CN116068733A - Refractive-reflective medium-wavelength focal lens - Google Patents
Refractive-reflective medium-wavelength focal lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN116068733A CN116068733A CN202211619107.5A CN202211619107A CN116068733A CN 116068733 A CN116068733 A CN 116068733A CN 202211619107 A CN202211619107 A CN 202211619107A CN 116068733 A CN116068733 A CN 116068733A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0808—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refraction and reflection type medium-wavelength focal lens, wherein an optical system of the lens consists of a reflecting mirror group A and an imaging mirror group B, the reflecting mirror group A consists of a plano-concave main mirror A1 and a plano-convex secondary mirror A2, a central through hole is formed in the middle of the plano-concave main mirror A1, the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the central through hole are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the plano-concave main mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 are made of quartz glass; the imaging lens group B consists of a positive meniscus lens B1, a positive meniscus lens B2, a positive meniscus lens B3, a negative meniscus lens B4, a positive meniscus lens B5, a positive meniscus lens B6, a negative biconcave lens B7 and a positive biconvex lens B8, and the imaging lens group B is made of conventional infrared materials. The lens has the characteristics of compact, short, stable and reliable structure, low cost and the like, and is suitable for the fields of forward-looking infrared systems loaded on various aircrafts or missiles and the like.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a catadioptric medium-wavelength focal lens.
The background technology is as follows:
along with the wide application of thermal infrared imagers in the military and civil fields, special requirements are put forward on the volume and quality of the thermal imagers in certain special application occasions, for example, the requirements of small structural size, light system weight and the like of a front-view infrared system loaded on various aircrafts or missiles are required to be met. Because the monitoring distance of the airborne infrared thermal imaging system on the military is long, the focal length of the required system is longer, and the conventional transmission type structure can lead to the longer system length and the large volume, so that the requirement of a use scene can not be met. Therefore, it is important to design an infrared optical system with compact structure, light weight and simple adjustment.
For infrared searching and tracking systems of various aircrafts or missiles and the like, with the gradual rise of the flying height, the environmental conditions of the thermal imager and the ground are greatly different, and particularly, the influence of temperature change on the imaging quality of the thermal infrared imager is obvious. Since the refractive index of the infrared material varies significantly with temperature, the thickness of the optical element, the air gap between the elements, and the surface profile of each element also vary.
Athermalization techniques for optical systems can generally be divided into 3 general categories: mechanical passive athermalization techniques, electromechanical active athermalization techniques, and optical passive athermalization techniques. Compared with the other two athermalization compensation technologies, the optical passive athermalization technology has the advantages of relatively simple structure, stability, reliability and the like, and can meet the requirements of infrared searching and tracking systems of various aircrafts or missiles and the like.
For a refrigeration type medium wave infrared system with a transmission type super-long focal length, the first sheet material is usually silicon, for a system with a focal length of more than 1m, in order to meet 100% cold light stop efficiency, the exit pupil of an optical system is required to be matched with the cold light stop of a detector, a secondary imaging structure is adopted, the radial dimension of the first sheet of the system is more than 300mm, and the manufacturing of the silicon material with the large caliber or the surface type processing is a difficult problem.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims at improving the problems in the prior art, namely the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a refraction-reflection type medium-wavelength focal lens which is compact, short, stable and reliable in structure and easy to process and adjust.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the refraction-reflection type medium-wavelength focal lens is matched with a medium-wave infrared detector, an optical system of the lens consists of a reflecting mirror group A and an imaging mirror group B, the reflecting mirror group A consists of a plano-concave main mirror A1 and a plano-convex secondary mirror A2 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, a central through hole is formed in the middle of the plano-concave main mirror A1, the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the central through hole are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the plano-concave main mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 are made of quartz glass; the imaging lens group B consists of a meniscus positive lens B1, a meniscus positive lens B2, a meniscus positive lens B3, a meniscus negative lens B4, a meniscus positive lens B5, a meniscus positive lens B6, a biconcave negative lens B7 and a biconvex positive lens B8 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, wherein the material of the meniscus positive lens B1 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B2 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B3 is chalcogenide glass, the material of the meniscus negative lens B4 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B5 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B6 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the biconcave negative lens B7 is germanium monocrystal, and the material of the biconvex positive lens B8 is silicon monocrystal.
Further, the concave surface of the plano-concave main mirror A1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 faces the image surface; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B2 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B3 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus negative lens B4 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B5 faces the object plane; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B6 faces the object plane.
Further, the air space between the plano-concave primary mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 is 133.31mm, the air space between the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the meniscus positive lens B1 is 188.54mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B1 and the meniscus positive lens B2 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B2 and the meniscus positive lens B3 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B3 and the meniscus negative lens B4 is 1.34mm, the air space between the meniscus negative lens B4 and the meniscus positive lens B5 is 21.60mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B5 and the meniscus positive lens B6 is 15.27mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B6 and the biconcave negative lens B7 is 1.95mm, and the air space between the biconcave negative lens B7 and the biconvex positive lens B8 is 1.14mm.
Further, the optical system satisfies: -1< f1/f <2; -1< f2/f <2; -1< f3/f <2; -1< f4/f <2; -1< f5/f <2; -1< f6/f <2; -1< f7/f <2; -1< f8/f <2; wherein f is the focal length of the optical system, and f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, and f8 are the focal lengths of the positive meniscus lens B1, the positive meniscus lens B2, the positive meniscus lens B3, the negative meniscus lens B4, the positive meniscus lens B5, the positive meniscus lens B6, the negative biconcave lens B7, and the positive biconvex lens B8, respectively.
Further, the object side of the plano-concave primary mirror A1, the image side of the plano-convex secondary mirror A2, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B1, the object side of the meniscus positive lens B2, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B3, the image side of the meniscus negative lens B4, the object side of the meniscus positive lens B5, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B6, the image side of the biconcave negative lens B7, and the object side of the biconvex positive lens B8 are even aspheric surfaces.
Further, a parallel plate is included, which is located between the biconvex positive lens B8 and the IMA.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
(1) The optical system is matched with a large target surface medium wave infrared detector, the focal length is larger than 1m, and an ultra-long-distance target can be searched and tracked;
(2) The refraction and reflection type structure is adopted, the main mirror and the secondary mirror of the reflecting mirror group are made of quartz glass, the transmission mirror group is made of conventional infrared materials, the manufacturability of optical elements of the whole system is good, the aperture of an imaging part lens is small, the processing is easy, and the cost is low;
(3) The optical system adopts a secondary imaging structure form, so that the overall radial dimension of the optical system is effectively compressed, and the miniaturization of the optical system is realized;
(4) The lens adopts an optical athermalization technology to realize temperature compensation of the system in different environments, ensures that the infrared searching and tracking system still keeps the imaging performance unchanged in the environments with different flying heights, and has the characteristics of compact, short, stable, reliable and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of MTF function values for an embodiment of the present invention in a normal temperature environment;
FIG. 3 is a graph of MTF function values for an embodiment of the present invention in a low temperature environment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of MTF function values for an embodiment of the present invention in a high temperature environment;
fig. 5 is a spherical aberration curve of an embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to ensure that the infrared searching and tracking systems of various aircrafts or missiles and the like still keep the imaging performance unchanged under the environments of different flying heights and meet the requirements of small volume and light weight, the invention provides a refraction and reflection type medium-wavelength focal lens, wherein an optical system of the lens consists of a reflecting mirror group A and an imaging mirror group B, the reflecting mirror group A consists of a plano-concave main mirror A1 and a plano-convex secondary mirror A2 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, the middle part of the plano-concave main mirror A1 is provided with a central through hole, the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the central through hole are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the plano-concave main mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 are made of quartz glass; the imaging lens group B consists of a meniscus positive lens B1, a meniscus positive lens B2, a meniscus positive lens B3, a meniscus negative lens B4, a meniscus positive lens B5, a meniscus positive lens B6, a biconcave negative lens B7 and a biconvex positive lens B8 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, wherein the material of the meniscus positive lens B1 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B2 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B3 is chalcogenide glass, the material of the meniscus negative lens B4 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B5 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B6 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the biconcave negative lens B7 is germanium monocrystal, and the material of the biconvex positive lens B8 is silicon monocrystal.
In this embodiment, the concave surface of the plano-concave primary mirror A1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 faces the image surface; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B2 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B3 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus negative lens B4 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B5 faces the object plane; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B6 faces the object plane.
In the embodiment, the lens is matched with the large target surface medium wave infrared detector, the focal length is larger than 1m, and the ultra-long-distance target can be searched and tracked.
In this embodiment, the air space between the plano-concave primary mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 is 133.31mm, the air space between the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the meniscus positive lens B1 is 188.54mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B1 and the meniscus positive lens B2 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B2 and the meniscus positive lens B3 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B3 and the meniscus negative lens B4 is 1.34mm, the air space between the meniscus negative lens B4 and the meniscus positive lens B5 is 21.60mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B5 and the meniscus positive lens B6 is 15.27mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B6 and the biconcave negative lens B7 is 1.95mm, and the air space between the biconcave positive lens B7 and the biconcave positive lens B8 is 1.14mm.
In this embodiment, the optical system satisfies: -1< f1/f <2; -1< f2/f <2; -1< f3/f <2; -1< f4/f <2; -1< f5/f <2; -1< f6/f <2; -1< f7/f <2; -1< f8/f <2; wherein f is the focal length of the optical system, and f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, and f8 are the focal lengths of the positive meniscus lens B1, the positive meniscus lens B2, the positive meniscus lens B3, the negative meniscus lens B4, the positive meniscus lens B5, the positive meniscus lens B6, the negative biconcave lens B7, and the positive biconvex lens B8, respectively.
In this embodiment, the object side surface of the plano-concave primary lens A1, the image side surface of the plano-convex secondary lens A2, the image side surface of the meniscus positive lens B1, the object side surface of the meniscus positive lens B2, the image side surface of the meniscus positive lens B3, the image side surface of the meniscus negative lens B4, the object side surface of the meniscus positive lens B5, the image side surface of the meniscus positive lens B6, the image side surface of the biconcave negative lens B7, and the object side surface of the biconvex positive lens B8 are even-order aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric expressions are:
wherein Z represents the position in the optical axis direction, r represents the height in the vertical direction with respect to the optical axis, c represents the radius of curvature, k represents the conic coefficient,
representing aspherical coefficients. In the aspherical data, E-n represents
For example 1.719E-05 represents +.>
.719×10 -5 。
In this embodiment, a parallel plate is also included, which is located between the biconvex positive lens B8 and the IMA.
The data of the following table will illustrate the optical parameters of the embodiments of the present invention.
Table one: optical element parameter meter
| Surface serial number | Radius of curvature (mm) | Interval (mm) | Refractive index | Material | Remarks |
| S2 | -332.94 | -133.31 | 1.46 | Quartz glass | Aspherical surface |
| S3 | -76.91 | 188.54 | 1.46 | Quartz glass | Aspherical surface |
| S4 | -183.48 | 3.74 | 4.0 | Germanium (Ge) | |
| S5 | -112.93 | 0.65 | Aspherical surface | ||
| S6 | 36.44 | 4.50 | 3.4 | Silicon (Si) | Aspherical surface |
| S7 | 81.61 | 0.65 | |||
| S8 | 30.06 | 4.61 | 2.79 | IRG206 | |
| S9 | 76.73 | 1.34 | Aspherical surface | ||
| S10 | 98.53 | 2.73 | 4.0 | Germanium (Ge) | |
| S11 | 13.86 | 21.60 | Aspherical surface | ||
| S12 | 30.33 | 3.84 | 3.4 | Silicon (Si) | Aspherical surface |
| S13 | 48.90 | 15.27 | |||
| S14 | -81.39 | 4.75 | 3.4 | Silicon (Si) | |
| S15 | -25.96 | 1.95 | Aspherical surface | ||
| S16 | -89.43 | 2.5 | 4.0 | Germanium (Ge) | |
| S17 | 46.67 | 1.14 | Aspherical surface | ||
| S18 | 55.25 | 3.99 | 3.4 | Silicon (Si) | Aspherical surface |
| S19 | -57.18 | 7.72 | |||
| S20 | INFINITY | 1.5 | 3.4 | Silicon (Si) | |
| S21 | INFINITY | 2.62 | |||
| S22 | INFINITY | 0.4 | 4.0 | Germanium (Ge) | |
| S23 | INFINITY | 0.25 | |||
| S24 | INFINITY | 25.7 |
And (II) table: aspheric related data
By the lens parameters, the specific performance parameters of the optical structure are as follows:
(1) Working spectral range: 3.7um to 4.8um;
(2) F number: 4.0;
(3) Adapting the detector: 1280×1024@12um;
(4) Horizontal angle of view: less than or equal to 0.9 degrees;
(5) Total optical length: and is less than or equal to 300mm.
The invention adopts a catadioptric secondary imaging structure, the main mirror and the secondary mirror of the reflecting mirror group are both made of quartz glass, the lenses of the transmission mirror group are both made of conventional infrared materials, and the aperture of the imaging part is small and easy to process. In the design optimization process, the focal power of each lens is reasonably distributed and the even aspherical surface is combined to balance the aberration of the system, so that the whole volume of the optical system is small enough. The sensitivity of each optical piece is reduced through the adjustment of curvature and thickness, so that the lens is easier to process and adjust. The lens has the characteristics of compact, short, stable and reliable structure, low cost and the like, and is suitable for the fields of forward-looking infrared systems loaded on various aircrafts or missiles and the like.
If the invention discloses or relates to components or structures fixedly connected with each other, then unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection is understood as: detachably fixed connection (e.g. using bolts or screws) can also be understood as: the non-detachable fixed connection (e.g. riveting, welding), of course, the mutual fixed connection may also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g. integrally formed using a casting process) (except for obviously being unable to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure to express positional relationship or shape have meanings including a state or shape similar to, similar to or approaching thereto unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components, or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a reflection-type medium wavelength focal lens, the wave infrared detector in the lens matching, its characterized in that: the optical system of the lens consists of a reflecting mirror group A and an imaging mirror group B, wherein the reflecting mirror group A consists of a plano-concave main mirror A1 and a plano-convex secondary mirror A2 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, a central through hole is formed in the middle of the plano-concave main mirror A1, the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 and the central through hole are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the plano-concave main mirror A1 and the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 are made of quartz glass; the imaging lens group B consists of a meniscus positive lens B1, a meniscus positive lens B2, a meniscus positive lens B3, a meniscus negative lens B4, a meniscus positive lens B5, a meniscus positive lens B6, a biconcave negative lens B7 and a biconvex positive lens B8 which are sequentially arranged from an object surface to an image surface, wherein the material of the meniscus positive lens B1 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B2 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B3 is chalcogenide glass, the material of the meniscus negative lens B4 is germanium monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B5 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the meniscus positive lens B6 is silicon monocrystal, the material of the biconcave negative lens B7 is germanium monocrystal, and the material of the biconvex positive lens B8 is silicon monocrystal.
2. The catadioptric mid-wavelength focal lens of claim 1, wherein: the concave surface of the plano-concave main mirror A1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the plano-convex secondary mirror A2 faces the image surface; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B1 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B2 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B3 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus negative lens B4 faces the object plane; the convex surface of the meniscus positive lens B5 faces the object plane; the concave surface of the meniscus positive lens B6 faces the object plane.
3. The catadioptric mid-wavelength focal lens of claim 1, wherein: the air space between the plano-concave primary lens A1 and the plano-convex secondary lens A2 is 133.31mm, the air space between the plano-convex secondary lens A2 and the meniscus positive lens B1 is 188.54mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B1 and the meniscus positive lens B2 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B2 and the meniscus positive lens B3 is 0.65mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B3 and the meniscus negative lens B4 is 1.34mm, the air space between the meniscus negative lens B4 and the meniscus positive lens B5 is 21.60mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B5 and the meniscus positive lens B6 is 15.27mm, the air space between the meniscus positive lens B6 and the biconcave negative lens B7 is 1.95mm, and the air space between the biconcave negative lens B7 and the biconvex positive lens B8 is 1.14mm.
4. The catadioptric mid-wavelength focal lens of claim 1, wherein: the optical system satisfies: -1< f1/f <2; -1< f2/f <2; -1< f3/f <2; -1< f4/f <2; -1< f5/f <2; -1< f6/f <2; -1< f7/f <2; -1< f8/f <2; wherein f is the focal length of the optical system, and f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, and f8 are the focal lengths of the positive meniscus lens B1, the positive meniscus lens B2, the positive meniscus lens B3, the negative meniscus lens B4, the positive meniscus lens B5, the positive meniscus lens B6, the negative biconcave lens B7, and the positive biconvex lens B8, respectively.
5. The catadioptric mid-wavelength focal lens of claim 1, wherein: the object side of the plano-concave primary mirror A1, the image side of the plano-convex secondary mirror A2, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B1, the object side of the meniscus positive lens B2, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B3, the image side of the meniscus negative lens B4, the object side of the meniscus positive lens B5, the image side of the meniscus positive lens B6, the image side of the biconcave negative lens B7, and the object side of the biconvex positive lens B8 are even aspheric surfaces.
6. The catadioptric mid-wavelength focal lens of claim 1, wherein: and further comprises a parallel plate positioned between the biconvex positive lens B8 and the IMA.
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| CN209044173U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Compact medium wave infrared continuous zooming system |
| CN210090814U (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-02-18 | 三河市蓝思泰克光电科技有限公司 | Long-focus medium-wave infrared refrigeration double-view-field lens |
| CN211603697U (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A long-wave infrared cryogenic optical lens |
| CN114488494A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A cooling medium-wave infrared two-speed variable magnification optical system |
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