CN116025355A - Coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and in particular provides a coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams. This coal mining method adopts two coal mining machines with front power and long-arm box as coal mining equipment, and carries out push-type coal mining on extremely thin coal seams. The mining zones are parallel to each other, and one coal mining machine is used to complete a mining zone. After the coal mining work, use another shearer to construct on the adjacent coal body to open another new mining zone. With the advancement of excavation work in the new mining zone, the long arm will be withdrawn from the previous mining zone synchronously. The box body, the withdrawn long-arm box body is directly connected to the shearer in the new mining zone. In this method, the horizontal-axis drum shearer with a small drum radius is used to carry out coal mining operations. During the coal mining process, the rock wall of the extremely thin coal seam will not be damaged. The long-arm boxes are used alternately in two adjacent mining zones. A large number of long-arm boxes used in coal work will not stay concentrated in the roadway.

Description

A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and in particular provides a coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams.

Background technique

In terms of industrial production, coal is the main energy source in my country. Coal seams mined by underground operations are thin coal seams with a thickness of less than 1.3m, and extremely thin coal seams with a thickness of less than 0.9m.

At present, for the mining of thin coal seams, when the coal seam has a soft rock roof or a soft rock floor, most mines will choose to increase the mining height and cut the top or bottom of the fully mechanized mining technology and equipment for mining. Abrasion, material consumption and raw coal washing costs, but the overall process technology is mature and the cost is predictable, so most enterprises are more likely to accept this mining plan.

Common shearers include drum shearers, plows and auger shearers.

Among them, when using drum shearers and coal plows to mine thin coal seams, the thickness of the thin coal seam is smaller than the mining scale of the mining equipment. Increased gangue rate, serious equipment loss, and substantial increase in washing costs, etc.;

The auger shearer is a coal mining equipment capable of mining extremely thin coal seams. However, the drilling process is easily affected by different geological conditions, the gravity of the drill bit and the drill pipe, and the unbalanced moment, so that the drill bit and the drill pipe are often deflected during the drilling process, which limits the drilling depth; the loading and unloading of the drill pipe takes time It is longer, which seriously affects the coal mining efficiency; when drilling, it is necessary to leave a small coal pillar according to the roof situation between the drilling holes, the mining width is small, and the mining efficiency and resource recovery rate are low; The disaster prevention and control measures are not perfect, and the safety standard has been cancelled.

Therefore, the thin coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining equipment currently in use can only be adapted to coal seam mining with a mining height greater than 0.9m, and the working conditions are difficult. Even if the intelligent control mining technology is adopted, personnel still need to enter the working face for maintenance or accident handling. Moreover, the rate of mining accidents increases, material consumption increases, mining costs and washing costs increase significantly, and economic benefits are low. Comprehensive mechanized mining cannot be used for coal seams with hard roof and floor thickness less than 0.85m, even if high-grade general mining technology is used, it is only suitable for coal seams above 0.7m; for coal-deficient areas or small mines mining rare coal types, the mining height is less than 0.7 m thick coal seam, can only adopt the original way of blasting and dropping coal, and artificially extracting coal.

In summary, it is imminent to develop a complete set of thin and ultra-thin coal seam intelligent mining technology and equipment for the mining of coal seams with hard roof and floor conditions or extremely thin coal seams, especially to solve the problem of mining protective layers under the conditions of coal seam hard roof and floor floors.

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams.

Contents of the invention

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, using two power front shearers and a long-arm box as coal mining equipment, in the extremely thin coal seam Push-type coal mining is carried out above, and the mining belts are parallel to each other. After one coal mining machine is used to complete the coal mining work of one mining belt, another coal mining machine is used to construct on the adjacent coal body, and another new mining belt is opened. With the advancement of excavation work in the new mining zone, the long-arm box is withdrawn from the previous mining zone synchronously, and the withdrawn long-arm box is directly connected to the shearer in the new mining zone;

The concrete steps of this coal mining method are as follows:

Step 1. Opening the sidewalk metal mesh of the roadway;

Step 2, do the preparatory work before the coal mining construction;

Step 3, carry out the excavation work of the first mining zone, when the shearer advances to the maximum stroke, the excavation work of the first mining zone ends;

Step 4, after the excavation work of the first mining zone is finished, carry out the excavation work of the second mining zone;

Step 5, withdraw the first coal mining machine, move the rail transport equipment, prepare to carry out the coal mining operation of the next mining zone, and process the goaf of the first mining zone;

Step 6, repeatedly implementing steps 4 and 5 until all the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed.

Further, in step 1, the specific method of opening the side mesh of the roadway is: cutting an opening on the side metal mesh of the roadway.

Further, in step 2, the preparation work before coal mining construction is as follows: move the rail transportation equipment to the opening, lay the transfer machine along the direction of the roadway on the side of the roadway close to the side of the mining roadway, and use the spreader to move the The first shearer is hoisted to the opening position, and the angle of the shearer is adjusted.

Further, in step 3, the specific process for excavating the first mining zone is: start the first shearer, and the first shearer advances along the current mining zone;

At the same time, the long-arm box is transported into the roadway, and as the first shearer advances, the long-arm box is docked joint by joint at the tail of the first shearer.

Further, in step 4, the specific process for excavating the second mining zone is: after completing the excavation of the first mining zone, repeat the opening process in step 1, and call the second shearer to carry out the second mining operation. Excavation work for a mining strip;

Start the second shearer, and the second shearer advances along the current mining zone;

At the same time, the long-arm box in the first mining zone is withdrawn, and the withdrawn long-arm box is docked to the tail of the second shearer.

Further, in step 4, before the excavation work of the second mining zone starts, the long-arm box body in the first mining zone is withdrawn from one section for standby.

Further, in step five, the goaf is treated by plugging and grouting.

Further, in step 6, after the mining of the ultra-thin coal seam is completed, the shearer and the long-arm box are all withdrawn from the roadway, and the final processing of the goaf is completed.

The beneficial effect of using the present invention is:

In this method, the horizontal axis drum shearer with a small drum radius is used to carry out coal mining operations, and the rock wall of the extremely thin coal seam will not be damaged during the coal mining process, thereby avoiding a large amount of gangue mining, an increase in the mining coal gangue content rate, and serious equipment loss , The cost of washing and washing has increased significantly;

The long-arm boxes are used alternately in two adjacent mining belts. A large number of long-arm boxes used in coal mining work will not stay in the roadway, avoiding a large amount of long-arm boxes occupying the roadway space and affecting other work. , and even pose a safety hazard.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the axial schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the side of the road and the metal mesh of the side of the road in the A-A direction in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the alternate coal mining working state in the B-B direction in Fig. 1 .

The reference signs include: 1-roadway; 101-metal mesh on the side of the road; 2-rock mass; 3-extremely thin coal seam; 301-mining zone; 302-coal pillar; 401-rail transport equipment; 402-long arm box; 403-the first shearer; 404-the second shearer; P-the inclination direction of the coal seam; Q-the direction along the roadway.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figures 1-3, the roadway 1 is the working space for construction, the very thin coal seam 3 is the coal mine reservoir to be excavated, and the upper and lower sides of the very thin coal seam 3 are rock masses 2. A roadside metal mesh 101 for support is built on the top;

The mining zone 301 is the strip-shaped space left on the coal body during the coal mining operation. When the coal mining operation of the current mining zone 301 is completed and the shearer withdraws from the mining zone 301, the mining zone 301 is classified as Goaf;

The mining equipment mainly includes rail transportation equipment 401, long-arm box 402 and two shearers, and a track for the rail transportation equipment 401 is laid in the roadway 1;

Rail transport equipment 401 is mainly composed of rail cars and two sets of propulsion mechanisms;

The long-arm box 402 is mainly composed of two screw conveying rods and a steel box, and the multi-section long-arm boxes 402 can be connected end to end;

The coal shearer is mainly composed of a machine head, a fuselage and a traveling mechanism. The machine head is a cutting device, and the fuselage is a conveying device. The traveling mechanism is assembled at the bottom of the machine head and the fuselage to provide power for driving the shearer. , the fuselage can be docked with the long arm box 402 to form a continuous conveying mechanism;

Preferably, the shearer adopts a horizontal-axis drum structure, the width of the machine head is 2400 mm, the diameter of the cutting head is 500 mm, and the cutting head is provided with a height-adjusting oil cylinder, and the adjustable range is 500 mm to 1200 mm.

A coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, the concrete steps comprising:

Step 1, cut an opening in the roadside metal mesh 101 of the roadway 1, and this opening is the opening of the mining zone 301;

The height of the roadside metal mesh 101 is cut to be greater than the thickness of the coal seam, and the width of the cut is to be greater than the width of the shearer head;

Step 2: Move the rail transportation equipment 401 to the opening, lay the reloader along the direction Q along the roadway 1 on the side of the roadway 1 close to the side of the mining roadway, and lift the first coal shearer 403 to the opening by means of a hoist Location;

Adjust the angle of the fuselage to ensure that when the first shearer 403 is in operation, the propulsion direction is consistent with the inclination direction P of the coal seam.

Step 3, start the first coal mining machine 403, and carry out the excavation work of the first mining zone;

During the excavation process, with the advancement of the first shearer 403, the long-arm boxes 402 are transported into the roadway 1 one by one by the spreader, and the long-arm box 402 is connected to the tail of the first shearer 403 by using a propulsion mechanism. Docking (when the long arm box 402 is docked, the first shearer 403 temporarily stops running);

The coal cut by the first shearer 403 from the extremely thin coal seam 3 is transported to the opening of the mining belt 301 through the fuselage of the first shearer 403 or the long-arm box 402, and the coal body falls on the transfer machine, and then passes through the The transfer machine transports the coal body to the belt conveyor laid in the roadway, and finally transports it to the coal bunker in the mining area;

The excavation depth needs to be determined according to the coal seam and the surrounding geological environment. After the first coal shearer 403 excavates to the specified depth, it stops to complete the excavation work of the first mining zone 301 .

Step 4, carry out the excavation work of the second mining zone;

Repeat step 1, cut the opening of the second mining belt on the side of the roadway along the first mining belt, and then lift the second coal shearer 404 to the opening position by the sling;

Start the second shearer 404 to implement the excavation of the second mining zone;

According to the excavation speed of the second mining zone, synchronously exit the long-arm box 402 in the first mining zone, and dock the withdrawn long-arm box 402 to the tail of the second shearer 404;

When the excavation work of the second mining zone is finished, all the long-arm boxes 402 in the first mining zone are withdrawn and assembled into the second mining zone;

Before the excavation work of the second mining zone starts, the long-arm box body 402 in the first mining zone is withdrawn by one section, so as to ensure the smoothness of the docking operation of the long-arm box body 402 .

Step 5, withdrawing the first coal mining machine 403, moving the rail transport equipment 401, and processing the goaf;

After the excavation work in the second mining zone is completed, the first coal mining machine 403 in the first mining zone is withdrawn, and the rail transport equipment 401 moves along the roadway direction Q for a distance of one coal mining machine position, and then passes through the spreader Move the first coal mining machine 403 from one side of the second mining belt to the other side of the second mining belt, repeat the coal mining operation process of the second mining belt in step 4 and the docking of the long arm box 402 procedures to carry out the excavation of the third mining zone;

The mined-out area is treated by plugging and grouting.

Step 6, repeat the operation of step 5 repeatedly, and continue to excavate a plurality of mining zones 301 until all the mining work of the ultra-thin coal seam 3 is completed;

After the mining of the extremely thin coal seam 3 is completed, the two shearers and all long-arm casings 402 are withdrawn, and the shearer and the long-arm casing 402 are transported out of the roadway by cooperating with a spreader and a rail car.

During the coal mining operation, it should be noted that coal pillars 302 are left between two adjacent mining zones 301;

The width of the coal pillar is not less than 500mm.

The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, many changes can be made in the specific implementation and application range, as long as these changes do not depart from the concept of the present invention, all Belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, characterized by: adopting two power front-mounted coal mining machines and a long-arm box body as coal mining equipment, carrying out push-type coal mining on an extremely thin coal seam, enabling mining belts to be parallel to each other, using one coal mining machine to finish the coal mining work of one mining belt, using the other coal mining machine to construct on an adjacent coal body, starting the other new mining belt, synchronously withdrawing the long-arm box body from the previous mining belt along with the pushing of the mining work of the new mining belt, and directly butt-jointing the withdrawn long-arm box body to the coal mining machine in the new mining belt;

the coal mining method comprises the following specific steps:

step one, opening treatment is carried out on a roadway side metal net of a roadway;

step two, preparing work before coal mining construction;

thirdly, excavating the first mining belt, and ending the excavating of the first mining belt when the coal cutter is pushed to the maximum stroke;

fourthly, after the excavation work of the first mining area is finished, performing excavation work of the second mining area;

step five, withdrawing the first coal mining machine, moving the rail transportation equipment, preparing for the coal mining operation of the next mining zone, and processing the goaf of the first mining zone;

and step six, repeating the step four and the step five until all the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed.

2. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the concrete mode of opening treatment for the roadway side metal net of the roadway is as follows: and cutting an opening on the lane side metal net of the lane.

3. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the preparation work before coal mining construction specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the rail transportation equipment to an opening, paving a transfer conveyor in the roadway at one side close to the mining roadway side along the roadway direction, hoisting the first coal mining machine to the opening position through a lifting appliance, and adjusting the angle of the coal mining machine.

4. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the specific flow of the excavation work of the first mining area is as follows: starting a first coal mining machine, wherein the first coal mining machine is propelled along a current mining belt;

meanwhile, the long-arm box body is transported into the roadway, and the long-arm box body is butted section by section at the tail part of the first coal mining machine along with the propulsion of the first coal mining machine.

5. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the specific flow of the excavation work of the second mining area is as follows: after the excavation of the first mining belt is completed, repeating the opening treatment in the first step, and calling a second coal mining machine to excavate the second mining belt;

starting a second coal mining machine, wherein the second coal mining machine is propelled along the current mining belt;

at the same time, the long-arm box body in the first mining belt is withdrawn, and the withdrawn long-arm box body is butted to the tail part of the second coal mining machine.

6. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and step four, before the excavation work of the second mining belt begins, the long-arm box body in the first mining belt is withdrawn from one section for standby.

7. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, treating the goaf in a plugging grouting mode.

8. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and step six, after the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed, all the coal mining machine and the long-arm box body are withdrawn from the roadway, and the processing work of the final goaf is completed.

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