm in the closed container is obtained by the monitoring device. According to the invention, the mechanical motion experiment platform drives the closed container to complete different motion modes, and different-intensity dust storms are simulated in the closed container, so that the simulation of the internal environment of the closed container is realized by the integral motion of the closed container, the problem of poor stirring action and wind source blowing accuracy is avoided, and the accuracy of the Mars dust storm simulation is improved.

Description

A kind of Martian dust storm simulator and Martian dust storm experimental method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of Mars atmosphere simulation experiments, in particular to a Mars dust storm simulator and a Mars dust storm experiment method thereof.

Background technique

There are huge differences between Mars' atmospheric environment and surface materials and Earth's: for example, Mars' atmosphere is thin and dry, mainly carbon dioxide (containing 95.5% CO ₂ , 2.7% N ₂ , 1.6% Ar and other trace gases, and the average surface pressure is only 700Pa), the strong UV/cosmic ray radiation causes the Martian atmosphere to have a high degree of ionization. At the same time, Mars is also a planet with global dust storms, and the impact of dust storms on Mars cannot be ignored. The study of dust storms will help to deepen the understanding of the Martian atmospheric electric field (generating mechanism, electric field characteristics, and evolution law), atmospheric discharge phenomena, and the strong interaction between the Martian atmosphere and surface materials caused by the discharge. However, there is currently no Mars measured data and simulated experimental data, which limits the in-depth research on the above scientific issues.

In the absence of detection data from the in-situ atmospheric electric field measuring instrument on the surface of Mars, laboratory simulation, especially close to the Martian environment, is the only feasible and effective way to solve the above scientific problems. In-depth research on the generation mechanism, intensity characteristics, evolution characteristics of the Martian dust storm atmospheric electric field, and the relationship between the electric field characteristics and wind speed changes, air pressure, and dust storm dust mineral particle types. It will increase people's in-depth understanding of the Martian atmospheric environment and environmental evolution.

The Chinese patent with the authorized notification number CN107290002B discloses a Martian sandstorm simulation experiment device and experimental method. The experimental device includes a closed container and a photoelectric measuring device. The transmission rod passes through the airtight container and connects with the rotating part; the photoelectric measuring device includes an optical fiber probe and a photomultiplier tube connected with the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe is installed on the quartz window of the airtight container, and the photomultiplier tube is located outside the airtight container. This scheme realizes the simulation of the sandstorm on the surface of Mars by using the rotation of the rotating part in the closed container, but the high-intensity collision between the rotating part and the mineral particles has brought interference to the authenticity of the dust storm simulation, which has brought great difficulties to the accurate realization of the Martian dust storm simulation. There are technical difficulties, and it can only be simulated by rotation, and the simulation method is single.

For another example, the Chinese patent application publication number CN114104347A discloses a vacuum container device for simulating the low-pressure dust storm environment on Mars. The side is hingedly connected with the gate, and there are two guide rails at the bottom of the cylinder. The outer tank car is a frame structure. A plurality of flange interfaces are connected to the vacuum system, measurement and control system, ejector and/or sand and dust system through flange interfaces. The program uses the wind source arranged in the wind tunnel to drive the movement of Martian dust, and simulates the Martian atmospheric pressure, density, temperature, and Martian atmosphere and dust storm flow field environment to realize the simulation of the dust environment on the surface of Mars. However, different environmental changes can only be simulated by changing the size of the wind source, and the degree of change from near to far at the wind source is relatively large, resulting in poor accuracy of the final simulation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Mars dust storm simulator and its Mars dust storm experimental method, to solve the problems in the prior art mentioned above, by filling mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas in a closed container to simulate the low pressure environment of Mars, through mechanical movement The experimental platform drives the airtight container to complete different motion modes to simulate dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container. It can realize the simulation of the internal environment with the overall movement of the airtight container, avoiding the problem of poor accuracy caused by stirring action and wind blowing. Improved accuracy of Martian dust storm simulations.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

The present invention provides a Martian dust storm simulator, which comprises a mechanical movement experiment platform and a closed container installed on the mechanical movement experiment platform, and the movement mode of the mechanical movement experiment platform includes horizontal reciprocating oscillation, vertical reciprocating oscillation and variable speed rotation. The airtight container is sealed and filled with mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas under low pressure conditions. The airtight container is connected with a monitoring device. Dust storm, the experimental data of the dust storm in the airtight container is obtained through the monitoring device.

Preferably, the monitoring device includes a fiber optic spectrometer, and the fiber optic spectrometer is used to measure the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the closed container.

Preferably, the monitoring device includes a wireless micro camera, and the wireless micro camera is used to monitor the images of the mineral particles in the airtight container, analyze the movement speed of the mineral particles, and the distribution of the mineral particles during the oscillation process.

Preferably, the monitoring device includes an atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument, and the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument is used for online measurement of the electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container.

Preferably, the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument includes a spherical electrode for coupling with the atmosphere of Mars to generate an induced electromotive force, an insulating support for installing the spherical electrode, and a grounding plate as a reference electrode, and the spherical electrode generates The potential difference between the induced electromotive force and the ground plate is used as an analog induction signal, the analog induction signal is adjusted by an analog signal conditioning circuit to obtain a first analog induction signal, and the first analog induction signal is converted into a digital signal by a digital circuit Signal.

Preferably, three identical spherical electrodes are respectively installed in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction through the insulating bracket to simultaneously detect three induced electromotive forces generated by dust storms in three dimensions.

Preferably, the airtight container adopts a quartz glass tube.

The present invention also provides a Martian dust storm experimental method, using the Martian dust storm simulator described above, including the following:

Fill the airtight container with simulated Martian atmosphere and Martian representative minerals, and set it to Mars low pressure conditions to form an airtight container containing Martian atmospheric components, Martian atmospheric pressure and a certain amount of Martian minerals;

Start the mechanical movement experiment platform, and the mechanical movement experiment platform drives the airtight container to perform horizontal reciprocating oscillation, vertical reciprocating oscillation or variable speed rotation, forming dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container;

Monitoring the experimental data of the dust storm in the airtight container through a monitoring device, recording and analyzing the experimental data;

Close the mechanical movement experiment platform.

Preferably, the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the airtight container is measured, the image of the mineral particles in the airtight container is monitored, the movement speed of the mineral particles is analyzed, the distribution of the mineral particles in the oscillation process is analyzed, and the dust in the airtight container is analyzed. The electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity are measured online, the experimental data are obtained through the above methods, and the measured experimental data are summarized to analyze the characteristics of the atmospheric electric field and the form of atmospheric discharge when the dust storm occurs.

Preferably, after the mechanical movement experiment platform is closed, the samples in the airtight container are taken out for off-line analysis to identify the alteration products and analyze the yield of the alteration products. Analyze the changing situation.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

(1) The present invention simulates the low-pressure environment of Mars by filling mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas in the airtight container, drives the airtight container to complete different motion modes through the mechanical movement experiment platform, and simulates dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container, and can use airtight The overall movement of the container realizes the simulation of its internal environment, avoids the problem of poor accuracy caused by the stirring action and the blowing of the wind source, and improves the accuracy of the Martian dust storm simulation;

(2) Monitoring device of the present invention comprises fiber optic spectrometer, wireless miniature camera and atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument, can utilize fiber optic spectrometer to measure the spectrum of dust storm discharge in airtight container, utilize wireless miniature camera to monitor the image of mineral particle in airtight container , analyze the movement speed of mineral particles, the distribution of mineral particles during the oscillation process, and use the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument to measure the electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container online, and carry out the experimental data obtained by the above method Summarizing and analyzing, the characteristics of the atmospheric electric field and the form of atmospheric discharge can be obtained when the dust storm occurs;

(3) After closing the mechanical movement experiment platform, the present invention takes out the samples in the airtight container for off-line analysis, which can identify the alteration products and analyze the yield of the alteration products. analyze the situation;

(4) The spherical electrode of the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument of the present invention is a unipolar sensor, and the working state is more stable under the Martian dust storm condition. At the same time, after the analog induction signal is converted into a digital signal, the anti-interference ability of the digital signal is stronger , and realized the measurement of the Martian atmospheric electric field under the condition of Martian dust storm.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Martian dust storm simulator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a detailed structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit structure of spherical electrode of the present invention coupled with the atmosphere of Mars;

Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit simulation diagram of spherical electrode of the present invention coupled with Martian atmosphere;

Fig. 6 is that resistance R1 of the present invention is 10 ~ ¹⁰ ohms when atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument measuring result figure;

Fig. 7 adopts the multimeter measurement result figure of seven and a half digits when the resistance R1 of the present invention is ^10-10 ohms;

Fig. 8 is the measurement result figure of atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument when resistance R1 of the present invention is 10 ¹² ohms;

Fig. 9 is the multimeter measurement result figure of seven and a half digits when the resistance R1 of the present invention is 10 ¹² ohms;

Among them, 1. Airtight container; 2. Wireless micro camera; 3. Optical fiber spectrometer; 4. Atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument; 41. Spherical electrode; 412. Analog signal conditioning circuit; 413. Digital circuit; 42. Insulation bracket; 43. Ground plate; 44. First voltage follower; 45. Second voltage follower; 46. Inverting amplifier circuit; 47. Analog-to-digital conversion module; 48. Field programmable logic gate array; 49. Communication module; 5. Mechanical movement experiment platform; 6. Carbon dioxide gas; 7. Mineral particles.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Mars dust storm simulator and its Mars dust storm experimental method, to solve the problems existing in the prior art, by filling the airtight container with mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas to simulate the low pressure environment of Mars, through the mechanical movement experiment The platform drives the airtight container to complete different motion modes to simulate dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container. It can realize the simulation of the internal environment with the overall movement of the airtight container, avoiding the problem of poor accuracy caused by the stirring action and the blowing of the wind source, and improving Accuracy of Martian dust storm simulations.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a Martian dust storm simulator, which includes a mechanical movement experiment platform 5 and a closed container 1 installed on the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 . Among them, the mechanical motion experimental platform 5 can adopt the existing experimental platform, and has multiple motion modes, including horizontal reciprocating vibration, vertical reciprocating vibration and variable speed rotation, controlled by the control system, and the mechanical motion experimental platform 5 can be obtained according to requirements. Different styles of exercise. Airtight container 1 can adopt steely or glass material to make, and has the opening that can close, and can adopt the shapes such as circle, square on the shape, fill mineral particle 7 and carbon dioxide gas 6 in airtight container 1 before experiment, and after filling After the carbon dioxide gas 6 is installed, keep the low pressure condition in the airtight container 1 (conforming to the pressure of Mars, 700Pa), simulate the Martian atmosphere with the carbon dioxide gas 6, and simulate the Martian dust with the mineral particles 7 (the mineral particle 7 selects the representative mineral composition of the surface of Mars, such as : feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, quartz, sulfate, etc., and grind to a certain particle size for mixing), drive the carbon dioxide gas 6 and mineral particles 7 inside the airtight container 1 to simulate the Martian dust storm, and control The different movement modes of the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 can simulate dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container 1 . The airtight container 1 is also connected with a monitoring device, which moves together with the airtight container 1 under the action of the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 , and the experimental data of the dust storm in the airtight container 1 can be obtained through the monitoring device. To sum up, the typical Martian mineral particles 7 and the Martian atmosphere (carbon dioxide gas 6) are sealed in the airtight container 1, that is to say, the airtight container 1 is already in the Martian environment, therefore, the airtight container 1 is driven to move by the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 , the form and intensity of Martian dust storms can be accurately simulated through different movement modes and intensities. However, the existing method of using a stirring device to realize a dust storm has a single vibration form, and it is difficult for the rotating motor bearing to be sealed with the airtight container 1, and the high-intensity collision between the metal rotating rod, the rotating head and the mineral particles 7 gives the dust storm simulation a real Sexuality brings interference and brings technical difficulties to the accurate realization of Martian dust storm simulation. Therefore, the present invention fills the airtight container 1 with mineral particles 7 and carbon dioxide gas 6 to simulate the low-pressure environment of Mars, and drives the airtight container 1 to complete different motion modes through the mechanical movement experiment platform 5, so as to simulate different intensities in the airtight container 1. The dust storm can realize the simulation of its internal environment by the overall movement of the airtight container 1, avoiding the poor accuracy caused by the stirring action and wind source blowing used in the prior art to simulate the Martian dust storm, and improving the accuracy of the Martian dust storm simulation.

Using mineral particles 7 containing volatile elements as the starting agent, it is possible to study the mechanism of the interaction between atmospheric discharge and volatile elements under simulated Mars conditions and the chemical alteration of minerals. Among them, volatile elements include: chloride, chlorine Oxygen compounds, bromides, etc.

The monitoring device may include a fiber optic spectrometer 3 for measuring the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the airtight container 1 . For example, if a fiber optic spectrometer 3 with a wavelength range of 200-1100nm is used, the spectrometer can be arbitrarily selected within the above-mentioned wavelength range when performing a dust storm experiment. Measurement of bulk spectral features. The fiber optic spectrometer 3 is located outside the airtight container 1 and is connected to the airtight container 1 through an optical fiber. Since the discharge phenomenon in the dust storm will produce a large number of oxygen-containing free radicals to induce changes in the atmosphere and surface elements of Mars, when performing dust storm simulation experiments, the airtight container 1 The spectral emission lines produced by the excited free radicals generated by the discharge in the dust storm are transmitted to the fiber optic spectrometer 3 through the optical fiber, so as to realize the measurement of the plasma spectral characteristics in the simulated dust storm, and identify the type of free radicals in the dust storm according to the plasma spectral characteristics. In order to obtain the evolution law of Martian atmosphere and surface elements induced by free radicals, it will provide a research basis for further Mars exploration.

The monitoring device can include a wireless miniature camera 2, and the wireless miniature camera 2 is installed on the outer wall of the airtight container 1, and the wireless miniature camera 2 is used for dynamic monitoring of the movement of the mineral particles 7 in the airtight container 1 and the absorption of the mineral particles 7 in the airtight container after the vibration is stopped. 1, by monitoring the image of the mineral particles 7 in the airtight container 1, the movement speed of the mineral particles 7 and the distribution of the mineral particles 7 during the oscillation process are analyzed.

The monitoring device can also include an atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4, and the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 is used for on-line measurement of the electric field strength and the atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container 1, and existing known electric fields and conductivities can be used. rate measuring device. The atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 adopts high-frequency data acquisition to eliminate electric field changes caused by repeated oscillations and realize the identification of atmospheric electric field discharge forms.

Further, as shown in Figure 2, the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 may include a spherical electrode 41 for coupling with the atmosphere of Mars to generate an induced electromotive force, an insulating support 42 for installing the spherical electrode 41, and a ground electrode as a reference electrode plate 43. The material of the spherical electrode 41 can be selected from copper, stainless steel, aluminum, etc., and the radius of the spherical electrode 41 can be 3 cm, 5 cm, etc. The insulating support 42 can be installed inside the airtight container 1 , the spherical electrode 41 is installed at one end of the insulating support 42 , and the grounding plate 43 is installed at the bottom of the airtight container 1 . The insulating support 42 is wrapped by insulating resin, which can prevent the interference of the Martian atmospheric electric field, and the insulating resin is polytetrafluoroethylene. The insulating support 42 is rotatable and adjustable in height. The potential of the ground plate 43 is 0, and the potential difference between the induced electromotive force generated by the coupling between the spherical electrode 41 and the atmosphere of Mars and the ground plate 43 is used as an analog induction signal, and the analog induction signal is adjusted by the analog signal conditioning circuit 412 to obtain the first analog induction signal The adjustment of the analog sensing signal specifically includes impedance matching, buffering the analog sensing signal, amplifying the analog sensing signal, and converting the first analog sensing signal into a digital signal through the digital circuit 413 . To sum up, the spherical electrode 41 installed on the insulating support 42 is coupled with the atmosphere of Mars to generate an induced electromotive force, and there is a potential difference between the induced electromotive force and the ground plate 43, that is, the analog induction signal, which is adjusted by the analog signal conditioning circuit 412 and then passed through The digital circuit 413 converts to a digital signal. The spherical electrode 41 is a unipolar sensor, which works more stably under Martian dust storm conditions. At the same time, after the analog induction signal is converted into a digital signal, the digital signal has stronger anti-interference ability, and realizes the detection of the Martian atmospheric electric field under the Martian dust storm condition. Take measurements.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the analog signal conditioning circuit 412 includes at least two voltage followers, that is, a first voltage follower 44 , a second voltage follower 45 and an inverting amplifier circuit 46 . Those skilled in the art can flexibly design the number of voltage followers in the analog signal conditioning circuit 412, such as 2, 3, 4, etc., which will not be repeated here.

Taking two voltage followers as an example, the introduction is as follows:

The first voltage follower 44 is used for first-time impedance matching and buffering the analog sensing signal; amplifying the analog sensing signal to form a primary amplified analog sensing signal. Specifically, the first voltage follower 44 has the function of buffering the analog induction signal, and can be used as a buffer stage in the analog signal conditioning circuit 412. Secondly, the first voltage follower 44 can perform impedance matching and improve the carrying capacity of the analog induction signal. Impedance greater than or equal to 10 ¹² ohms. Because the equivalent input resistance of the spherical electrode 41 coupled with the atmosphere of Mars is very large, the range of the equivalent input resistance is 10 ¹³ to 10 ¹⁵ ohms, which must be matched with an appropriate impedance. The model of the first voltage follower 44 may be LMC6041.

The second voltage follower 45 is connected with the first voltage follower 44 for the second impedance matching and buffering the amplified analog induction signal; amplifying the amplified analog induction signal to form the second amplified analog induction signal. Specifically, the second voltage follower 45 has the function of buffering the amplified analog induction signal, and can be used as a buffer stage in the analog signal conditioning circuit 412. Secondly, the second voltage follower 45 can perform impedance matching and improve the performance of the amplified analog induction signal. Load capacity, the impedance is 1.5×10 ¹² ohms. The model of the second voltage follower 45 can be CA3140.

The inverting amplifying circuit 46 is connected to the second voltage follower 45, and the inverting amplifying circuit 46 is used to amplify the secondary amplified analog sensing signal and output the first analog sensing signal. Specifically, the model of the inverting amplifier circuit 46 may be AD8421.

Referring again to FIG. 3 , the digital circuit 413 includes an analog-to-digital conversion module 47 , a field programmable logic gate array 48 and a communication module 49 .

The analog-to-digital conversion module 47 is connected to the inverting amplifier circuit 46, and the analog-to-digital conversion module 47 converts the first analog sensing signal into a digital signal. Specifically, the model of the analog-to-digital conversion module 47 may be AD7768.

The field programmable logic gate array 48 is connected with the analog-to-digital conversion module 47, and the field programmable logic gate array 48 is used for filtering digital signals to form filtered digital signals. Specifically, the FPGA 48 can be set as a passband filter or a stopband filter. The FPGA 48 can smooth the digital signal, remove interference noise, realize the purification of the digital signal, and improve the precision of the digital signal. Bandpass filtering means that the desired digital signal can pass through. Stop-band filtering refers to preventing unwanted digital signals from passing through. The model of the field programmable logic gate array 48 can be Spartan6 series.

The communication module 49 is connected with the field programmable logic gate array 48, and the communication module 49 is used for transmitting the filtered digital signal. Specifically, the communication module 49 may include a wireless communication sub-module or a wired communication sub-module. The model of the communication module 49 may be RS422.

Three identical spherical electrodes 41 are respectively installed in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction through the insulating bracket 42 to simultaneously detect the three induced electromotive forces generated by the dust storm in three dimensions. Specifically, the insulating support 42 can be an XYZ orthogonal 3D support rod, and the XYZ orthogonal 3D support rod can simultaneously install three independent spherical electrodes 41, and there are three potential differences between the three independent spherical electrodes 41 and the grounding plate 43 , That is, three independent spherical electrodes 41 will generate (detect or couple) three induced electromotive forces.

The electrical conductivity of the Martian atmosphere is about 1000 times that of the Earth's atmosphere, and the relevant electric field strength can be calculated by directly measuring the potential difference between two points in the simulated Martian atmosphere in the airtight container 1.

The formula is as follows:

The spherical electrode 41 relies on the resistance phenomenon (impedance matching) to infer the relevant electric field strength, and the spherical electrode 41 is also called a "relaxation probe". As shown in FIG. 4 , the equivalent circuit for coupling the spherical electrode 41 to the atmosphere of Mars is a parallel circuit of a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 . Vacton represents the actual value of the Martian atmospheric electric field (the voltage around the spherical electrode 41), and Velec represents the induced electromotive force (the measured value of the voltage around the spherical electrode 41). in:

C1=4πεr;

Wherein σ is the electrical conductivity of the Martian atmosphere, ε is the vacuum permittivity, and r is the radius of the spherical electrode 41 .

It can be seen from the above formula that the resistance R1 is inversely proportional to the Martian atmospheric conductivity σ and the radius r of the spherical electrode 41 . In order to make the resistance R1 as small as possible, it can be realized by increasing the radius of the spherical electrode 41 . Since the value of the Martian atmospheric conductivity σ is relatively small (about 10 ^-11 S/m), which is only comparable to that of the earth's stratosphere, the equivalent resistance R1 of the spherical electrode 41 and the Martian atmosphere is relatively large (about 10 ¹¹ ohms).

By assigning different values to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, the coupling between the spherical electrode 41 and the Martian atmosphere can be simulated when the Martian atmosphere has different conductivity (corresponding to different weather conditions, especially in dust storms). Therefore, the induced electromotive force induced by the spherical electrode 41 can be simulated by inputting different voltage signals of the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 under the condition of different conductivities of the Martian atmosphere. Observe and summarize the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 inputting different voltage signals. The magnitude of the induced electromotive force outputted below is used for voltage calibration. The different values of resistor R1 and capacitor C1 are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

Use the simulation software Multisim to simulate. The value of Vacton is 10V. The values of resistor R1 and capacitor C1 are shown in Table 1. The change of Velec is shown in Figure 5. The two signal changes in Figure 5 are when Vacton is added and when it is stopped. Changes in Velec during Vacton. The vertical axis is Velec voltage, and the horizontal axis is time.

Please refer to Figure 5. After Vacton is added, capacitor C1 will charge rapidly to reach a peak value, then discharge through resistor R1, and finally stabilize at a specific value (5V); after Vacton is stopped, capacitor C1 will reverse charge and then discharge, and Velec will suddenly drop Then rise.

Please refer to Figures 6 to 9, Vacton values are 50V, 100V, 150V, 200V, and 250V respectively, and the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 and a seven and a half-digit high-precision digital multimeter (model DMM7510) are used to simultaneously detect that R1 is 10 ⁹ The value of Velec in ohms or 10 ¹² ohms. The horizontal axis is the detection frequency, and the vertical axis is the value of Velec.

From Fig. 6 to Fig. 9, it can be seen that the detected change of Velec is basically consistent with the simulation result in Fig. 5 . Atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 is consistent with the Velec voltage waveform measured by the seven and a half high-precision digital multimeter. When the resistance R1 is different, the amplitude of the Velec voltage waveform change is also different. The larger the resistance R1, the smaller the amplitude of the Velec voltage waveform change, that is, the smaller the atmospheric conductivity of Mars. The rise of the Velec voltage amplitude increases with the increase of Vacton. Under the known distance between the spherical electrode 41 and the grounding plate 43, the electric field value within 10 cm near the spherical electrode 41 can be obtained by calculation. Therefore, The voltage calibration of the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 can be performed according to the Velec voltage rise amplitude. The voltage calibration result of the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 is related to the Mars atmospheric conductivity, and the voltage calibration of the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument 4 can be performed under the condition that the Martian atmospheric conductivity is selected. To carry out outdoor dust storm simulation and electric field measurement experiments in the earth environment, the values of resistor R1 and capacitor C1 in Table 1 need to be replaced with values in line with the range of the earth's atmospheric conductivity, and the voltage measurement should be performed again.

The airtight container 1 can adopt a quartz glass tube, that is, the wall of the airtight container 1 is transparent, which is convenient for observation during the experiment.

The present invention also provides a Martian dust storm experimental method, which can apply the Martian dust storm simulator described above, including the following contents:

Fill the airtight container 1 with simulated Mars atmosphere (carbon dioxide gas 6) and Mars representative minerals (mineral particles 7), and set to Mars low pressure condition (satisfy 700Pa), form Mars atmosphere composition, have Mars atmosphere pressure and contain An airtight container 1 with a certain amount of Martian minerals.

The mechanical movement experiment platform 5 is started, and the closed container 1 is driven by the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 to perform horizontal reciprocating oscillation, vertical reciprocating oscillation or variable speed rotation, forming dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container 1 .

The experimental data of the dust storm in the airtight container 1 is monitored by the monitoring device, and the experimental data is recorded and analyzed.

Close the mechanical movement experiment platform 5, and the experiment ends.

When carrying out the experiment, the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the airtight container 1 can be measured, the image of the mineral particles 7 in the airtight container 1 can be monitored, the velocity of motion of the mineral particles 7 can be analyzed, and the distribution of the mineral particles 7 in the oscillation process can be analyzed. The electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container 1 are measured online, the experimental data are obtained by the above method, and the measured experimental data are summarized to analyze the characteristics of the atmospheric electric field and the form of atmospheric discharge when the dust storm occurs.

After the mechanical movement experiment platform 5 is closed, the samples in the airtight container 1 are taken out for off-line analysis, the alteration products are identified and the yield of the alteration products is analyzed, and the mineral alteration caused by the strong interaction between the discharge and the surface materials of Mars can be analyzed .

In the present invention, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention The idea of the invention will have changes in the specific implementation and scope of application. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A Mars dust storm simulator is characterized in that: comprise mechanical motion experiment platform and the airtight container that is installed on described mechanical motion experiment platform, described mechanical motion experiment platform motion mode comprises horizontal reciprocating vibration, vertical reciprocating vibration and variable speed Rotate, the airtight container is sealed and filled with mineral particles and carbon dioxide gas under low pressure conditions, the airtight container is connected with a monitoring device, by controlling the different motion modes of the mechanical movement experiment platform, simulated in the airtight container For dust storms of different intensities, the experimental data of dust storms in the airtight container is obtained through the monitoring device. 2 . The Mars dust storm simulator according to claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device comprises a fiber optic spectrometer, and the fiber optic spectrometer is used to measure the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the airtight container. 3 . 3. Mars dust storm simulator according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described monitoring device comprises wireless miniature camera, and described wireless miniature camera is used for monitoring the image of mineral grain in described airtight container, analyzes the motion of mineral grain Velocity, distribution of mineral particles during oscillation. 4. The Martian dust storm simulator according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the monitoring device comprises an atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument, and the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument is used to measure the The electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container are measured online. 5. The Martian dust storm simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: the atmospheric electric field/conductivity measuring instrument comprises a spherical electrode for coupling with the Martian atmosphere to generate induced electromotive force, an insulation for installing the spherical electrode The bracket and the ground plate as a reference electrode, the potential difference between the induced electromotive force generated by the spherical electrode and the ground plate is used as an analog induction signal, and the analog induction signal is adjusted by an analog signal conditioning circuit to obtain a first analog induction signal , converting the first analog sensing signal into a digital signal through a digital circuit. 6. The Martian dust storm simulator according to claim 5, characterized in that: three identical spherical electrodes are respectively installed in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by the insulating bracket to detect the dust storm in the direction of the Z-axis simultaneously. Three induced electromotive forces generated in three-dimensional directions. 7. The Mars dust storm simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the airtight container adopts a quartz glass tube. 8. A Martian dust storm experimental method, characterized in that, using the Martian dust storm simulator as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, comprising the following: Fill the airtight container with simulated Martian atmosphere and Martian representative minerals, and set it to Mars low pressure conditions to form an airtight container containing Martian atmospheric components, Martian atmospheric pressure and a certain amount of Martian minerals; Start the mechanical movement experiment platform, and the mechanical movement experiment platform drives the airtight container to perform horizontal reciprocating oscillation, vertical reciprocating oscillation or variable speed rotation, forming dust storms of different intensities in the airtight container; Monitoring the experimental data of the dust storm in the airtight container through a monitoring device, recording and analyzing the experimental data; Close the mechanical movement experiment platform. 9. The Mars dust storm experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the spectrum of the dust storm discharge in the airtight container is measured, the image of the mineral particles in the monitored container is monitored, the velocity of motion of the mineral particles is analyzed, and the oscillation The distribution of mineral particles in the process, the electric field strength and atmospheric conductivity in the airtight container are measured online, the experimental data is obtained by the above method, and the measured experimental data is summarized to analyze the characteristics of the atmospheric electric field and the atmosphere when the dust storm occurs. discharge form. 10. The Martian dust storm experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: after closing the mechanical movement experiment platform, the samples in the airtight container are taken out for off-line analysis, and the alteration products are identified and analyzed. rate, to analyze the mineral alteration caused by the strong interaction between the discharge and the Martian surface materials.

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