CN115962268A - Speed reducer, control method thereof and electric off-road vehicle with speed reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a speed reducer, a control method thereof and an electric off-road vehicle provided with the speed reducer. The invention not only has the differential locking function in the four-wheel drive mode and the cross-country mode, but also can realize the decoupling of the non-drive reducer and the wheels in the two-wheel drive mode, better adapts to the cross-country working condition and the level working condition, reduces the abrasion of electric drive parts, saves energy consumption and enhances the cruising ability of the cross-country electric vehicle.

Description

Speed reducer, control method thereof and electric off-road vehicle with speed reducer

Technical Field

The invention relates to a speed reducer and a control method thereof, in particular to a speed reducer, a control method thereof and an electric off-road vehicle provided with the speed reducer.

Background

At present, new forms of energy pure electric vehicles in the market are usually for the owner to beat the comfortable road conditions in city and use more, and possess the electric automobile type of cross country performance few. The reason is that the new energy electric vehicle is often restricted by the endurance problem, and the power consumption economy must be considered, while the main off-road vehicle usually requires high power and good dynamic property, and puts higher requirements on the management of energy consumption. In addition, the off-road vehicle needs to have good trafficability, and when the adhesion between one or more tires and the road surface is reduced, the transmission system needs to have four-wheel drive and differential locking functions.

The electric four-wheel drive vehicle type can be provided with one set of electric driving system respectively at the front shaft and the rear shaft, when the condition that the two-wheel drive output meets the working condition requirement is identified, the vehicle controller can power off the motor serving as the auxiliary drive or give a small current, only the main drive motor drives the vehicle to run, and certain driving range can be saved. However, because the motor and the reducer of the auxiliary drive still run along with the wheel, the electromagnetic loss of the motor, the oil stirring loss of the gear of the reducer, the friction loss of the rotating part and the inertia loss of acceleration and deceleration exist, the power-saving effect is limited, and the requirements of people cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a speed reducer, a control method thereof and an electric off-road vehicle provided with the speed reducer, and aims to solve the technical problems that the speed reducer of the electric off-road vehicle not only has a differential locking function in a four-wheel drive mode and an off-road mode, but also can realize the decoupling of a non-drive speed reducer and wheels in a two-wheel drive mode, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.

The invention provides the following scheme:

the utility model provides a speed reducer, includes main reduction gear shaft 1 and is used for connecting the side gear 11 of whole car semi-axis, is provided with between main reduction gear shaft 1 and side gear 11 and connects tooth 2, connects side gear 15 and differential mechanism, differential mechanism is fixed in joint tooth cover 17, the external splines of joint tooth cover 17 correspond the matching with the internal splines of connecting tooth 2, main reduction gear shaft 1 with connect tooth 2 synchronous revolution, connect tooth 2 to one side extension a plurality of fixed column, be provided with the dog tooth at the tip of fixed column, connect side gear 15 to be located connect tooth 2 and have one side of fixed column, and connect be provided with on the side gear 15 with the ring that the dog tooth corresponds, one side of main reduction gear shaft is provided with shift fork control system, shift fork control system control shift fork 5 drives tooth cover 3, and tooth cover 3 promotes to connect tooth 2 and is reciprocating motion along the axis direction, through the dog tooth of connecting tooth 2 and the meshing and the separation of ring 151 of connecting side gear 15 to and connect tooth 2 and the inside and outside of joint tooth cover 17, realize the disconnection, joint and the locking of differential mechanism.

Further, motor control system includes executive motor 9, executive motor controller 10 with executive motor 9 electrical connection, executive motor 9's output shaft is worm axle 8, and worm axle 8 meshes with a driven sector tooth 7 mutually fixed mounting has shift fork axle 6 on the driven sector tooth 7, fixed mounting has shift fork 5 on the shift fork axle 6, shift fork 5 rotates along shift fork axle 6 for drive gear sleeve 3 is reciprocating motion on the shaft diameter of main reduction gear axle 1.

Further, the gear sleeve 3 is sleeved on the main speed reduction gear shaft 1, the shifting fork 5 and the gear sleeve 3 are rotatably connected with each other, and a return spring 16 is arranged between the connecting gear 2 and the joint gear sleeve 17.

Further, the main reduction gear shaft 1 is evenly provided with slots corresponding to the fixing columns of the connecting teeth 2 at intervals, and the fixing columns penetrate through the slots to realize synchronous rotation of the main reduction gear shaft 1 and the connecting teeth 2.

Further, still include first axle sliding sleeve 14 and second axle sliding sleeve 21, first axle sliding sleeve 14 is installed in final drive gear axle 1, second axle sliding sleeve 21 is installed in differential case 19.

Further, the final gear shaft 1 and the differential case 19 are each mounted with a bearing 4.

Further, the final gear shaft 1 is connected to a differential case 19 by a bolt 18, a pinion shaft 13 is provided in the differential case 19, the pinion shaft 13 is fixedly connected to the coupling sleeve 17, and a pinion is mounted in the coupling gear.

A speed reducer control method specifically comprises the following steps:

the speed reducer transmits power to a half shaft of the whole vehicle;

the shifting fork control system controls the shifting fork 5 to drive the gear sleeve 3 to move, and the gear sleeve 3 pushes the connecting teeth 2 to do reciprocating motion along the axis direction of the main reducing gear shaft 1;

one end of the connecting tooth 2 is meshed with the connecting side gear 15 through dog teeth of the connecting column, and/or: the other end of the connecting tooth 2 is connected with the inner spline and the outer spline of the connecting tooth sleeve 17, so that the differential can be switched between different states.

Further, the different states of the differential include: disconnection, connection and locking.

An electric off-road vehicle is provided with a speed reducer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention controls the shifting fork to drive the gear sleeve through the shifting fork control system, the gear sleeve pushes the connecting teeth to do reciprocating motion along the axis direction, and the disconnection, connection and locking of the differential are realized through the engagement and separation of the dog teeth of the connecting teeth and the gear ring of the half axle gear and the connection of the connecting teeth and the inner spline and the outer spline of the connecting gear sleeve.

The invention can be applied to an electric off-road vehicle, a set of electric driving system (driving motor + speed reducer) can be respectively arranged on the front shaft and the rear shaft of the whole vehicle, the speed reducer is controlled by a shifting fork control system through a shifting fork, and three states of disconnection, connection and differential locking of a differential can be realized under the instruction of an executing motor controller, so that the electric off-road vehicle is respectively used for a two-wheel drive energy-saving mode, a general four-wheel drive mode and an off-road mode.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the speed reducer.

Fig. 2 is a sectional configuration view of the speed reducer.

Fig. 3 is an exploded structural view of the decelerator.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the main reduction gear shaft.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the final reduction gear shaft.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the coupling tooth.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the coupling tooth.

Fig. 8 is a combined structure view of the connecting teeth, the side gear, the return spring, and the differential.

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the connecting teeth, the side gear, the return spring, and the differential.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting teeth, side gear, return spring, and differential.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting teeth, side gear, return spring, differential from another perspective.

Fig. 12 is a structural view of the differential in an open state.

Fig. 13 is a structural view of the differential in an engaged state.

Fig. 14 is a structural view of the differential in a locked state.

Fig. 15 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 14 (dog teeth of the connecting teeth are engaged with a ring gear of the connecting side gear).

FIG. 16 is a flow chart diagram of a retarder control method.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a four-drive vehicle and a two-drive vehicle in different modes.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: the gear type speed reducer comprises a main reduction gear shaft 1, a connecting tooth 2, a gear sleeve 3, a bearing 4, a shifting fork 5, a shifting fork shaft 6, driven sector teeth 7, a worm shaft 8, an executing motor 9, an executing motor controller 10, a side gear 11, a planetary gear 12, a planetary gear shaft 13, a first half shaft sliding sleeve 14, a connecting side gear 15, a return spring 16, an engaging gear sleeve 17, a bolt 18, a differential case 19, a planetary gear 20 and a second half shaft sliding sleeve 21.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the overall, exploded and sectional structure diagram of the speed reducer includes a main reduction gear shaft 1 and a side gear 11 for connecting a half shaft of a whole vehicle, a connecting tooth 2, a connecting side gear 15 and a differential are provided between the main reduction gear shaft 1 and the side gear 11, the differential is fixed in a connecting gear sleeve 17, an external spline of the connecting gear sleeve 17 is correspondingly matched with an internal spline of the connecting tooth 2, the speed reducer is characterized in that the main reduction gear shaft 1 and the connecting tooth 2 rotate synchronously, the connecting tooth 2 extends out of a plurality of fixing posts to one side, and dog teeth are provided at the end portions of the fixing posts. The dog-teeth function to enable the dog-teeth to be fitted into the ring gear 151 connecting the side gear 15, while enabling locking and synchronous rotation of the connecting teeth 2 and the connecting side gear 15. In this embodiment, the end of the fixed column refers to the side close to the connecting side gear 15 and far away from the engaging gear sleeve 17, the connecting side gear 15 is located on the side of the connecting gear 2 with the fixed column, and a gear ring corresponding to the dog teeth is arranged on the connecting side gear 15, a shift fork control system is arranged on one side of the main reduction gear shaft, the shift fork control system controls the shift fork 5 to drive the gear sleeve 3, the gear sleeve 3 pushes the connecting gear 2 to reciprocate along the axis direction, and the disconnection, engagement and locking of the differential are realized through the engagement and separation of the dog teeth of the connecting gear 2 and the gear ring of the connecting side gear 15 and the engagement of the connecting gear 2 and the internal and external splines of the engaging gear sleeve 17.

Specifically, the motor control system comprises an executing motor 9 and an executing motor controller 10, wherein the executing motor controller 10 is electrically connected with the executing motor 9, an output shaft of the executing motor 9 is a worm shaft 8, the worm shaft 8 is meshed with a driven sector gear 7, a shifting fork shaft 6 is fixedly installed on the driven sector gear 7, a shifting fork 5 is fixedly installed on the shifting fork shaft 6, and the shifting fork 5 rotates along the shifting fork shaft 6 and is used for driving a gear sleeve 3 to reciprocate on the shaft diameter of a main reducing gear shaft 1.

Specifically, the gear sleeve 3 is sleeved on the main reduction gear shaft 1, the shifting fork 5 and the gear sleeve 3 are rotatably connected with each other, and a return spring 16 is arranged between the connecting gear 2 and the engaging gear sleeve 17.

Specifically, the main reduction gear shaft 1 is provided with the slots 101 and the slots 102 corresponding to the fixing columns of the connecting teeth 2 at intervals, the fixing columns penetrate through the slots to realize synchronous rotation of the main reduction gear shaft 1 and the connecting teeth 2, and the synchronous rotation means that the main reduction gear shaft 1 and the connecting teeth 2 rotate towards one direction simultaneously, including simultaneously performing anticlockwise rotation or simultaneously performing clockwise rotation.

Specifically, the differential gear further comprises a first half shaft sliding sleeve 14 and a second half shaft sliding sleeve 21, wherein the first half shaft sliding sleeve 14 is installed in the main speed reduction gear shaft 1, and the second half shaft sliding sleeve 21 is installed in the differential case 19.

Specifically, the final gear shaft 1 and the differential case 19 are each mounted with a bearing 4.

Specifically, the final gear shaft 1 is connected to a differential case 19 by a bolt 18, a pinion shaft 13 is provided in the differential case 19, the pinion shaft 13 is fixedly connected to a joint sleeve 17, and a pinion is mounted in the joint sleeve.

Illustratively, the actuator motor controller 10 can control the rotation stroke of the actuator motor 9 to rotate the worm shaft 8 of the actuator motor 9, thereby controlling the rotation angle of the driven sector 7 meshed with the worm shaft 8. Driven sector 7 and declutch shift shaft 6 fixed connection, fork 5 link firmly with declutch shift shaft 6 through the fixed pin equally, and fork 5 rotates along declutch shift shaft 6, can drive gear sleeve 3 and carry out reciprocating motion, for example the horizontal slip on the shaft diameter of main reduction gear shaft 1. The return spring 16 is compressed when the toothed sleeve 3 pushes the coupling tooth 2. When the gear sleeve 3 is far away from the connecting gear 2, the return spring 16 applies restoring force to the connecting gear 2, so that the connecting gear 2 is always abutted against the gear sleeve 3. The upper end surface of the main reducing gear shaft 1 is provided with a slotted structure, and the connecting teeth 2 can penetrate into the slotted structure and rotate together with the main reducing gear shaft. The connecting tooth 2 is provided with an internal spline which can be connected with the internal spline on the engaging tooth sleeve 17, and the connecting tooth 2 is also provided with a dog-tooth structure which can be engaged with the dog-tooth connected with the corresponding position on the side gear 15. The planetary gears 12, the planetary gears 20, and the engaging gear sleeves 17 are mounted on the planetary gear shafts 13. The final gear shaft 1 and the differential case 19 are connected by bolts 18.

As shown in fig. 8 to 15, when the speed reducer and the vehicle mounted with the speed reducer are switched between different states of the differential, the speed reducer performs the following actions under the actions of the actuating motor controller 10 and the actuating motor 9:

as shown in fig. 12, when the differential is in the off state, the whole half axle drives the side gear 11, the connecting side gear 15, the planetary gear 12, the planetary gear 20, the engaging gear sleeve 17 and the planetary gear shaft 13 to rotate together, that is, the whole differential is driven by the whole half axle to rotate, at this time, the connecting gear 2 is not combined with the engaging gear sleeve 17 and the connecting side gear 15, and the actuating motor 9 does not work, so that the main reducing gear shaft 1, the connecting gear 2 and the differential case 19 of the reducer do not rotate. At the moment, the whole vehicle half shaft and the differential have relative motion, and the first half shaft sliding sleeve 14 and the second half shaft sliding sleeve 21 have the functions of reducing the friction coefficient and reducing the abrasion of parts. As can be seen from the figure, the coupling tooth 2 is urged by the return spring 16 in a direction away from the engaging sleeve 17, the internal spline of the coupling tooth 2 is in a non-meshing state with the external spline of the engaging sleeve 17, and the fixed post 202 of the coupling tooth 2 is also in a non-meshing state with the ring gear 151 of the coupling side gear 15.

As shown in fig. 13, when the differential is in the engaged state, the internal splines of the coupling teeth 2 are engaged with the external splines of the engaging sleeve 17, and therefore the dog teeth 2021 and the dog teeth 2022 of the coupling teeth 2 are not engaged with the ring gear 151 of the connecting side gear 15, the coupling teeth 2 are moved in the direction approaching the engaging sleeve 17 by the pushing of the shift fork 5 and the sleeve 3, the return spring 16 is pressed, the internal splines of the coupling teeth 2 on the side approaching the engaging sleeve 17 are engaged with the external splines of the engaging sleeve 17 to form a power transmission path, but the dog teeth 2021 on the fixing posts 201 of the coupling teeth 2 are not engaged with the ring gear 151 of the connecting side gear 15, that is, in the unlocked state. The driving motor works to transmit the whole torque to the half shaft of the whole vehicle, and the differential mechanism has a differential function when the vehicle turns in an engaged state.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, when the differential is in a locked state, the internal splines of the connecting teeth 2 are engaged with the external splines of the engaging gear sleeve 17, and simultaneously the dog teeth 2021 on the fixing posts 201 of the connecting teeth 2 are engaged with the gear ring 151 connected with the side gear 15, so that when the driving motor works, not only the whole torque is transmitted to the half shafts of the whole vehicle, but also the half shafts at the left and right ends are locked with the differential case, and when the vehicle is in a working condition such as getting out of the trouble, the vehicle is not slipped by one side of the tire to lose power.

In conclusion, when the embodiment of the invention is applied to electric off-road vehicles, the execution motor controller 10 can send out corresponding instructions according to road conditions and use requirements, and the rotation angle displacement is controlled through current, so that the connecting teeth 2 are kept at three positions, and three states of disconnection, connection and locking of the differential are respectively realized. And then for electric cross country vehicle provide two drive energy-conserving mode, general four-wheel drive mode and cross country mode, can arrange above example on the auxiliary drive axle, and on the main drive axle, only need differential mechanism possess joint and three kinds of states of locking, need not the disconnection function, can simplify the structural arrangement.

As shown in fig. 16, the present invention further provides a retarder control method and an electric off-road vehicle having the retarder installed thereon, wherein the method specifically includes the steps of:

step S1, a speed reducer transmits power to a half shaft of the whole vehicle;

s2, controlling a shifting fork 5 to drive a gear sleeve 3 to move by a shifting fork control system, and pushing the connecting teeth 2 to do reciprocating motion along the axis direction of the main reducing gear shaft 1 by the gear sleeve 3;

step S3, one end of the connecting tooth 2 is engaged with the connecting side gear 15 through the dog teeth of the connecting column, and/or: the other end of the connecting tooth 2 is engaged with the inner spline and the outer spline of the engaging gear sleeve 17, so that the different states of the differential are switched.

In the method steps disclosed in the above embodiments, the method steps are expressed as a series of action combinations for simplicity of description, but those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are not limited by the described action sequence, because some steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously according to the embodiments. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required to implement the invention.

Any process or method descriptions depicted in flow charts or otherwise may be understood as: representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be executed and implemented other than in the order illustrated or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, or in which loop, branch, etc. program structures may be executed by computer instructions and the corresponding functions may be implemented, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of implementing embodiments of the present invention.

An electric off-road vehicle is provided with a speed reducer. Alternatively, in the embodiment of the present invention, a differential is provided in the reduction gear, and in many cases, those skilled in the art may refer to such a reduction gear provided with a differential as a reduction gear-differential assembly, which has the same meaning as that of the reduction gear in the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the schematic structural diagram of the four-wheel drive vehicle and the two-wheel drive vehicle in different modes in fig. 17, the embodiment of the invention provides a reducer of an off-road electric vehicle, wherein a set of electric drive system (drive motor + reducer) is respectively arranged on a front axle and a rear axle of the whole vehicle, an execution system is arranged on the reducer, the execution system acts on the position of a differential mechanism, and under the instruction of a controller, three states of disconnection, connection and differential locking of the differential mechanism can be realized, so that the reducer is respectively used in a two-wheel drive energy-saving mode, a general four-wheel drive mode and an off-road mode.

In the two-drive energy-saving mode, an electric drive system defined as a main drive on the front axle and the rear axle works, a differential mechanism in a speed reducer is in a combined state, an electric drive system defined as an auxiliary drive does not work, and the differential mechanism in the speed reducer is in a disconnected state; in general four-wheel drive mode, two electric drive systems on the front and rear shafts work, and the differential mechanism in the speed reducer is in a combined state. In the cross-country mode, the adhesion state of four tires and the road surface is identified through the whole vehicle, the speed reducers on the front shaft and the rear shaft can be manually or automatically controlled, the differential enters a differential locking state, and the whole vehicle escaping capability is improved.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, different manufacturers and manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. The description and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function.

All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example: any of the embodiments claimed in the claims may be used with the embodiments of the invention in any combination.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, the functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist alone, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive. Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order, but rather the words are to be construed as names.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed and operated in specific orientations, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable coupling as well as integral coupling; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected", "fixed", and the like are to be understood broadly, for example, "fixed" may be fixedly connected, may be detachably connected, or may be integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The following description is of the preferred embodiment for carrying out the invention, but the description is made for the purpose of general principles of the specification and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components. The terms "a," "an," "two," "1," "2," "n-" and the like, as they relate to ordinal numbers, do not necessarily denote the order of execution or importance of the features, elements, steps, or components identified by the terms, but are used merely for identification among the features, elements, steps, or components for clarity of description.

It is to be noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising one of 8230; \8230;" 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The speed reducer comprises a main speed reduction gear shaft (1) and a half shaft gear (11) used for connecting a whole vehicle half shaft, wherein connecting teeth (2), a connecting half shaft gear (15) and a differential are arranged between the main speed reduction gear shaft (1) and the half shaft gear (11), the differential is fixed in a connecting tooth sleeve (17), external splines of the connecting tooth sleeve (17) are correspondingly matched with internal splines of the connecting teeth (2), the speed reducer is characterized in that the main speed reduction gear shaft (1) and the connecting teeth (2) synchronously rotate, a plurality of fixing columns extend out of one side of the connecting teeth (2), dog teeth are arranged at the end parts of the fixing columns, the connecting half shaft gear (15) is located on one side, provided with the fixing columns, of the connecting teeth (2), a gear ring corresponding to the dog teeth is arranged on the connecting half shaft gear (15), a shifting fork control system is arranged on one side of the main speed reduction gear shaft, a shifting fork (5) is used for driving the tooth sleeve (3), the connecting teeth (2) are pushed to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction, the dog teeth and the external splines of the connecting teeth (15) are meshed with the external splines of the connecting teeth (17) and the connecting teeth (2) and are disconnected from the external splines, and the connecting teeth (17).

2. A reducer according to claim 1, in which the motor control system includes an executing motor (9) and an executing motor controller (10), the executing motor controller (10) is electrically connected to the executing motor (9), the output shaft of the executing motor (9) is a worm shaft (8), the worm shaft (8) is meshed with a driven sector gear (7), a fork shaft (6) is fixedly mounted on the driven sector gear (7), a fork (5) is fixedly mounted on the fork shaft (6), and the fork (5) rotates along the fork shaft (6) to drive the gear sleeve (3) to reciprocate on the shaft diameter of the main reducing gear shaft (1).

3. A reducer according to claim 2, in which the sleeve gear (3) is fitted around the final gear shaft (1), the fork (5) and the sleeve gear (3) are rotatably connected to each other, and a return spring (16) is provided between the connecting teeth (2) and the engaging sleeve gear (17).

4. A reducer according to claim 1, in which slots corresponding to the fixed posts of the connecting teeth (2) are evenly spaced on the main reduction gear shaft (1), and the fixed posts pass through the slots to achieve synchronous rotation of the main reduction gear shaft (1) and the connecting teeth (2).

5. A reducer according to claim 1, further comprising a first half-shaft runner (14) and a second half-shaft runner (21), said first half-shaft runner (14) being mounted in the final drive shaft (1) and said second half-shaft runner (21) being mounted in the differential case (19).

6. Decelerator according to claim 5, characterized in that the final reduction gear shaft (1) and the differential housing (19) are each fitted with a bearing (4).

7. Retarder according to claim 1, characterised in that the final reduction gear shaft (1) is connected to a differential housing (19) by means of bolts (18), in which differential housing (19) there is arranged a planet gear shaft (13), in which planet gear shaft (13) there is fixedly connected the engagement sleeve (17), in which engagement gear there is arranged a planet gear.

8. A speed reducer control method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:

the speed reducer transmits power to a half shaft of the whole vehicle;

the shifting fork control system controls the shifting fork (5) to drive the gear sleeve (3) to move, and the gear sleeve (3) pushes the connecting gear (2) to reciprocate along the axis direction of the main reducing gear shaft (1);

one end of the connecting tooth (2) is meshed with the connecting side gear (15) through the dog teeth of the connecting column, and/or: the other end of the connecting tooth (2) is engaged with the inner spline and the outer spline of the engaging gear sleeve (17) to realize the switching of different states of the differential.

9. The retarder control method of claim 8, wherein the different states of the differential include: disconnection, connection and locking.

10. An electric off-road vehicle, characterized in that a decelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is installed therein.

Images