CN116044712A - Ionic liquid compressor capable of controlling spraying to carry out liquid supplementing cooling by piston displacement and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ionic liquid compressor and a working method thereof for liquid replenishment and cooling by spraying controlled by piston displacement. The present invention adds a nozzle and a position detection unit on the basis of the existing ionic liquid compressor, and uses the nozzle to spray the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber. To enhance the heat exchange, and refill the ionic liquid lost due to exhaust. The position of the free piston is detected by the position detection unit to determine whether the compressor body is in the expansion stage, the suction stage, the compression stage or the discharge stage. In the expansion and suction stages, the pressure and temperature in the compressor body are relatively low, so spray cooling is not necessary; in the exhaust stage of the compressor body, if the spray is continued, the injected ionic liquid spray will directly follow the Exhaust gas flows away, causing unnecessary waste of ionic liquid. Therefore, the nozzle is precisely controlled to spray only during the compression process of the compressor, so as to realize efficient ionic liquid refilling and enhanced heat exchange in the cylinder.

Description

Ionic Liquid Compressor with Piston Displacement Controlled Spray for Liquid Replenishment Cooling and Its Working Method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of compressors, and in particular relates to an ionic liquid compressor and a working method thereof, which use piston displacement to control spraying for replenishment and cooling.

Background technique

The ionic liquid compressor is a new technology with great potential in the hydrogen refueling station, but there are two main problems in the operation process. First, the reciprocating oscillation of the liquid piston will cause part of the ionic liquid to be mixed into the hydrogen and lost with the exhaust. Secondly, when monitoring the working process in the cylinder, it is found that the heat transfer effect of the current compression process is not good, and the ideal isothermal compression cannot be realized, and the compression power consumption is relatively large.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes an ionic liquid compressor and its working method for liquid replenishment cooling through piston displacement control spraying, and realizes efficient intensification by controlling the spray behavior in a specific compression process Heat exchange with ionic liquid supplementation.

The ionic liquid compressor for piston displacement controlled spraying for rehydration cooling includes a compressor body and a position detection unit, the top of the compression chamber of the compressor body is provided with a nozzle capable of spraying ionic liquid spray, and the position detection unit is arranged on the compressor body and used Used to detect the position of the free piston of the compressor body;

When the gas in the compression chamber is compressed, the nozzle can spray the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber;

When expansion, suction and exhaust are performed in the compression chamber, the nozzle stops spraying the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber.

Preferably, the position detection unit adopts a ranging unit, and the ranging unit is used to detect the position of the end of the free piston in real time.

Preferably, the distance measuring unit includes a mirror and a laser displacement sensor, the mirror is arranged on the free piston and the bottom surface of the free piston, the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the compressor body, and the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor is vertically irradiated on the mirror superior.

Preferably, the compressor body also includes a cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, the inner cavity of the cylinder communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and the free piston is arranged between the inner cavity of the cylinder and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. In the cavity formed by the inner cavity, the upper end of the free piston is set in the inner cavity of the cylinder, and the lower end of the free piston is set in the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder; the intake valve and exhaust valve of the compressor body are both set in the upper end of the cylinder, and the nozzle Set on the upper end of the cylinder cavity.

Preferably, the position detection unit is arranged in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the position detection unit can detect the distance between the lower end surface of the free piston and the bottom of the inner chamber of the hydraulic cylinder.

Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a hydraulic oil inlet and outlet, and the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a breathing hole, and the breathing hole communicates with the inner cavity of the cylinder;

Both the upper end and the lower end of the free piston are provided with a piston ring support ring assembly, the upper end of the free piston is sealed with the inner cavity of the cylinder through the piston ring support ring assembly, and the lower end of the free piston is sealed with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through the piston ring support ring assembly.

Preferably, the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with heat exchange fins.

Preferably, the upper end of the cylinder has a cylinder end cover, and the cylinder end cover is provided with an intake passage, an exhaust passage and an ionic liquid passage, and the intake passage, the exhaust passage and the ionic liquid passage are all communicated with the cylinder cavity, and the nozzle is installed on the outlet port of the ionic liquid pathway;

The intake valve and exhaust valve of the compressor body are respectively arranged on the intake passage and the exhaust passage, the intake valve is arranged at the inlet end of the intake passage, the outlet of the intake valve communicates with the inlet end of the intake passage, and the exhaust The air valve is set at the outlet end of the exhaust passage, and the inlet of the exhaust valve is connected with the outlet end of the exhaust passage. The outlet end of the air inlet and the inlet end of the exhaust port are provided with boss structures for respectively pressing the intake valve and the exhaust valve on the valve cover, and the outlet end of the air inlet and the inlet end of the exhaust port are respectively communicate with the inlet of the intake valve and the outlet of the exhaust valve;

Both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are one-way valves.

Preferably, it also includes a spray control unit and a liquid supply unit, the liquid supply unit is connected to the nozzle, the liquid supply unit is used to provide the nozzle with ionic liquid for spraying, and both the position detection unit and the liquid supply unit are connected to the spray control unit;

When compressing the gas in the compression chamber, the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to supply liquid to the nozzle, and the nozzle sprays the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber;

When expansion, suction and exhaust are performed in the compression chamber, the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to stop supplying liquid to the nozzle.

The working method of the ionic liquid compressor with piston displacement control spraying for rehydration cooling according to the present invention includes an expansion process, an air suction process, a compression process and an exhaust process;

During the compression process, both the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the compressor body are closed, and the ionic liquid spray is sprayed into the compression chamber through the nozzle, and the ionic liquid spray is used to cool the compression chamber and replenish the ionic liquid in the compression chamber;

During the exhaust process, the intake valve is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, and the nozzle stops spraying the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber;

During the expansion process, the intake valve is closed, the exhaust valve is closed, and the nozzle stops spraying the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber;

During the inhalation process, the intake valve is opened, the exhaust valve is closed, and the nozzle stops spraying the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber.

The present invention has following beneficial effects:

The ionic liquid compressor of the present invention uses piston displacement control spraying for rehydration cooling. On the basis of the existing ionic liquid compressor, the nozzle and position detection unit are added, and the nozzle is used to spray the ionic liquid spray into the compression chamber to enhance heat exchange, and The ionic liquid lost due to exhaust in the compression chamber is replenished, and the spray behavior combined with the pressure and temperature rise characteristics in the compression chamber makes it only in the compression process. Specifically, the start and end of the process is determined by monitoring the piston position. Thereby controlling the spray. The position of the free piston can be detected by the position detection unit, and according to the position of the free piston, it can be determined whether the compressor body is in the expansion stage, suction stage, compression stage or exhaust stage. In the expansion stage and the suction stage, the pressure and temperature in the compressor body are relatively low, so spray cooling is not necessary; in the exhaust stage of the compressor body, if the spray is continued, the injected ionic liquid spray will directly It flows away with the exhaust gas, causing unnecessary waste of ionic liquid. Therefore, it is necessary to control the nozzle to spray only during the gas compression process of the compressor body, and take away the heat generated during the gas pressurization process. To sum up, the present invention solves the problems of the loss of liquid ionic liquid during the operation of the current ionic liquid compressor and the poor heat dissipation effect in the cylinder during the compression process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an ionic liquid compressor for replenishment cooling by spraying controlled by piston displacement according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical position of the piston in the cylinder of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the nozzle behavior corresponding to the position of the bottom of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the opening moment of the nozzle when the suction process ends and the compression process is about to start, and (b) is when the compression process ends and the exhaust process is about to start The schematic diagram of the nozzle closing moment, (c) is the schematic diagram of the piston position during the expansion and suction process is the same as the piston position in (b) but the nozzle is still closed, (d) is the suction process is about to end the piston position and (a) Schematic diagram of the moment when the nozzle is opened at the same piston position.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of nozzle action control in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 11-pressure valve cover, 12-intake port, 13-intake valve, 14-exhaust port, 15-exhaust valve, 21-cylinder end cover, 22-intake passage, 23-exhaust passage , 24-ionic liquid channel, 25-nozzle, 26-ionic liquid spray, 31-cylinder, 32-heat exchange fin, 33-ionic liquid, 34-breathing hole, 35-compression chamber, 41-free piston, 42- Piston ring support ring assembly, 43-mirror, 51-hydraulic cylinder, 52-hydraulic oil, 53-hydraulic oil inlet and outlet, 54-laser displacement sensor, 55-sensor signal transmission path.

Detailed ways

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to these detailed descriptions, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the present application and can implement the present application. Without departing from the principle of the present application, the features in different embodiments can be combined to obtain new implementations, or some features in certain embodiments can be replaced to obtain other preferred implementations.

Referring to Fig. 1, the ionic liquid compressor that piston displacement control spraying of the present invention carries out rehydration cooling includes a compressor body and a position detection unit, the top of the compression chamber 35 of the compressor body is provided with a nozzle 25 capable of spraying ionic liquid spray, and the position detection The unit is arranged on the compressor body and is used to detect the position of the free piston 41 of the compressor body. The position of the free piston can be detected by the position detection unit. According to the position of the free piston, it can be determined whether the compressor body is in the expansion stage, the suction stage or compression stage;

Referring to Fig. 3, when the gas in the compression chamber 35 is compressed, the nozzle 25 can spray the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber. The ionic liquid is supplemented in the compression chamber 35;

When expansion, suction and exhaust are carried out in the compression chamber 35, the nozzle 25 stops spraying the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber, wherein, in the expansion stage and the suction stage, the pressure and temperature in the compressor body are relatively low, Therefore, it is unnecessary to carry out spray cooling; when exhausting, since the exhaust valve 15 of the compressor body will be opened, in order to prevent the ionic liquid spray from directly flowing away with the exhaust, causing unnecessary waste of ionic liquid, the spraying should be stopped at this time.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 4, the working method of the above-mentioned piston displacement control spraying of the present invention carries out the ionic liquid compressor of rehydration cooling, including expansion process, suction process, compression process and exhaust process;

During the compression process, both the intake valve 13 and the exhaust valve 15 of the compressor body are closed, and the ionic liquid spray 26 is sprayed into the compression chamber through the nozzle 25, and the temperature of the compression chamber is cooled by the ionic liquid spray 26. At the same time, the ionic liquid in the compression chamber 35 is replenished;

During the exhaust process, the intake valve 13 is closed, the exhaust valve 15 is opened, and the nozzle 25 stops spraying the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber;

During the expansion process, the intake valve 13 is closed, the exhaust valve 15 is closed, and the nozzle 25 stops spraying the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber;

During the inhalation process, the intake valve 13 is opened, the exhaust valve 15 is closed, and the nozzle 25 stops spraying the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber.

The invention installs a laser displacement sensor at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the displacement of the free piston, and judges the working state of the cylinder through the position of the piston, so that the nozzle action can be precisely controlled, so that the spray in the cylinder is only carried out in the gas compression stage, and the high-efficiency strengthening Replenishing the cylinder while exchanging heat not only saves compression work but also avoids the waste of ionic liquid, so it is an efficient and reliable rehydration cooling method for ionic liquid compressors.

Referring to Fig. 1, the position detection unit of the present invention adopts a ranging unit, and the ranging unit is used to detect the position of the end of the free piston 41 in real time, so that the position information of the free piston 41 end measured by the ranging unit can determine the position of the compressor. Whether the body is in the expansion phase, suction phase, compression phase or exhaust phase.

Referring to Fig. 1, specifically, the ranging unit of the present invention includes a reflector 43 and a laser displacement sensor 54, the reflector 43 is arranged on the lower end surface of the free piston 41, the laser displacement sensor 54 is arranged on the lower end of the compressor body, and the laser displacement The laser that sensor 54 emits is vertically irradiated on the mirror 43, and the specific position of the free piston 41 can be measured by the mirror 43 and the laser displacement sensor 54. After the position is demarcated (the distance between the mirror 43 and the laser displacement sensor 54 Corresponding to the position of the free piston 41 during the compression stage, exhaust stage, expansion stage and suction stage of the compressor body), the distance between the mirror 43 and the laser displacement sensor 54 can be used to determine whether the compressor body is In the expansion phase, suction phase, compression phase or exhaust phase.

Referring to Fig. 1, the compressor body of the present invention also includes a cylinder 31 and a hydraulic cylinder 51, the lower end of the cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 51, the inner cavity of the cylinder 31 communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 51, and the free piston 41 is set In the cavity formed by the inner chamber of the cylinder 31 and the inner chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 51, the upper end of the free piston 41 is arranged in the inner chamber of the cylinder 31, and the lower end of the free piston 41 is arranged in the inner chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 51; The intake valve 13 and the exhaust valve 15 are both arranged on the upper end of the cylinder 31, and the nozzle 25 is arranged on the upper end of the inner cavity of the cylinder 31, and the up and down reciprocating movement of the free piston 41 can be controlled by filling and discharging oil into the hydraulic cylinder 51.

In the above-mentioned compressor body, the position detection unit adopts the above-mentioned ranging unit, and the reflector 43 is embedded in the lower end surface of the free piston 41, and the laser displacement sensor 54 is embedded in the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 51. The reflector 43 and the laser displacement sensor 54 The laser emitting end is facing and perpendicular to the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor 54, and the distance between the lower end surface of the free piston 41 and the bottom surface of the hydraulic cylinder 51 can be determined by the reflector 43 and the laser displacement sensor 54, see Fig. 3 . Hydraulic cylinder 51 of the present invention is provided with hydraulic oil import and export 53, and hydraulic oil import and export 53 is arranged on the bottom middle part of hydraulic cylinder 51, and the shape of free piston 41 is similar to dumbbell shape, and the upper end and the lower end of free piston 41 all have The piston ring support ring assembly 42, the upper end of the free piston 41 is sealed with the inner cavity of the cylinder 31 through the piston ring support ring assembly 42, the lower end of the free piston 41 is sealed with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 51 through the piston ring support ring assembly 42, and the cylinder 31 A breathing hole 34 is opened on the lower end of the cylinder, and the breathing hole 34 communicates with the inner cavity of the cylinder 31. The breathing hole 34 can make the part between the piston ring support ring assembly 42 at the upper and lower ends of the free piston 41 and the inner wall of the compressor body form. The ring cavity is balanced with the external atmospheric pressure, which reduces the resistance when the free piston 41 moves back and forth, and prevents the gas in the ring cavity from being heated to cause deformation of the compressor body, resulting in friction between the piston ring support ring assembly 42 and the cylinder 31. The sealing performance and the sealing performance between the piston ring support ring assembly 42 and the hydraulic cylinder 51 are reduced.

In the present invention, heat exchanging fins 32 are arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder 31 to improve the heat exchanging effect, quickly realize the cooling in the compression stage, and improve the compression efficiency.

The upper end of cylinder 31 of the present invention has cylinder end cover 21, and cylinder end cover 21 is provided with intake passage 22, exhaust passage 23 and ionic liquid passage 24, and intake passage 22, exhaust passage 23 and ionic liquid passage 24 are all connected with The inner cavity of the cylinder 31 is connected, and the nozzle 25 is installed at the outlet end of the ionic liquid passage 24;

The inlet valve 13 and the exhaust valve 15 of the compressor body are arranged on the inlet passage 22 and the exhaust passage 23 respectively, the inlet valve 13 is arranged on the inlet end (upper end) of the inlet passage 22, and the outlet of the inlet valve 13 It communicates with the inlet end of the intake passage 22, the exhaust valve 15 is arranged on the outlet end (upper end) of the exhaust passage 23, the inlet of the exhaust valve 15 communicates with the outlet end of the exhaust passage 23, and the cylinder end cover 21 is connected with Pressure valve cover 11, pressure valve cover 11 is provided with air inlet 12 and exhaust port 14, on the pressure valve cover 11, the outlet end (lower end) of air inlet 12 and the inlet end (lower end) of exhaust port 14 are both There are boss structures for pressing the intake valve 13 and the exhaust valve 15 respectively. The outlet of the exhaust valve 15 is communicated; both the intake valve 13 and the exhaust valve 15 are check valves.

In order to realize automatic control, the present invention can also be provided with spray control unit, is used to provide the liquid supply unit of ionic liquid for nozzle 25 and is connected with the inlet end (upper end) of ionic liquid passage 24, and position detection unit and liquid supply unit are all connected with spray control unit. The unit is connected; the spray control unit can determine whether the compressor is in the expansion stage, the suction stage, the compression stage or the exhaust stage by the position information of the free piston 41 obtained by the position detection unit; when the gas in the compression chamber 35 is compressed ( That is, when the compressor is in the compression stage), the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to supply liquid to the nozzle 25, and the nozzle 25 sprays the ionic liquid spray 26 into the compression chamber;

When the compression chamber 35 is expanding, sucking and exhausting, the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to stop supplying liquid to the nozzle 25 .

Example

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an ionic liquid compressor for liquid replenishment cooling by piston displacement control spraying in this embodiment. The ionic liquid compressor for liquid replenishment cooling by piston displacement control spraying in this embodiment mainly includes a pressure valve cover 11, a cylinder end cover 21, Cylinder 31, free piston 41 and hydraulic cylinder 51; the top of cylinder 31 is connected with cylinder end cover 21 by bolts, and the bottom of cylinder 31 is connected with hydraulic cylinder 51 by bolts; pressure valve cover 11 is fixed on the top of cylinder end cover 21 by bolts. Air inlet 12, exhaust port 14 are arranged on pressure valve cover 11; Air inlet passage 22 is arranged on cylinder end cover 21, exhaust passage 23, ionic liquid passage 24; The bottom of the ionic liquid channel 24 is connected; the nozzle 25 sprays the ionic liquid spray 26 into the cylinder 31; there are heat exchange fins 32 on the outer wall of the cylinder 31, and there is a breathing hole 34 on the opposite side of the bottom of the cylinder 31; there is hydraulic oil 52 inside the hydraulic cylinder 51 , there is a hydraulic oil inlet and outlet 53 in the middle of the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 51; a laser displacement sensor 54 is fixed on one side of the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 51, and a sensor signal transmission path 55 is set up below the laser displacement sensor 54; the free piston 41 lower part of the hydraulic cylinder 51 is filled with hydraulic oil 52, The hydraulic oil 52 enters and exits the hydraulic cylinder 51 through the hydraulic oil inlet and outlet, and controls the free piston 41 to reciprocate up and down; the upper part of the free piston 41 in the cylinder 31 is covered with the ionic liquid 33; Piston ring support ring assembly 42 is arranged on the side that cylinder contacts; Reflective mirror 43 is installed at the place where free piston 41 bottom surface and laser displacement sensor 54 are directly facing.

Figure 2 shows several typical positions of the free piston 41 in the cylinder in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2 , the free piston 41 reciprocates up and down in the cylinder 31 . The low-pressure gas with a pressure of _P1 is inhaled through the intake valve 13, and the high-pressure gas with a pressure of _P2 is discharged through the exhaust valve 15. Position A is the bottom dead center of the upper end of the free piston 41, and position B is the top dead center of the upper end of the free piston 41. When the free piston 41 moves to the position C, the compression process ends and the exhaust process begins, and the exhaust valve 15 is opened to start exhaust .

The displacement of the free piston 41 from position A to position B is the stroke S ₂ of the piston, and the displacement of the free piston 41 from position A to position C is S ₁ , assuming that n is the multi-party process index, then:

S ₁ can be obtained as:

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of nozzle behavior corresponding to the position of the bottom of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention. When the free piston 41 is at the bottom dead center A (see (a)), in the hydraulic cylinder 51 at this time, the distance between the bottom of the free piston 41 and the bottom of the hydraulic oil level is S ₀ , and the laser displacement sensor 54 is used to calibrate this position ; When the free piston 41 is at position C (see (b)), the distance between the bottom of the free piston 41 and the bottom of the hydraulic oil level is S ₀ +S ₁ , and the laser displacement sensor 54 is used to calibrate this position.

Combined with the control principle diagram of the nozzle action shown in Figure 4. When the free piston 41 reaches the position A in the hydraulic cylinder 51, it is considered that the free piston 41 has reached the bottom dead center, the suction process is over, the free piston 41 is about to start moving upward, and the compression process is about to start. At this time, the laser displacement sensor 54 will displace The signal _S0 is transmitted to the spray control unit, and the spray control unit parses it into a control command after receiving the displacement signal, controls the nozzle 25 to open, and sprays the ionic liquid spray 26 into the cylinder 31;

When the free piston 41 moves upward and reaches position C, it is considered that the compression process ends and the exhaust process begins. At this time, the laser displacement sensor 54 transmits the displacement signal S ₀ + S ₁ to the spray control unit, and the spray control unit receives the displacement signal. It is parsed into a control command, and the control nozzle 25 is closed;

When the free piston 41 reaches the top dead center B and starts to move downward again, it will still pass the position C. At this time, the laser displacement sensor 54 still obtains the displacement signal S ₀ +S ₁ . When the laser displacement sensor 54 transmits the signal to the spray After the control unit, the spray control unit will still analyze the signal as the control command of "nozzle closing", but since the nozzle 25 itself is already in the closed state at this time, the nozzle 25 does not change its working state at this time;

When the free piston 41 continues to move downwards to position A, it is considered that the free piston 41 has reached the bottom dead center, the suction process is over, the free piston 41 is about to start moving upward, and the compression process is about to begin. At this time, the laser displacement sensor 54 will receive After the displacement signal S ₀ is transmitted to the spray control unit, the spray control unit analyzes the signal, controls the nozzle 25 to open, and now the nozzle 25 opens and injects the ionic liquid spray 26 into the cylinder 31.

To sum up, the ionic liquid compressor of the present invention uses piston displacement control spraying for rehydration cooling to monitor the displacement of the free piston through the laser displacement sensor at the bottom, and judge the working state of the cylinder through the position of the free piston in the cylinder, thereby controlling the nozzle at the top of the cylinder. Opening and closing, so that the spray can be accurately controlled in the gas compression link, which can not only efficiently dissipate heat to the high-temperature gas in compression, reduce the loss of compression work, but also effectively prevent the injected ionic liquid from directly flowing away with the exhaust gas, reducing ion The waste of liquid is a precise and efficient way to refill the cylinder of the ionic liquid compressor and cool the compressed gas.

Claims (10)

1. The ionic liquid compressor that the piston displacement control spraying carries out replenishment cooling is characterized in that, comprises a compressor body and a position detection unit, and the top of the compression chamber (35) of the compressor body is provided with the nozzle (25) that can spray ionic liquid spray ), the position detection unit is arranged on the compressor body and is used to detect the position of the free piston (41) of the compressor body; When the gas in the compression chamber (35) is compressed, the nozzle (25) can spray the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber; When expansion, suction and exhaust are performed in the compression chamber (35), the nozzle (25) stops spraying the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber. 2. The ionic liquid compressor according to claim 1, wherein the piston displacement control spraying is carried out for rehydration cooling, wherein the position detection unit adopts a ranging unit, and the ranging unit is used for real-time detection of the free piston (41) position of the end. 3. The ionic liquid compressor for rehydration cooling by piston displacement control spraying according to claim 2, characterized in that, the distance measuring unit comprises a mirror (43) and a laser displacement sensor (54), and the mirror (43) It is arranged on the bottom surface of the free piston (41), and the laser displacement sensor (54) is arranged on the compressor body, and the laser light emitted by the laser displacement sensor (54) is vertically irradiated on the reflector (43). 4. The ionic liquid compressor for cooling by piston displacement control spraying according to claim 1, wherein the compressor body also includes a cylinder (31) and a hydraulic cylinder (51), and the lower end of the cylinder (31) It is fixedly connected with the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder (51), the inner cavity of the cylinder (31) communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (51), and the free piston (41) is arranged on the inner cavity of the cylinder (31) and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (51). In the cavity formed by the inner cavity together, the upper end of the free piston (41) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder (31), and the lower end of the free piston (41) is arranged in the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (51); the intake valve of the compressor body (13) and exhaust valve (15) are all arranged on the upper end of cylinder (31), and nozzle (25) is arranged on the upper end of cylinder (31) inner cavity. 5. The ionic liquid compressor according to claim 4, wherein the piston displacement control spraying is carried out for rehydration cooling, wherein the position detection unit is arranged in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (51), and the position detection unit can detect the free piston (41) The distance between the lower end face of the hydraulic cylinder (51) and the bottom of the cavity. 6. The ionic liquid compressor according to claim 4, wherein the piston displacement is controlled and sprayed for rehydration cooling, wherein the hydraulic cylinder (51) is provided with a hydraulic oil inlet and outlet (53), and the lower end of the cylinder (31) is provided with a Breathing hole (34) is arranged, and breathing hole (34) communicates with the inner cavity of cylinder (31); The upper end and the lower end of the free piston (41) are provided with a piston ring support ring assembly (42), and the upper end of the free piston (41) is sealed with the inner cavity of the cylinder (31) through the piston ring support ring assembly (42), and the free piston ( The lower end of 41) is sealed with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (51) through the piston ring support ring assembly (42). 7. The ionic liquid compressor with piston displacement controlled spraying for rehydration cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, the outer wall of the cylinder (31) is provided with heat exchange fins (32). 8. The ionic liquid compressor according to claim 4, wherein the piston displacement control spraying is carried out for rehydration cooling, wherein the upper end of the cylinder (31) has a cylinder end cover (21), and the cylinder end cover (21) is provided with an inlet The air passage (22), the exhaust passage (23) and the ionic liquid passage (24), the intake passage (22), the exhaust passage (23) and the ionic liquid passage (24) are all communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder (31), The nozzle (25) is installed at the outlet end of the ionic liquid passage (24); The inlet valve (13) and the exhaust valve (15) of the compressor body are arranged on the inlet passage (22) and the exhaust passage (23) respectively, and the inlet valve (13) is arranged on the inlet passage (22) At the inlet end, the outlet of the air intake valve (13) communicates with the inlet end of the air intake passage (22), the exhaust valve (15) is arranged at the outlet end of the exhaust passage (23), and the inlet of the exhaust valve (15) is connected with the inlet end of the air intake passage (22). The outlet end of the exhaust passage (23) is connected, and the cylinder end cover (21) is connected with a pressure valve cover (11), and the pressure valve cover (11) is provided with an air inlet (12) and an exhaust port (14). The valve cover (11) is provided with bosses for pressing the intake valve (13) and the exhaust valve (15) respectively at the outlet end of the air inlet (12) and the inlet end of the exhaust port (14). structure, the outlet port of the air inlet (12) and the inlet port of the exhaust port (14) communicate with the inlet of the air inlet valve (13) and the outlet of the exhaust valve (15) respectively; Both the intake valve (13) and the exhaust valve (15) are check valves. 9. The ionic liquid compressor of piston displacement control spraying according to claim 1 for replenishing liquid cooling, further comprising a spray control unit and a liquid supply unit, the liquid supply unit is connected with the nozzle (25), and the liquid supply unit is used In order to provide the ionic liquid for spraying to the nozzle (25), the position detection unit and the liquid supply unit are all connected with the spray control unit; When compressing the gas in the compression chamber (35), the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to supply liquid to the nozzle (25), and the nozzle (25) sprays the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber; When expansion, suction and exhaust are performed in the compression chamber (35), the spray control unit controls the liquid supply unit to stop supplying liquid to the nozzle (25). 10. The working method of the ionic liquid compressor that the piston displacement control spraying of any one of claims 1-9 carries out rehydration cooling, is characterized in that, comprises expansion process, suction process, compression process and exhaust process; During the compression process, both the intake valve (13) and the exhaust valve (15) of the compressor body are closed, and the ionic liquid spray (26) is sprayed into the compression chamber through the nozzle (25), and the ionic liquid spray (26) is used to compress The chamber is cooled, and the ionic liquid in the compression chamber (35) is replenished simultaneously; During the exhaust process, the intake valve (13) is closed, the exhaust valve (15) is opened, and the nozzle (25) stops spraying the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber; During the expansion process, the intake valve (13) is closed, the exhaust valve (15) is closed, and the nozzle (25) stops spraying the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber; During the inhalation process, the intake valve (13) is opened, the exhaust valve (15) is closed, and the nozzle (25) stops spraying the ionic liquid spray (26) into the compression chamber.

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