CN115963598B - An optical filter with integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler - Google Patents
An optical filter with integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种集成光栅辅助反向耦合器的光滤波器，包括：输入光波导，与微环滤波单元中的第一级集成光栅辅助反向耦合器的第一微环光滤波器的第一输入弯曲光栅辅助反向耦合器连接，用于输入待处理的光信号；微环滤波单元，包括第一级集成光栅辅助反向耦合器的第一微环光滤波器、第二级集成光栅辅助反向耦合器的第二微环光滤波器以及第三级反向耦合器，用于对光信号进行滤波；中间光波导单元，包括第一中间光波导、第二中间光波导和第三中间光波导，用于传输微环滤波单元中的光信号；输出光波导，与第三级反向耦合器的直输出周期性波纹波导连接，用于输出处理后的光信号。
The present invention provides an optical filter with an integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler, comprising: an input optical waveguide connected to a first input curved grating-assisted reverse coupler of a first microring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler in a microring filter unit, for inputting an optical signal to be processed; the microring filter unit, comprising a first microring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler, a second microring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating-assisted reverse coupler, and a third-stage reverse coupler, for filtering the optical signal; an intermediate optical waveguide unit, comprising a first intermediate optical waveguide, a second intermediate optical waveguide, and a third intermediate optical waveguide, for transmitting the optical signal in the microring filter unit; and an output optical waveguide connected to a straight output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler, for outputting the processed optical signal.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of optical fiber communication technology, and more particularly, to an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted reverse coupler.
Background
The advent of Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA) has led to a breakthrough in optical communications and a continual increase in the rate of optical fiber transmission networks. The optical filter uses an optical method and an optical element to realize a filtering function of an optical signal in the aspect of signal processing in the technical field of communication. Compared with the traditional electronic technology, the optical element has flexible and wide-range bandwidth characteristics, and can directly filter microwave signals with high frequency and broadband. Has great significance in the aspects of high-level application of broadband access, quantum communication, laser radar and astronomical system.
The ability to select a target band is an important indicator of an optical filter applied to microwave photon signal processing, which requires that the optical filter have a high roll-off rate and a narrower passband bandwidth, and the smaller the proportion of the passband bandwidth in a free spectral range (FREE SPECTRAL RANGE, abbreviated as FSR), the stronger the selectivity. The optical filter device based on integrated photonics is convenient for large-scale integration, and meanwhile, a mature semiconductor process processing platform is utilized, so that mass production with large scale and low cost can be realized. Common optical filters with narrow bandwidth and high roll-off rate usually adopt structures such as Bragg fiber gratings (Fiber Bragg Grating, abbreviated as FBGs), mach-Zehnder (abbreviated as MZ), micro-ring resonators (Microring Resonator, abbreviated as MRR) and the like, but the problems of large loss, large volume, high cost, poor stability, difficult adjustment and control and the like exist in the scheme, meanwhile, the traditional filters are limited by limited FSRs, and the selection capability of target frequency bands is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical filter that integrates a grating-assisted back coupler.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical filter integrating a grating-assisted back coupler, including:
The input optical waveguide is connected with a first input bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler of a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler in the micro-ring filtering unit and is used for inputting an optical signal to be processed;
The micro-ring filtering unit comprises a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a second micro-ring optical filter of a second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and a third-stage reverse coupler, and is used for filtering the optical signals;
The intermediate optical waveguide unit comprises a first intermediate optical waveguide, a second intermediate optical waveguide and a third intermediate optical waveguide and is used for transmitting the optical signals in the micro-ring filtering unit;
The first input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the first intermediate optical waveguide, the first output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the second intermediate optical waveguide, the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler through the third intermediate optical waveguide, and the output optical waveguide is connected with the direct output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler and used for outputting the processed optical signals.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler both comprise an input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler, an output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler and a connecting bending waveguide, wherein the connecting bending waveguide is arranged between the input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler so as to connect the input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler into a complete circular structure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler both comprise a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and a curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the corrugated shapes of the curved-bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide comprise rectangular shapes, sinusoidal shapes and trapezoidal shapes, the waveguide thickness, the corrugated period, the duty ratio, the period number and the bending radius of the curved-bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide are the same, the average waveguide width and the corrugated depth of the curved-micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide are larger than those of the curved-bus periodic corrugated waveguide so as to reduce the forward cross coupling coefficient of the input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler, the inner wall of the curved-bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the inner wall of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase matching condition so as to increase the coupling coefficient between the forward mode and the reverse mode in the waveguide, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the same waveguide in the curved-bus periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase mismatch condition so as to inhibit Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first input bent-grating auxiliary counter-coupler is connected with a second input bent-grating auxiliary counter-coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through a first intermediate optical waveguide, and comprises that the bent-bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first input bent-grating auxiliary counter-coupler is connected with the bent-bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second input bent-grating auxiliary counter-coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through a first intermediate optical waveguide;
The first output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through a second intermediate optical waveguide, and the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through a second intermediate optical waveguide;
The direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler through a third intermediate optical waveguide, and the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is connected with the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler through a third intermediate optical waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the ripple shapes of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide comprise a rectangle, a sine curve and a trapezoid, the waveguide thickness, the ripple period, the duty cycle and the period number of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide are the same, the average waveguide width and the ripple depth of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide are smaller than those of the direct output periodic ripple waveguide and are used for reducing the forward cross coupling coefficient of the back coupler, the two waveguide inner walls of the back coupler formed by the direct input periodic ripple waveguide and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide meet the phase matching condition and are used for increasing the coupling coefficient between the forward mode and the back mode in the waveguide, and the same waveguide inner wall and the same outer wall of the back coupler formed by the direct input periodic ripple waveguide and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide meet the phase mismatch condition and are used for inhibiting the Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the average waveguide width of the straight output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the average waveguide width of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide of the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter, the average waveguide width of the straight input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the average waveguide width of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter, and the waveguide thickness, the waveguide pitch, the ripple period, the duty cycle and the period number of the third-stage reverse coupler are the same as the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a difference in length between the second intermediate optical waveguide and the first intermediate optical waveguide is an integer multiple of a circumference of the microring.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the optical filters of the integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler are tuned in center wavelength, the micro-ring filter unit is further used for determining to independently tune the center wavelengths of the filter curves of the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third-stage counter coupler respectively, wherein the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third-stage counter coupler are tuned by utilizing a thermo-optic effect or an electro-optic effect.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler is connected by the micro-ring optical filter of the two-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, and then the optical filter is input into the reverse coupler to realize the filtering of the broadband optical signal, so that the technical effects of simple structure, low loss, small adjustment and control difficulty and no free spectral range are achieved while the filtering with narrow bandwidth and high roll-off rate are achieved.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic structure of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a first microring optical filter of a first stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and a second microring optical filter of a second stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler of an optical filter of an integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of the constituent structures of an input curved grating auxiliary back-coupler and an output curved grating auxiliary back-coupler of an optical filter incorporating a grating auxiliary back-coupler in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a filter line graph of a single integrated grating auxiliary back-coupler micro-ring optical filter of an integrated grating auxiliary back-coupler optical filter, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a filter line graph of a microring optical filter of two integrated grating-assisted back couplers of an optical filter of an integrated grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a third stage of a back coupler of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a spectral filtering line graph of a third stage of a back coupler of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 schematically illustrates a filter line graph of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the reference numerals
110 Input optical waveguide
120 Micro-ring optical filter unit
121 First-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler first micro-ring optical filter
122 Second microring optical filter of second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler
123 Third stage reverse coupler
130 Intermediate optical waveguide unit
131 First intermediate optical waveguide
132 Second intermediate optical waveguide
133 Third intermediate optical waveguide
140 Output optical waveguide
1211 Input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler
1212 Output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler
1213 Connecting curved waveguides
12111 Curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide
12112 Curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide
1231. Direct input periodic corrugated waveguide
1232. Direct output periodic corrugated waveguide
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It will be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the disclosure and are not limiting of the disclosure, as various features described in the embodiments may be combined to form multiple alternatives. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present disclosure are shown in the drawings.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general such a convention should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of one of skill in the art having generally understood the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" would include, but not be limited to, systems having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.). Where a formulation similar to at least one of "A, B or C, etc." is used, in general such a formulation should be interpreted in accordance with the ordinary understanding of one skilled in the art (e.g. "a system with at least one of A, B or C" would include but not be limited to systems with a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
The common optical filter with narrow bandwidth and high roll-off rate usually adopts the structures such as Bragg fiber bragg grating, mach-Zehnder, micro-ring resonator and the like, so that the problems of large loss, large volume, high cost, poor stability, large difficulty in adjustment and control and the like exist, and the optical filter is limited by a limited FSR, so that the selection capability of a target frequency band is limited.
In view of the above, the embodiment of the disclosure provides an optical filter of an integrated grating auxiliary back coupler, which comprises an input optical waveguide connected with a first input bent grating auxiliary back coupler of a first stage integrated grating auxiliary back coupler in a micro-ring filtering unit for inputting an optical signal to be processed, a micro-ring filtering unit comprising the first micro-ring optical filter of the first stage integrated grating auxiliary back coupler, a second micro-ring optical filter of the second stage integrated grating auxiliary back coupler and a third stage back coupler for filtering the optical signal, an intermediate optical waveguide unit comprising a first intermediate optical waveguide, a second intermediate optical waveguide and a third intermediate optical waveguide for transmitting the optical signal in the micro-ring filtering unit, wherein the first input bent grating auxiliary back coupler is connected with a second input bent grating auxiliary back coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the first intermediate optical waveguide, the first output bent grating auxiliary back coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with a second output bent back coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the second intermediate optical waveguide, and the second output bent back coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the third intermediate optical waveguide through the second intermediate optical waveguide, and the third output bent back coupler is connected with the third intermediate optical waveguide through the third intermediate waveguide.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic structure of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical filter includes an input optical waveguide 110, a micro-ring filtering unit 120, an intermediate optical waveguide unit 130, and an output optical waveguide 140.
An input optical waveguide 110 connected with a first input curved grating auxiliary back coupler of a first micro-ring optical filter 121 of a first stage integrated grating auxiliary back coupler in the micro-ring filtering unit 120 for inputting an optical signal to be processed.
The micro-ring filtering unit 120 includes a first micro-ring optical filter 121 of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a second micro-ring optical filter 122 of a second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, and a third-stage reverse coupler 123 for filtering an optical signal.
The intermediate optical waveguide unit 130 includes a first intermediate optical waveguide 131, a second intermediate optical waveguide 132 and a third intermediate optical waveguide 133 for transmitting the optical signal in the micro-ring filter unit, wherein the first input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter 122 through the first intermediate optical waveguide 131, the first output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter 121 is connected with the second output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter 122 through the second intermediate optical waveguide 132, and the direct input periodic ripple waveguide of the third stage counter coupler 123 is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler through the third intermediate optical waveguide 133.
And an output optical waveguide 140 connected to the direct output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third stage reverse coupler 123 for outputting the processed optical signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first microring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and the second microring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler are both the same in bending radius.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the average waveguide width of the straight output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the average waveguide width of the bent micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide of the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter, the average waveguide width of the straight input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the average waveguide width of the bent bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter, and the waveguide thickness, the waveguide spacing, the ripple period, the duty ratio and the period number of the third-stage reverse coupler are the same as the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the difference in length between the second intermediate optical waveguide and the first intermediate optical waveguide is an integer multiple of the circumference of the microring.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the micro-ring refers to a circular structure formed by a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and two connecting curved waveguides of an input curved grating auxiliary counter-coupler and an output curved grating auxiliary counter-coupler of a micro-ring optical filter of each integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler. The micro-ring optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler comprises a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and a second micro-ring optical filter of a second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, setting the length difference of the second intermediate optical waveguide and the first intermediate optical waveguide to be an integer multiple of the micro-ring perimeter will cause the phases of the filter curves of the first micro-ring optical filter 121 of the first stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter 122 of the second stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler to be phase shifted by no or only an integer multiple of 2pi.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a first broadband optical signal conducted in an input optical waveguide is subjected to first filtering at a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler to obtain a second optical signal, then the second optical signal is input into the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler through a first intermediate optical waveguide and a second intermediate optical waveguide to be subjected to second filtering to obtain a third optical signal, then the third optical signal is input into a third-stage counter coupler after being combined through the third intermediate optical waveguide so as to filter out a concave part and a narrow peak thereof in a third optical signal spectrum to obtain a fourth optical signal, and finally the fourth optical signal is output through an output optical waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, as the first micro-ring optical filter 121 of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter 122 of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler are utilized to perform the same filtering process twice, electromagnetic induction transparent (Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, EIT) spectrum is generated as a result of the superposition of the two filtering processes, so that the extinction ratio of a filtering curve is doubled, and meanwhile, the roll-off rate of spectral lines is improved.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler in the disclosure is connected by the micro-ring optical filter of the two-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, and then the micro-ring optical filter is input into the reverse coupler to realize the filtering of the broadband optical signal, so that the technical effects of simple structure, low loss, small volume, small adjustment and control difficulty and no free spectral range are achieved while the filtering with narrow bandwidth and high roll-off rate is achieved.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a first microring optical filter of a first stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and a second microring optical filter of a second stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler of an optical filter of an integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler each include 1211-1213.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler and a second micro-ring optical filter of a second-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler, each include:
An input curved grating auxiliary back coupler 1211;
An output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler 1212;
and a connecting curved waveguide 1213 disposed intermediate the input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler so as to connect the input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler into a complete circular structure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler comprises a first input bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a first output bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler and two first connecting bent waveguides, and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler comprises a second input bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a second output bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler and two second connecting bent waveguides.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler respectively comprise four ports, namely a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the ports can be divided into an input end, a through end, an uploading end and a downloading end according to the input port of an optical signal, when the first port is the input end, the second port is the through end, the third port is the uploading end and the fourth port is the downloading end, when the fourth port is the input end, the first port is the downloading end, the second port is the uploading end and the third port is the through end, and when the third port is the input end, the first port is the uploading end, the second port is the downloading end and the fourth port is the through end.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, after the broadband optical signal enters the input end of the micro-ring optical filter of each integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler, the wave band meeting the Bragg reflection condition is reversely coupled into the micro-ring optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler and further coupled to the downloading end, and the wave band not meeting the Bragg reflection condition is not coupled into the micro-ring optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bragg reflection condition is the following formula:
lambda 0＝Λ[neff,B(λ0)+neff,R(λ0) ] (one)
Where lambda 0 is the center wavelength of the filter, lambda is the grating period, n eff,B and n eff,R are the effective refractive indices of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide, respectively, both as a function of wavelength lambda. When the Bragg reflection condition is satisfied, only light waves or wave bands near the center wavelength lambda 0 can be coupled from one periodic corrugated waveguide to another periodic corrugated waveguide in the back coupler, and the rest light waves or wave bands can directly pass through the same input periodic corrugated waveguide, so that filtering is realized.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a first port of a first micro-ring optical filter of a first stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler is connected with an input optical waveguide, a second port is connected with a first intermediate optical waveguide, and a fourth port is connected with a second intermediate optical waveguide. The first micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler is connected with the first intermediate optical waveguide, the second port is connected with the third intermediate optical waveguide, and the third port is connected with the second intermediate optical waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the filtering process of the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler comprises the steps that an optical signal to be processed is input through a first port of the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a part of the optical signal is filtered through the first input bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler and then is output through a second port to obtain a second through optical signal, and the other part of the optical signal is coupled to a fourth port to obtain a second downloading optical signal. The filtering process of the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler comprises the steps that a second straight-through optical signal is input to a first port of the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler through a first intermediate optical waveguide, a third straight-through optical signal is obtained after the second port is subjected to straight-through filtering, a second downloading optical signal is input to a third port of the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler through a second intermediate optical waveguide, and a third downloading optical signal is obtained after the second port is subjected to downloading filtering.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of the constituent structures of an input curved grating auxiliary back coupler and an output curved grating auxiliary back coupler of an optical filter incorporating the grating auxiliary back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 3, the input curved grating auxiliary back coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary back coupler each include a curved bus periodic wave waveguide 12111 and a curved micro-ring periodic wave waveguide 12112.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler each include a curved bus periodic wave waveguide 12111 and a curved micro-ring periodic wave waveguide 12112.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of a first input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler is connected with a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of a second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of a second micro-ring optical filter through a first intermediate optical waveguide, a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of a first output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of a second output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through a second intermediate optical waveguide, and a straight input periodic corrugated waveguide of a third stage reverse coupler is connected with a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler through a third intermediate optical waveguide.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the width of the waveguide of the connecting bent waveguide is the same as the average width and the bending radius of the periodic corrugated waveguide of the bent micro-ring, and the connecting bent waveguide and the periodic corrugated waveguide of the bent micro-ring are connected into a circular shape with central symmetry.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the curved bus periodic wave waveguide 12111 is located at an upper position of the input or output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler, each optical signal will first pass through the curved bus periodic wave waveguide 12111 when entering the input or output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler, and the curved micro-ring periodic wave waveguide 12112 is located at a lower position of the input or output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler, and the curved bus periodic wave waveguides of the input and output curved grating auxiliary counter couplers and the two connecting curved wave waveguides 1213 form a micro-ring, i.e., the structure thereof is circular.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the corrugated shapes of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide comprise rectangular shapes, sinusoidal shapes and trapezoids, the waveguide thickness, the corrugated period, the duty cycle, the period number and the bending radius of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide are the same, the average waveguide width and the corrugated depth of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide are larger than those of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide so as to reduce the forward cross coupling coefficient of the input curved grating auxiliary back coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary back coupler, the inner wall of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the inner wall of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase matching condition so as to increase the coupling coefficient between the forward mode and the reverse mode in the waveguide, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the same waveguide in the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase mismatch condition so as to inhibit Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above phase mismatch condition is as follows according to a coupling coefficient formula:
Wherein kappa 0 is a coupling coefficient without mismatch, deltaL is an offset of gratings on both sides in the same waveguide, lambdaΛ is a grating period, deltaL/lambdaΛ is used to measure alignment degree of gratings on both sides in the same waveguide, when phase mismatch is satisfied, At this time, since κ=0, it is called phase mismatch.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the phase mismatch condition is satisfied, destructive interference between bragg gratings on the left and right sides of the periodic corrugated waveguide occurs, and at this time, there is almost no reflection in the transmission of the optical signal in the periodic corrugated waveguide.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned phase matching condition means that the coupling coefficient between the forward mode and the reverse mode of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the inner wall of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide is the smallest, that is, according to the coupling coefficient formula (two), when phase matching is satisfied,At this time, since κ=κ 0 is also the maximum value of κ, it is called phase matching.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the parameter setting of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler are identical, so as to ensure that the two optical filters have identical parameters, ensure that the two optical filters have identical filter curve shapes and Bragg reflection center wavelengths, and the length difference of the first intermediate waveguide and the second intermediate waveguide is an integral multiple of the circumference of the micro-ring, so that the optical signals to be processed are respectively subjected to two identical filtering processes at the through end and the download end, and an EIT spectrum is generated, the extinction ratio of the filter curve is increased by two times, and the roll-off rate of the spectral line is improved.
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a filter spectral line diagram of a single integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler micro-ring optical filter of an integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler optical filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 5 schematically illustrates filter spectral line diagrams of two integrated grating auxiliary counter-couplers micro-ring optical filters of an integrated grating auxiliary counter-coupler optical filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As can be seen from comparing the filtering with the micro-ring optical filter using one integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler with the filtering with the micro-ring optical filter using two integrated grating auxiliary counter couplers, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the micro-ring optical filter using two integrated grating auxiliary counter couplers generates EIT spectra with one narrow peak in the filtering spectra located in the groove, and the spectral line graph thereof has the advantages of narrower bandwidth and higher roll-off rate, as shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a schematic structure of a third stage of a back coupler of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, the third stage counter coupler includes a straight input periodic waveguide 1231 and a straight output periodic waveguide 1232.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the ripple shapes of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide 1231 and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide 1232 include rectangular, sinusoidal and trapezoidal, the waveguide thicknesses, ripple periods, duty cycles and periods of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide 1231 and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide 1232 are the same, the average waveguide width and ripple depth of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide 1231 are smaller than those of the direct output periodic ripple waveguide 1232 for reducing the forward cross coupling coefficient of the back coupler, the phase matching condition is satisfied between the two waveguide inner walls of the back coupler composed of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide 1231 and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide 1232 for increasing the coupling coefficient between the forward mode and the back mode in the waveguide, and the phase mismatch condition is satisfied between the same waveguide inner wall and the outer wall of the back coupler composed of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide 1231 and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide 1232 for suppressing the Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical signal input into the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide 1231 is filtered, a band satisfying the bragg reflection condition is downloaded from the fourth port of the direct output periodic corrugated waveguide 1232 through the third-stage reverse coupler, and a band not satisfying the bragg reflection condition is remained at the second port of the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide 1231.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the parameters of the direct-input periodic waveguide 1231 and the direct-output periodic waveguide 1232 are specifically set, which is beneficial to ensuring that the third-stage reverse coupler filters out the notch and the narrow peak thereof in the optical signal spectrum.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a spectral filtering line graph of a third stage of a back coupler of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, in the filtering spectral line diagrams of the download end and the through end of the third-stage reverse coupler, it can be seen that the center wavelength of the third-stage reverse coupler is identical to the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, so that the recess and the narrow peak thereof in the spectrum can be filtered out without changing the waveform of the third optical signal.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the optical filters of the integrated grating auxiliary counter coupler are tuned in center wavelength, the micro-ring filter unit is further used for determining to independently tune the center wavelengths of the filter curves of the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third-stage counter coupler respectively, wherein the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third-stage counter coupler are tuned by utilizing a thermo-optic effect or an electro-optic effect.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the third-stage reverse coupler can be independently tuned, the tuning of the center wavelength of the optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler can be realized, the bandwidth can be adjusted by respectively tuning the center wavelengths of the filtering spectral lines of the two micro-ring optical filters, namely, the difference of the alignment degree of the center wavelengths between the two micro-ring filters can lead to the difference of the thickness of synthesized peaks, and the bandwidth is adjusted.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical filter integrated with the grating-assisted back coupler may be an optical element.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a filter line graph of an optical filter integrated with a grating-assisted back coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a first broadband optical signal transmitted in an input optical waveguide firstly enters a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler for filtering, wherein the first broadband optical signal is divided into an input end and a downloading end for filtering to obtain a second straight-through end optical signal and a second downloading end optical signal, then the second straight-through end optical signal and the second downloading end optical signal are input into the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and are also divided into an input end and a downloading end for filtering to obtain a third straight-through end optical signal and a third downloading end optical signal, then the third straight-through end optical signal and the third downloading end optical signal are input into the third-stage reverse coupler after being combined in a third intermediate optical waveguide to obtain a fourth optical signal, and the fourth optical signal is output through an output optical waveguide, wherein the second straight-through end optical signal and the second downloading end optical signal are input into the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, the second micro-ring optical filter is also divided into the input end optical signal and the downloading end optical signal, the third straight-through the output optical waveguide is filtered, the third straight-through the output optical waveguide is shown in the graph of fig. 8 (c), the whole filtering spectral line of the optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler is the first micro-ring optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler is combined with the third micro-ring optical filter of the optical filter, and the third micro-ring optical filter is combined with the third filter.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 8 (c), the filtered optical signal output by the output optical waveguide has the advantages of no FSR, low loss, narrow bandwidth and high roll-off rate in the filtering spectral line, wherein the optical filter has a strong target band selection capability according to the advantages of no FSR.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An optical filter integrating a grating-assisted back coupler, comprising:
The input optical waveguide is connected with a first input bent grating auxiliary reverse coupler of a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler in the micro-ring filtering unit and is used for inputting an optical signal to be processed;
The micro-ring filtering unit comprises a first micro-ring optical filter of a first-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler, a second micro-ring optical filter of a second-stage integrated grating auxiliary reverse coupler and a third-stage reverse coupler, and is used for filtering the optical signals;
The intermediate optical waveguide unit comprises a first intermediate optical waveguide, a second intermediate optical waveguide and a third intermediate optical waveguide and is used for transmitting the optical signals in the micro-ring filtering unit;
The first input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the first intermediate optical waveguide, the first output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the second intermediate optical waveguide, and the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is connected with the second input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler through the third intermediate optical waveguide;
and the output optical waveguide is connected with the direct-output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler and is used for outputting the processed optical signals.
2. The integrated-grating-assisted back-coupler optical filter of claim 1, wherein the first micro-ring optical filter of the first-stage integrated-grating-assisted back-coupler and the second micro-ring optical filter of the second-stage integrated-grating-assisted back-coupler each comprise:
An input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler;
outputting a curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler;
And the connecting bending waveguide is arranged between the input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler so as to connect the input bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler and the output bending grating auxiliary reverse coupler into a complete circular structure.
3. The integrated grating-assisted back coupler optical filter of claim 2, wherein the input curved grating-assisted back coupler and the output curved grating-assisted back coupler each comprise a curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and a curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide.
4. The optical filter of an integrated grating-assisted back coupler of claim 3, wherein,
The corrugated shapes of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide comprise rectangular, sinusoidal and trapezoidal;
the waveguide thickness, the ripple period, the duty cycle, the period number and the bending radius of the bending bus periodic ripple waveguide and the bending micro-ring periodic ripple waveguide are the same;
The average waveguide width and the ripple depth of the curved micro-ring periodic ripple waveguide are both larger than those of the curved bus periodic ripple waveguide so as to reduce the forward cross coupling coefficients of the input curved grating auxiliary back coupler and the output curved grating auxiliary back coupler;
The inner wall of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the inner wall of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide meet a phase matching condition so as to increase a coupling coefficient between a forward mode and a reverse mode in the waveguide;
and the inner wall and the outer wall of the same waveguide in the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase mismatch condition so as to inhibit Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
5. The integrated grating-assisted back coupler optical filter of claim 3, wherein the first input curved grating-assisted back coupler is connected to a second input curved grating-assisted back coupler of the second microring optical filter by the first intermediate optical waveguide, comprising:
the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler is connected with the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the first intermediate optical waveguide;
The first output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the second output curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the second intermediate optical waveguide, and the first intermediate optical waveguide comprises:
The curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the first micro-ring optical filter is connected with the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second output curved grating auxiliary counter coupler of the second micro-ring optical filter through the second intermediate optical waveguide;
The direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third stage reverse coupler is connected with the second input curved grating auxiliary reverse coupler through the third intermediate optical waveguide, and the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide comprises:
the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third stage counter coupler is connected with the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the second input curved grating auxiliary counter coupler through the third intermediate optical waveguide.
6. The optical filter of the integrated grating-assisted back coupler of claim 3, wherein the waveguide width of the connecting curved waveguide is the same as the average waveguide width and the bend radius of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide;
the connecting curved waveguide and the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguide are connected into a circular shape with central symmetry.
7. The optical filter of an integrated grating-assisted back coupler of claim 1, wherein,
The corrugated shapes of the straight input periodic corrugated waveguide and the straight output periodic corrugated waveguide comprise a rectangle, a sine curve and a trapezoid;
The waveguide thickness, the ripple period, the duty ratio and the period number of the direct input periodic ripple waveguide and the direct output periodic ripple waveguide are the same;
The average waveguide width and the ripple depth of the straight-in periodic ripple waveguide are smaller than those of the straight-out periodic ripple waveguide, so that the forward cross coupling coefficient of the reverse coupler is reduced;
The two waveguide inner walls in the reverse coupler formed by the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide and the direct output periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase matching condition, and the phase matching condition is used for increasing the coupling coefficient between a forward mode and a reverse mode in the waveguide;
and the inner wall and the outer wall of the same waveguide in the reverse coupler formed by the direct input periodic corrugated waveguide and the direct output periodic corrugated waveguide meet the phase mismatch condition and are used for inhibiting Bragg reflection in the waveguide.
8. The optical filter of integrated grating-assisted back coupler of claim 1, wherein the average waveguide width of the straight output periodic corrugated waveguide of the third stage back coupler is the same as the average waveguide widths of the curved micro-ring periodic corrugated waveguides of the first and second micro-ring optical filters;
the average waveguide width of the straight-input periodic corrugated waveguide of the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the average waveguide width of the curved bus periodic corrugated waveguide of the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter;
the third-stage reverse coupler is the same as the first micro-ring optical filter and the second micro-ring optical filter in waveguide thickness, waveguide spacing, ripple period, duty cycle and period number.
9. The optical filter of an integrated grating-assisted back coupler of claim 1, wherein,
The difference in length between the second intermediate optical waveguide and the first intermediate optical waveguide is an integer multiple of the circumference of the microring.
10. The optical filter of the integrated grating auxiliary back coupler according to claim 1, wherein the micro-ring filtering unit is further configured to determine that the center wavelengths of the filtering curves of the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third stage back coupler are respectively tuned independently when the center wavelengths of the optical filters of the integrated grating auxiliary back coupler are tuned;
Wherein the first micro-ring optical filter, the second micro-ring optical filter and the third stage reverse coupler are tuned using a thermo-optic effect or an electro-optic effect.
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