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CN116076318B - A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea - Google Patents

A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea Download PDF

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CN116076318B
CN116076318B CN202211520097.XA CN202211520097A CN116076318B CN 116076318 B CN116076318 B CN 116076318B CN 202211520097 A CN202211520097 A CN 202211520097A CN 116076318 B CN116076318 B CN 116076318B
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fertilizer
seeds
root rot
organic fertilizer
sowing
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CN116076318A (en
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李艳兰
杨进成
金红云
罗志敏
李祥
何玉华
禹宗红
张钟
吴金花
刘坚坚
胡新洲
李铷
张春帆
李灶福
安正云
费勇
王爱明
李明芳
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Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，属于豌豆病害防治技术领域。该方法包括药剂拌种、高垄浅播种沟种植、苗期微生物菌剂肥浇根等步骤。本发明的特点是针对云南山区种植食粒豌豆根腐病的病原种类、发病原因、发病时期，从药剂拌种、高垄浅播种沟种植、增施微生物菌剂有机肥、苗期微生物菌剂肥浇根、合理轮作等多个技术措施协同对食粒豌豆根腐病进行综合防治，起到取长补短、协同作用，达到最佳防效。本发明方法简单易行、病害防治效果佳、省药省时省工、对环境安全，降低了鲜食粒豌豆根腐病的发病率，提高产量和品质。

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating root rot of mountain edible peas, and belongs to the technical field of pea disease prevention and control. The method comprises the steps of seed dressing with a medicament, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, and watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers in the seedling stage. The invention is characterized in that the root rot of edible peas is comprehensively prevented and treated by combining multiple technical measures such as seed dressing with a medicament, planting in high ridges and shallow sowing furrows, increasing the application of microbial agents and organic fertilizers, watering the roots with microbial agents and fertilizers in the seedling stage, and reasonable crop rotation, so as to complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, and achieve the best prevention effect. The method of the invention is simple and easy to implement, has a good disease prevention and control effect, saves medicine, time and labor, is safe for the environment, reduces the incidence of root rot of fresh edible peas, and improves yield and quality.

Description

Method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain edible peas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pea disease control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling mountain land grain-feeding pea root rot.
Background
The grain-fed peas are cold-season leguminous crops in the genus pea of the subfamily of the family Leguminosae, mainly adopt fresh grains, have short growth period, strong adaptability and good benefit, play an important role in structural reform at the modern agriculture supply side and development of the agriculture industry, and along with the increase of cultivation area, diseases are more and more diversified, especially root rot occurs in all regions of the country, and the damage is serious. For a long time, the root rot of the grain-eating peas is a major problem for growers, the disease is a soil-borne root disease, which is infected by a plurality of pathogenic bacteria, the infection of the fusarium solani is mainly carried out by the pea, soil, seeds and disease residues are all transmitted, the disease condition is different according to different places, years and management levels, so long as the conditions are suitable for disease occurrence in the whole growth period, the disease is more in seedling stage and flowering stage, the root or root and stem combination part of the grain-eating peas is mainly damaged, the main and side roots of the disease plant become black, the root hair is reduced, black nodules grow out, the disease condition is light, the plant is short and Huang Nian, the pod is formed, the pod and the grain are abnormal, the disease condition is seriously rotted, the whole plant is dry and dead, and even is in a dead-end.
As the root rot of the pea is complicated in pathogenic cause, pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors or both can cause the disease, the disease is greatly influenced by soil and environmental factors, the disease is difficult to control, single measures are not ideal in control effect, the cultivation and planting of disease-resistant varieties are the most economical and effective methods for preventing and treating the root rot of the pea, but the existing disease-resistant varieties are limited, farmers commonly use chemical prevention and treatment, and no bactericide capable of completely preventing and treating the root rot exists in the market, and once the disease is generated, no effective prevention and treatment means exist. At present, the root rot of the grain-fed peas can only be controlled in production, and the root rot cannot be treated completely and effectively. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem which needs to be solved in the technical field of disease control of the edible peas at present.
The method is characterized in that the paddy field is in a region which is generally low in elevation relative to the mountain region, the paddy field soil is good in water fertilizer condition, the field environment is mostly high temperature and high humidity, the planted grain peas are often poor in water resistance and fertilizer resistance, diseases and dead seedlings are often caused, and secondly, the productivity of the grain peas is slightly lower than other crops in the paddy field, and farmers in the paddy field or the field with good water fertilizer condition generally select crops with high planting yield. Therefore, the edible peas are planted in mountainous regions with water pouring conditions.
As the mountain edible peas are planted with outstanding benefits compared with other mountain crops, the planting area is increased year by year, the area of the mountain edible peas reaches 25 ten thousand mu by year, the yield exceeds 10 hundred million yuan, and the economic benefit is very remarkable. Mountain land edible peas are developed into important autumn grain crops with maximum planting regulation, maximum sales and maximum participation of peasants in mountain areas in China, but the cultivation modes of continuous cropping and continuous cropping throughout the year cause various agricultural harmful organisms, the serious occurrence, quick development of drug resistance diseases and insect pests, obvious hazard phenomenon, increased prevention and control difficulty and increased prevention and control cost, and inorganic fertilizer combination, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer collocation are not paid attention to fertilization, so that the quality of agricultural products is affected.
Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved in the technical field of pea disease control at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for preventing and treating mountain granular pea root rot, which is simple and easy to implement, good in disease prevention and treatment effect, and safe to environment, saves medicine, time and labor, reduces the incidence of the granular pea root rot, and improves the yield and quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling root rot of mountain-land edible peas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) dressing seeds with a medicament for 1 day before sowing, wherein after the liquid medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is uniformly distributed, placing the coated seeds in a ventilated and dried place, spreading out the air-dried seeds for later use, sowing the seeds with the liquid medicament within 24 hours, and no seed soaking treatment is needed before sowing;
The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90-110;
The liquid medicine contains 2.5% of fludioxonil, 58% of metalaxyl-Mn-Zn and 25% of clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-Mn-Zn to clothianidin is 1:5.7-6:7.4-7.6;
step (2), planting high-ridge shallow sowing ditches:
The method comprises the steps of no-tillage weeding by utilizing a field of flue-cured tobacco or corn which is planted before sowing, ditching and soil lifting to form a deep ditch high ridge, wherein the height of the ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of the ridge before sowing;
The microbial agent organic fertilizer is formed by mixing refined organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, wherein the application amount of the refined organic fertilizer is 295-305 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 195-205 g/mu;
step (3), root watering is carried out on the microbial agent fertilizer in the seedling stage:
When the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, root watering is carried out twice by using a microbial agent fertilizer, and the interval between the root watering and the secondary root watering is 7-10 days;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises 100 hundred million bacillus living bacteria per gram of bacillus subtilis, a total water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrient being more than or equal to 10 percent and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the bacillus subtilis is 0.98-1.02 kg/mu, the dosage of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98-2.02 kg/mu, the dosage of the monoammonium phosphate is 3.95-4.05 kg/mu, and when the microbial agent fertilizer is applied, the bacillus subtilis, the total water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and then watered.
Further, it is preferable that in the step (1), the mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100.
Further, in the step (1), the preparation method of the liquid medicine is preferably as follows, based on 1 kg:
400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% manganese zinc metalaxyl and 300g of 25% clothianidin are firstly taken to prepare 1 part of mother liquor, then a plurality of drops of rapeseed oil are added, water is added until the total weight is 1kg, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain the feed additive.
Further, in the step (2), preferably, the mass percentage of organic matters in the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the mass percentage of total humic acid is 20%, the mass percentage of total nutrients is 5.2%, the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the bacillus subtilis is wettable powder, and each gram of bacillus subtilis contains 100 hundred million viable bacteria.
Further, in the step (2), preferably, sowing is performed by adopting a drill sowing mode, soil is covered by 2.0-3.5cm after sowing, and if the corn is used before sowing, corn stalks are required to be removed from the top of the corn at a height of 150cm after the corn is ripened.
Further, in the step (2), it is preferable that the plant spacing is 3cm and the row spacing is 0.8m to 1.1m at the time of sowing.
Further, in the step (2), it is preferable that the row spacing is 1.1m when the pre-crop is flue-cured tobacco, and is 0.8m when the pre-crop is corn.
In the present invention, the location of the aeration-drying is preferably the indoor floor.
The liquid medicine is prepared by taking 400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc and 300g of 25% clothianidin to prepare 1 part of mother liquor, namely the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl manganese zinc and clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5, adding a plurality of drops of rapeseed oil, adding water to the total weight of 1kg, and stirring and uniformly mixing.
The inventor considers that the seedling stage is the initial stage of root rot and is also the key period for preventing and treating the root rot, and the seedling stage can reduce the disease in the later stage as long as the root rot is well prevented and treated, and can effectively prevent and treat the root rot. Aiming at the current situation in the prior art, the method for effectively preventing and controlling the root rot of the mountain grain pea is prepared by adopting the comprehensive prevention and control method, is used for production, and has important significance for sustainable development of the mountain grain pea industry.
Because the pea seeds have smoother surfaces, the invention can properly drop a plurality of drops of rapeseed oil when preparing the liquid medicine, so that the medicine can be well adhered to the surfaces of the seeds.
In the step (2), the ridge height is 40-50cm, a cultivation layer is added, drainage, ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, new soil pathogenic bacteria at the bottom of the ditch are fewer, and as the grain-eating peas belong to shallow root crops, the planting ditch does not need to be too deep, a planting ditch is opened at the center of the soil moisture after the furrow surface is made, the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, the ditch width is 10-15 cm, ridges are made on two sides of the shallow planting ditch, drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated, and rainwater can be received or irrigated along the ditch during drought to avoid drought.
The refined organic fertilizer adopted by the invention can be selected from organic fertilizer products special for tobacco of Yunnan Chuangge technology Limited liability company.
In the step (3), the bacillus subtilis is diluted by water 1200-1500 times and then poured, and the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, has biological antagonism and bacteriolytic and bactericidal effects, can generate antibacterial substances, induces a plant defense system to resist pathogenic bacteria invasion, can stimulate plants to generate a large amount of vitamins and biological enzymes, promotes growth and development of root systems, improves the water and fertilizer absorption capacity, further can improve the self-resistance capacity, and has good effects of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases before or at the early stage of disease.
In the full water-soluble organic fertilizer, the mass fraction of organic matters is more than or equal to 60%, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 30%, the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 10%, the consumption of each time is 2 kg/mu, the full water-soluble organic fertilizer is prepared by extracting effective components after fully fermenting oil cake, straw and humic acid, has the characteristics of full nutrition and quick dissolution, and the active matters can release the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil for secondary use, prevent soil hardening, facilitate root growth, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, have no residue and no pollution, and meet the production requirements of green pollution-free crops. The full water-soluble organic fertilizer can be selected from full water-soluble organic fertilizer products of Yunnan Sichuang technology Limited liability company.
The invention rotates reasonably, and avoids planting in the severe area of the disease. The cultivation technique of the invention is that no-tillage interplanting is carried out on the front-crop ridge, but the field weeds are necessarily removed before sowing, and the front-crop trench is cultivated in time, so that the trench is deepened, the accumulated water is reduced, the ventilation and light transmittance is increased, and simultaneously, the new soil dug out is heightened on the ridge surface and the cultivated layer is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention is characterized in that the method is used for comprehensively preventing and controlling the root rot of the edible peas by combining a plurality of technical measures such as medicament seed dressing, high-ridge shallow sowing ditch planting, microorganism bacterium organic fertilizer and seedling-stage microorganism bacterium fertilizer root watering, reasonable rotation and the like aiming at the pathogenic types, the pathogenic reasons and the pathogenic periods of the root rot of the edible peas planted in the Yunnan mountain area, so as to achieve the complementary length, the synergistic effect and the optimal prevention effect.
2. The disease is compositely infected by a plurality of pathogenic bacteria, the pathogenic cause is complex, the seed carrying rate is 8.5 percent and is mainly fusarium through sampling and testing the seeds in a disease area, so that the seed disinfection is indispensable, and the single seed dressing agent has poor disinfection effect.
3. The invention uses the organic fertilizer added with the microbial agent as the base fertilizer, and can be just connected with the dead time of the seed surface disinfectant in a seamless way when the mycelium of the microbial fertilizer grows out to play a role. The invention fully utilizes the principles that the organic fertilizer added with the bacillus subtilis can increase the fertilizer efficiency and improve the fertilizer utilization rate, and can inhibit the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in soil and invasion of plant roots, and the increased application before sowing can inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria in soil environment, reduce and prevent various fungus diseases, reduce soil-borne pathogenic bacteria, create a good growing environment rich in nutrition, and induce self disease-resistant mechanisms in plants through rhizosphere catheters, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of crops.
4. The microbial agent organic fertilizer is added as the base fertilizer, and the secondary microbial agent fertilizer is poured when the young plants grow to 10-15cm, so that the microbial agent organic fertilizer has an inhibiting effect on pathogenic bacteria in the early stage of disease occurrence and has a curing effect on plants without disease occurrence.
5. In addition to the seed dressing agent, a small amount of chemical agent is used, the microbial agent is basically not used in the early stage of growth of the grain-fed peas, but is used together with the refined organic fertilizer, the full-water-soluble organic fertilizer and a small amount of chemical fertilizer to prevent and treat diseases, so that the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a seedling stage chart of a seed dressing comparative test of application test 1, wherein a is bare seed, b is conventional seed dressing, and c is the method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the pod stage of the seed dressing comparative test of application test 1, wherein a is bare seed, b is conventional seed dressing, and c is the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the screening test using the planting density of test 3, wherein a is 2.2 ten thousand plants/mu, b is 2.5 ten thousand plants/mu, and c is 2.8 ten thousand plants/mu;
FIG. 4 is a comparative plot of the field comparison test of application test 4, wherein a is treatment 1, b is treatment 2, and c is treatment 3;
FIG. 5 is a large-area planting pattern using the method of the present invention, and the planting site is Huaning village.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
The test methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional field test methods unless specified otherwise.
Example 1
A method for controlling root rot of mountain-land edible peas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) dressing seeds with a medicament for 1 day before sowing, wherein after the liquid medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is uniformly distributed, placing the coated seeds in a ventilated and dried place, spreading out the air-dried seeds for later use, sowing the seeds with the liquid medicament within 24 hours, and no seed soaking treatment is needed before sowing;
The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100;
The liquid medicine contains 2.5% of fludioxonil, 58% of metalaxyl-Mn-Zn and 25% of clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-Mn-Zn to clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5;
step (2), planting high-ridge shallow sowing ditches:
The method comprises the steps of no-tillage weeding of a field of pre-harvest flue-cured tobacco or corn, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, increasing the height of the ridges to 40-50cm, and digging a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4.2-4.7 cm and the width of 12-14 cm in the middle of the ridges before sowing, uniformly spreading microbial agent organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizer in the planting ditch before sowing, uniformly mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil after the application, sowing again, covering soil for 2.5-3cm after sowing, and fully watering for the first time, wherein the soil of the soil moisture surface is kept moist, and the pre-harvest flue-cured tobacco stems or corn stems are reserved as a support for vine on peas;
the microbial agent organic fertilizer is formed by mixing a refined organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, wherein the application amount of the refined organic fertilizer is 300 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 200 g/mu;
step (3), root watering is carried out on the microbial agent fertilizer in the seedling stage:
when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 12-14cm, root watering is carried out twice by using a microbial agent fertilizer, and the interval between the secondary root watering is 9 days;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises 100 hundred million bacillus living bacteria per gram of bacillus subtilis, a total water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrient of more than or equal to 10 percent and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the bacillus subtilis is 1 kg/mu, the dosage of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2 kg/mu, the dosage of the monoammonium phosphate is 4 kg/mu, and when the microbial agent fertilizer is applied, the bacillus subtilis, the total water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and then added with water for rooting.
Example 2
A method for controlling root rot of mountain-land edible peas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) dressing seeds with a medicament for 1 day before sowing, wherein after the liquid medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is uniformly distributed, placing the coated seeds in a ventilated and dried place, spreading out the air-dried seeds for later use, sowing the seeds with the liquid medicament within 24 hours, and no seed soaking treatment is needed before sowing;
the mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90;
The liquid medicine contains 2.5% of fludioxonil, 58% of metalaxyl-Mn-Zn and 25% of clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-Mn-Zn to clothianidin is 1:5.7:7.4;
step (2), planting high-ridge shallow sowing ditches:
the method comprises the steps of no-tillage weeding of a field for pre-harvest flue-cured tobacco or corn, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, increasing the height of the ridges to 40-42cm, and digging a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-4.3 cm and the width of 10cm-12cm in the middle of the ridges before sowing, uniformly spreading microbial agent organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizer in the planting ditch before sowing, uniformly mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil after the application, sowing again, covering soil for 2.2-3cm after sowing, watering for the first time, and keeping the soil moisture of the soil moisture surface;
The microbial agent organic fertilizer is formed by mixing refined organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, wherein the application amount of the refined organic fertilizer is 295 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 195 g/mu;
step (3), root watering is carried out on the microbial agent fertilizer in the seedling stage:
when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-12cm, root watering is carried out twice by using a microbial agent fertilizer, and the interval between the secondary root watering is 7 days;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises 100 hundred million bacillus living bacteria per gram of bacillus subtilis, a total water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrient of more than or equal to 10 percent and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the bacillus subtilis is 0.98 kg/mu, the dosage of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98 kg/mu, the dosage of the monoammonium phosphate is 3.95 kg/mu, and when the microbial agent fertilizer is applied, the bacillus subtilis, the total water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and then watered.
In the step (2), sowing is carried out in a drill sowing mode, 2.2-2.8cm of soil is covered after sowing, and if the corn is used before sowing, corn stalks are required to be used for topping at a height of 150cm after the corn is ripe.
In the step (2), the plant spacing is 3cm and the row spacing is 0.8m when the pre-crop is corn.
Example 3
A method for controlling root rot of mountain-land edible peas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) dressing seeds with a medicament for 1 day before sowing, wherein after the liquid medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is uniformly distributed, placing the coated seeds in a ventilated and dried place, spreading out the air-dried seeds for later use, sowing the seeds with the liquid medicament within 24 hours, and no seed soaking treatment is needed before sowing;
The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:110;
The liquid medicine contains 2.5% of fludioxonil, 58% of metalaxyl-Mn-Zn and 25% of clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-Mn-Zn to clothianidin is 1:6:7.6;
step (2), planting high-ridge shallow sowing ditches:
The method comprises the steps of no-tillage weeding of a field for pre-harvest flue-cured tobacco or corn, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, increasing the ridge height to 45-50cm, and digging a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4.5-5 cm and the width of 13-15 cm in the middle of the ridge before sowing, uniformly spreading microbial agent organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizer in the planting ditch before sowing, uniformly mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil after the application, sowing again, covering soil for 2.8-3.5cm after sowing, and fully watering for the first time, wherein the soil on the soil moisture surface is kept moist, and the pre-harvest flue-cured tobacco stems or corn stems are reserved as a support for the vines on peas;
The microbial agent organic fertilizer is formed by mixing a refined organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, wherein the application amount of the refined organic fertilizer is 305 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 205 g/mu;
step (3), root watering is carried out on the microbial agent fertilizer in the seedling stage:
When the seedlings grow to 13-15cm in plant height, root watering is carried out twice by using a microbial agent fertilizer, and the interval between the secondary root watering is 10 days;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises 100 hundred million bacillus living bacteria per gram of bacillus subtilis, a total water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrient of more than or equal to 10 percent and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the bacillus subtilis is 1.02 kg/mu, the dosage of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2.02 kg/mu, the dosage of the monoammonium phosphate is 4.05 kg/mu, and when the microbial agent fertilizer is applied, the bacillus subtilis, the total water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and then watered.
In the step (2), the mass percentage of organic matters in the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the mass percentage of total humic acid is 20%, the mass percentage of total nutrients is 5.2%, the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the bacillus subtilis is wettable powder, and each gram of bacillus subtilis contains 100 hundred million viable bacteria.
In the step (2), sowing is carried out in a drill sowing mode, soil is covered by 3-3.5cm after sowing, and if the corn is used as corn, corn stalks are required to be used for topping at the height of 150cm after the corn is ripe.
In the step (2), the plant spacing is 3cm and the row spacing is 1.0m during sowing.
Example 4
A method for controlling root rot of mountain-land edible peas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) dressing seeds with a medicament for 1 day before sowing, wherein after the liquid medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is uniformly distributed, placing the coated seeds in a ventilated and dried place, spreading out the air-dried seeds for later use, sowing the seeds with the liquid medicament within 24 hours, and no seed soaking treatment is needed before sowing;
The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100;
The liquid medicine contains 2.5% of fludioxonil, 58% of metalaxyl-Mn-Zn and 25% of clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-Mn-Zn to clothianidin is 1:5.8:7.5;
step (2), planting high-ridge shallow sowing ditches:
the method comprises the steps of no-tillage weeding by utilizing a field of flue-cured tobacco or corn which is planted before sowing, ditching and soil lifting to form a deep ditch high ridge, wherein the height of the ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of the ridge before sowing;
the microbial agent organic fertilizer is formed by mixing a refined organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, wherein the application amount of the refined organic fertilizer is 300 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 200 g/mu;
step (3), root watering is carried out on the microbial agent fertilizer in the seedling stage:
when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, root watering is carried out twice by using a microbial agent fertilizer, and the interval between the secondary root watering is 9 days;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises 100 hundred million bacillus living bacteria per gram of bacillus subtilis, a total water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrient of more than or equal to 10 percent and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the bacillus subtilis is 1 kg/mu, the dosage of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer is 2 kg/mu, the dosage of the monoammonium phosphate is 4 kg/mu, and when the microbial agent fertilizer is applied, the bacillus subtilis, the total water-soluble organic fertilizer and the monoammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and then added with water for rooting.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:100.
In the step (1), the liquid medicine is prepared according to 1kg, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% manganese zinc metalaxyl and 300g of 25% clothianidin are firstly taken to prepare 1 part of mother liquor, then a plurality of drops of rapeseed oil are added, water is added until the total weight is 1kg, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain the feed additive.
In the step (2), the mass percentage of organic matters in the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the mass percentage of total humic acid is 20%, the mass percentage of total nutrients is 5.2%, the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the bacillus subtilis is wettable powder, and each gram of bacillus subtilis contains 100 hundred million viable bacteria.
In the step (2), sowing is carried out in a drill sowing mode, 2.0-3.5cm of soil is covered after sowing, and if the corn is used before sowing, corn stalks are required to be used for topping at a height of 150cm after the corn is ripe.
In the step (2), the plant spacing is 3cm and the row spacing is 1.1m (the pre-crop is flue-cured tobacco) during sowing.
Application test 1
The test is conducted for test screening aiming at seed dressing agents and dosage, and the field control effect evaluation is conducted on the seedling stage of root rot of mountain-land edible peas. In the test, the procedure was the same as in example 4 of the present invention except that the contents of Table 1 were different.
1. Selecting high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh grain type pea variety, namely No. 18 cloud pea
2. The first step of preventing and treating root rot is to disinfect the seeds before sowing, and the test is to screen out the best seed dressing agent and dosage to treat the seeds, wherein the seed dressing agent is 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc and 25% thiamethoxam, and the three-factor three-level test is designed to 9 treatments, and the three-time repetition is carried out, and the cell area is 13.34m <2 >. And the control (ck) is provided as a bare seed, no medicament is mixed, and the secondary microbial agent fertilizer is applied only by watering the medicament in the seedling stage.
TABLE 1 mountain grain pea seed dressing treatment orthogonal test L9 (34) Table
3. The seed dressing method comprises the steps of preparing each medicament into mother liquor according to dosage within 1 day before sowing, adding water, stirring uniformly, uniformly stirring the medicament and the seeds according to the medicament seed ratio of 1:100 (namely, 1 part of medicament liquid corresponds to 100kg of seeds), and due to the fact that the surfaces of the pea seeds are smooth, a plurality of drops of rapeseed oil can be properly dropped when the medicament liquid is prepared, so that the medicament can be well adhered to the surfaces of the seeds, the special medicament liquid is uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the seeds, and the seeds are spread out and dried in the air for later use.
4. And (3) planting in a high-ridge shallow sowing ditch, namely, no-tillage removing weeds among ditches in a pre-planting flue-cured tobacco field, ditching and soil lifting to form a deep ditch high ridge, wherein the height of the ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of the ridge before applying base fertilizer and sowing.
5. The microbial agent organic fertilizer is added as the base fertilizer, wherein the refined organic fertilizer is evenly mixed according to the dosage of 300 kg/mu and the bacillus subtilis dosage of 200 g/mu, and each mu of the refined organic fertilizer is evenly spread in a planting ditch to serve as the base fertilizer, and after the base fertilizer is applied, the microbial agent organic fertilizer and ditch soil are evenly mixed by a strip hoe and then sowed. Seed dressing seeds are planted in the planting ditch in a row mode, the planting distance is 3cm, soil is covered by 2.2-3.5cm after sowing, first water is poured thoroughly, and soil moisture of the soil in the soil moisture surface is kept.
6. And (3) root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer for the second time in the seedling stage, wherein the root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer is carried out when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, and the interval time is 9 days. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding water to dilute 1500 times of liquid, wherein the dosage of 100 hundred million live bacillus per gram of bacillus subtilis is 1 kg/mu, the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 2 kg/mu of 10% of full water-soluble organic fertilizer, the monoammonium phosphate (NH 4H2PO4) is added with water according to the dosage of 4 kg/mu, the water consumption is 30kg per time according to the area of 13.34m 2 of a cell, 20g of 100 hundred million bacillus subtilis is used per cell, the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) is more than or equal to 80g of 10% of full water-soluble organic fertilizer, and 80g of monoammonium phosphate is added with water.
7. Observation, record and sampling test:
The method is characterized in that the method is carried out by observing and recording every three days 10 days before seedling emergence, then carrying out field observation and recording 1 time every 10 days, investigating 3m planting furrows at fixed points in each district, investigating seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf moss number and root rot in the seedling stage, and respectively counting the yield of fresh pods collected in each district.
Disease rate (%) = (number of disease plants +.total number of investigation plants) ×100;
disease index = { [ (1×1 grade disease number) + (2×2 grade disease number) + (3×3 grade disease number) + (4×4 grade disease number) ] -;
disease refers to control (%) = (control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index x 100.
8. The root rot of mountain pea is normal in growth and free of symptoms according to the 5-level standard, the root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area of the 1-level plant is less than or equal to 25%, the root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area of the 2-level plant is 25 percent (50 percent), the root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area of the 3-level plant is 50 percent (75 percent), and the root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area of the 4-level plant is more than 75 percent to the death of the whole plant.
9. The test results show that:
Seed dressing is not carried out or the dosage of the seed dressing agent is unreasonable, root rot of the pea seedlings starts to occur when 16 days of seedlings emerge, only 100kg of seeds are treated by the agent prepared from 400ml of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc and 300g of 25% clothianidin, and the drug effect can be sustained until 36 days of seedlings emerge. The experiment also shows that the seedling stage is the initial stage of root rot and the optimal period for preventing and curing, and the correctness of the preventing and curing time for root rot in the invention is fully verified. (see Table 2 for details)
When the seedling emerges for 36 days, under the condition that other cultivation measures are the same, direct bare seeds are used as a control without any treatment, the pesticide seed dressing has good control effect on root rot by matching with seedling-stage watering microbial inoculum fertilizer, and when the seed dressing pesticide composition is 100kg, the pesticide seed dressing treatment prepared from 400ml of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc and 300g of 25% clothianidin has the highest control effect on root rot, and the disease indication control effect is 88.57%. (see Table 3 for details, FIG. 1)
The yield of the seed dressing agent matched with the seedling stage secondary microbial agent fertilizer pouring treatment is increased by 56.25-484.68 kg/mu and 9.59-82.64% compared with the control without seed dressing treatment. When the seed dressing agent combination is 100kg seeds, the seed dressing treatment with the agent prepared from 400ml of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc and 300g of 25% clothianidin has the best control effect on root rot, the highest yield is 88.57%, 1071 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 484.68 kg/mu compared with the yield increased by 82.64% when the seed dressing treatment is not used and only the seedling stage is applied with the microbial inoculum fertilizer. (see Table 4 for details, FIG. 2)
Table 2 statistics of incidence (%) of root rot in seedling stage of medicament seed dressing test
Treatment of Seedling emergence for 16 days Seedling emergence for 26 days Seedling emergence for 36 days Seedling emergence for 46 days Seedling emergence for 56 days
1 5.73 9.63 9.63 22.96 26.30
2 4.48 5.56 5.56 16.67 16.67
3 1.58 2.60 2.60 10.74 18.15
4 0.80 2.59 2.97 12.23 12.60
5 2.00 3.33 3.33 18.52 21.85
6 0.00 0.37 3.33 15.19 15.19
7 0.00 0.00 1.48 8.52 11.85
8 0.00 3.33 14.07 16.30 25.56
9 1.32 2.59 4.07 12.59 20.74
ck 0.51 7.03 12.96 20.74 35.18
TABLE 3 control effect of 36 days of seedling emergence on root rot
Treatment of Incidence of disease% Index of disease condition Disease refers to prevention effect%
1 9.63 10.7 25.7
2 5.56 6.17 57.13
3 2.6 2.88 79.97
4 2.97 3.3 77.11
5 3.33 3.7 74.28
6 3.33 3.7 74.28
7 1.48 1.65 88.57
8 14.07 15.64 -8.6
9 4.07 4.52 68.59
ck 12.96 14.4 0
TABLE 4 fresh pod yield statistics
Note that in the table, the lower case letters represent 5% significant levels and the upper case letters represent 1% extremely significant levels.
Application test 2
The test provides a field test effect evaluation for preventing and controlling mountain land grain-eating pea root rot by applying microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dressing seed with medicament and applying secondary microbial agent fertilizer treatment in seedling stage on the basis of high-ridge shallow-sowing-ditch planting.
1. Selecting high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh grain type pea variety, namely No. 18 cloud pea
2. The test selects to apply the microbial agent organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer in two elevation areas, and adopts the preparation for seed dressing and the secondary microbial agent fertilizer treatment for seedling stage watering to evaluate the field control effect of the mountain edible grain pea root rot. The first point is a Zhonghai mountain pulling area point, a Yimen county, ten-street county, village, committee, hilly and sentry group Li Chaolong responsibility fields, an altitude of 1540m, flue-cured tobacco, shallow lac-silt, soil sticky weight, moderate fertility, sowing in 8 months and 26 days, and harvesting in 1 month and 9 days of the next year. The second point is the high altitude mountain area point, a red mud slope group of the Qingguo village Committee of the street in Huaning county, the altitude of which is 1970m, and the first crop of flue-cured tobacco, loam and fertility are selected, sowing is performed for 8 months and 10 days, and harvesting is performed for 3 months and 20 days in the next year.
3. Each point adopts a field comparison design, and three treatments are provided, namely, treatment 1, adding a microbial agent organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, treating seeds by seed dressing with a medicament, seed dressing with a secondary microbial agent fertilizer in a seedling stage, treatment 2, treating seeds by seed dressing with a medicament, seed dressing with a secondary microbial agent fertilizer in a seedling stage, and treatment 3, not treating the seeds, and seed dressing with a secondary microbial agent fertilizer in a seedling stage. 3 replicates per treatment cell area 100m 2. In the test, the procedure was the same as in example 4 of the present invention except that three treatments were different.
4. The seed dressing method comprises preparing each medicament into mother liquor according to dosage within 1 day before sowing, mixing with water, stirring uniformly, mixing the medicinal liquid with seeds according to the ratio of 1:90 (i.e. 1 part of medicinal liquid corresponds to 90kg of seeds), making the medicament uniformly adhere to the surfaces of the seeds, and air drying the water for later use.
5. The high-ridge shallow sowing ditch planting, namely, no-tillage removing weeds among ditches in a corn field, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, wherein the height of each ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of each ridge before applying base fertilizer and sowing. Corn stalks are topped off at a height of 150cm after corn ripening and serve as supports for the upper vines of peas.
6. Adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, mixing the refined organic fertilizer 300 kg/mu and bacillus subtilis 200 g/mu, spreading the mixture in planting ditch to obtain base fertilizer, mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil, and sowing. Seed dressing seeds are planted in the planting ditch in a row mode, the planting distance is 3cm, soil is covered by 2.2-3.5cm after sowing, first water is poured thoroughly, and soil moisture of the soil in the soil moisture surface is kept.
7. And (3) root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer for the second time in the seedling stage, wherein the root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer is carried out when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, and the interval time is 9 days. The preparation method comprises the steps of diluting 100 hundred million live bacillus per gram of bacillus subtilis with water to 1000 times of liquid, adding water to the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) which is more than or equal to 2 kg/mu of 10% of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer, and adding water to the monoammonium phosphate (NH 4H2PO4) according to the consumption of 4 kg/mu according to the area of a cell.
8. Observation, record and sampling test:
The method is characterized in that the method is carried out by observing and recording every three days 10 days before seedling emergence, then carrying out field observation and recording 1 time every 10 days, investigating 3m planting furrows at fixed points in each district, investigating seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf moss number and root rot in the seedling stage, and respectively counting the yield of fresh pods collected in each district.
Disease rate (%) = (number of disease plants +.total number of investigation plants) ×100;
disease index = { [ (1×1 grade disease number) + (2×2 grade disease number) + (3×3 grade disease number) + (4×4 grade disease number) ] -;
disease refers to control (%) = (control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index x 100.
9. The disease degree of mountain grain pea root rot is 5-level standard, 0-level plant is normal in growth, no disease exists, 1-level plant root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area is less than or equal to 25%, 2-level plant root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area accounts for 25%,50%, 3-level plant root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area accounts for 50%,75%, 4-level plant root discoloration, leaf yellowing or withering area accounts for >75% to whole plant death.
10. The test results show that:
On the basis of adopting high-ridge shallow sowing ditch planting, the microbial agent organic fertilizer is additionally applied as the base fertilizer, the pesticide seed dressing and the seedling stage watering are carried out for secondary microbial agent fertilizer treatment, the control effect on the root rot of the grain-fed peas in the high-altitude mountain area is very good and can reach 88% at most, the control effect in the Zhonghai mountain area is 68.56%, the control effect is better than that of the pesticide seed dressing and the seedling stage watering are carried out for secondary microbial agent fertilizer treatment, and particularly in the 1970m high-altitude mountain area, the control effect of the microbial agent organic fertilizer serving as the base fertilizer is increased and is 23.94% higher than that of the pesticide seed dressing and the seedling stage watering are carried out for 2 times. (see Table 6 for details)
The microbial agent organic fertilizer is added as the base fertilizer, the chemical seed dressing and the seedling stage secondary microbial agent fertilizer are applied, and the yield is increased by 27.62 percent and 57.41 percent in Zhonghai mountain areas and 29.70 percent and 71.50 percent in high-altitude mountain areas compared with the chemical seed dressing and the seedling stage secondary microbial agent fertilizer treatment without seed dressing. (see Table 7 and 8 for details)
Table 6 control effect of applying microorganism bacterium organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and adding microorganism bacterium fertilizer in seed dressing and seedling stage to treat root rot in mature stage
Table 7 analysis of variance of yield in the plot of seed dressing at elevation point with agent and seed dressing with bacterial manure applied at seedling stage
TABLE 8 yield analysis of variance of edible particle pea plot with different amounts and ratios of organic fertilizer at high altitude point
Application test 3
The test provides a planting density screening test based on the cultivation measures of planting in high-ridge shallow sowing ditches, adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dressing seed with medicament and watering secondary microbial agent fertilizer in seedling stage to prevent and cure mountain land grain-eating peas root rot.
1. Selecting high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh grain type pea variety, namely No. 18 cloud pea
2. The test is carried out on 3 different altitude test points from 8 months in 2019 to 3 months in 2020, and is carried out on a mountain country, a ten-street rural village, a Commission mountain sence, li Chaolong farmer responsibility field (E1) at an altitude of 1545m, a mountain country, a sea mouth, a sea country, an altitude of 1770m, a Ma Cun group of blue Hong Zeren fields (E2) at an altitude of 390 m, a Huaning, a street, a fruit village, a Commission red mud slope group dam, and a forest responsibility field (E3) at an altitude of 1970 m. The tobacco, loam and soil fertility are all used before the block. The test points at the altitude 1545m are sown on the 29 th day of 8 months, the harvest is finished on the 5 th day of 1 month of the next year, the test points at the altitude 1770m are sown on the 29 th day of 9 months, the harvest is finished on the 14 th day of 3 months of the next year, the test points at the altitude 1970m are sown on the 10 th day of 8 months, and the harvest is finished on the 25 th day of 12 months of the current year.
3. Each point test adopts a single-factor random granule design, is repeated for 3 times, takes 0.3 ten thousand plants/mu as a planting density step according to the difference, and sets 7 planting density treatments from 1.6 ten thousand to 3.4 ten thousand plants/mu, namely 1.6 ten thousand, 1.9 ten thousand, 2.2 ten thousand, 2.5 ten thousand, 2.8 ten thousand, 3.1 ten thousand and 3.4 ten thousand plants/mu respectively. The area per cell is 13.34m 2, the row spacing is 110cm, and the 7 treatment plant spacing is 3.8, 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, 2.2, 2.0 and 1.8cm respectively.
4. In the test, the procedure was the same as in example 4 except that the treatment content of the planting density was different.
5. The seed dressing method comprises preparing each medicament into mother liquor according to dosage within 1 day before sowing, mixing with water, stirring uniformly, mixing the medicinal liquid with seeds according to the ratio of 1:110 (i.e. 1 part of medicinal liquid corresponds to 110kg of seeds), making the medicament adhere to the surfaces of the seeds uniformly, and air drying the water for later use.
6. The high-ridge shallow sowing ditch planting, namely, no-tillage removing weeds among ditches in a corn field, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, wherein the height of each ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of each ridge before applying base fertilizer and sowing. Corn stalks are topped off at a height of 150cm after corn ripening and serve as supports for the upper vines of peas.
7. Adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, mixing the refined organic fertilizer 300 kg/mu and bacillus subtilis 200 g/mu, spreading the mixture in planting ditch to obtain base fertilizer, mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil, and sowing. Seed dressing seeds are planted in the planting ditch in a row mode, the planting distance is 3cm, soil is covered by 2.2-3.5cm after sowing, first water is poured thoroughly, and soil moisture of the soil in the soil moisture surface is kept.
8. And (3) root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer for the second time in the seedling stage, wherein the root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer is carried out when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, and the interval time is 9 days. The preparation method comprises the steps of diluting 100 hundred million live bacillus per gram of bacillus subtilis with water to 1000 times of liquid, adding water to the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) which is more than or equal to 2 kg/mu of 10% of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer, and adding water to the monoammonium phosphate (NH 4H2PO4) according to the consumption of 4 kg/mu according to the area of a cell.
9. Observing, recording and sampling, namely, observing and recording once every three days 10 days before emergence, observing and recording 1 time every 10 days later in the field, investigating 3m planting furrows at fixed points in each district, investigating seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf moss number and root rot, and respectively counting the yield of fresh pods harvested in each district.
10. The test results show that:
On the basis of adopting high-ridge shallow-sowing ditch planting, adding microbial inoculum organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dressing seed with the pesticide and applying secondary microbial inoculum fertilizer in seedling stage, carrying out the treatment of taking 0.3 ten thousand plants per mu as a planting density step according to the difference number at 3 different altitude test points, obtaining that the pea yield increases along with the elevation under the same planting density from 7 planting density treatments of 1.6 ten thousand-3.4 ten thousand plants per mu, the difference between the elevation 1545m test point yield and the elevation 1970m test point yield reaches a remarkable level, and the yield difference reaches 401.47kg per mu under the planting density of 2.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and the yield is increased by 98.72%.
The range of planting densities for keeping the yields of 3 test points with different altitudes relatively stable is 2.2-2.8 ten thousand plants/mu, the optimal planting density of test points with the altitude of 1545m is 2.8 ten thousand plants/mu, the optimal planting density of test points with the altitude of 1770m is 2.2 ten thousand plants/mu, and the optimal planting density of test points with the altitude of 1970m is 2.5 ten thousand plants/mu. (see Table 9 and FIG. 3 for details)
Table 93 statistical analysis of variance of actual yield of different plant densities at altitude points
Planting density/(ten thousand plants/mu) E1/(kg/mu) E2/(kg/mu) E3/(kg/mu)
1.6 378aA 370.67bB 627.19bA
1.9 398.5aA 379bB 653.2abA
2.2 383aA 461.79aA 734.67abA
2.5 406.67aA 450.3aAB 808.14aA
2.8 420aA 451.63aA 711.15abA
3.1 389.17aA 380.83bAB 538.25bA
3.4 331.5aA 365bB 559.75bA
Note that the same column of the table shows significant differences in lower case english letters at 0.05 and the upper case letters show significant differences at 0.01.
Application test 4
The test provides a disease-controlling high-efficiency cultivation measure which adopts high-ridge shallow-sowing-ditch planting, and additionally-applied microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, adopts medicament seed dressing and secondary microbial agent fertilizer pouring in seedling stage, and performs a same-field comparison test with the conventional cultivation technology.
1. Selecting high-quality powdery mildew-resistant fresh grain type pea variety, namely No. 18 cloud pea
2. The test is carried out on 3 altitude test points with different ecological conditions, test point 1 (E1), the Yimen county ten-street village and old our village commission tile village with the altitude of 1572m, flue-cured tobacco, light purple clay gravel area, soil viscosity and weight and moderate fertility, test point 2 (E2), the Chengjiang county sea opening and sea opening village commission five groups with the altitude of 1758m, corn pre-made, good, standard and smooth land fertility water conditions, test point 3 (E3), the Hua Ning county street tea village commission climbing mountain group with the altitude of 1900m, flue-cured tobacco pre-made, and soil fertility tested.
3. The test adopts a field comparison design, three times of repetition are set, 2 treatments are carried out, and each treatment area is not less than 100m 2;
The efficient cultivation technology for preventing and controlling diseases in treatment 1 includes dressing seed with medicine, planting in shallow sowing ditch, applying microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, watering root with microbial fertilizer, and using yellow plate green cultivation technology in early flowering stage. Precision sowing is carried out, the width of the soil moisture surface is 60cm, the row spacing is 110cm, the plant spacing is 2.3cm, and the planting density is 2.6 ten thousand plants/mu.
The conventional cultivation technology for treating 2 is that bare seeds are treated, conventional chemical fertilizers and the application amount (100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are applied four times; 40 kg/mu of urea is applied three times), the conventional disease treatment cultivation technology is used (50% thiram is applied three times in a seedling stage, 75 g/mu is used, 1-2 times 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc is applied in a flowering stage, 60 g/mu is used), the conventional sowing amount is 8 kg/mu, the soil moisture surface is 60cm wide, each soil moisture seed is single-row, the row spacing is 110cm, the spacing is 1.7cm, and the planting density is 3.5 ten thousand plants/mu.
4. The seed dressing method comprises preparing each medicament into mother liquor according to dosage within 1 day before sowing, mixing with water, stirring uniformly, mixing the medicinal liquid with seeds according to the ratio of 1:100 (i.e. 1 part of medicinal liquid corresponds to 100kg of seeds), making the medicament uniformly adhere to the surfaces of the seeds, and air drying the water for later use.
5. The high-ridge shallow sowing ditch planting, namely, no-tillage removing weeds among ditches in a corn field, ditching and soil lifting to form deep ditches and high ridges, wherein the height of each ridge is increased to 40-50cm, and a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 4-5 cm and the width of 10-15 cm is formed in the center of each ridge before applying base fertilizer and sowing. Corn stalks are topped off at a height of 150cm after corn ripening and serve as supports for the upper vines of peas.
6. Adding microbial agent organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, mixing the refined organic fertilizer 300 kg/mu and bacillus subtilis 200 g/mu, spreading the mixture in planting ditch to obtain base fertilizer, mixing the microbial agent organic fertilizer with ditch soil, and sowing. Seed dressing seeds are planted in the planting ditch in a row mode, the planting distance is 3cm, soil is covered by 2.2-3.5cm after sowing, first water is poured thoroughly, and soil moisture of the soil in the soil moisture surface is kept.
7. And (3) root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer for the second time in the seedling stage, wherein the root watering with the microbial agent fertilizer is carried out when the seedlings grow to the plant height of 10-15cm, and the interval time is 9 days. The preparation method comprises the steps of diluting 100 hundred million live bacillus per gram of bacillus subtilis with water to 1000 times of liquid, adding water to the total nutrient (N+P 2O5+K2 O) which is more than or equal to 2 kg/mu of 10% of the total water-soluble organic fertilizer, and adding water to the monoammonium phosphate (NH 4H2PO4) according to the consumption of 4 kg/mu according to the area of a cell.
8. Investigation content, namely investigation of disease occurrence conditions and cell yield in the growth period and the maturity period.
9. The test results show that:
According to the occurrence condition of root rot in the mature period of three test points, the disease-control efficient cultivation has good root rot control effect, wherein the control effect is highest at a 1900m high-altitude point, is 85.29%, the control effect is 77.42% at a 1758m altitude test point, and the control effect is 40% at a 1572m altitude test point. (see Table 10 for details)
The yield is increased along with elevation, the disease control high-efficiency cultivation treatment has the yield increasing effect on three test points, has a certain relation with the disease control effect increase, and has the highest yield of 1900m high-elevation test points, 466.9 kg/mu, then 1758m elevation test points, 445.7 kg/mu, and the third 1572m elevation test points, 201.1 kg/mu (see Table 11 for details). The comparison is shown in fig. 4.
Table 10 occurrence of three test points for mature root rot
TABLE 11 three test point yield statistics
The principle and implementation method of the invention are specifically explained in the four experiments, and meanwhile, the method and implementation of the invention have good prevention and control effects on the root rot of fresh grain peas, particularly good prevention and control effects and yield increasing effects in a high-altitude mountain area of 1900m, and the accuracy of the prevention and control time and measures of the root rot in the invention is fully verified. Due to the limited expression, structural defects exist objectively. Several modifications may be made according to the specific circumstances without departing from the principles of the present invention.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1.一种防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. A method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 步骤（1），药剂拌种：播种前1天，采用药液进行拌种，待种子表面药液分布均匀后，将包好衣的种子放置通风干燥的地方铺开晾干水分后备用；用药液拌种的种子须在24小时内播种，且播种前不需再浸种处理；Step (1), seed dressing with a medicament: 1 day before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament solution. After the medicament solution is evenly distributed on the surface of the seeds, the wrapped seeds are placed in a ventilated and dry place, spread out to dry the moisture and then set aside. The seeds dressed with the medicament solution must be sown within 24 hours, and no soaking treatment is required before sowing. 所述的药液与种子的质量比为1：90-110；The mass ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1:90-110; 所述的药液中含有2.5%咯菌腈、58%甲霜锰锌和25%噻虫胺，其中，咯菌腈、甲霜锰锌与噻虫胺的质量比为1：5.7-6：7.4-7.6；The liquid medicine contains 2.5% fludioxonil, 58% mancozeb and 25% clothianidin, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil, mancozeb to clothianidin is 1:5.7-6:7.4-7.6; 步骤（2），高垄浅播种沟种植：Step (2), high ridge and shallow furrow planting: 利用前作烤烟或玉米的田块免耕除草，之后开沟提土形成深沟高垄，垄高增加至40-50cm，播种前在垄中央开一条4cm-5cm深、10cm-15cm宽的浅种植沟；播种前，在种植沟内均匀撒施微生物菌剂有机肥作为底肥，施入后将微生物菌剂有机肥与沟土拌匀后再播种；播种后覆土2.2-3.5cm，浇透第一次水，并保持墒面土壤湿润即可；前作烤烟杆或玉米杆均需连根保留，作为豌豆上蔓的支架；Use the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn to carry out no-till weeding, then dig trenches and raise soil to form deep trenches and high ridges, and increase the ridge height to 40-50cm. Before sowing, dig a shallow planting trench with a depth of 4cm-5cm and a width of 10cm-15cm in the center of the ridge; before sowing, evenly spread microbial agents and organic fertilizers in the planting trench as base fertilizers, and mix the microbial agents and organic fertilizers with the trench soil before sowing; after sowing, cover the soil with 2.2-3.5cm, irrigate thoroughly for the first time, and keep the soil on the surface moist; the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco or corn stalks must be retained with roots as supports for pea vines; 所述的微生物菌剂有机肥采用精制有机肥和枯草芽孢杆菌混合而成；精制有机肥的施用量为295-305kg/亩，枯草芽孢杆菌的施用量195-205g/亩；The microbial agent organic fertilizer is a mixture of refined organic fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis; the application amount of refined organic fertilizer is 295-305kg/mu, and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 195-205g/mu; 步骤（3），苗期微生物菌剂肥浇根：Step (3), watering the roots with microbial fertilizer at the seedling stage: 当幼苗生长至株高10-15cm时，用微生物菌剂肥浇根二次进行苗期处理；二次浇根间隔时间7-10天；When the seedlings grow to a height of 10-15 cm, use microbial fertilizer to water the roots twice for seedling treatment; the interval between the second watering is 7-10 days; 所述的微生物菌剂肥包括100亿芽孢活菌数/克的枯草芽孢杆菌、总养分≥10%的全水溶性有机肥和磷酸一铵；其中，枯草芽孢杆菌的用量为0.98-1.02kg/亩；全水溶有机肥用量为1.98-2.02kg/亩；磷酸一铵用量为3.95-4.05kg/亩；施用时，枯草芽孢杆菌、全水溶有机肥和磷酸一铵混匀后兑水浇根；The microbial fertilizer comprises Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion spore viable bacteria/gram, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer with total nutrients ≥10%, and monoammonium phosphate; wherein the amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.98-1.02kg/mu; the amount of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer is 1.98-2.02kg/mu; the amount of monoammonium phosphate is 3.95-4.05kg/mu; when applying, the Bacillus subtilis, fully water-soluble organic fertilizer and monoammonium phosphate are mixed and then watered to the roots; 全水溶有机肥中，有机质质量分数≥60%，腐殖酸含量≥30%，总养分N+P2O5+K2O≥10%；In fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, the mass fraction of organic matter is ≥60%, the content of humic acid is ≥30%, and the total nutrients N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is ≥10%; 步骤（3）中，枯草芽孢杆菌兑水稀释1200-1500倍液后浇施。In step (3), Bacillus subtilis is diluted 1200-1500 times with water and then applied. 2.根据权利要求1所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，所述的药液与种子的质量比为1：100。2. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the mass ratio of the drug solution to the seeds is 1:100. 3.根据权利要求1所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，所述的药液按1kg计，配制方法如下：3. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the drug solution is calculated as 1 kg and the preparation method is as follows: 先取400g 2.5%咯菌腈、100g 58%甲霜锰锌、300g 25%噻虫胺配制成1份量的母液，然后加上数滴菜籽油，并加入水至总重量为1kg，搅拌混匀即得。First, prepare 1 portion of mother liquor by taking 400g of 2.5% fludioxonil, 100g of 58% mancozeb metalaxyl, and 300g of 25% clothianidin, then add a few drops of rapeseed oil and water to a total weight of 1kg, and stir to mix. 4.根据权利要求1所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，其中，所述的精制有机肥中有机质质量百分含量为54%，总腐殖酸质量百分含量为20%，总养分质量百分含量为5.2%；所述的总养分为氮、五氧化二磷和氧化钾；所述的枯草芽孢杆菌为可湿性粉剂，每克含有100亿芽孢活菌数。4. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain pea according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the organic matter mass percentage of the refined organic fertilizer is 54%, the total humic acid mass percentage is 20%, and the total nutrient mass percentage is 5.2%; the total nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; and the Bacillus subtilis is a wettable powder containing 10 billion viable spores per gram. 5.根据权利要求1所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，采用条播的方式进行播种；播种后覆土2.0-3.5cm；若前作为玉米，则需将玉米杆在玉米成熟后于150cm高处去顶留用。5. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the seeds are sown in rows; after sowing, the soil is covered with 2.0-3.5 cm of soil; if corn is used as corn, the corn stalks need to be topped at a height of 150 cm after the corn matures and retained. 6.根据权利要求1所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，播种时，株距3cm；行距为0.8m-1.1m。6. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (2), during sowing, the plant spacing is 3 cm; the row spacing is 0.8 m-1.1 m. 7.根据权利要求6所述的防治山地食粒豌豆根腐病的方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，前作作物为烤烟时，行距为1.1m，前作作物为玉米时，行距为0.8m。7. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of mountain peas according to claim 6, characterized in that in step (2), when the previous crop is flue-cured tobacco, the row spacing is 1.1 m, and when the previous crop is corn, the row spacing is 0.8 m.
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