CN116009247B - Design method of power beam splitter and power beam splitter - Google Patents
Design method of power beam splitter and power beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010845 search algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- AKUCEXGLFUSJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+);selenium(2-) Chemical group [Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2].[In+3].[In+3] AKUCEXGLFUSJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 46
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a power beam splitter design method and a power beam splitter, wherein the power beam splitter comprises a basal layer and a top layer which is arranged on the basal layer and is made of phase change materials; and scanning the cells sequentially, adopting a binary search algorithm to change the states of the cells sequentially, returning to the first cell after scanning all the cells, and continuing to circulate according to the original sequence until the objective function converges. The invention realizes the effect of outputting different beam splitting ratios by the power beam splitter and can regulate and control the power beam splitter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power beam splitters, and particularly relates to a power beam splitter design method and a power beam splitter.
Background
In recent years, with the development of silicon photonics and its manufacturing technology, a photonic integrated circuit has been receiving attention, and a power divider is widely used as one of the most basic power splitters in integrated photonics systems on a chip, so that more and more researchers have begun to study the power splitter, which is an integral part of an optical device, mainly to realize the function of splitting input signal energy into two or more parts, and can be divided into a grating type, a waveguide type and a bulk element type according to the implementation manner, and has a very important role in places such as interferometers, laser systems, space optical communication systems and the like.
At present, the limitation of the size of the power beam splitter and the number of the output ports makes the beam splitting function of the power beam splitter single, cannot meet various requirements, and has the problem of difficult regulation and control in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of a power beam splitter and the power beam splitter, which solve the problems of single power beam splitting and difficult regulation and control, reduce the loss of the power beam splitter and are simple to operate.
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a design method of a power beam splitter, which comprises a substrate layer and a top layer made of phase change material and arranged on the substrate layer, wherein the design method of the power beam splitter comprises the steps of dividing the top layer into areas, dividing the top layer into an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area, dividing the optimized area into a plurality of identical cells, scanning the cells in sequence, adopting a binary search algorithm to sequentially change the states of the cells, returning the first cell after scanning all the cells, and continuing to circulate according to the original sequence until an objective function converges.
Optionally, the step of sequentially changing the states of the cells by adopting a binary search algorithm comprises the steps of calculating single objective function values of the cells under the condition that the power beam splitters are of different phase change degrees, summing the single objective function values to obtain a first total objective function value, comparing the first total objective function value with a second total objective function value of the cells, and if the first total objective function value is larger than the second total objective function value, reserving a new state of the cells.
Optionally, the calculating the single objective function value of the unit cell under the condition that the power beam splitter is of different phase transition degrees comprises calculating average transmittance of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide in a preset wavelength interval, obtaining power beam splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide according to the power beam splitter being of different phase transition degrees, and calculating the single objective function value of the unit cell according to the power beam splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide.
Optionally, the power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide is one of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2.
Optionally, the calculating the single objective function value of the cells according to the power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide comprises obtaining the single objective function value of each cell through an objective function, wherein the objective function is thatWherein T 1 is the average transmittance of the first output waveguide region, T 2 is the average transmittance of the second output waveguide region, and a i and b i are the power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide.
Optionally, the power beam splitter design method further comprises monitoring and analyzing the performance of the power beam splitter.
Optionally, the monitoring and analyzing the performance of the power beam splitter includes obtaining insertion loss of the power beam splitter when the phase change material is of different phase change degrees.
Based on the same conception, the invention also provides a power beam splitter obtained by applying the design method of any one of the power beam splitters, which is characterized by comprising a substrate layer and a top layer made of phase change material arranged on the substrate layer, wherein the top layer comprises an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area, an input signal is subjected to beam splitting processing on the energy of the input signal from the input waveguide area through the optimized area, and finally the energy is output from the first output waveguide area and the second output waveguide area respectively.
Optionally, the phase change material of the top layer is indium selenide, and the refractive index is changed according to the phase change degree of the indium selenide.
Optionally, the material of the substrate layer is silicon dioxide.
The power beam splitter design method and the power beam splitter have the beneficial effects that the power beam splitter comprises a substrate layer and a top layer made of phase change materials and arranged on the substrate layer, the power beam splitter design method comprises the steps of dividing the top layer into areas, wherein the top layer comprises an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area; and scanning the cells in sequence, sequentially changing the states of the cells by adopting a binary search algorithm, returning to the first cell after scanning all the cells, and continuously circulating according to the original sequence until the objective function converges. The invention realizes the effect of outputting different beam splitting ratios by the power beam splitter and can regulate and control the power beam splitter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a power splitter design method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a power splitter cell in an original state according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an optimized area of a power splitter after cell initialization in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the insertion loss of the top phase change material of the power splitter according to the embodiment of the invention in different phase change degrees;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power splitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 when the top layer phase change material of the power splitter is in α state according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 when the top phase change material of the power splitter is in the middle state according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 when the top phase change material of the power splitter is in the β state in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles and advantages of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in embodiments of the present invention, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a power beam splitter, wherein the power beam splitter comprises a substrate layer and a top layer which is arranged on the substrate layer and is made of a phase change material, as shown in fig. 1, the design method of the power beam splitter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, carrying out region division on a top layer, wherein the top layer comprises an input waveguide region, an optimized region, a first output waveguide region and a second output waveguide region.
For example, the top layer is made of indium selenide phase change material with the thickness of 220nm, the base layer is made of silicon dioxide with the thickness of 3 μm, the refractive index of the substrate is preferably 1.444, and the top layer area is divided into an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area. Specifically, the widths of the input waveguide region, the first output waveguide region, and the second output waveguide region are all 0.48 μm, and the size of the optimized region is 3.6x2.4μm 2.
And S2, carrying out grid division on the optimized area, and dividing the optimized area into a plurality of same cells.
The optimization area is divided into a plurality of equally sized cells, the size of a single cell preferably being 120nm by 120nm.
And S3, scanning the cells according to the sequence, adopting a binary search algorithm to change the states of the cells in sequence, returning the first cell after scanning all the cells, and continuing to circulate according to the original sequence until the objective function converges.
The method comprises the steps of sequentially scanning cells from top to bottom in sequence from left to right, sequentially changing the states of the cells by adopting a binary search algorithm, wherein the states of the cells are divided into two states, one state is an air column positioned at the center of the cells, the other state is an air column, the diameter of the air column is preferably 90nm, when all cells in an optimized area are scanned, continuously circulating according to the original sequence, and stopping scanning the cells if an objective function converges.
The power beam splitter design method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of carrying out region division on a top layer, wherein the top layer comprises an input waveguide region, an optimized region, a first output waveguide region and a second output waveguide region, carrying out grid division on the optimized region and dividing the optimized region into a plurality of same cells, sequentially scanning the cells, sequentially changing the states of the cells by adopting a binary search algorithm, returning the first cell to continue to circulate according to the original sequence after all the cells are scanned until an objective function converges, realizing the effect of outputting different beam splitting ratios by the power beam splitter, and regulating and controlling the power beam splitter.
In step S3, when the states of the cells are sequentially changed by using a binary search algorithm, first, a single objective function value of the cell under the condition that the power beam splitter is at different phase transition degrees is calculated. Optionally, calculating average transmittance of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide in a preset wavelength interval, acquiring power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide according to the power splitter when the power splitter is in different phase transition degrees, and calculating a single objective function value of the unit cell according to the power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide. When calculating the single objective function value of each cell, the single objective function value of each cell is obtained through an objective function, wherein the objective function is thatWherein, T 1 is the average transmittance of the first output waveguide region in the preset wavelength region, T 2 is the average transmittance of the second output waveguide region in the preset wavelength region, and a i and b i are the power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide.
Taking the top layer material of the power beam splitter as an indium selenide phase change material as an example, the phase change degree can be divided into an alpha state, a beta state and an intermediate state with incomplete alpha and beta phase change, wherein the alpha state and the beta state are both crystal states, and the preset wavelength range can be preferably 1540nm-1560nm. The refractive index of the power beam splitter changes due to the degree of phase change, and a single objective function value is calculated for each cell at a different refractive index. The power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide is one of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2.
When the top layer phase change material of the power beam splitter is in an alpha state, the power beam splitting ratio of the first output waveguide to the second output waveguide is 2:1, and the objective function is FOM i＝1-|T1-0.66|-|T2 -0.33I.
When the top layer phase change material of the power beam splitter is in an intermediate state, the power beam splitting ratio of the first output waveguide to the second output waveguide is 1:1, and the objective function is FOM i＝1-|T1-0.5|-|T2 -0.5I.
When the top layer phase change material of the power beam splitter is in beta state, the power beam splitting ratio of the first output waveguide to the second output waveguide is 1:2, and the objective function is FOM i＝1-|T1-0.33|-|T2 -0.66I.
The individual objective function values are then summed to obtain a first overall objective function value and compared to a second overall objective function value for the cell. Specifically, the single objective function values obtained under different refractive indexes of the power beam splitter are summed to obtain a first total objective function value, and compared with a second total objective function value of each cell, wherein the second total objective function value of each cell is the total objective function value of each cell after the initialization of each cell, referring to fig. 2, each cell is in an original state without an air column, and then a preset optical path processing is performed on each cell to obtain a cell state as shown in fig. 3, and each cell is in a state with or without an air column.
Finally, if the first total objective function value is greater than the second total objective function value, the new state of the cell is preserved. If the first total objective function value is smaller than the second total objective function value, returning to the initial state of the cell.
In the embodiment of the invention, the performance of the analysis power beam splitter can also be monitored. Alternatively, the insertion loss of the power splitter is obtained when the phase change material is of different phase change degrees. The insertion loss of the power splitter can be calculated according to the formulaCalculation is performed, wherein T 1 is the average transmittance of the first output waveguide region in the preset wavelength region, T 2 is the average transmittance of the second output waveguide region in the preset wavelength region, and T 3 is the average transmittance of the input waveguide region in the preset wavelength region. For example, in FIG. 4, in a preset wavelength range of 1.54 μm-1.56 μm, the insertion loss of the power splitter is greater than-0.44 db when the top layer material of the power splitter is in the alpha state, greater than-0.27 db when the top layer material of the power splitter is in the intermediate state, and greater than-0.32 db when the top layer material of the power splitter is in the beta state.
The power beam splitter design method of the embodiment of the invention can realize the function of regulating and controlling any power beam splitting ratio by regulating and controlling the power beam splitting through diffraction of the air holes of the design area and different refractive indexes of the In 2Se3 material In different phase change states.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a power beam splitter obtained by applying the design method of the power beam splitter, as shown in fig. 5, wherein the power beam splitter comprises a substrate layer 51 and a top layer 52 made of a phase change material and arranged on the substrate layer 51, the top layer 52 comprises an input waveguide area 521, an optimized area 522, a first output waveguide area 523 and a second output waveguide area 524, an input signal is subjected to beam splitting processing on the energy of the input signal from the input waveguide area 521 through the optimized area 522, and finally the energy is output from the first output waveguide area 523 and the second output waveguide area 524 respectively.
For example, the top layer 52 of the power splitter employs indium selenide having a thickness of 220nm, the base layer 51 employs silicon dioxide having a thickness of 3um, the refractive index of the base layer 51 is preferably 1.444, the widths of the input waveguide region 521, the first output waveguide region 523 and the second output waveguide region 524 are each 0.48 μm, and the size of the optimized region 522 is 3.6x2.4 μm 2. The power beam splitter reduces loss, can be etched in one step in the process, and is simple to operate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the phase change material of the top layer is indium selenide, and the refractive index is changed according to the phase change degree of the indium selenide. The regulation and control of the power beam splitting of the power beam splitter are realized through the phase change material of the top layer, the phase change state of the indium selenide comprises an alpha state, a beta state and an intermediate state with incomplete phase change of the alpha state and the beta state, wherein the alpha state and the beta state are crystals, so that the energy required by the phase change is lower than that of other materials.
Specifically, when the top layer phase change material of the power beam splitter is in different phase change degrees, different average transmittance of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide can be obtained.
Referring to fig. 6, when the top layer phase change material of the power splitter is in an α state, a function of a power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide of 2:1 is achieved, and average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 is 51.5% and 33.0%, respectively.
Referring to fig. 7, when the top layer phase change material of the power splitter is in the intermediate state, the function of a power splitting ratio of 1:1 of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide is achieved, and the average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 is 46.6% and 44.0%, respectively.
Referring to fig. 8, when the top layer phase change material of the power splitter is in the beta state, the function of a power splitting ratio of 1:2 of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide is achieved, and the average transmittance of the first output waveguide T1 and the second output waveguide T2 is 33.0% and 58.0%, respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the base layer is silicon dioxide.
The In 2Se3 -based adjustable power beam splitter solves the problems of single power splitting ratio and difficult adjustment and control, and has the advantages of low loss, one-step etching and simple operation.
The foregoing describes certain embodiments of the invention, other embodiments being within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing discussion of any embodiment is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples, that technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, that steps may be performed in any order, and that many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention described above are present, which are not provided in detail for clarity.
The present embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A power splitter design method, wherein the power splitter comprises a base layer and a top layer made of a phase change material disposed on the base layer, the power splitter design method comprising:
dividing the top layer into areas, wherein the top layer comprises an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area;
Dividing the optimized region into a plurality of same cells;
Sequentially scanning the cells, sequentially changing the states of the cells by adopting a binary search algorithm, returning to the first cell after scanning all the cells, and continuously circulating according to the original sequence until the objective function converges;
the adopting a binary search algorithm to sequentially change the states of the cells comprises the following steps:
Calculating a single objective function value for the cell at different phase transition degrees of the power splitter;
summing the single objective function values to obtain a first total objective function value and comparing the first total objective function value with a second total objective function value of the cell;
if the first total objective function value is greater than the second total objective function value, retaining a new state of the cell;
the calculating a single objective function value for the cell at different phase transitions of the power splitter comprises:
calculating average transmittance of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide in a preset wavelength interval, and acquiring power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide according to the power splitter when the power splitter has different phase transition degrees;
calculating a single objective function value of the unit cell according to the power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide;
the calculating a single objective function value of the unit cell according to the power splitting ratio of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide comprises:
obtaining a single objective function value of each cell through an objective function, wherein the objective function is that Wherein T 1 is the average transmittance of the first output waveguide region in a preset wavelength interval, T 2 is the average transmittance of the second output waveguide region in a preset wavelength interval, and a i and b i are the power splitting ratios of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide.
2. The power splitter design method of claim 1, wherein a power splitting ratio of said first output waveguide and said second output waveguide is one of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2.
3. The power splitter design method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring and analyzing performance of said power splitter.
4. The power splitter design method of claim 3, wherein said monitoring analyzes performance of said power splitter comprising obtaining insertion loss of said power splitter when said phase change material is of different degrees of phase change.
5. A power splitter obtained by applying the design method of the power splitter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the power splitter comprises a substrate layer and a top layer made of a phase change material arranged on the substrate layer, the top layer comprises an input waveguide area, an optimized area, a first output waveguide area and a second output waveguide area, an input signal is sent from the input waveguide area, energy of the input signal is split through the optimized area, and finally output is carried out from the first output waveguide area and the second output waveguide area respectively.
6. The power splitter of claim 5, wherein said phase change material of said top layer is indium selenide and wherein the refractive index changes according to the degree of phase change of said indium selenide.
7. The power splitter of claim 6, wherein the material of said base layer is silica.
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| CN114563845A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Asymmetric directional coupler, controllable mode generator and optical circulator |
| CN114578485A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Dual-mode power splitter |
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| US20140219608A1 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-08-07 | Wayne V Sorin | Optical power splitters |
| US20150104130A1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Optical power splitter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114563845A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Asymmetric directional coupler, controllable mode generator and optical circulator |
| CN114578485A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Dual-mode power splitter |
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