CN115992303B - A heat treatment process for specimens used for water immersion ultrasonic testing of bearing steel - Google Patents
A heat treatment process for specimens used for water immersion ultrasonic testing of bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 56
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010206 sensitivity analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及轴承钢检测技术领域，具体涉及一种轴承钢水浸超声检测用试样的热处理工艺。热处理工艺包括如下步骤：（1）轴承钢取样检测碳化物不均匀性；（2）根据检测结果，对轴承钢试样进行热处理，热处理工艺选自正火+等温退火工艺或往复球化退火工艺，热处理后试样的碳化物带状小于2.5级、金属平均晶粒度达到5级以上。本发明热处理工艺能够有效改善轴承钢试样内部组织的均匀和一致性，减少水浸超声过程中回波干扰信号的产生，保障检测结果的准确性。
The present invention relates to the field of bearing steel detection technology, and specifically to a heat treatment process for bearing steel samples for water immersion ultrasonic testing. The heat treatment process includes the following steps: (1) sampling bearing steel to detect carbide inhomogeneity; (2) heat treating the bearing steel sample according to the test results, and the heat treatment process is selected from normalizing + isothermal annealing process or reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process. After heat treatment, the carbide band of the sample is less than level 2.5 and the average metal grain size reaches level 5 or above. The heat treatment process of the present invention can effectively improve the uniformity and consistency of the internal structure of the bearing steel sample, reduce the generation of echo interference signals during water immersion ultrasonic testing, and ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing steel detection, in particular to a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection.
Background
The high-carbon chromium bearing steel is the most widely applied steel grade in the bearing industry, and is mainly used for manufacturing various bearings, partial high-load mechanical parts and the like. The bearing is used as a joint of industrial equipment, and needs to bear rolling contact stress and periodical alternating stress in the use process, so that the bearing is required to have higher strength, wear resistance and fatigue life, and higher requirements are also put on the processing technology and materials. In terms of bearing steel quality, high purity and good carbide distribution uniformity are mainly required. The purity of bearing steel mainly refers to the level of inclusion control in the steel. It has been shown that the contact fatigue life of bearing steel is mainly related to the structure of its surface layer, in particular to the type, size, shape, distribution and aggregation of nonmetallic inclusions in the surface layer, and approximately inversely related to the length of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. Therefore, the assessment and control of large nonmetallic inclusions in bearing steels is particularly important.
By utilizing the influence of the acoustic properties of the material itself or internal defects on ultrasonic wave propagation, the bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection can nondestructively detect various defects in and on the material, and objectively and comprehensively reflect the defects in the material, especially the distribution condition of large-sized inclusions in the bearing steel. Compared with the traditional inclusion detection methods such as metallographic method and nondestructive extraction, the high-frequency ultrasonic detection system has larger volume of the sample, and can more intuitively reflect the information such as distribution, quantity, size, position and the like of large-sized inclusions in steel.
The water immersion ultrasonic detection has the characteristics of high frequency, short wavelength, high detection precision and the like, and echo signals contain a large amount of information related to defect properties, but are also very easy to be interfered by various types of interference, especially echoes which are generated by scattering centers (such as boundaries of particles and other particles) in detected materials and are seemingly randomly distributed, have similar frequency distribution characteristics with the defect reflection echoes, are difficult to separate in a frequency domain, and bring difficulty to detect defects. Therefore, the structure of the sample for water immersion ultrasonic detection should be completely thinned and homogenized to eliminate callback interference signals caused by uneven structures in the material, and ensure the accuracy of detection results.
The existing bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection standards mainly comprise ASTM E588, SEP 1927, GB/T38683, GB/T4162 and the like, and most of the standards require that a sample is subjected to heat treatment before processing, so that the grain size of the sample reaches grade 5 or finer specified by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112, and the sensitivity of detection is met, but the existing standards do not have clear rule requirements on the sample heat treatment process. From the current data, research results of water immersion ultrasonic detection are mainly focused on selection, design, sensitivity analysis and the like of detection parameters, such as 'research on metal bar water immersion focusing ultrasonic detection technology', 'plane wave frequency domain rapid imaging algorithm of water immersion ultrasonic detection', 'influence of water layer thickness on pipe welding seam water immersion ultrasonic detection sensitivity', and partial scholars focus on analysis of detection results, such as 'application of water immersion ultrasonic detection in bearing steel purity assessment', 'research on high-frequency water immersion ultrasonic detection and evaluation method of inclusions in steel', and the like, and no corresponding research results of heat treatment of bearing steel ultrasonic detection samples are published. The Chinese patent application CN112760461A provides a heat treatment method for a steel high-frequency ultrasonic detection sample, which divides a heat treatment process according to the carbon content of the steel grade, does not consider the original quality level of the sample, cannot ensure the quality requirement of water immersion ultrasonic detection on the sample in practical application, and is difficult to guide practical application.
Therefore, a heat treatment process for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection samples needs to be explored and established.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that callback interference signals are caused by uneven tissues in the bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection process, the invention provides a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection, which can effectively improve the uniformity and consistency of the tissues in the bearing steel sample, reduce the generation of echo interference signals in the water immersion ultrasonic process and ensure the accuracy of detection results.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection comprises the following steps:
(1) Sampling bearing steel to detect carbide non-uniformity;
(2) According to the detection result, carrying out heat treatment on a bearing steel sample, wherein the heat treatment process is selected from a normalizing and isothermal annealing process or a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, the normalizing and isothermal annealing process is that the sample is heated to 900-920 ℃ firstly, kept for 40 min-2 h, discharged and dispersed and air-cooled, then the sample is heated to 770-790 ℃ and kept for 3-5 h, cooled to 700-720 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, kept for 4-6 h, cooled to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharged and dispersed and air-cooled;
The reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process comprises the steps of heating bearing steel to 770-780 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling to 690-710 ℃ with a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 3-5 h, heating to 770-780 ℃ with a heating speed of 30-50 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling to 690-710 ℃ with a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 3-5 h, cooling to 650 ℃ with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
Further, the bearing steel is GCr15 bearing steel.
Further, the carbide band shape of the sample after heat treatment is less than 2.5 grade, and the average grain size of the metal reaches more than 5 grade.
Further, step (1) is to sample the bearing steel and then to carry out carbide banding test.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter less than or equal to 80mm and the carbide band-shaped grade higher than 2.5, carrying out heat treatment by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 40-90 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
And the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 3-4 hours, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 4-5 hours, discharge the sample, and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter less than or equal to 80mm and the carbide band shape not higher than 2.5 level, a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process is adopted for heat treatment.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter of 80mm < 150mm and the carbide band shape higher than 3 grades, carrying out heat treatment by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 90-120 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
And the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 4-5 h, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 5-6 h, discharge the sample, and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter of 80mm < 150mm and the carbide band shape not higher than 3 grades, a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process is adopted for heat treatment.
Further, carbide inhomogeneity (carbide banding) was measured according to the GB/T18254 specification.
Further, the average grain size of the metal was measured according to GB/T6394.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, aiming at bearing steel with different quality levels, different heat treatment methods are adopted to carry out heat treatment on the water immersion ultrasonic detection sample, so that the problem of blurring specified by a heat treatment process in a detection standard is solved, meanwhile, the uniformity and consistency of the tissue of the detection sample are ensured, the image signal interference during the water immersion ultrasonic detection is avoided, and the accuracy and the reliability of the water immersion ultrasonic detection can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a normalizing + isothermal annealing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a strip of carbide test of GCr15 bearing steel bar heat treated in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a strip of carbide test strip of GCr15 bearing steel bar heat treated in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the detection of band-shaped carbides at the edge position of a GCr15 bearing steel bar after heat treatment in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a band-shaped carbide test of the radial position of a GCr15 bearing steel bar in example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the detection of band-shaped carbides at the center portion of a GCr15 bearing steel bar in example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
FIG. 8 is a metallographic photograph of a GCr15 bearing steel bar material of example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 75mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
① Normalizing, namely heating the sample to 905 ℃ and preserving heat for 90min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
② Isothermal annealing, namely heating the sample to 782 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling to 703 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 6.
Example 2
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 50mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
① Normalizing, namely heating the sample to 905 ℃ and preserving heat for 90min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
② Isothermal annealing, namely heating the sample to 782 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling to 703 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 6.
Example 3
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 120mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3.5 grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
① Normalizing, namely heating the sample to 915 ℃ and preserving heat for 120min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
② Isothermal annealing, namely heating the sample to 772 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 716 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide band was of grade 2.5.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Example 4
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 148mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly heating bearing steel to 780 ℃ and preserving heat for 2.5h, cooling to 706 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 772 ℃ and preserving heat for 30 h at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃ per hour, cooling to 693 ℃ along with the furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 5h, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide band was of grade 2.5.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Example 5
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 60mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and carbide inhomogeneities of the bearing steel were detected, with the result that the carbide band was class 2.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
Firstly heating bearing steel to 770 ℃ and preserving heat for 3.5 hours, cooling to 695 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 5 hours, heating to 778 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃ per hour, cooling to 705 ℃ along with the furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
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| CN103060533A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-04-24 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Laboratory annealing process suitable for detecting non-uniformity of bearing steel carbide |
| CN113083937A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 江西红睿马钢管股份有限公司 | Production process of bearing steel pipe for cold-rolled expanded bearing |
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| JPH06287709A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-11 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Bearing steel excellent in heat treatment productivity as well as in property of retarding microstructural change due to repeated stress load |
| CN103316929B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-03-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Rolling and cooling technology method for reducing GCR15 bearing steel zonary carbide level |
| CN103308514B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-08-19 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | A kind of method adopting annealed state normal temperature etch testing tool steel carbonide unevenness |
| CN107400769A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-28 | 合肥欧仕嘉机电设备有限公司 | A kind of bearing steel heat treatment process |
| CN108277326B (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2019-05-14 | 东北大学 | A kind of Quick spheroidizing annealing technology method of GCr15 bearing steel |
| CN110066909B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-01-01 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Heat treatment process for improving hardenability hardness of GCr15SiMn steel tail end |
| CN111763889A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-13 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of high carbon bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113957209A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-01-21 | 材谷金带(佛山)金属复合材料有限公司 | High-carbon chromium bearing steel high-intensity magnetic field rapid spheroidizing annealing process |
| CN115266934B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-05-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A heat treatment method for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of high-carbon chromium bearing steel high-frequency flaw detection and a method for high-carbon chromium bearing steel high-frequency flaw detection |
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| CN103060533A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-04-24 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Laboratory annealing process suitable for detecting non-uniformity of bearing steel carbide |
| CN113083937A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 江西红睿马钢管股份有限公司 | Production process of bearing steel pipe for cold-rolled expanded bearing |
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