CN116025290A - Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit - Google Patents
Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116025290A CN116025290A CN202310322709.2A CN202310322709A CN116025290A CN 116025290 A CN116025290 A CN 116025290A CN 202310322709 A CN202310322709 A CN 202310322709A CN 116025290 A CN116025290 A CN 116025290A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body, a connector, blades, chip grooves and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body is arranged on the connector, the blades are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades comprise blade diameter-keeping parts, blade crown parts and cutting teeth, the chip grooves are arranged between the blades, the nozzle comprises a pressure self-adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limit nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve and a movable sliding sleeve, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and a pressure self-adaptive nozzle b according to different types of the sliding sleeve. The invention solves the technical problems of drill bit balling and junk slot balling of the traditional PDC drill bit in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of PDC drill bits, in particular to a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit.
Background
The PDC drill bit is widely used for oil and gas drilling due to faster mechanical drilling speed and longer service life, and the conventional PDC drill bit comprises a joint, a drill bit body, a fluid channel inside the body, a plurality of blades, cutting teeth brazed on the blades, chip grooves formed between the blades, and nozzles arranged in the chip grooves, wherein the nozzles are communicated with the fluid channel inside the body, and the drill bit joint is in threaded connection with an upper drill string. The drilling fluid is sprayed from the fluid channel in the drill stem through the nozzle and enters the annulus formed by the borehole and the drilling tool, and the drilling fluid is used for cooling the cutting teeth and has the functions of carrying rock and maintaining the stability of the borehole wall. In the drilling process, when a pump is stopped and a stand column is connected, drilling fluid carrying rock scraps in the well annulus is easy to flow back into a fluid channel in the drill bit body under the action of annular liquid column pressure and cannot be discharged in time when the pump is started again for circulation, so that part of nozzles are blocked, the cooling and carrying of drill bit cutting teeth are affected, drill bit balling is further initiated, and the drill bit machine speed and the service life of a drill bit are affected. On the other hand, during the drill bit is in the process of drilling, when passing through high-viscosity mudstone or long open hole section, a drill bit mud bag is easy to form in the chip groove close to the gauge position, and a drill bit nozzle is usually arranged on the body and points to the drilling direction of the borehole, so that the chip groove at the gauge position cannot be directly flushed, and when encountering the chip groove mud bag, the conventional discharge capacity improvement and flushing and throwing drilling tool combination is difficult to solve the problem of the chip groove mud bag of the drill bit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which aims to solve the technical problems that the PDC drill bit has bit balling and chip groove balling during working.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body, a connector, blades, chip grooves and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body is arranged on the connector, the blades are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades comprise blade diameter-keeping parts, blade crown parts and cutting teeth, the chip grooves are arranged between the blades, the nozzle comprises a pressure self-adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limiting nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve and a movable sliding sleeve, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and a pressure self-adaptive nozzle b according to different types of the sliding sleeve.
Specifically, use fixed sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptation nozzle a, fixed sliding sleeve installs in shell body a, and slide bar a passes fixed sliding sleeve and installs in fixed sliding sleeve, and slide bar a forms the structure that can follow the axis direction and slide with shell body a and fixed sliding sleeve, has cup jointed spring a on the slide bar a, and spring a is by limit nut a pre-compaction in fixed sliding sleeve.
Specifically, the upper end of the sliding rod a in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface a formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on the conical surface a in the nozzle shell under the action of the preload of the spring a.
Specifically, the outer shell a, the sliding rod a and the fixed sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a jointly form a pressure self-adaptive nozzle channel.
Specifically, a movable sliding sleeve is used in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b, a spring b is installed in the movable sliding sleeve, the movable sliding sleeve and the spring b are sleeved on a sliding rod b together, two end faces of the spring b are limited by the movable sliding sleeve and steps on the sliding rod b, the sliding rod b and an outer shell b can be fixedly connected with the nozzle outer shell in a threaded and welded mode, and the lower end of the sliding rod b is connected with a limiting nut b in a threaded mode.
Specifically, the movable sliding sleeve can slide along the axis direction relative to the sliding rod b, the sliding rod b is sleeved with a spring b, the spring b is preloaded in the movable sliding sleeve by a limit nut b, and a nozzle hole is formed in the top end of the sliding rod b.
Specifically, the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface b formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface b in the nozzle shell under the elastic action of a spring b.
Specifically, the outer shell b, the sliding rod b and the movable sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b jointly form a pressure self-adaptive nozzle channel.
Specifically, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle can be mounted on the PDC drill bit in a threaded connection, welding and scarf joint mode, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b can be selectively used or combined according to conditions, and the common nozzles can be used in a mixed mode.
Specifically, the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on a bit body directed downhole, or may be mounted upside down in a junk slot directed into the borehole near the gage of the blade.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects:
(1) According to the pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention, during normal drilling, only the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the bottom of a well is started by controlling the displacement and the pumping pressure, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge for removing the chip groove balling is in a locking state, when the drilling is continued after the pump is stopped and the stand column is connected, if the mechanical drilling speed is obviously reduced or the pumping pressure is increased, or the machine speed after the drill bit is drilled is obviously lower than the expected speed, the possible reasons are judged as the drill bit balling, the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column in the pipe column is increased by increasing the displacement until the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is inversely installed is started, after the drill bit is started, the chip groove balling can be effectively removed, after the balling is completed, and when the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column pressure in the pipe column is lower than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle is reduced, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge is restored to the state, so that the cutting teeth of the drill bit pointing to the bottom of the drill bit can be effectively ensured to cool and the cutting teeth of the well nozzle and the bottom of the well is protected, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
(2) The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention adopts two pressure self-adaptive nozzle mounting modes with different purposes. One is directed to the bottom hole direction, mainly used for cleaning the bottom hole and cooling the cutting teeth; the other is that the inverted installation points to the wellhead or the gauge direction, is mainly used for removing the drilling mud packet or the pump stop mud packet, can realize the self-locking nozzle when the pump stop connects the stand column, and prevents the borehole annulus drilling fluid from flowing backward into the internal flow passage of the drill string to block the nozzle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with multiple nozzles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with a pressure adaptive nozzle a mounted therein in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with a pressure adaptive nozzle b mounted thereon in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view 1 showing the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle a according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle a according to an embodiment of the present invention 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view 1 of a pressure-adaptive nozzle b according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle b according to an embodiment of the present invention 2;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a general nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-bit body, 2-joint, 3-blade, 301-blade gage, 302-blade crown, 303-cutting tooth, 4-junk slot, 5-pressure adaptive nozzle a, 501-outer housing a, 502-slide bar a, 503-fixed slide sleeve, 504-spring a, 505-limit nut a, 506-cone a, 507-cone face a, 6-pressure adaptive nozzle b, 601-outer housing b, 602-slide bar b, 603-movable slide sleeve, 604-spring b, 605-limit nut b, 606-cone face b, 607-cone face b, 608-nozzle orifice, 7-plain nozzle.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the present invention, a pressure adaptive PDC drill bit of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only of some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 8, the present invention provides a pressure adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body 1, a connector 2, blades 3, junk slots 4 and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body 1 is installed on the connector 2, the blades 3 are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades 3 comprise blade gage 301, blade crown 302 and cutting teeth 303, the junk slots 4 are positioned between the blades 3, the nozzle comprises a pressure adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle 7, the pressure adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limit nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve 503 and a movable sliding sleeve 603, the pressure adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure adaptive nozzle a5 and a pressure adaptive nozzle b6 according to different types of sliding sleeves, and the pressure adaptive nozzle can also be combined with the common nozzle 7.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, a fixed sliding sleeve 503 is used in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5, the fixed sliding sleeve 503 is installed in the outer shell a501, the sliding rod a502 passes through the fixed sliding sleeve 503 and is installed in the fixed sliding sleeve 503, the sliding rod a502, the outer shell a501 and the fixed sliding sleeve 503 form a structure capable of sliding along the axial direction, a spring a504 is sleeved on the sliding rod a502, the spring a504 is preloaded in the fixed sliding sleeve 503 by a limit nut a505, the compression degree of the spring can be changed by adjusting the position of the limit nut a505 relative to the sliding rod a502, the size of the preload of the spring is regulated, the upper end of the sliding rod a502 in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 is in an inverted cone shape, a conical surface a506 formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface a507 in the nozzle shell under the preload of the spring a504, and the outer shell a501, the sliding rod a502 and the fixed sliding sleeve 503 in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 jointly form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 6 and fig. 7, a movable sliding sleeve 603 is used in the pressure adaptive nozzle b6, a spring b604 is installed in the movable sliding sleeve 603, the movable sliding sleeve 603 and the spring b604 are sleeved on a sliding rod b602 together, two end faces of the spring b604 are limited by steps on the movable sliding sleeve 603 and the sliding rod b602, the sliding rod b602 and an outer shell b601 can be fixedly connected with a nozzle shell through threads and welding, the lower end of the sliding rod b602 is connected with a limit nut b605 through threads, the movable sliding sleeve 603 can slide relative to the sliding rod b602 along the axial direction, a spring b604 is sleeved on the sliding rod b602, the spring b604 is preloaded in the movable sliding sleeve 603 by the limit nut b605, a nozzle hole 608 is formed in the top end of the sliding rod b602, the compression degree of the spring can be changed by adjusting the position of the limit nut b605 relative to the sliding rod b602, the spring elasticity is regulated, the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve 603 is in a reverse conical shape, a conical surface b606 formed by the reverse conical structure is fixedly connected with the nozzle shell b607 under the elasticity of the spring b607, and the pressure adaptive nozzle b6 and the pressure adaptive nozzle b602 are jointly preloaded in the sliding rod 602.
In this embodiment, the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on the PDC drill bit by screwing, welding or scarfing, the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 and the pressure adaptive nozzle b6 may be selectively used or combined according to the situation, or the common nozzle 7 may be used in a mixed manner, and the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on the drill bit body 1 pointing to the bottom of the well, or may be mounted in the junk slot 4 pointing to the well hole near the blade gage 301 in an inverted manner.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention has a self-locking function, and can be started only when the pressure of the liquid column in the drill string is higher than the pressure of the annular liquid column and the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the pressure self-adaptive nozzle. The drill bit has the beneficial effects that when the pressure difference value between the liquid column pressure in the drill column and the annular liquid column pressure is lower than the opening threshold value of the pressure self-adaptive nozzle, the nozzle is automatically locked, and the locked nozzle can prevent drilling fluid carrying rock debris from flowing backwards into the flow passage in the drill bit body to block the nozzle when the vertical column is connected. When the column is connected and the pump is started for circulation, after the pressure of the liquid column in the drill column is greater than the pressure of the liquid column in the annulus to a certain threshold value, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is automatically started, and normal drilling is realized as the conventional nozzle.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention has the advantages that the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is arranged in the chip groove and points to the wellhead direction has a higher pressure opening threshold value than the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which points to the bottom of the well, the nozzle is in a self-locking state during normal drilling, the chip groove is directly flushed by increasing the pump pressure when the pump pressure reaches the nozzle pressure opening threshold value only when the wellhead judges that the chip groove has the mud packet, the chip groove mud packet is removed, the pump pressure is reduced to be lower than the nozzle pressure opening threshold value after the mud packet is released, and the nozzle is automatically locked. The conventional drill bit is not provided with the inverted nozzle in the junk slot, and mainly because the discharge capacity reaching the bottom of the well is reduced if the junk slot nozzle is in a normally open state, the junk slot nozzle not only affects the junk slot at the bottom of the well, but also reduces the cleaning effect of the cutting teeth and affects the mechanical drilling speed.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention adopts two pressure self-adaptive nozzle mounting modes with different purposes. One is directed to the bottom hole direction, mainly used for cleaning the bottom hole and cooling the cutting teeth; the other is that the inverted installation points to the wellhead or the gauge direction, is mainly used for removing the drilling mud packet or the pump stop mud packet, can realize the self-locking nozzle when the pump stop connects the stand column, and prevents the borehole annulus drilling fluid from flowing backward into the internal flow passage of the drill string to block the nozzle.
According to the pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention, during normal drilling, only the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the bottom of a well is started by controlling the displacement and the pumping pressure, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge for removing the chip groove balling is in a locking state, when the drilling is continued after the pump is stopped and the stand column is connected, if the mechanical drilling speed is obviously reduced or the pumping pressure is increased, or the machine speed after the drill bit is drilled is obviously lower than the expected speed, the possible reasons are judged as the drill bit balling, the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column in the pipe column is increased by increasing the displacement until the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is inversely installed is started, after the drill bit is started, the chip groove balling can be effectively removed, after the balling is completed, and when the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column pressure in the pipe column is lower than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle is reduced, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge is restored to the state, so that the cutting teeth of the drill bit pointing to the bottom of the drill bit can be effectively ensured to cool and the cutting teeth of the well nozzle and the bottom of the well is protected, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
It will be understood that the invention has been described with respect to certain embodiments and that various changes and equivalents may be made to those features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a pressure self-adaptation PDC drill bit, includes bit body (1), connects (2), blade (3), junk slot (4) and nozzle, and bit body (1) is installed on connecting (2), and there is blade (3) its top, and blade (3) are including blade gauge (301), blade crown (302) and cutting tooth (303), and junk slot (4) are located between blade (3), a serial communication port, the nozzle includes pressure self-adaptation nozzle and ordinary nozzle (7), pressure self-adaptation nozzle includes shell body, slide bar, sliding sleeve, spring, limit nut, and wherein the sliding sleeve divide into fixed sliding sleeve (503) and movable sliding sleeve (603), and according to the sliding sleeve type difference, pressure self-adaptation nozzle divide into pressure self-adaptation nozzle a (5) and pressure self-adaptation nozzle b (6).
2. The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, wherein a fixed sliding sleeve (503) is used in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a (5), the fixed sliding sleeve (503) is installed in the outer shell a (501), a sliding rod a (502) penetrates through the fixed sliding sleeve (503) and is installed in the fixed sliding sleeve (503), the sliding rod a (502), the outer shell a (501) and the fixed sliding sleeve (503) form a structure capable of sliding along the axial direction, a spring a (504) is sleeved on the sliding rod a (502), and the spring a (504) is preloaded in the fixed sliding sleeve (503) by a limit nut a (505).
3. The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 2, wherein the upper end of the sliding rod a (502) in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a (5) is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface a (506) formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface a (507) in the nozzle shell under the preload of the spring a (504).
4. The pressure adaptive PDC bit of claim 2 wherein the outer housing a (501), the sliding rod a (502) and the fixed sliding sleeve (503) of the pressure adaptive nozzle a (5) collectively form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel.
5. The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, wherein a movable sliding sleeve (603) is used in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b (6), a spring b (604) is installed in the movable sliding sleeve (603), the movable sliding sleeve (603) and the spring b (604) are sleeved on a sliding rod b (602) together, two end faces of the spring b (604) are limited by steps on the movable sliding sleeve (603) and the sliding rod b (602), the sliding rod b (602) and an outer shell b (601) can be fixedly connected with a nozzle shell in a threaded and welded mode, and the lower end of the sliding rod b (602) is connected with a limiting nut b (605) in a threaded mode.
6. The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit of claim 5, wherein the movable sliding sleeve (603) can slide along the axial direction relative to the sliding rod b (602), a spring b (604) is sleeved on the sliding rod b (602), the spring b (604) is preloaded in the movable sliding sleeve (603) by a limit nut b (605), and a nozzle hole (608) is formed in the top end of the sliding rod b (602).
7. The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 6, wherein the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve (603) is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface b (606) formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface b (607) in the nozzle shell under the elastic force of a spring b (604).
8. The pressure adaptive PDC bit of claim 5 wherein the outer casing b (601), sliding rod b (602) and movable sliding sleeve (603) of the pressure adaptive nozzle b (6) collectively form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel.
9. The pressure adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the pressure adaptive nozzle can be mounted on the PDC drill bit in a threaded connection, welding or embedding way, the pressure adaptive nozzle a (5) and the pressure adaptive nozzle b (6) can be selectively used or combined according to the situation, and the common nozzle (7) can also be used in a mixed mode.
10. A pressure adaptive PDC bit according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure adaptive nozzle is mountable on the downhole bit body (1) and also mountable upside down in junk slots (4) in the borehole near the blade gage (301).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310322709.2A CN116025290B (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310322709.2A CN116025290B (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit |
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| CN116025290A true CN116025290A (en) | 2023-04-28 |
| CN116025290B CN116025290B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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