CN115969844B - Nox2特异性抑制剂在制备视网膜变性药物中的应用 - Google Patents
Nox2特异性抑制剂在制备视网膜变性药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备视网膜变性药物中的应用,属于生物技术领域。本发明提供了NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物中的应用;研究发现,与遗传性视网膜变性动物模型rd1小鼠相比,NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型视网膜外核层感光细胞丢失明显延迟,小胶质细胞活化显著抑制,小胶质细胞中NOX2表达明显减少,并且,研究发现,与rd1小鼠模型相比,体内注射NOX2特异性抑制剂的rd1小鼠模型视网膜外核层厚度明显增加,小胶质细胞活化明显抑制,小胶质细胞中NOX2表达明显减少,另外,与香荚兰乙酮(apocynin)相比,NOX2特异性抑制剂作用机制更明确、特异性更强。
Description
本申请是“申请日为2021年12月28日,申请号为:202111636147.6,发明名称为NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备视网膜变性药物中的应用”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备视网膜变性药物中的应用,属于生物技术领域。
背景技术
原发性视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)是引起进行性感光细胞凋亡的一组遗传性眼病,发病率为1/3000~4000,已导致包括全球超过150万成年者致盲。虽然基因及干细胞疗法在治疗RP上取得了一定的进展,但由于RP表型的复杂性或技术本身存在的潜在问题,其在临床上广泛应用还不现实,因此,对继发于基因变异下游共同病理机制的研究仍十分重要。即使不能根本改变病变的致病原因(基因突变),但以其共同致病机制核心环节为靶点进行药物治疗仍可延缓感光细胞丢失,推迟患者致盲时间,提高其生活质量。
大量研究成果表明,慢性神经元炎症可导致多种中枢神经系统(central nervoussystem,CNS)变性疾病的发展。小胶质细胞是CNS中天然的宿主细胞,活化后可产生多种神经元毒性因子诱导细胞死亡。视网膜是延伸的脑组织。RP局部的炎症反应曾被认为是基因变异导致感光细胞死亡的继发事件。然而,越来越多的证据显示,慢性炎症反应可能导致杆锥细胞变性,RP病人视网膜炎症水平与其视功能负相关。在RP实验动物模型中,以往的研究显示,小胶质细胞在感光细胞调亡发生之前即外移至视网膜外核层中,活化并释放大量神经元毒性因子TNF-α。抑制小胶质细胞活化可减轻感光细胞丢失。可见,小胶质细胞不只是感光细胞凋亡的旁观者,而是更显著地参与了视网膜变性的启动及持续过程,是导致感光细胞最终凋亡的重要致病途径。现阶段,RP中小胶质细胞活化的机制还不十分清楚。
CNS近期的研究结果显示,NADPH氧化酶(nicotinamide adeninedinucleotidephosphate oxidases;NOXs)活化是激活小胶质细胞的重要机制。尽管多种病理因素通过小胶质细胞活化发挥毒性作用,但产生细胞内外活性氧(reactive oxidativespecies,ROS)是大多数神经元变性疾病共同的结局及特征。通常在巨噬细胞系统中ROS主要有三种来源:细胞内过氧化物酶、细胞膜表面NOXs或线粒体的氧化过程。其中,NOX2是小胶质细胞受刺激后产生细胞外ROS的主要来源。在NOX的7种异构体(包括NOX1-5、DUOX1以及DUOX2)中,NOX2主要存在于小胶质细胞及巨噬细胞中。NOX2是将氧气分解成O2-的膜绑定酶。该酶复合体在静止的吞噬细胞中处于休眠状态,受到刺激后活化。在静止的吞噬细胞中,NOX2的细胞浆亚单位(P47phox、P67phox、P40phox及Rac2)活化时向细胞膜移位,与细胞膜中的亚单位(gp91phox、P22phox)结合,表现为可产生O2-的活化酶的状态。小胶质细胞中NOX2活化通过两种途径对神经元细胞产生毒性作用。一方面,通过产生细胞外ROS直接产生神经元毒性;另一方面,启动细胞内ROS信号通路(redox signaling)。细胞内ROS可作为第二信使调节多种下游信号分子,包括丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-acivated protein kinase,MAPK)、NF-κB等,从而促进大量致炎或神经元毒性因子产生,包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、iNOS等。而ROS激活凋亡前期信号通路MAPK,如SAPK/JNK、ERK1/2和p38MARK,P53可直接诱导细胞凋亡。
氧化应激是RP发展过程中重要的生物学过程。大分子物质如脂质、蛋白及核酸的氧化反应在各种RP动物模型中明显提高。Campochiro团队的研究显示,氧化损伤是遗传性视网膜变性视杆细胞死亡后视锥细胞凋亡的主要致病因素。他们认为在各种RP动物模型中由于基因变异导致视杆细胞死亡会造成外层视网膜的高氧状态,氧气水平升高引起视锥细胞进行性氧化损伤,而NADPH氧化酶是rd1小鼠及Q344ter转基因小鼠视锥细胞变性过程中ROS产生的主要来源。众所周知,与视锥细胞凋亡相比,视杆细胞丢失更代表视网膜变性的早期阶段,对该阶段凋亡机制的研究将有利于疾病的早期干预,延缓最终影响视力的视锥细胞凋亡的发生。而对视杆细胞凋亡过程中ROS产生及NOX2活化的研究显示,在rd1小鼠视网膜变性过程中,小胶质细胞中NOX2明显活化,ROS产生增加,早于视杆细胞丢失并与凋亡存在明显平行的时间和空间关系;以及,NOX2抑制剂香荚兰乙酮(apocynin)全身使用可减少ROS产生,延缓视杆细胞的丢失。因此,可以提出假说:在遗传性视网膜变性过程中,NOX2活化可能在小胶质细胞介导的视杆细胞凋亡中发挥核心致病作用,并且,可以认为apocynin是一种可能具有治疗遗传性视网膜变性前景的药物。
然而,近期,多项研究指出,apocynin并非NOX2或其他种类NOXs的特异性抑制剂,其对神经元凋亡的减轻作用很可能是基于其氧化清除活性,而并非NADPH氧化酶抑制活性(具体可见文献“Augsburger,F.,et al.Pharmacological characterization of theseven human NOX isoforms and their inhibitors.Redox Biol.2019;26:101272.”以及“Chocry,M.and L.Leloup.The NADPH Oxidase Family and Its Inhibitors.AntioxidRedox Signal.2020;33(5):332-353.”)。这不仅对上述“在遗传性视网膜变性过程中,NOX2活化可能在小胶质细胞介导的视杆细胞凋亡中发挥核心致病作用”的假说提出了挑战,而且严重阻碍了apocynin在治疗神经元变性疾病,包括视网膜变性方面的商业开发和临床应用。文献“Sorce,S.,K.H.Krause,and V.Jaquet.Targeting NOX enzymes in the centralnervous system:therapeutic opportunities.Cell Mol Life Sci.2012;69(14):2387-407.”中也提到,apocynin具有作用机制不确切、缺乏特异性和对NOX2抑制效果差的缺陷,并且,以往使用抗氧化药物治疗遗传性视网膜变性的失败率很高,也进一步证明了apocynin在治疗视网膜变性方面的不可实施。亟需确切了解小胶质细胞中NOX2的活化致病机制以发现新的治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的特异性靶向药物进而减缓视网膜变性的病程并最终治疗视网膜变性。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物中的应用。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述视网膜变性为遗传性视网膜变性。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述NOX2特异性抑制剂为gp91phox-tat(NOX2ds-tat)、GSK-2795039(CAS 1415925-18-6)或Vas2870(CAS722456-31-7)中的一种或一种以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述NOX2特异性抑制剂为gp91phox-tat或GSK-2795039。
本发明还提供了一种治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物,所述药物含有活性组分;所述活性组分为NOX2特异性抑制剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述NOX2特异性抑制剂为gp91phox-tat、GSK-2795039或Vas2870中的一种或一种以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述NOX2特异性抑制剂为gp91phox-tat或GSK-2795039。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物还含有药物载体和/或药用辅料。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物载体包含微囊、微球、纳米粒或脂质体中的一种或一种以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药用辅料包含溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗黏合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂或释放阻滞剂中的一种或一种以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物的剂型为散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂或注射剂。
本发明还提供了NOX2基因作为治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物的治疗靶点的应用。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述视网膜变性为遗传性视网膜变性。
本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:
本发明提供了NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物中的应用;研究发现,与遗传性视网膜变性动物模型rd1小鼠相比,NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型视网膜外核层感光细胞丢失明显延迟,小胶质细胞活化显著抑制,小胶质细胞中NOX2表达明显减少,并且,研究发现,与rd1小鼠模型相比,体内注射NOX2特异性抑制剂的rd1小鼠模型视网膜外核层厚度明显增加,小胶质细胞活化明显抑制,小胶质细胞中NOX2表达明显减少,另外,与香荚兰乙酮(apocynin)相比,NOX2特异性抑制剂作用机制更明确、特异性更强,因此,NOX2特异性抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物中极具应用前景。
附图说明
图1:NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型的交配流程示意图。
图2:F1代小鼠NOX2基因型的鉴定结果。其中,野生型为一条240bp的条带;纯合型为一条195bp的条带;杂合型为240bp及195bp两条条带;002365为NOX2基因代码。
图3:F2代小鼠NOX2基因型的鉴定结果。其中,野生型为一条240bp的条带;纯合型为一条195bp的条带;杂合型为240bp及195bp两条条带;002365为NOX2基因代码。
图4:F2代小鼠Pde6b基因型的鉴定结果。其中,野生型为一条400bp条带;纯合型为一条550bp条带;杂合型为550bp及400b两条条带;Pde6b基因为rd1小鼠变异基因(等位基因变异)。
图5:F3代小鼠NOX2基因型的鉴定结果。其中,野生型为一条240bp的条带;纯合型为一条195bp的条带;杂合型为240bp及195bp两条条带;002365为NOX2基因代码。
图6:不同小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况。
图7:不同小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的凋亡情况。
图8:不同小鼠视网膜NOX2主要亚单位gp91phox蛋白的表达及小胶质细胞的活化情况。
图9:rd1小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况(玻璃体腔注射DMSO)。
图10:rd1小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况(玻璃体腔注射DMSO+VAS2870)。
图11:rd1小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况(腹腔注射PBS)。
图12:rd1小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况(腹腔注射PBS+gp91phox-tat)。
图13:rd1小鼠视网膜外核层感光细胞的丢失情况(腹腔注射PBS+GSK-2795039)。
图14:rd1小鼠视网膜NOX2主要亚单位gp91phox蛋白的表达及小胶质细胞的活化情况(腹腔注射PBS)。
图15:rd1小鼠视网膜NOX2主要亚单位gp91phox蛋白的表达及小胶质细胞的活化情况(腹腔注射PBS+gp91phox-tat)。
图16:rd1小鼠视网膜NOX2主要亚单位gp91phox蛋白的表达及小胶质细胞的活化情况(腹腔注射PBS+GSK-2795039)。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
下述实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实验例1:NOX2基因作为治疗和/或预防遗传性视网膜变性的药物的治疗靶点的验证
1、NOX2基因敲除(NOX2KO)小鼠与rd1小鼠杂交获取F1代小鼠
将四只基因型为gp91phox-/Y rd1W/W的雄性NOX2基因敲除小鼠(即NOX2基因在X染色体敲除的B6.129S-Cybbtm1Din/J小鼠,购自杰克逊实验室,JAX编码为002365)和八只基因型为gp91phox+/+rd1+/+的雌性rd1小鼠(购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司)杂交,得到基因型为gp91phox+/Yrd1W/+的雄性杂交F1代小鼠和基因型为gp91phox+/-rd1w+的雌性杂交F1代小鼠。
为了验证F1代小鼠基因型的正确性,使用表1的引物对F1代小鼠的基因组进行PCR扩增后,对扩增产物进行凝胶电泳分析,分析结果见图2。
由图2可知,雄性杂交F1代小鼠的基因型为gp91phox+/Y rdW/+,雌性杂交F1代小鼠的基因型为Gp91phox+/-rdw+,F1代小鼠基因型制备成功。
表1 002365的引物序列
注:002365基因型的判断标准:
Mutant(纯合)=195bp
Heterozygote(杂合)=195bp and 240bp
Wild type(野生)=240bp
2、F1代小鼠交配获得杂交F2代小鼠
将基因型为gp91phox+/Y rd1W/+的雄性杂交F1代小鼠和基因型为gp91phox+/-rd1w+的雌性杂交F1代小鼠杂交,得到F2代小鼠(共有48只,编号分别为#61~#108)。
为了筛选基因型正确的小鼠,使用表1和表2的引物对F2代小鼠的基因组进行PCR扩增后,对扩增产物进行凝胶电泳分析,分析结果见图3~4。并按照gp91phox及Pde6b的基因型对F2代小鼠进行分类,分类结果见表3~4。
根据分类结果,筛选出基因型为gp91phox-/Y rd1+/+的#67,#81,#85作为雄性杂交F2代小鼠,筛选出基因型为gp91phox+/-rd1+/+的#76,#79,#102作为雌性杂交F2代小鼠。
表2Pde6b的引物序列
注:Pde6b基因型的判断标准:
Mutant(纯合)=500bp
Heterozygote(野生)=550bp and 400bp
Wild type(杂合)=400bp
表3 002365基因型的分类结果
表4 Pde6b基因型的分类结果
3、F2代小鼠交配获得杂交F3代小鼠
将基因型为gp91phox-/Y rd1+/+的雄性杂交F2代小鼠和基因型为gp91phox+/-rd1+/+的雌性杂交F2代小鼠杂交,得到F3代小鼠(共有18只,编号分别为#126~#143)。
为了筛选基因型正确的小鼠,使用表1的引物对F3代小鼠的基因组进行PCR扩增后,对扩增产物进行凝胶电泳分析,分析结果见图5。并按照gp91phox的基因型对F3代小鼠进行分类,分类结果见表5。
根据分类结果,筛选出基因型为gp91phox-/Y rd1+/+的#126,#138,#139,#140作为雄性杂交F3代小鼠,筛选出基因型为gp91phox+/-rd1+/+的#129,#131,#132,#142作为雌性杂交F3代小鼠。
基因型为gp91phox-/Y rd1+/+的雄性杂交F2代小鼠和雄性杂交F3代小鼠即为双纯合的雄性NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型;基因型为gp91phox-/-rd1+/+的雌性杂交F3代小鼠即为双纯合的雌性NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型。雄性NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型和雌性NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型可通过杂交进行扩繁。
表5 002365基因型的分类结果
4、NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型的视网膜组织细胞学鉴定
4.1、实验试剂及仪器
Hoechst33258荧光染料(美国Sigma Alorich公司);樱花冷冻切片包埋剂(美国McMormick公司);TUNEL法细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(国产诺唯赞公司);含DAPI抗淬灭封片剂(美国Sigma Alorich公司);小鼠抗小鼠gp91phox单克隆抗体(美国BD公司);大鼠抗小鼠CD11b抗体(美国伯乐公司);FITC标记抗大鼠IgG、TRITC标记抗小鼠荧光二抗(美国Invitrogen公司);CM1850型快速冰冻样品制备切片机、DM4000B型光学显微镜、Confocal激光共聚焦显微镜(SPE)、LAS X照相系统(德国Leica公司)。
4.2、实验方法
4.2.1、视网膜组织切片
以C57BL/6N小鼠(购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司)、NOX2基因敲除小鼠和rd1小鼠(日龄14d)作为对照组小鼠,以步骤3获得的NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠模型(日龄14d)作为实验组小鼠;将各组小鼠经水合氯醛过量麻醉处死,快速摘除眼球,至于OCT包埋剂中,迅速置于液氮中骤冷,-80℃冰箱保存待用;使用时经视盘及锯齿缘做7μm冰冻切片,每组6只小鼠12只眼;将获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,用4%(w/v,g/100mL)多聚甲醛室温固定15min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,苏木精染色20min,1%(v/v)盐酸乙醇分化20s,自来水浸泡20min,伊红染色2min,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,光学显微镜下观察并照相。每个眼球选取3张切片,每张切片选取后极部相同部位视网膜进行拍照并比较各组外核层细胞层数。实验结果见图6。
4.2.2、视网膜感光细胞凋亡分析
采用TUNEL细胞凋亡原位检测试剂盒,将步骤4.2.1获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,用4%(w/v,g/100mL)多聚甲醛室温固定15min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,经蛋白酶K 37℃消化15min,TBS冲洗,滴加FITC荧光标记的检测液,湿盒内37℃避光孵育2h,TBS冲洗,含DAPI防荧光淬灭封片剂封片,荧光显微镜488nm波长下观察并拍照。绿色荧光信号为TUNEL阳性细胞。实验结果见图7。
4.2.3、gp91phox与CD11b免疫荧光染色及共定位
gp91phox是NOX2的主要亚单位,CD11b单克隆抗体标记小胶质细胞。二者免疫荧光染色共定位观察NOX2在小胶质细胞中的表达情况。将步骤4.2.1获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,冷丙酮固定10min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,正常羊血清工作液封闭,室温(25℃)孵育10min,弃血清,勿洗;孵育来源不同种属的两个一抗(gp91phox来源于小鼠,CD11b来源于大鼠),4℃孵育过夜(16h),次日复温30min后经0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗,孵育与其相对应的FITC和TRITC(1:600,v/v),室温(25℃)孵育1h后经0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min;含DAPI防荧光淬灭封片剂封片,荧光显微镜488nm波长下观察FITC绿色荧光、532nm波长下观察TRITC红色荧光并照相。实验结果见图8。
上述实验的实验结果采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行统计分析。计量资料经Shapiro-Wilk检验呈正态分布,以mean±SD表示。应用单因素方差(ANOVA)分析比较不同组小鼠视网膜外核层厚度及TUNEL细胞百分比的差别,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
4.3、实验结果
由图6可知,C57BL/6N小鼠及NOX2基因缺陷小鼠视网膜结构完整,内外核层细胞排列规则、致密,外核层平均厚度分别为54.44±2.33μm及52.96±1.31μm;而同龄rd1小鼠视网膜外核层明显变薄,外核层厚度为21.45±1.33μm,细胞核数量明显减少,且排列稀疏杂乱,形态大小不一;与rd1小鼠相比,Nox2基因缺陷rd1小鼠视网膜外核层厚度明显增加(36.18±2.59μm,t=8.770,p=0.001),内外核层细胞较之排列规则、致密。此结果表明NOX2因缺陷的rd1小鼠感光细胞丢失明显延缓。
由图7可知,C57BL/6N小鼠及NOX2基因缺陷小鼠视网膜外核层偶见TUNEL阳性细胞(分别为0.17±0.07%及0.08±0.03%);与C57BL/6N小鼠及NOX2基因缺陷小鼠相比,rd1小鼠外核层TUNEL细胞数量明显增多(5.37±0.75%)(t=19.645,P<0.01);与rd1小鼠相比,NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠视网膜外核层厚度增加,TUNEL细胞数量明显减少(1.5±0.3%)(t=8.42,P<0.01)。此结果进一步表明NOX2因缺陷的rd1小鼠感光细胞丢失明显延缓。
由图8可知,在C57BL/6N小鼠中,仅在内层视网膜(从视网膜内界膜到外丛状层)偶见gp91phox阳性细胞及分支状CD11b阳性小胶质细胞;在NOX2基因缺陷小鼠中,视网膜相似位置同样发现gp91phox阳性细胞及少量分枝状CD11b阳性染色细胞;在上述对照鼠中,部分gp91phox表达于CD11b小胶质细胞中;与上述对照鼠比较,rd1小鼠视网膜gp91phox表达量明显增加,染色加重,部分向外核层侵入,CD11b阳性小胶质细胞数量明显增加,细胞核增大,部分呈阿米巴状,且多数向外核层及视杆、视锥层浸润,部分外丛状层及外核层内的小胶质细胞明显表达gp91phox;与rd1小鼠相比,NOX2基因缺陷rd1小鼠视网膜外核层明显增厚,gp91phox蛋白及CD11b阳性细胞数量显著减少,以外核层明显。此结果表明NOX2因缺陷的rd1小鼠小胶质细胞活化显著抑制,小胶质细胞中NOX2表达明显减少。
上述结果一方面证明了NOX2因缺陷的rd1小鼠的表型正确,NOX2因缺陷的rd1小鼠构建成功,另一方面确切验证了小胶质细胞中NOX2活化是遗传性视网膜变性的致病机制,为筛选和研发作用机制更明确、特异性更强、更有上市和临床应用前景的治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物提供了基础,极具应用前景。
实验例2:NOX2特异性抑制剂作为制备治疗和/或预防遗传性视网膜变性的药物的验证
1、实验方法
1.1、视网膜组织切片(VAS2870)
用PI-100微量注射器在rd1小鼠(日龄9d)玻璃体腔内注射0.5μg溶解于1μL 10%(w/v,g/100mL)DMSO的VAS2870(购自Sigma公司,产品号为SML2967),使其在玻璃体腔内的最终有效浓度为50μg/mL,对照组为对侧眼注射同等剂量的10% DMSO。注射后第5天(凋亡高峰期),将rd1小鼠经水合氯醛过量麻醉处死,快速摘除眼球,至于OCT包埋剂中,迅速置于液氮中骤冷,-80℃冰箱保存待用;使用时经视盘及锯齿缘做7μm冰冻切片,每组6只小鼠12只眼;将获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,用4%(w/v,g/100mL)多聚甲醛室温固定15min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,苏木精染色20min,1%(v/v)盐酸乙醇分化20s,自来水浸泡20min,伊红染色2min,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,光学显微镜下观察并照相。每个眼球选取3张切片,每张切片选取后极部相同部位视网膜进行拍照并比较各组外核层厚度。实验结果见图9~10。
1.2、视网膜组织切片(gp91phox-tat、GSK-2795039)
取18只rd1小鼠(日龄9d),随机分为三组,三组分别为PBS对照组、gp91phox-tat实验组以及GSK-2795039实验组。分组结束后,在gp91phox-tat实验组rd1小鼠腹腔内注射50μg溶于50μL 0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)的gp91phox-tat(购自Sigma公司),在GSK-2795039实验组小鼠腹腔内注射50μg溶于100μL 0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)的GSK-2795039(购自MCE公司),在PBS对照组小鼠腹腔内注射同等剂量的0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH7.4),连续注射5天。注射5天后,将rd1小鼠经水合氯醛过量麻醉处死,快速摘除眼球,至于OCT包埋剂中,迅速置于液氮中骤冷,-80℃冰箱保存待用;使用时经视盘及锯齿缘做7μm冰冻切片,每组6只小鼠12只眼;将获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,用4%(w/v,g/100mL)多聚甲醛室温固定15min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,苏木精染色20min,1%(v/v)盐酸乙醇分化20s,自来水浸泡20min,伊红染色2min,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,光学显微镜下观察并照相。每个眼球选取3张切片,每张切片选取后极部相同部位视网膜进行拍照并比较各组外核层厚度。实验结果见图11~13。
1.3、gp91phox与CD11b免疫荧光染色及共定位
gp91phox是NOX2的主要亚单位,CD11b单克隆抗体标记小胶质细胞。二者免疫荧光染色共定位观察NOX2在小胶质细胞中的表达情况。将步骤1.2获得的小鼠眼球冰冻切片自然晾干,冷丙酮固定10min,0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min,正常羊血清工作液封闭,室温(25℃)孵育10min,弃血清,勿洗;孵育来源不同种属的两个一抗(gp91phox来源于小鼠,CD11b来源于大鼠),4℃孵育过夜(16h),次日复温30min后经0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗,孵育与其相对应的FITC和TRITC(1:600,v/v),室温(25℃)孵育1h后经0.1mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次5min;含DAPI防荧光淬灭封片剂封片,荧光显微镜488nm波长下观察FITC绿色荧光、532nm波长下观察TRITC红色荧光并照相。实验结果见图14~16。
上述实验的实验结果采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行统计分析。计量资料经Shapiro-Wilk检验呈正态分布,以mean±SD表示。应用t检验比较给药组及对照组相同部位小鼠视网膜外核层厚度的差别。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2、实验结果
由图9~10可知,rd1小鼠玻璃体腔内注射VAS2870外核层厚度(22.33±1.42)较注射DMSO对照眼(20.16±2.08)并未无明显差异(P>0.05)。
由图11~13可知,与对照组(注射PBS)相比(23.08±1.23),腹腔内注射gp91phox-tat及GSK2795039使rd1小鼠外核层厚度明显增加(分别为37.10±1.67及38.23±2.02,P<0.05),即感光细胞丢失明显延迟。
由图14~16可知,与对照组(PBS)相比,腹腔内注射gp91phox-tat及GSK2795039CD11b阳性小胶质细胞活化及细胞内gp91phox表达明显减弱。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (4)
1.gp91phox-tat在制备治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述治疗和/或预防视网膜变性的药物还含有药物载体和/或药用辅料。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物载体选自微囊、微球、纳米粒或脂质体中的一种或一种以上。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药用辅料选自溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗黏合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂或释放阻滞剂中的一种或一种以上。
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