CN116038103A - A free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device and a free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing method, which belong to the technical field of laser processing. During processing, the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units simultaneously perform cooperative positioning scanning processing, so that the processing and manufacturing of the microstructure graph of the large complex curved surface are completed, the function of simultaneously and cooperatively processing the large complex curved surface by a plurality of laser scanning processing heads is realized, and the processing and manufacturing efficiency of the large complex curved surface is improved by N times.

Description

A free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and more specifically relates to a free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device and method.

Background technique

With the rapid development of modern industry, large and complex curved surfaces are widely used in the fields of aerospace, navigation, national defense or civil transportation due to their controllable geometry and excellent engineering properties. For special properties such as chemistry, it is often necessary to prepare various functional microstructures on the surface of complex curved parts. Since the overall size of general curved surface parts (meter level) is hundreds of times different from the functional structure size (micron level) to be processed, it is a typical cross-dimensional manufacturing, and its processing is difficult. Not only It is difficult to ensure the preparation accuracy and quality, and the preparation time is long, resulting in extremely low manufacturing efficiency. Therefore, how to achieve cross-scale high-efficiency and high-precision manufacturing of large complex curved workpieces is an important key technology in the field of precision manufacturing technology.

Laser processing technology has the characteristics of non-contact, high processing precision, fast speed, small heat-affected zone, good flexibility, wide range of machinable materials, and easy combination with numerical control system. It is especially suitable for difficult-to-process materials (ultra-brittle, ultra-soft, Super-hard, ultra-thin) and the processing and manufacturing of surface graphic structures of complex curved parts. At present, the technologies used for laser three-dimensional processing of complex curved surface parts mainly include the following types:

One is the focused laser three-dimensional processing technology based on the five-axis linkage machine tool. The five-axis linkage CNC machine tool has the ability to interpolate and position in any space to ensure that the optical axis of the incident laser beam is always perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be processed. The advantages of the above laser processing technology It can replace traditional three-dimensional mechanical tools for three-dimensional processing and manufacturing of complex curved surfaces, so it can realize the microstructure processing of surface graphics and microstructures of complex curved surface parts of any material, and has high processing accuracy and quality. However, due to the large inertia and frequent startup of this technology, the processing speed is extremely slow and the processing efficiency is extremely low, and there is a problem that high precision and high efficiency are difficult to be compatible at the same time.

The second is the three-dimensional laser projection galvanometer scanning processing technology based on the "3+2" axis. The motor of the scanning galvanometer controls the deflection of the two mirrors on the x and y axes and the focusing of the scanning field mirror to realize the focused laser beam on the two-dimensional plane. The high-speed scanning has excellent characteristics such as large output torque, small moment of inertia, short response time, high acceleration, fast scanning speed, and high positioning accuracy. Through the integration with 3-axis linkage CNC machine tools, it can realize the function of three-dimensional processing of complex curved surfaces. Compared with the focused laser three-dimensional processing of the axis linkage machine tool, this solution can greatly improve the processing and manufacturing efficiency.

For example, the patent application with the application number of 200910061324.5 discloses a multi-functional laser processing equipment. The two-dimensional vibrating mirror is installed on the Z-axis moving mechanism, and together with the XY-axis linear motors constitute a "3+2" axis CNC laser processing machine tool. By controlling the Z-axis moving mechanism to adjust the position of the focal point in the Z direction, three-dimensional precision machining is realized. Another example, the patent application with application number 201010115968.0 discloses a projection laser etching method on free-form surfaces, based on the "3+2" axis processing system, according to the depth of focus, the free-form surface to be processed described by the discrete point cloud model is divided into It is divided into different sub-blocks, and the processing graphics in the sub-blocks are projected in parallel to the XY plane. The XY axis is responsible for the positioning of each sub-block and the Z-axis coordination, so as to realize the rapid scanning processing of the three-dimensional galvanometer projection processing graphics. However, although the three-dimensional laser projection galvanometer scanning processing equipment based on the "3+2" axis has a simple structure and greatly improves processing efficiency, this technology can only perform overall projection along a single direction. The number of block divisions has increased sharply, resulting in frequent start-stop positioning of the 3-axis linkage CNC machine tool, which also seriously affects the processing efficiency. At the same time, it will increase the deformation of the focused spot, reduce the power density, and deteriorate the consistency of processing dimensional accuracy and quality. , and is also limited by the magnitude of the curvature change of the surface. Therefore, this solution is only suitable for processing complex curved surfaces with small curvature and small processing range, and cannot realize the cross-scale processing and manufacturing of large complex curved surface workpieces.

The third is based on the "5+3" axis projection galvanometer scanning laser three-dimensional processing. For example, the patent application with application number 201110048935.3 discloses a laser processing method and device suitable for complex curved surfaces. By dividing complex curved surfaces into surface slices, and The surface patch coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule, so that the angle between the positive direction of the normal of any point in the surface patch coordinate system and the Z-axis is less than 90 degrees, and the size of the graphics obtained by parallel projection along the Z-axis direction in the surface patch is smaller than the vibration The scanning range of the mirror is wide, and the curved surface is layered according to the depth of focus. By controlling the five-axis machine tool, the normal direction at the center of the mirror surface of the scanning focusing lens coincides with the Z-axis of the curved surface. A three-coordinate galvanometer scanning laser processing head is used. Scanning and processing projection processing graphics. This scheme can not only process complex curved surfaces with various curvatures, but also convert complex curved surfaces with large curvatures into small curvatures by creating surface patches, which can realize cross-scale processing and manufacturing of large complex curved surface workpieces.

However, this "5+3" axis complex curved surface laser etching system only uses a single 3D laser galvanometer to scan the etching head, and in order to ensure the processing accuracy, the scanning surface area of the etching head is small, and the scanning processing The range is generally less than 50mm ² , but for a curved surface processing department with an area of several square meters, the entire area must be divided into many curved surface areas not larger than 50mm ² , and after scanning and processing of each curved surface area, the 3D laser The galvanometer scanning etching head moves to the next curved surface area for scanning processing, and its processing efficiency also needs to be improved. For large and complex curved surface processing and manufacturing, this single laser scanning processing head still has the problem of long processing time and low manufacturing efficiency. question.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device and method to efficiently process free-form surfaces with an area of several square meters.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device and method, wherein N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units are arranged along the circumferential direction of a large complex curved surface workpiece, each The laser scanning processing head of one "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is in charge of one processing area. During processing, N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units coordinate positioning and scanning processing at the same time to complete large complex curved surface microstructure graphics Processing and manufacturing, realize the function of multiple laser scanning processing heads to simultaneously process large and complex curved surfaces, and increase the processing and manufacturing efficiency of large and complex curved surfaces by N times.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device, which includes N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units and a high-precision rotating machine for placing large complex curved surface workpieces to be processed N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units are arranged in a circle around the high-precision rotary table. The effective processing height of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is different. N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units The scanning processing units are arranged along the circumference from high to low according to the effective processing height. N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units are controlled by an external industrial computer for processing.

When working, the processing area is divided into N ring zones according to the latitude along the generatrix of the large complex curved workpiece to be processed. The +3" axis laser scanning processing unit cooperates with scanning processing at the same time to complete the processing and manufacturing of microstructure graphics of large complex curved workpieces.

Among them, the processing area of large and complex curved workpieces is at least one square meter, and the effective processing height of the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit refers to the height range that its own laser beam for laser processing can scan and process. The height is Determined with the base as the starting point, the high-precision rotary table refers to the platform used to place the large complex curved surface to be processed. The platform can drive the workpiece to rotate horizontally, so that each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit completes its responsible belt processing. The repeated positioning accuracy of the high-precision rotary table reaches 4", where 1°=60'=3600".

Furthermore, each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit includes a base, an XYZ high-precision three-dimensional mobile table, a high-precision rotating B-axis, a swinging A-axis and a three-dimensional laser scanning processing head. Among them, the XYZ high-precision three-dimensional moving The workbench is set on the base, which is used to realize linear motion in the three directions of x, y, and z. The high-precision rotating B-axis is installed on the Z-axis of the XYZ high-precision three-dimensional mobile workbench for 360° rotation. The swing A-axis is installed on the high-precision rotating B-axis for ±90° swing, and the 3D laser scanning processing head is installed on the swing A-axis for laser scanning processing.

Further, the base is made of granite, and the height of each granite base is different, which is determined according to the height of the large complex curved workpiece to be processed and the predetermined effective processing height, and is evenly arranged along the outer circumference of the high-precision rotary table.

Further, the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head includes a fiber laser, an optical path component, a three-dimensional scanning component, a positioning detection module, a protective dust cover, an auto-focus module and an optical handle connector, wherein the fiber laser is used to output a pulsed laser beam of a set wavelength, The optical path component is arranged in the direction of the output light of the fiber laser, and is used to expand and collimate the pulsed laser beam. The three-dimensional scanning component receives the pulsed laser beam that has been expanded and collimated and is used to focus the pulsed laser beam. The focused laser beam performs three-dimensional surface scanning processing on large complex curved workpieces to be processed. The protective dust cover is set behind the three-dimensional scanning component to block smoke and protect the optical lens. The positioning detection module is set on the side of the protective dust cover for Accurately locate the position of the large complex curved surface to be processed on the processing platform, the autofocus module is set on the side of the protective dust cover to ensure that the laser focus is always on the processing surface of the curved surface, and the light handle joint is set on the shell of the 3D laser scanning processing head Both sides, used to realize the rotation of the processing head.

Further, the three-dimensional scanning component includes a dynamic focusing module, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and a scanning focusing field mirror, wherein the dynamic focusing module is used to adjust the position of the focused laser focus along the z direction, and it is also used to cooperate with the automatic focusing module , to ensure that the laser focus is always on the processing surface of the large complex curved workpiece to be processed, the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer is set in the direction of the outgoing light of the scanning focusing field lens, and is used to control the laser beam focused by the scanning focusing field lens in x, y The moving trajectory of the plane is also used to cooperate with the dynamic focusing module to realize three-dimensional curved surface scanning processing.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a processing method of the above-mentioned free-form surface multi-laser processing table cooperative processing device, which fixes the large complex curved surface workpiece to be processed on the high-precision rotary table, and The busbar of the workpiece with complex curved surface divides the processing area into N processing areas according to different latitudes. The laser scanning processing head of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is responsible for the scanning processing of one processing area. Multiple "5+3" axis The effective processing height of the laser scanning processing unit matches the processing areas of different latitudes. N sets of “5+3” axis laser scanning processing units coordinate scanning and processing at the same time to complete the processing and manufacturing of microstructure graphics of large complex curved surface workpieces.

Further, first subdivide each processing area according to the effective processing range of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and obtain multiple processed curved surface slices, so that the size of multiple processed curved surface slices in each processing area is not larger than the corresponding The effective processing range of the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and then subdivide each curved surface sheet according to the effective scanning processing range of the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit to obtain the curved surface Blocks, so that the size of each surface block is not larger than the effective scanning processing range of the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer of the corresponding "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit.

Further, it includes the following steps:

S1: Perform high-precision rotation on the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head in each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, move to the center of the first curved surface block of the first curved surface sheet in the corresponding processing area, and make The optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincides with the geometric center normal of the curved surface block,

S2: Simultaneously start the three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads of the N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units, and each of the N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units starts to scan and process the corresponding first curved surface block,

S3: After any surface block is scanned and processed, the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit corresponding to the surface block turns off the laser source, and moves the 3D laser scanning processing head to the center of the second surface block of the first surface piece , and make the optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center normal of the second surface block, start laser 3D scanning to process the second surface block, until the laser scanning processing head scans and processes the first surface piece step by step The last surface block of , so far the processing of the first surface patch is completed,

S4: When the N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units have completed the processing of their corresponding first surface sheet, turn off the laser sources of all N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units, and start the high-precision The rotary table drives the processed large complex curved surface workpiece to rotate an angle, so that the center of the second curved surface sheet in N different latitude processing intervals corresponds to the center of the three-dimensional scanning processing head of the respective "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit,

S5: Repeat steps S2 and S3 in sequence until the processing of the second curved surface sheet in each processing area is completed,

S6: Step S5 is repeated until all surface patches of all N processing areas with different latitudes are processed.

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following

Beneficial effect:

The invention provides a device for collaborative manufacturing of multiple laser scanning processing units, which fixes a large complex curved surface workpiece to be processed on a high-precision turntable, and sets multiple laser scanning processing units around the large complex curved surface workpiece. The scanning processing unit is partitioned according to the latitude and low of the large complex curved surface workpiece, and the division of labor and cooperation are processed. Multiple laser scanning processing units are arranged along the high-precision turntable along the circumferential direction according to the effective processing height. When working, the large complex curved surface workpiece is divided into N processing areas along the workpiece bus according to the effective processing height of each N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit The scanning processing head is responsible for a processing section. Each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit consists of a granite base, XYZ high-precision three-dimensional mobile table, high-precision rotating B-axis and swinging A-axis to form a high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating mechanism, and is connected with a three-dimensional laser The scanning processing head is integrated to form a "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit. The XYZ high-precision three-dimensional mobile table is installed on the granite base, which can realize the linear motion function in the three directions of x, y, and z; the rotating B-axis is installed on the Z-axis of the XYZ high-precision three-dimensional mobile table, which can realize 360° rotation Function; the swing A axis is installed on the rotation B axis, which can realize the swing function of ±90°. The three-dimensional laser scanning processing head is composed of fiber laser, optical path components, three-dimensional scanning party members, positioning detection module, protective vacuum cover, auto-focus module and optical handle joint. The high-efficiency, high-precision quality x'y'z' three-dimensional laser scanning processing function of the graphic structure of the Nth curved surface area.

Specifically, when a plurality of laser scanning processing units of the present invention cooperate with the manufacturing device to work, firstly, the large complex curved surface workpiece to be processed is divided into N according to the effective processing height of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit along the direction of the bus Each processing area is subdivided according to the effective scanning processing range of each laser scanning processing unit, and is divided into M processing surface slices along the latitude direction of large complex curved surface workpieces, and then each surface slice is divided into M processing surface slices according to the three-dimensional laser The effective scanning range of the scanning processing head is subdivided into S scanning and processing curved surface blocks. Before N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units cooperate to carry out laser scanning processing, the high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating structure in each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit drives their respective 3D laser scanning processing heads, Move to the center of the first processing surface block of the first processing surface patch in the respective processing intervals, and make the optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center normal of the first surface block, and start N units at the same time The three-dimensional laser scanning processing head in the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit starts to process the laser three-dimensional scanning processing of the first curved surface block. When any curved surface block is scanned and processed, the laser processing system turns off the laser source, start the high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating mechanism to drive the 3D laser scanning processing head to move to the center of the second processing surface block of the first surface sheet, and make the optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincide with the second processing surface block The normals of the geometric centers coincide, and start laser 3D scanning to process the second surface block until the laser scanning processing head scans and processes the last surface block in the first surface piece step by step, thus completing the first surface piece processing. When N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units have completed their first surface sheet processing, turn off the laser sources of all N sets, and start the high-precision turntable at the same time to drive the large complex curved surface workpiece to rotate an angle, so that the large The second curved surface sheet of the N processing sections of the complex curved surface workpiece moves to the center of the respective "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and then, the 5-axis moving and rotating structure of each unit drives the laser scanning processing head to the second curved surface The center of the first surface block of the slice, and make the optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center normal of the processing surface block. The above processing process is repeated until all the second curved surface pieces in the N processing areas are processed. Repeat the above processing process to complete all the third curved surface sheets in the N processing areas until all the curved surface sheets in the N processing areas are processed. Since the N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units work together at the same time , so as to increase the manufacturing efficiency of large complex curved surfaces by N times.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a free-form surface multi-laser processing station cooperative processing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the three-dimensional scanning component provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of fragmentation processing of a large complex curved surface workpiece provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of block processing of a large complex curved surface workpiece provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a free-form surface multi-laser processing platform cooperative processing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, a large complex curved surface workpiece 1 to be processed is fixed on a high-precision turntable 2, and a large complex curved surface workpiece to be processed is 1 N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units 3-I (I=1, 2...N) are installed according to certain rules around the latitude, and large complex curved surface workpieces 1 are placed along the height of the busbar according to each "5+3" axis The effective processing height of the laser scanning processing unit is divided into 1-I (I=1, 2...N) processing areas, and the first "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit 3-1 is responsible for the first 1-1 processing area, The second "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is responsible for the 1-2 processing area, ... the Nth "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit 3-N is responsible for the scanning processing of the 1-N processing area.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is moved by a granite base 4 and a high-precision straight line X-axis 5, high-precision linear movement Y-axis 6, high-precision linear movement Z-axis 7, high-precision rotation B-axis 8, swing A-axis 9, and a three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10. High-precision linear movement X-axis 5 is installed on the granite base 4, high-precision linear movement Y-axis 6 is installed on high-precision linear movement X-axis 5, high-precision linear movement Z-axis 7 is installed on high-precision linear movement Y-axis 6 , high-precision linear movement X-axis 5, high-precision linear movement Y-axis 6 and high-precision linear movement Z-axis 7 together form a high-precision linear three-dimensional mobile worktable, which can realize linear movement functions in three directions of x, y, and z. The high-precision rotating B-axis 8 is installed on the high-precision linear moving Z-axis 7 of the three-dimensional mobile table, which can realize the 360°rotation function. The swing A-axis 9 is installed on the high-precision rotation B-axis 8, which can realize the swing function of plus or minus 90°. The three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10 is installed on the swing A-axis 9 to form a 5-axis movement mechanism in space.

3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10 is composed of a fiber laser 11, an optical path assembly 12, a three-dimensional scanning unit 13, a positioning detection module 14, and a protective suction The dust cover 15, the autofocus module 16 and the optical handle joint 17 are composed of several parts. The function of the fiber laser 11 is to output a pulsed laser beam of a certain wavelength, the function of the optical path assembly 12 is to expand and collimate the pulsed laser beam, and the function of the three-dimensional scanning unit 13 is to focus the pulsed laser beam and control the focused laser beam on the curved surface of the workpiece Carry out x, y, z three-dimensional surface scanning processing. The function of the positioning detection module 14 is to precisely locate the position of the large complex curved surface to be processed on the processing platform. The function of the protection dust collection cover 15 is to suck away the smog produced by the laser processing and protect the optical lens from pollution. It is arranged behind the three-dimensional scanning unit 13 . The function of the auto-focus module 16 is to detect whether the laser focus is located on the curved surface. The function of the light handle joint 17 is to link the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10 with the space 5-axis moving system to form a (5+3) axis laser processing table.

4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the 3D scanning assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the 3D scanning unit 13 includes a dynamic focusing module 18 , a 2D scanning galvanometer 19 and a scanning focusing field lens 20 . The two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 19 is arranged in the direction of the light emitted by the dynamic focusing module 18 , and the scanning focusing field lens 20 is arranged in the direction of the light emitted by the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 19 . The function of the dynamic focusing module 18 is to adjust the position of the focal point of the focused laser along the z direction, cooperate with the automatic focusing module 16 to ensure that the laser focus is always on the curved surface of the workpiece, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the scanning process. The two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 19 is used to control the movement trajectory of the laser beam focused by the scanning focusing field lens 20 on the xy plane, and cooperates with the dynamic focusing module 18 to realize x, y, z three-dimensional curved surface scanning processing.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the fragmentation processing of a large complex curved surface workpiece provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the block processing of a large complex curved surface workpiece provided by an embodiment of the present invention. When the processing table cooperates with the processing device to work, the large complex curved workpiece 1 to be processed is divided into N partial curved processing areas along the direction of the generatrix according to the effective processing height of N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units. Each curved surface processing section corresponds to each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit. Then, according to the effective scanning processing range of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, each processing interval is subdivided into M curved surface slices along the latitude direction of the large complex curved surface workpiece, for example, the I-th processing area 1 -I is subdivided into M surface patches, and each surface patch is 1-I-J (J=1, 2, . . . M), as shown in FIG. 5 . Finally, according to the effective scanning range of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10, the curved surface patch is further subdivided into S curved surface blocks, for example, the (I×J)th curved surface patch is subdivided into S curved surface blocks, one of which is That is, 1-I-J-K (K=1, 2, . . . S), as shown in FIG. 6 . Each processing area is in the shape of a ring, and each ring-shaped processing area is subdivided into multiple surface slices. For example, the surface slices can be divided along the longitude direction of a large complex curved workpiece. Each surface patch can be further subdivided into grid-like surface blocks.

Specifically, the processing method can be subdivided into the following steps:

(1) Before N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units cooperate to carry out laser scanning processing, the high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating mechanisms in each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit drive their respective 3D laser scanning The processing head 10 moves to the center of the first curved surface block of the first curved surface patch in the respective processing intervals, and makes the optical axis of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center normal of the processed curved surface block;

(2) Start the lasers of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads 10 in the N "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units 3-I (I=1, 2...N), and start the laser three-dimensional scanning processing of the first curved surface respectively Block 1-I-1-1 (I=1, 2...N);

(3) After scanning and processing any curved surface block (such as the first curved surface block 1-1-1-1 of the first processed curved surface sheet in the first processing area), the "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit 3-1 Turn off the laser source, start the high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating mechanism to drive the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10, move to the center of the second curved surface block of the first curved surface sheet, and make the optical axis of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head 10 and The geometric center normal of the processed surface block coincides, and the laser three-dimensional scanning starts to process the second surface block until the laser scanning processing head gradually scans and processes the last surface block in the first surface block 1-1-1-S , thus completing the processing of the first surface piece 1-I-1.

(4) After the N sets of "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units have completed their first surface sheet processing, turn off the laser sources of all N sets, and start the high-precision turntable at the same time to drive the large complex curved surface workpiece to rotate an angle , so that the center of the second curved surface sheet in each processing section corresponds to the center of the corresponding "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and then each 5-axis moving and rotating mechanism drives the laser scanning processing head to move to the center of the second curved surface sheet The fast center of the first surface, and make the optical axis of the 3D laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center normal of the processing surface block, and perform scanning processing;

(5) Repeat the above process until all the second curved surface sheets 1-1-2 in the N processing areas are processed;

(6) Repeat the above processing process again, finish processing all the third curved surface sheets 1-1-3 in the N processing areas, repeat the above processing process until all the curved surface sheets in the N processing areas are processed.

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention:

Using 4 "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units to carry out collaborative laser processing on the complex curved surface rotary workpiece of copper-coated glass fiber epoxy resin composite material on the surface, remove part of the copper film on the surface, but do not damage the substrate, so that in complex An array microstructure pattern is prepared on the surface of the curved surface rotary workpiece, and a frequency selection function is obtained. The longest dimension of the workpiece is 2.5m, the shortest dimension is 1m, and the height is 1.7m. It is fixed on a disc with a rotation accuracy of 0.1°. The effective processing range of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is 0.4m×0.4m×0.5m. The laser output wavelength of the 3D laser scanning processing head is a nanosecond fiber laser with a maximum output power of 50W and a dynamic focus module. The non-linear lever mechanism is selected, the dynamic focus range is 10mm, and the effective laser scanning processing range is 20mm×20mmm×10mm. According to the effective processing height of 4 "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units, the workpiece is divided into 4 revolving surface processing sections with a size not greater than 0.5mm along its generatrix, and the 4 revolving surface processing sections are also four rings Shaped processing area, each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit is responsible for a processing area. Next, each surface-of-revolution processing section is subdivided into some surface slices with a processing size not greater than 0.4m×0.4m×0.5m along the workpiece latitude according to the effective processing range of each “5+3” axis laser scanning processing unit. Then, according to the effective scanning processing range of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head, each curved surface sheet is divided into some curved surface blocks whose size is not larger than 20mm×20mm×10mm. The laser scanning processing parameters are as follows: laser power 30W, repetition frequency 50KHz, scanning speed 1000mm/s, start 4 "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units to coordinate laser scanning processing, and the high precision in each laser scanning processing unit The 5-axis moving mechanism drives the respective three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads to move to the center of the surface block of the first area in the respective processing intervals, and makes the optical axis of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head coincide with the geometric center of the processing surface block. Lines coincide. Again, start the lasers of the 3D laser scanning processing heads of the 4 "5+3" axis laser scanning processing units at the same time, and start the laser 3D scanning processing of their first curved surface block. When any surface block is scanned and processed, the laser processing system turns off the laser source, starts the high-precision 5-axis moving and rotating mechanism to drive the 3D laser scanning processing head to move to the center of the second processing surface block, and makes the 3D laser scanning processing head The optical axis coincides with the geometric center normal of the processed surface block, and the laser three-dimensional scanning starts to process the second surface block until the laser scanning processing head gradually scans and processes the last surface block in the first surface block, thus completing the process. Processing of the first surface patch. Then, after the 4 laser scanning processing systems have finished processing their first curved surface sheet, turn off the laser sources of all 4 laser scanning processing systems, and each laser scanning processing head returns to the initial position, and at the same time start the high-precision turntable to drive the curved surface workpiece to rotate An angle, so that the center of the second surface piece of the 4 surface-of-revolution processing intervals corresponds to the center of the respective "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, repeat the above processing process until all the second surface slices of the 4 surface-revolving processing intervals Surface sheet processing is complete. The above processing process is repeated until all the curved surface pieces in the 4-revolved curved surface processing section are processed. The processing results show that the processing efficiency has been significantly improved by 4 times, the etching depth and roughness of the metal film meet the process requirements, the processing edge is smooth and burr-free, the composite material substrate remains intact, without damage and deformation, and the processing dimensional accuracy and splicing error are less than .

In the present invention, a large complex curved surface workpiece refers to a curved surface that cannot be described and expressed by an elementary analytical curved surface (such as a cylinder, a sphere, a cone, etc.) and whose size exceeds the effective scanning range of a three-dimensional laser scanning processing head, including fighter radome, ship hull Shells, automotive interior panels, turbine blades, and mold surfaces. The high-precision rotating B-axis refers to the rotating axis with a repeatability of 4", which controls the direction of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head together with the swinging A-axis, so that the processing head is aligned with the normal direction of the processing area.

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device is characterized by comprising N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units and a high-precision rotating table for placing a large complex surface workpiece to be processed, wherein the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units are circumferentially arranged around the high-precision rotating table, the effective processing height of each '5+3' axis laser scanning processing unit is different, the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units are circumferentially arranged from high to low according to the effective processing height, the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units are controlled by an external industrial personal computer to process,

when in work, the processing area is divided into N annular zones according to latitude along the generatrix of the large complex curved surface workpiece to be processed, N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units are respectively responsible for processing one annular zone, N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units simultaneously and cooperatively scan and process, thus completing the processing and manufacturing of the microstructure graph of the large complex curved surface workpiece,

the machining area of the large complex curved surface workpiece is at least one square meter, the effective machining height of the ' 5+3 ' axis laser scanning machining unit refers to the height range of the laser beam for laser machining, the height is determined by taking the base as a starting point, and the high-precision rotary table refers to the rotary table with repeated positioning precision reaching 4 '.

2. The free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device according to claim 1, wherein each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit comprises a base, an XYZ high-precision three-dimensional moving table, a high-precision rotating B-axis, a swinging a-axis and a three-dimensional laser scanning processing head, wherein the XYZ high-precision three-dimensional moving table is arranged on the base and is used for realizing linear motion in three directions of x, y and Z, the high-precision rotating B-axis is arranged on a Z-axis of the XYZ high-precision three-dimensional moving table and is used for realizing 360 DEG rotation, the swinging a-axis is arranged on the high-precision rotating B-axis and is used for realizing +/-90 DEG swinging, and the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head is arranged on the swinging a-axis and is used for realizing laser scanning processing.

3. The free-form surface multi-laser machining table co-machining apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the bases are made of granite, and each granite base has a different height, which is determined according to a height of a large complex curved surface workpiece to be machined and a predetermined effective machining height, which is uniformly arranged along an outer circumference of the high-precision rotary table.

4. The free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device according to claim 3, wherein the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head comprises an optical fiber laser, an optical path component, a three-dimensional scanning component, a positioning detection module, a protection dust hood, an automatic focusing module and an optical handle joint, wherein the optical fiber laser is used for outputting pulse laser beams with set wavelengths, the optical path component is arranged in the emergent light direction of the optical fiber laser and is used for carrying out beam expansion collimation on the pulse laser beams, the three-dimensional scanning component is used for receiving the pulse laser beams subjected to beam expansion collimation and focusing the pulse laser beams, and is also used for controlling the focused laser beams to carry out three-dimensional curved surface scanning processing on a workpiece with a large complex curved surface to be processed, the protection dust hood is arranged behind the three-dimensional scanning component and concentric and coaxial with the emergent laser beams and is used for blocking smoke, the positioning detection module is arranged on the side surface of the protection dust hood and is used for accurately positioning the position of the large complex curved surface to be processed on a processing platform, the automatic focusing module is arranged on the side surface of the protection dust hood and is used for ensuring that laser focuses are always positioned on a processing surface, and the optical handle joint is arranged on two sides of a three-dimensional laser scanning processing head shell and is used for realizing rotation of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head.

5. The free-form surface multi-laser processing table collaborative processing device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the three-dimensional scanning assembly comprises a dynamic focusing module, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and a scanning focusing field lens, wherein the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer is arranged in the emergent light direction of the dynamic focusing module, the scanning focusing field lens is arranged in the emergent light direction of the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer,

the dynamic focusing module is used for adjusting the position of a focused laser focus along the z direction, and is also used for being matched with the automatic focusing module so as to ensure that the laser focus is always positioned on the processing surface of a large-scale complex curved surface workpiece to be processed, the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer is used for controlling the moving track of the laser beam focused by the scanning focusing field lens on the x and y planes, and the dynamic focusing module is also used for being matched with the dynamic focusing module so as to realize the scanning processing of the three-dimensional curved surface.

6. The machining method of the free-form surface multi-laser machining table collaborative machining device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that a large complex curved surface workpiece to be machined is fixed on a high-precision rotary table, machining areas are divided into N machining areas according to different latitudes along a bus of the large complex curved surface workpiece to be machined, a laser scanning machining head of each '5+3' axis laser scanning machining unit is responsible for scanning machining of one machining area, effective machining heights of a plurality of '5+3' axis laser scanning machining units are matched with machining areas with different latitudes, and N '5+3' axis laser scanning machining units are synchronously collaborative in positioning and scanning machining to finish machining and manufacturing of microstructure patterns of the large complex curved surface workpiece.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each processing area is subdivided according to an effective processing range of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit to obtain a plurality of processed curved surface pieces, the plurality of processed curved surface pieces in each processing area are made to have a size not larger than an effective processing range of the corresponding "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit, and each curved surface piece is subdivided according to an effective scanning processing range of a three-dimensional scanning component of each "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit to obtain curved surface pieces, and each curved surface piece is made to have a size not larger than an effective scanning processing range of a three-dimensional scanning component of the corresponding "5+3" axis laser scanning processing unit.

8. The method of processing a free-form surface multi-laser processing station co-processing apparatus according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:

s1: the three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads in each '5+3' axis laser scanning processing unit are rotated with high precision, moved to the center of the first curved surface block of the first curved surface piece of the corresponding processing area, and the optical axis of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads is overlapped with the normal line of the geometric center of the curved surface block,

s2: simultaneously starting three-dimensional laser scanning processing heads of N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units, respectively starting scanning processing of the corresponding first curved surface blocks by the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units,

s3: after the scanning processing of any one of the curved surface blocks is finished, the laser scanning processing unit of the '5+3' axis corresponding to the curved surface block turns off the laser source, moves the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head to the center of the second curved surface block of the first curved surface sheet, enables the optical axis of the three-dimensional laser scanning processing head to coincide with the normal line of the geometric center of the second curved surface block, starts the laser three-dimensional scanning processing of the second curved surface block until the laser scanning processing head gradually scans and processes the last curved surface block in the first curved surface sheet, so as to finish the processing of the first curved surface sheet,

s4: after the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units finish the processing of the corresponding first curved surface piece, the laser sources of all the N '5+3' axis laser scanning processing units are closed, and meanwhile, a high-precision rotary table is started to drive the processed large complex curved surface workpiece to rotate by an angle, so that the center of the second curved surface piece in N different latitude processing sections corresponds to the center of the three-dimensional scanning processing head of the corresponding '5+3' axis laser scanning processing unit,

s5: sequentially repeating the steps S2 and S3 until the second curved surface piece of each processing area is processed,

s6: and (5) repeating the step (S5) until all the curved surface sheets of all the N processing areas with different latitudes are processed.

Images