CN116034923B - Oyster fattening method partially replacing marine microorganism algae for manual intervention - Google Patents
Oyster fattening method partially replacing marine microorganism algae for manual intervention Download PDFInfo
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- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000193171 Clostridium butyricum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oyster cultivation, in particular to a method for manually interfering with oyster fattening by using partial replacement marine microorganism algae, which has high utilization rate of the bait, does not spoil water quality, can remarkably improve the fertility of the oyster, and is characterized in that taro powder is used as one of main components of fattening bait, the taro powder is rich in protein and starch required by the oyster, the physical characteristics of long-time suspension of raw taro powder with average grain diameter of about 20 mu m are utilized, the high-efficiency ingestion of the solid oyster is ensured, compared with the traditional aquatic bait, the bait can be suspended in water for a long time, the utilization rate of the bait is high, the water spoilage caused by the surplus bait is avoided, and the fattening effect is remarkably superior to the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine organism oyster cultivation, in particular to a method for manually intervening oyster fattening by partially replacing marine microorganism algae, which has high utilization rate of substitute bait and can not spoil water quality and remarkably improve oyster fertility.
Background
Oyster, also called oyster, etc., is cultivated artificially in Guangxi, guangdong, fujian, jiangsu, shandong and Liaoning of China, and is a marine product variety supplied in the world in the first marine product market. However, due to the large amount of cultivation in recent years and the increased density, the product fullness of the oyster main production area is not satisfactory, and the annual gapless supply market cannot be achieved. The oyster is mainly cultivated by raft type cage, and the seedling is put in a natural sea area and grows and breeds by taking bathes and organic scraps in seawater.
Oyster belongs to a solid living being, and one month of seedlings only need to be attached to rocks, cement, plastic floats or other shells and cannot move for the whole life, so that the oyster cannot move to ingest, algae or organic scraps are brought to the mouth of the oyster by the flow of seawater, the oyster swings with cilia, and bathes and organic scraps in the seawater are filtered and eaten. The oyster filter feed particles are very small, and the existing literature records that in order to solve the problem of artificial fattening of adult oysters, according to the existing literature and technology, the following methods are generally adopted: firstly, cooked bean flour, corn flour and sweet potato flour are used as substitute bait to be fed through a 200-mesh silk screen. However, the method has extremely high energy consumption, the feed can generate precipitation, the feed utilization value is extremely low, further fat is separated out to spoil the water quality, and the feed cost is high. Secondly, artificially breeding algae, such as Jin Zao spirulina platensis, chlorella and the like, and feeding the algae. However, according to practical measurement and calculation, the method needs to build a huge algae breeding pond, and according to the practical measurement and calculation, 5000 jin of adult oyster feed required in one day needs a 1200 cube breeding pond to propagate algae feed, and the foundation and the field required by the bait propagation are huge, so that the cost is increased, and the two conditions are not suitable for large-scale artificial fattening.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the artificial fattening method for the marine oyster, which has high bait utilization rate, does not spoil water quality and can remarkably improve the fertility of the oyster.
The invention is achieved by the following measures:
a method for manually interfering oyster fattening by partially replacing marine microorganism algae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing fattening bait:
step 1-1: peeling raw taro, crushing in a crusher, filtering in a layered manner, and sieving with a 300-mesh silk sieve to obtain taro powder bait;
step 1-2: taking soybean meal obtained after high-temperature leaching and oil extraction of soybeans, and crushing the soybean meal to 800 meshes to obtain soybean meal bait;
step 1-3: mixing algae with seawater, wherein the algae content in the mixed solution is not less than 2.5X10 6 Obtaining algae bait by single algae per liter;
step 1-4: taking a bait additive, wherein the bait additive comprises fresh animal blood, clostridium butyricum and a food mother;
step 1-5: mixing taro powder bait, bean pulp bait, algae bait and bait additive;
step 2: adjusting the feeding density: the oyster to be fattened is set according to the density of 50 kg per cubic water culture, and the water temperature is controlled to be more than 5 ℃;
step 3: feeding baits, namely mixing the fattening baits obtained in the step 1 with seawater to prepare mixed suspension, feeding by utilizing atomized spray, continuously feeding for 7 hours in the daytime, continuously feeding for 8 hours at night, and continuously feeding for 8-10 days.
In the invention, the feeding proportion of taro powder bait, bean pulp bait and algae bait is 5 parts of the grain number: 3 parts of particle count: 2 parts of particles are fed with a feeding frequency of 1m 3 The density of bait particles in sea water is not more than 2.5×10 9 And (5) setting.
The blood of the new fresh animals in the fattening feed is chicken blood or pig blood or sheep blood, and the blood is 1m 3 The seawater is fed in proportion of 50g of fresh animal blood.
Clostridium butyricum in the fattening feed of the invention is 1m 3 2 milliliters of high-density clostridium butyricum solution is added into seawater, wherein the high-density clostridium butyricum solution refers to a bacterial solution with the bacterial strain density not lower than 1600 ten thousand/milliliter.
The weight of the jellyfish in the fattening feed is 5g/1m 3 The proportion of seawater is added.
In the step 3 of the invention, the method also comprises the step of introducing carbon dioxide CO into the culture water 2 CO of carbon dioxide 2 As the gas fertilizer input, the intake of oyster in the culture water body can be improved, and the fattening efficiency is improved.
According to the invention, taro powder is used as one of main components of fattening bait, the taro powder is rich in protein and starch required by oyster, and the physical characteristics that raw taro powder with the average grain diameter of about 20 mu m can suspend for a long time are utilized, so that the high-efficiency ingestion of solid oyster is ensured, specifically: the raw taro powder particles with the average particle size of about 20 mu m not only have the characteristic of long-term suspension in water, but also can support micro-scale bean pulp baits by virtue of the absorption effect of the raw taro powder particles, compared with the traditional aquatic baits, the bait for fattening can be ensured to suspend in water for a long time, the utilization rate of the baits is high, the water is not spoiled due to surplus precipitation of the baits, and the fattening effect is obviously superior to the prior art.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to examples.
Example 1: the suspension characteristics of different baits in water are examined in this example:
because oyster's solid nature of living can not remove by oneself, and the bait requirement that needs can suspend in water, and its particle diameter that can filter the food is at most 70 microns, and the best filter the food particle diameter below 25 microns, therefore fattening bait need have the characteristic of long-time suspension, the suspension characteristic investigation analysis of this application fattening bait is as follows:
experimental conditions:
in a clear room without direct sunlight, three experimental transparent water tanks are arranged: 25X 16X 17cm (length, width and height), water was filled into the water tanks, scales were respectively provided in the water tanks, and three samples were prepared:
sample one: 30g of bean pulp bait powder (after passing through a 600-mesh silk screen), putting into a water tank for 50min, 120min and 240min, and observing the state of mixed liquid in the water tank;
sample II: 20g of fresh taro powder (after passing through a 300-mesh silk screen), putting into a water tank for 50min, 120min and 240min, and observing the state of mixed liquid in the water tank;
sample III: 10g of bean pulp powder (passing through a 600-mesh silk screen) and 20g of fresh taro powder (passing through a 300-mesh silk screen), putting into a water tank for 50min, 120min and 240min, and observing the state of the mixed liquid in the water tank;
sequentially putting a first sample, a second sample and a third sample into three experimental transparent water tanks respectively, and recording the layering conditions of mixed solutions in the water tanks as follows:
TABLE 1 Mixed liquid State in Water tank
According to the table, after pure fresh taro powder is put into a water tank, for example, a second sample is a uniformly distributed suspension, the transmittance of water solution in the water tank is consistent and poor, scale marks of a graduated scale in the water tank are invisible, after the water tank is sequentially kept stand for 50min, 120min and 240min, the water in the water tank is not layered, the bottom of the water tank is not precipitated, and therefore the second sample can form a stable suspension within 4 hours and has good suspension characteristics;
the method is characterized in that a sample is put into a water tank by adopting bean pulp powder (after passing through a 600-mesh silk screen), after the sample is put into the water tank, the bean pulp particles absorb water and sink rapidly within a few minutes, a sedimentation layer is formed at the bottom of the water tank after the sample is placed for 50 minutes, the water above the sedimentation layer is basically clear, the scale of a graduated scale arranged in the water tank is clear, the water above the sedimentation layer is basically free of bait particles, the light transmittance is good, after the sample is kept for 120 minutes and 240 minutes, the layering condition of the water is clearer, the scale mark of the graduated scale in the water above the sedimentation layer is clear, the suspension effect of the bait of the sample in water is poor, the sedimentation rate is high, the time for ingestion of oyster is shorter after the bait is singly put into the water, and the oyster fattening requirement is not met;
10g of bean pulp powder (passing through a 600-mesh silk screen) and 20g of fresh taro powder (passing through a 300-mesh silk screen) are jointly put into a water tank, after bait particles fully absorb water, the bait particles stand for 50min, a precipitation layer is arranged at the bottom of the water after standing for 50min, the water above the precipitation layer has poor light transmittance, the scale marks of a scale in the water are invisible, after standing for 120min and 240min, the thickness of the precipitation layer is not obviously increased, and the scale marks in the water are invisible, which indicates that the quantity of suspended particles in the water solution is large, and the suspension characteristic of the bait is good;
in the example, a model wgz-2000 turbidity meter (measurement range 0-4000, turbidity range of common tap water: 2-3, and turbidity of sea water: more than 10) is simultaneously adopted to measure turbidity of water in the water tanks respectively put into the first sample, the second sample and the third sample, wherein 4 sampling points are arranged along the height of the water tank, and are respectively at 0.5cm, 5cm, 10cm and 15cm of the height of the water tank, and turbidity data in the water tank in the first sample are as follows:
table 2 turbidity of the water tank in sample one
TABLE 3 turbidity conditions of water tank in sample two
Table 4 turbidity conditions of the Water tank in sample three
In the third sample, the selected raw taro powder particles passing through the 300-mesh silk screen can obviously improve the suspension time of the bean pulp bait particles, so that the suspension time of the bait in the water body can be effectively improved.
Example 2: the example further carries out sedimentation layer drying weighing treatment on three samples and three water tanks in the example 1 so as to examine the utilization rate of the corresponding baits:
and extracting liquid above the deposition layers of the three water tanks respectively put into the first sample, the second sample and the third sample, and drying and weighing the deposition layers, wherein the drying and weighing of the deposition layer of the first sample is 23.4g, and the drying and weighing of the deposition layer of the third sample is 2.3g, which means that taro powder particles in the third sample can improve the suspension effect of bean pulp particles, obviously reduce the sedimentation of the bean pulp bait particles, and further improve the utilization rate of fattening bait.
In the example, the third sample is further put into a water tank containing the live oysters to be fattened, and the deposition of oyster excreta below the water body is obvious, so that the oyster ingestion is good and the fattening requirement is met.
Example 3: in the example, a manual intervention fattening bait for marine organism oysters and a fattening method are provided, a oyster weighing and sorting machine is utilized to take 300 oysters with the weight of 150g-175g in total, and fattening control experiments are carried out:
firstly, taking 100 oysters which are not fattened, dividing each group into 20 groups according to 5 oysters, weighing the groups respectively, and then splitting the groups to calculate the meat percentage, wherein the meat percentage is obtained according to the standard of the mountain eastern province local standard DB37/T3928-2020 about the geographical mark product, namely the nissan oysters, according to the following formula: p=w1/W, where P is the rate of meat emergence, W1 is the weight g of the software after dissection, W is the total weight g of a single oyster;
TABLE 5 Carnis Ostreae yield before fattening
The second batch of 100 animals was divided into 20 groups of 5 animals each, and after fattening for 8 days, meat percentage was calculated by weighing and splitting each time as shown in table 6:
table 6 meat yield after 8 days of fattening
The third 100 oysters in the same batch are divided into 20 groups according to 5 oysters in each group, and after the oysters are continuously fattened for 15 days, the oysters are respectively weighed and then split, so that the meat percentage is calculated as shown in table 7:
table 7 meat yield after 15 days of fattening
It can be seen that the meat yield of oyster before fattening is below 14.2%, the meat yield and fertility standard of the oyster is far less than 15%, and the oyster to be fattened is fattened for 8 days continuously: firstly, in a fixed water body or an artificial pool in an intertidal zone or coastal, placing oyster to be fattened in the fixed water body or the artificial fattened pool, and then preparing fattened baits: the fattening bait consists of taro powder bait, bean pulp bait, algae bait and bait additive, wherein the taro powder bait comprises the following components: bean pulp bait: the algae bait is fed in a proportion of 5:3:2 based on the parts by weight of the particles, wherein fresh chicken blood or pig blood or sheep blood is adopted as fresh animal blood in the bait additive, and 1m of the fresh animal blood is fed in 3 Feeding the seawater in a proportion of 50g of fresh animal blood; clostridium butyricum in fattening feed is 1m in weight 3 Adding 2 milliliters of high-density clostridium butyricum solution into seawater, wherein the high-density clostridium butyricum solution refers to a bacterial solution with the bacterial strain density not lower than 1600 ten thousand/milliliter; the weight of the jellyfish in the fattening feed is 5g/1m 3 Adding the proportion of seawater; raw taro powder bait in the embodiment is peeled, crushed in a crusher, layered and filtered, and obtained through a 300-mesh silk screen 1, wherein the raw taro powder bait is crushed through the 300-mesh silk screen 1, the minimum grain diameter reaches 1 mu m, the average grain diameter of the taro powder bait is not more than 20 mu m, and other bait grains can be efficiently adsorbed by virtue of fibers contained in the taro powder, so that the overall suspension period of fattening bait is improved, and the fattening bait can be ingested by oysters; the feeding mode of the fattening baits in the example is as follows: atomizing and spraying fattening bait to a oyster feeding pool with the density of 50 kg per cubic water, controlling the water temperature in the pool to be more than 5 ℃, feeding the fattening bait according to the feeding frequency of every 7 hours in the daytime, and halving the feeding frequency at night so as to ensure that the peak value of the density of bait particles in a culture water body is not more than 2.5 multiplied by 10 9 /m 3 And go intoOne step, introducing air fertilizer carbon dioxide into the culture water, wherein the input amount is 0.5 to 3 cubes of the air fertilizer per cube of seawater per day, and if the air fertilizer is not required to be introduced in summer;
after fattening for 8 days, the meat yield reaches 14.5% -15.1%, the meat yield is obviously increased, after further continuous fattening for 15 days, the meat yield reaches more than 15%, the meat yield of the fattened oyster can reach 15% -15.8%, the meat yield is effectively increased by more than 1%, and the oyster fattening requirement can be met.
Example 4: the feeding bait in the example is selected from bean pulp bait and algae bait in a weight ratio of 3:2, and a bait additive and a gas fertilizer are added into the culture water body according to the feeding mode, the feeding frequency and the feeding ratio of the example 1;
experiments prove that the soybean meal bait in the embodiment is settled by more than 80% within 1 hour, the bait forms a clear layered structure in water, and a remarkable soybean meal bait settlement layer 3 exists at the bottom of the container, so that the oyster cannot efficiently ingest the soybean meal bait, the fattening effect is poor, and the water is easy to spoil due to the soybean meal bait deposition.
Example 5: the feeding bait of the example is prepared from taro powder bait and algae bait in a weight ratio of 5:2, and a bait additive and a gas fertilizer are added into the culture water body according to the feeding mode, the feeding frequency and the feeding ratio of the example 1;
experiments prove that the taro powder bait is always in a suspension state within 2 hours, the sedimentation is less than 5%, and the oyster can fully ingest the taro powder bait, but the ideal fertility of the oyster cannot be achieved within a fattening period of 15 days due to the low protein content of the taro powder bait.
Compared with the traditional aquatic bait, the bait can be suspended in the water body for a long time, the utilization rate of the bait is high, the water body is not spoiled due to surplus bait, and the fattening effect is obviously better than that of the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manually interfering oyster fattening by partially replacing marine microorganism algae is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1: preparing fattening bait:
step 1-1: peeling raw taro, crushing in a crusher, filtering in a layered manner, and sieving with a 300-mesh silk sieve to obtain taro powder bait;
step 1-2: taking soybean meal obtained after high-temperature leaching and oil extraction of soybeans, and crushing the soybean meal to 800 meshes to obtain soybean meal bait;
step 1-3: mixing algae with seawater, wherein the algae content in the mixed solution is not less than 2.5X10 6 Obtaining algae bait by single algae per liter;
step 1-4: taking a bait additive, wherein the bait additive comprises fresh animal blood, clostridium butyricum and a food mother;
step 1-5: mixing taro powder bait, bean pulp bait, algae bait and bait additive;
step 2: adjusting the feeding density: the oyster to be fattened is set according to the density of 50 kg per cubic water culture, and the water temperature is controlled to be more than 5 ℃;
step 3: feeding baits, namely mixing the fattening baits obtained in the step 1 with seawater to prepare mixed suspension, feeding by utilizing atomized spray, continuously feeding for 7 hours in the daytime, continuously feeding for 8 hours at night, and continuously feeding for 8-15 days; the feeding proportion of the taro powder bait, the bean pulp bait and the algae bait is 5 parts of the grain number: 3 parts of particle count: 2 parts of particles are fed with a feeding frequency of 1m 3 The density of bait particles in sea water is not more than 2.5×10 9 And (5) setting.
2. The method for fattening oyster by partially replacing marine microorganism algae manual intervention according to claim 1, wherein the fresh animal blood in the fattening feed is chicken blood or pig blood or sheep blood, and the total weight of the fattening feed is 1m 3 The seawater is fed in proportion of 50g of fresh animal blood.
3. The method for fattening oyster by partially replacing marine microorganism algae manual intervention according to claim 1, wherein clostridium butyricum in fattening feed is 1m 3 2 ml of high-density clostridium butyricum solution is added into seawater, wherein the high-density clostridium butyricum solution refers to that the strain density is not highLess than 1600 tens of thousands/ml of bacteria solution.
4. The method for fattening oyster by partially replacing marine microorganism algae manual intervention according to claim 1, wherein the fattened food is prepared from the raw food of 5g/1m 3 The proportion of seawater is added.
5. The method for fattening oyster by partially replacing marine microorganism algae manual intervention according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, carbon dioxide CO is introduced into the aquaculture water 2 CO of carbon dioxide 2 As the gas fertilizer input, the intake of oyster in the culture water body can be improved, and the fattening efficiency is improved.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310322631.4A CN116034923B (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Oyster fattening method partially replacing marine microorganism algae for manual intervention |
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| US5283059A (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1994-02-01 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing a stabilized store-forming viable microorganisms preparation containing Bacillus cereus |
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| CN114009381B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-12 | 山东履信思源防伪技术有限公司 | Land fattening method for triploid oyster |
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| CN114847200A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 集美大学 | Ground-based fattening method for oysters rich in carotenoids |
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| 添加不同种类的粘合剂对微颗粒饲料物理性状及大菱鲆稚鱼生长状况的影响;陈笑冰;王小洁;麦康森;艾庆辉;张文兵;马洪明;徐玮;刘付治国;;饲料工业(第10期);第6-10页 * |
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