CN115976375B - Aluminum alloy for solar panel frame and section bar production method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for solar panel frame and section bar production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An aluminum alloy for a solar panel frame and a section bar production method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.59-0.64% of Si, 0.51-0.56% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentages of Si and Mg are as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3, and the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent. The section bar production method sequentially comprises the steps of batching, aluminum alloy liquid smelting, permanent magnet stirring, in-furnace blowing refining, on-line grain refining and degassing filtering outside the furnace, semi-continuous casting, homogenizing treatment, heating and extrusion, quenching, stretching straightening and ageing treatment. According to the invention, through scientifically designing the component composition of the aluminum alloy, improving the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid, refining and homogenizing the structure of the aluminum bar, reducing the deformation resistance of the aluminum bar, improving the extrusion speed and mechanical property of the aluminum bar, the tensile strength of the aluminum bar is more than or equal to 260 MPa, the yield strength of the aluminum bar is more than or equal to 240 MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 12%, and the requirements of the light and thin development of the solar panel frame on the high-strength aluminum bar are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy for a solar panel frame and a section bar production method thereof.
Background
Solar panels are an important component of solar photovoltaic power generation. With the implementation of the carbon-to-carbon policy of carbon peak carbon neutralization, the demand for solar panels has shown explosive growth in recent years. The frame of the solar cell panel plays a role in fixing and supporting the solar cell panel. In order to improve the safety and the service life of the solar panel and reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar panel, the frame of the solar panel gradually develops to be light and thin, and the wall thickness of the aluminum profile is thinner and thinner, so that the strength of the aluminum profile needs to be improved. The existing solar panel frame is mainly formed by processing 6063 aluminum alloy sections, and although 6063 aluminum alloy has good extrusion performance, the strength is low, deformation is easy in the use process, and the requirements of the development of lightening and thinning of the solar panel are difficult to meet.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN112375941A discloses a solar frame aluminum alloy section and a processing technology thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55-0.66% of Si, 0.15-0.20% of Fe, 0.16-0.21% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Mn, 0.55-0.60% of Mg, 0.15-0.20% of Cr and the balance of aluminum. The 6063 aluminum alloy section has a tensile strength of 280 MPa, a yield strength of 260 MPa, an elongation of 12.7%, a tensile strength of 265 MPa at the tail, a yield strength of 249 MPa and an elongation of 11.1%.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN109628807A discloses a high-performance low-adsorption particle solar frame aluminum profile, which consists of ：Fe 0.05-0.15%,Si 0.35-0.45%,Mg 0.5-0.6%,Cu 0.1-0.15%,Zn 0.15-0.25%,Mn 0.05-0.1%,Ti 0.05-0.07%,B 0.03-0.05%,Cr 0.05-0.15%,Er 0.01-0.03%,Zr 0.04-0.06%,V 0.02-0.04%, of the following components in percentage by mass and the balance of Al. The invention reduces the generation of adsorption particles on the surface of the aluminum profile, but the mechanical property of the aluminum profile is still lower, the tensile strength is less than or equal to 191 MPa, the yield strength is less than or equal to 149 MPa, and the elongation is less than or equal to 13.1 percent.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN111996423A discloses an aluminum alloy section bar for a solar photovoltaic frame and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy section bar comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 0.5-0.9% of Si, 0.4-0.8% of Mg, 0.15-0.25% of Fe, 0.015-0.025% of Ti, 0.08% of Cu, 0.08% of Mn, 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the total amount is 100%, and the sum of the mass percentages of Cu and Mn is 0.08-0.16%. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section bar is 244-258 MPa, the yield strength is 233-238 MPa, the elongation is 12.5-13.9%, and the Webster hardness is 14.5-15.5. The strength of the aluminum alloy profile is still low.
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN102719715A discloses an aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method for manufacturing solar frame aluminum profiles, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.62-0.65% of Mg, 0.08% of Cu, 0.43-0.46% of Si, 0.06% of Zn, 0.04% of Mn, 0 < 0.18% of Fe, 0.04% of Cr, 0.06% of Ti and the balance of Al. The patent application increases the extrusion speed of the aluminum profile, but the mechanical properties of the aluminum profile are still low.
From the aspects of production practice and document data retrieval results, the strength of the aluminum alloy for the solar panel frame is still low, and the requirements of the development of the thinning of the solar panel frame are difficult to meet. In addition, the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, the extrusion speed of the aluminum profile is reduced, the production efficiency is reduced, the production cost is increased, and the huge requirement of the rapid development of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry on the solar panel frame aluminum profile is difficult to meet. Therefore, the existing aluminum alloy for the solar panel frame and the section bar production method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides an aluminum alloy for a solar panel frame and a section bar production method thereof, wherein the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy and the mechanical property of the aluminum section bar are improved, the production cost is reduced, and the requirements of the development of the thinning of the solar panel frame on the high-strength aluminum section bar are met by scientifically designing the component composition of the aluminum alloy and the section bar production process.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
The invention provides an aluminum alloy for a solar panel frame, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.59-0.64% of Si, 0.51-0.56% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The main function of Si and Mg is to strengthen the strength of the aluminum alloy. Si and Mg can form Mg 2 Si strengthening phases that significantly enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy. The Si and Mg contents should not be too low, and the strength of the aluminum alloy would not be sufficient. The Si and Mg contents should not be too high, and the strength of the aluminum alloy would be too high, resulting in difficulty in increasing the extrusion speed. In addition, si forms an Mg 2 Si strengthening phase with Mg, and also forms intermetallic compounds with Fe, so that part of Si is consumed. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient amount of Mg 2 Si strengthening phase, the Si to Mg ratio must also be tightly controlled. Preferably, the mass percentages of Si and Mg are as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3.
The aluminum alloy also contains trace Mn and Cr elements. Preferably, the sum of the mass percentages of Mn and Cr satisfies Mn+Cr less than or equal to 0.2%.
The growth of recrystallized grains occurs in the extrusion process of the aluminum alloy to form a coarse grain structure, which can seriously reduce the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy. In order to prevent the occurrence of coarse grain structures, the inventor surprisingly found that when a trace amount of Mn and Cr elements are added in a compound manner, mn and Cr can form MnAl 6、CrAl7、(Cr,Mn)Al12 and other particles in the aluminum alloy, so that the slippage of dislocation and the migration of grain boundaries can be prevented, the growth of grains can be prevented, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy can be improved. The addition amount of Mn and Cr should not be too low to inhibit the growth of crystal grains. The total amount of Mn and Cr added should not be too high, and if not, coarse intermetallic compounds are easily formed, which increases the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy and the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr is set to be as follows: mn+Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Ti and B are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the form of Al5Ti1B alloy rods, and the main function is to refine grains of the aluminum alloy round bars, improve uniformity of structural components of the aluminum alloy round bars, reduce deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bars and improve extrusion speed and production efficiency of the aluminum alloy. The Ti and B contents should not be too low, otherwise the grain refining effect is not obvious. The Ti and B contents are too high, so that the grain refining effect is not remarkably increased, but the production cost is increased. Therefore, the invention sets the mass percent of Ti to be 0.02-0.03 percent and the mass percent of B to be 0.004-0.006 percent.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloys. Fe can form coarse needle-shaped and flake-shaped Fe-rich phases in the aluminum alloy, so that the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy can be increased, an aluminum matrix can be split, a crack source and a crack propagation direction of the aluminum alloy are formed, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy are seriously damaged. Therefore, in order to increase the extrusion speed and obtain a high strength aluminum alloy, the content of Fe should be strictly controlled to be not more than 0.2%.
The invention provides a production method of an aluminum profile for a solar panel frame, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, selecting an aluminum source, a silicon source, a magnesium source, a manganese source and a chromium source as raw materials for batching;
(2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720-760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, and then starting a permanent magnet stirring device to stir the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and a refining agent, and standing for a period of time after slag skimming;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on the launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680-720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100-200 mm/min;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590-600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12 hours for homogenizing treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520-540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature;
(9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210-220 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame.
In the step (1), the raw materials can be pure metals, alloys, process waste materials generated in the production process of aluminum alloys or recycled waste metals, and the like, so long as the components of the aluminum alloys can be ensured to meet the requirements, and the impurity elements are not out of standard. Preferably, the aluminum source is an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7%, the magnesium source is a magnesium ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.8%, the silicon source is aluminum-silicon alloy, the manganese source is aluminum-manganese alloy, and the chromium source is aluminum-chromium alloy.
In step (2), in order to improve the uniformity of the components of the aluminum alloy liquid, it is necessary to enhance the stirring of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace. Preferably, a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring device is selected, after raw materials are melted into aluminum alloy liquid, the permanent magnet stirring device is started, and the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 15-25 minutes in a circulation mode of rotating forward for 5 minutes and then rotating backward for 5 minutes, so that the segregation of components of the aluminum alloy liquid can be prevented. The heating and melting temperature of the raw materials is low, the melting speed is low, and the production efficiency is low. The melting temperature is high, and although the melting speed is high, the burning loss of the raw material is increased. Preferably, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃. In addition, after melting and stirring, the components of the aluminum alloy liquid need to be detected on site, and if the components are not qualified, the materials need to be fed until the components of the aluminum alloy liquid are qualified.
In the step (3), in order to improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the refining degassing and impurity removal of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace must be enhanced. Preferably, argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the total weight of the raw materials are selected for carrying out jet refining on the aluminum alloy liquid. The jet refining time is not too short nor too long, preferably 15 to 25 minutes. Still, it is necessary to stand the aluminum alloy liquid for a period of time after refining so that sufficient separation time of bubbles and inclusions remaining in the aluminum alloy liquid is obtained, and the standing time is preferably 30 to 60 minutes.
In the step (3), preferably, the refining agent is composed of ：MgCl2 30-45%,KCl 25-40%,KBF4 5-10%,K2ZrF6 5-10%,SrCO3 6-8%,LiCl 3-5%,BaCl2 2-4%. mass percent of components, and is obtained by remelting, specifically, the refining agent is remelted in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and after cooling and solidification, crushing and screening are carried out, so that the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm is obtained.
The pores and the inclusions can fracture the aluminum matrix to destroy the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy, so that the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy can be reduced, the deformation resistance can be increased, and the extrusion difficulty can be increased. The existing refining agent is obtained by directly mixing raw materials, and the method is simple and low in cost, but does not fully exert the interaction among the components of the refining agent, which is also an important reason for low degassing and impurity removal efficiency of the existing refining agent. In addition, the existing refining agent also commonly contains a large amount of fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and a large amount of irritating and unpleasant smoke, such as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and the like, is produced in the refining process, so that the environment is polluted and the human health is endangered.
In order to improve the cleanliness of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, reduce the deformation resistance of aluminum alloy and improve the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloy, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly remelting type refining agent through a great deal of experimental research, and the components of the refining agent can be mutually fused and crystallized through high-temperature remelting, so that the melting point of the refining agent is reduced, and the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. Meanwhile, the components of the refining agent can perform mutual promotion of physical and chemical actions, so that the refining agent has higher degassing and impurity removal efficiency. For example, the melting point of MgCl 2 is 712 ℃, the melting point of KCl is 770 ℃, and MgCl 2 and KCl can form MgCl 2 -KCl eutectic with the melting point lower than 500 ℃ after remelting the refining agent at high temperature, so that the melting temperature of the refining agent is obviously reduced, the refining agent is easier to melt in aluminum alloy liquid, and better degassing and impurity removing effects are generated.
Wherein MgCl 2 and KCl are main components of the refining agent, mgCl 2 and KCl react with the aluminum alloy liquid to generate AlCl 3,AlCl3 bubbles with the boiling point of only 182.7 ℃ to adsorb part of hydrogen and impurities in the floating process of the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the effects of degassing, impurity removal and purification are achieved. Part of MgCl 2 and KCl are directly decomposed under the thermal action of high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid to release Cl + ions, the Cl + ions react with hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid to generate HCl gas, and the HCl bubbles are further adsorbed to take away impurities in the process of overflowing the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the efficient degassing, impurity removing and purifying effects are achieved.
K 2ZrF6 and KBF 4 can react with aluminum alloy liquid to generate KAlF 4、K3AlF6 and ZrB 2, KAlF 4 and K 3AlF6 obtained by the reaction are in molten salt state, have high surface tension, do not infiltrate with the aluminum alloy liquid, have good dissolving and wetting effects on oxide inclusions such as Al 2O3, can promote separation of the oxide inclusions such as Al 2O3 from the aluminum alloy liquid, and improve impurity removal and purification effects. The byproduct ZrB 2 obtained by the reaction can serve as a heterogeneous nucleation core when the aluminum alloy liquid is solidified, plays a role in refining grains, is beneficial to obtaining aluminum alloy round bars with finer and more uniform grains, and reduces the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bars.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloy, and is usually in the form of a thick needle-like or flake-like Fe-rich phase such as Al3Fe、FeSiAl3、Fe2SiAl8、Fe2Si2Al9、Fe3Si2Al12 in the aluminum alloy, so that not only can the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy be damaged, but also the deformation resistance of the round aluminum alloy rod can be obviously increased, and the extrusion speed is reduced. In order to improve the degassing and impurity removing efficiency of the refining agent and eliminate the harm of a coarse Fe-rich phase, the inventor finds that a small amount of SrCO 3, liCl and BaCl 2,SrCO3 are added into the refining agent to decompose CO 2 in a high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid, liCl and BaCl 2 can react in the aluminum alloy liquid to generate AlCl 3,CO2 and AlCl 3 bubbles with the boiling point of only 183 ℃ to absorb and remove impurities such as hydrogen, al 2O3 and the like in the floating process, and the degassing and impurity removing effects are achieved. The Sr, li and Ba elements obtained by the reaction enter the aluminum alloy liquid, and the refining and modification effects are achieved on the coarse Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy solidification process, so that the coarse acicular or flaky Fe-rich phase is converted into fine particles which are dispersed and distributed in the aluminum matrix, the harm of the coarse Fe-rich phase can be eliminated, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar is reduced, and the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy round bar and the strength and plasticity of the aluminum profile are improved.
In the step (4), in order to improve the uniformity of the structural components of the round aluminum alloy rod and improve the extrusion processability of the aluminum rod, the aluminum alloy liquid must be subjected to grain refinement treatment. The grain refiner may be aluminum titanium boron alloy, aluminum titanium carbon alloy, etc. Preferably, the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy rod, the addition amount is 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the grain refiner is added into the aluminum alloy liquid on a launder before semi-continuous casting, so that the optimal grain refining effect can be achieved.
In the step (5), the air holes and the inclusions can fracture the aluminum matrix, so that the plasticity and the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy round bar are reduced. In order to further improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the aluminum alloy liquid before casting is required to be subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment, namely the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on a launder, and the online degassing and filtering treatment is performed to obtain the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid, so that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy round bar is improved. Preferably, the rotation speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing box is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.35-0.45MPa, the gas is a mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1-5%, and two foam ceramic filter plates with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes are arranged in the filter box.
In step (6), in order to obtain high quality round aluminum alloy rods, to prevent casting accidents, strict adherence to the operating rules of semi-continuous casting and strict control of the technological parameters of semi-continuous casting are required. The diameter of the aluminum alloy round bar is small, the casting speed can be higher, the diameter of the aluminum alloy round bar is large, and the casting speed is lower. The temperature of the casting machine cooling water cannot exceed 50 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680-720 ℃, the speed of semi-continuous casting is 100-200 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-40 ℃.
In the step (7), the purpose of homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar is to eliminate element segregation of the aluminum alloy round bar, melt coarse second-phase compound, eliminate stress of the aluminum alloy round bar and improve extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy round bar. Too low a homogenization temperature or too short a time may result in incomplete homogenization. Too high a homogenizing temperature may cause excessive burning of the round rod of the aluminum alloy, but may deteriorate the extrusion performance and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. Preferably, the homogenization temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 590-600 ℃ and the homogenization time is 10-12 hours.
In the step (8), as trace Mn and Cr elements are added in the aluminum alloy, the growth of crystal grains can be effectively inhibited, meanwhile, the aluminum alloy round bar has lower deformation resistance, can be extruded at a higher temperature and at a higher speed, and can not cause coarse grains of the aluminum profile while improving the production efficiency. Preferably, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 520-540 ℃, the upper machine temperature of the extrusion die is 480-500 ℃, and the extrusion rod advancing speed is 25-35 mm/s. The extruded aluminum profile can be cooled by air cooling, water spraying cooling, water mist combined cooling, water trough water cooling and the like. In order to increase the cooling rate while avoiding deformation, water mist cooling is preferably employed.
In the step (9), the cooled aluminum profile must be subjected to stretch straightening, and the deformation amount of the stretch straightening should not be too small or too large, and the required size cannot be obtained. Preferably, the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is 1 to 3%. The aging treatment is an important procedure for improving the strength of the aluminum profile, and the inventor discovers that the aging process of the aluminum profile is carried out by heating the aluminum profile to 210-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-4 hours for aging, then cooling or air cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, so that the aluminum profile with the highest strength can be obtained, and meanwhile, the heating time is obviously shortened, thereby being beneficial to improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost and improving the market competitiveness. The aging temperature exceeds 220 ℃, the aging time exceeds 4 hours, or the aging temperature is lower than 210 ℃ or the aging time is lower than 3 hours, and the aluminum profile with the required strength cannot be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the composition of the aluminum alloy is scientifically designed, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid is improved, the tissue components of the aluminum alloy round bar are thinned and homogenized, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar is reduced, the extrusion speed and the production efficiency of the aluminum profile are greatly improved, and the contradiction problem between the strength and the extrusion production efficiency is solved;
(2) The refining agent developed and used by the invention has higher degassing and impurity removing effects, has refining, modifying and modifying effects on aluminum alloy, can reduce the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy, and improves the extrusion performance and mechanical properties. The refining agent contains less fluoride, does not contain nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and is more environment-friendly to use;
(3) The tensile strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 260 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 240 MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 12%, the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 85, and compared with 6063 aluminum profile, the strength is improved by 15%, the plasticity is improved by 30%, the aluminum profile has higher strength and plasticity, and the strength requirement of the light and thin development of the solar panel frame on the aluminum profile is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the grain structure of the aluminum profile of example 1 of the present invention in cross section.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a grain structure on a cross section of an aluminum profile according to example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a photograph showing the grain structure of the aluminum profile of example 3 of the present invention in cross section.
Fig. 4 is a photograph showing the grain structure of the aluminum profile of example 4 of the present invention in cross section.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.61%, mg 0.53%, mn 0.09%, cr 0.08%, ti 0.025%, B0.005%, fe less than or equal to 0.2%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the individual content of the unavoidable impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of the impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.15%. The method for producing the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame by adopting the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 740 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes; (3) The method comprises the steps of using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the total weight of raw materials to jet and refine aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 20 minutes, and standing for 45 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent is prepared by remelting ：MgCl2 40.3%,KCl 34.1%,KBF46.3%,K2ZrF6 6.5%,SrCO3 7.1%,LiCl 3.3%,BaCl2 2.4%, refining agent consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: specifically, after drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 15 Pa at the temperature of 1000 ℃ for 1.5 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 550 r/min, the gas flow rate of 2 cubic meters/h and the gas pressure of 0.4MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, wherein the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 2.5%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 700 ℃ and the casting speed is 150 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 595 ℃ and preserving heat for 11 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 530 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 490 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 30 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 215 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame.
Example 2:
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.59%, mg 0.51%, mn 0.12%, cr 0.06%, ti 0.02%, B0.004%, fe less than or equal to 0.2%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the individual content of the unavoidable impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of the impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.15%. The method for producing the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame by adopting the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 25 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of rotating forward for 5 minutes and then rotating backward for 5 minutes; (3) The method comprises the steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 25 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.4% of the total weight of raw materials, and standing for 30 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent is prepared by remelting ：MgCl2 30.2%,KCl 39.8%,KBF47.3%,K2ZrF6 9.9%,SrCO3 6.1%,LiCl 3.4%,BaCl2 3.3%, refining agent consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: specifically, after drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10 Pa at 1100 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour and the gas pressure of 0.35MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, wherein the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 500 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 35 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame.
Example 3:
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.64%, mg 0.56%, mn 0.08%, cr 0.12%, ti 0.03%, B0.006%, fe less than or equal to 0.2%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the individual content of the unavoidable impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of the impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.15%. The method for producing the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame by adopting the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 15 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes; (3) The aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace is subjected to blowing refining for 15 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the total weight of raw materials, slag skimming is carried out, standing is carried out for 60 minutes, and the refining agent is prepared by remelting ：MgCl2 44.8%,KCl 25.2%,KBF45.3%,K2ZrF6 5.1%,SrCO3 6.7%,LiCl 3.9%,BaCl2 2.0%, refining agent consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: specifically, after drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 20 Pa at 900 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.6 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 500 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate of 2.5 cubic meters per hour and the gas pressure of 0.45MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, wherein the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 5%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680 ℃ and the casting speed is 200 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 480 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 25 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame.
Example 4:
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.62% of Si, 0.55% of Mg, 0.05% of Mn, 0.15% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti, 0.005% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%. The method for producing the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame by adopting the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 730 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes; (3) The aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace is subjected to blowing refining for 20 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of raw materials, slag skimming is carried out, and standing is carried out for 50 minutes, wherein the refining agent is prepared by remelting ：MgCl2 35.2%,KCl 35.8%,KBF45.3%,K2ZrF6 8.9%,SrCO3 7.1%,LiCl 4.4%,BaCl2 3.3%, refining agent consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: specifically, after drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 18 Pa at 950 ℃ for 1.6 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the grain diameter less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 580 r/min, the gas flow rate of 1.9 cubic meters/h and the gas pressure of 0.38MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, and the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 4%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 690 ℃ and the casting speed is 170 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 595 ℃ and preserving heat for 11 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 530 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the on-die temperature is 495 ℃ and the extrusion rod advancing speed is 30 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 215 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame.
Verification example 1:
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semicontinuous casting of examples 1 to 4 were measured on site by using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1-4 had a hydrogen content of less than 0.12 ml/100gAl and a slag content of less than 0.09 mm 2/kg. The existing refining agent is adopted to carry out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, and under the condition that the addition amount of the refining agent is the same, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semicontinuous casting is generally higher than 0.17 ml/100gAl, and the slag content is higher than 0.15 mm 2/kg. Compared with the prior art, the refining agent disclosed by the invention is adopted to carry out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, and has higher degassing and impurity removing efficiency, so that the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid can be obviously reduced, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar can be reduced, and the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy round bar and the mechanical property of the aluminum profile can be improved.
TABLE 1 Hydrogen content and slag content of aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | 0.112 | 0.105 | 0.119 | 0.108 |
| Slag content/(mm 2/kg) | 0.086 | 0.082 | 0.087 | 0.083 |
Verification example 2:
samples were taken from the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4, and after grinding, polishing and etching, the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile was observed under an optical microscope, fig. 1 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 1, fig. 2 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 2, fig. 3 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 3, and fig. 4 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 4. It can be seen from fig. 1-4 that the aluminum profiles are all fine and uniform equiaxed grain structures in cross section. The invention can prevent the extruded aluminum alloy from growing up of recrystallized grains by scientifically designing the component composition of the aluminum alloy and the extrusion production process, obtain the aluminum profile with fine and uniform grains, and is beneficial to improving the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum profile.
Verification example 3:
Samples were taken on the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4, processed into standard tensile test pieces, and then subjected to room temperature stretching on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break of the aluminum profiles were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The brinell hardness of the aluminum profile was measured using a brinell hardness tester, and the results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum profiles of examples 1-4 is not less than 260 MPa, the yield strength is not less than 240 MPa, the elongation after breaking is not less than 12%, and the Brinell hardness is not less than 85. The tensile strength of the 6063 aluminum profile for the solar panel frame is generally lower than 230 MPa, the yield strength is lower than 210 MPa, the elongation after break is lower than 9%, and the Brinell hardness is lower than 75. Compared with the prior art, the aluminum profile has the advantages that the strength is improved by 15%, the plasticity is improved by more than 30%, the aluminum profile has higher strength and plasticity, and the requirements of the development of thinning and thinning of the solar panel frame on the high-strength aluminum profile are met.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 268.7 | 263.8 | 274.9 | 271.5 |
| Yield strength/MPa | 244.4 | 240.6 | 248.5 | 246.9 |
| Elongation after break/% | 12.9 | 13.1 | 12.3 | 12.4 |
| Brinell hardness HB | 87.4 | 85.9 | 90.5 | 88.9 |
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and other variations to the disclosed embodiments, as would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The production method of the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame is characterized in that the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.59-0.64% of Si, 0.51-0.56% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of single content of unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.15% of total content of impurity elements, wherein the mass percentages of Si and Mg are as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3, and the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr satisfies the following conditions: mn+Cr is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the production method of the aluminum profile sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, selecting an aluminum source, a silicon source, a magnesium source, a manganese source and a chromium source as raw materials for batching;
(2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720-760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, and then starting a permanent magnet stirring device to stir the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and a refining agent, and standing for a period of time after slag skimming;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on the launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680-720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100-200 mm/min;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590-600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12 hours for homogenizing treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520-540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature;
(9) Stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-4 hours to perform aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the aluminum profile for the solar panel frame;
The refining agent in the step (3) is prepared by remelting ：MgCl2 30-45%,KCl 25-40%,KBF4 5-10%,K2ZrF6 5-10%,SrCO3 6-8%,LiCl 3-5%,BaCl2 2-4%, of the following components in percentage by mass, specifically, the refining agent is remelted in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm is obtained by crushing and screening after cooling and solidification;
The rotation speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank in the step (5) is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.35-0.45MPa, the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1-5%, and two foam ceramic filter plates with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes are arranged in the filter tank;
the temperature of the die machine adopted in the step (8) is 480-500 ℃, and the pushing speed of the extrusion rod is 25-35 mm/s.
2. The method for producing aluminum profiles for solar panel frames according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aluminum source is an aluminum ingot with purity of 99.7% or more, the magnesium source is a magnesium ingot with purity of 99.8% or more, the silicon source is aluminum-silicon alloy, the manganese source is aluminum-manganese alloy, and the chromium source is aluminum-chromium alloy.
3. The method for producing aluminum profiles for solar panel frames according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of stirring the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by starting the permanent magnet stirring device is to stir the aluminum alloy liquid for 15-25 minutes in a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes followed by reverse rotation for 5 minutes.
4. The method for producing aluminum profiles for solar panel frames according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with purity not less than 99.99%, the amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15-25 minutes, and the standing time is 30-60 minutes.
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