CN115948173A - Biomass carbonization process and treatment equipment - Google Patents
Biomass carbonization process and treatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115948173A CN115948173A CN202211578698.6A CN202211578698A CN115948173A CN 115948173 A CN115948173 A CN 115948173A CN 202211578698 A CN202211578698 A CN 202211578698A CN 115948173 A CN115948173 A CN 115948173A
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a biomass carbonization process and treatment equipment, which comprises a drying part, a carbonization part, an electromechanical part and an external device, wherein after biomass raw materials enter the drying part, the biomass raw materials are heated and exhausted while being lifted and stirred, are dried and are conveyed to the top of the carbonization part, are heated and carbonized in the pressurizing and settling process, are cooled in a heat preservation way, and are hermetically discharged to the external device for collection, the obtained carbon-based material is used for manufacturing other high-carbon materials, carbon in the biomass waste is sealed in the carbon-based material, high-temperature gas and cooling waste heat generated in the drying and carbonization treatment process are used for drying and heating, the decomposed combustible gas is used as energy for carbonization and heating, the waste water is purified and then utilized, and the flue gas is discharged after being cleaned. The beneficial effects are that: the method has the advantages of reducing various treatment costs of the biomass waste, realizing resource utilization, converting organic carbon into inorganic carbon, sealing and storing the inorganic carbon in the material, reducing carbon emission and promoting carbon neutralization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a biomass carbonization process and treatment equipment.
Background
At present, in the industries of agriculture, forestry production, urban greening operation and maintenance and the like, various biomass wastes are mainly treated by methods of abandonment, incineration and the like. The abandoned treatment not only pollutes the environment and occupies the land, but also releases a great amount of CH due to the decomposition of organic matters 4 、CO 2 Greenhouse gases, and other harmful gases; the incineration treatment not only produces toxic and harmful gases, but also discharges a large amount of greenhouse gases, is not beneficial to realizing carbon neutralization, and the incineration products are mostly ash, so that the recycling value is low, and the economic benefit is poor.
In building materials, the wall material accounts for a large proportion, but most of the existing wall materials are cement mortar products, such as sand aerated building blocks, ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) wallboards, GRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) wallboards, and the like, so that the wall materials are not only heavy in weight, but also not beneficial to realizing energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, the carbon-based material has very important practical significance when being used for materials such as buildings and the like.
The term "carbon-based material" in the present invention is defined as a product of biomass subjected to high-temperature carbonization, including aggregates and powder, and is a raw material for producing other high-carbon materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biomass carbonization process and treatment equipment to solve the problems in the background technology, and the main purposes of the invention are as follows:
firstly, the resource utilization of the garbage is realized. The biomass is carbonized under the condition of oxygen deficiency to generate carbon-based materials with high carbon content, and the carbon-based materials can be used for manufacturing other high-carbon materials, thereby realizing the resource utilization of biomass waste.
And secondly, the emission of biomass waste carbon is reduced. The biomass is certain carbon-containing compounds comprising most of hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof, and the carbonization treatment of the biomass can convert organic carbon into inorganic carbon and lock most of carbon elements in the carbon-based materials, thereby reducing the carbon emission of biomass wastes, such as CO generated in the incineration of the biomass wastes 2 Will decompose into CH in landfill 4 、CO 2 。
Thirdly, the treatment cost of the biomass waste is reduced. The biomass waste carbonization treatment equipment disclosed by the invention is small in volume and simple to operate, can be arranged nearby, and reduces the consumption of the cost of manpower, economy, energy and the like in the links of collection, transportation, treatment and the like of biomass waste, such as the on-site treatment of rural straws and the like.
Fourthly, the energy consumption of garbage disposal is reduced. Most of the carbonization processes of biomass wastes are endothermic reactions, which consume a large amount of heat. In order to reduce energy consumption, the invention needs to adopt efficient heat preservation measures to heat by utilizing waste heat as much as possible, and particularly, combustible gas generated in the carbonization process is fully utilized as carbonization energy, so that the invention not only needs to save energy, but also needs to reduce pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a carbonization technology and treatment facility of living beings, includes drying portion, carbonization portion, electromechanical portion and external device, wherein, drying portion and carbonization portion set up perpendicularly, upper portion intercommunication, constitute n shape structure, its characterized in that: the biomass raw material after crushing treatment enters a drying part from a feeding hole, is heated and exhausted while being lifted and stirred, is dried and loaded to the top of a carbonization part, is sequentially heated and carbonized, cooled in a heat preservation way and hermetically discharged to an external device in the pressurizing and settling process to be collected to form the carbon-based material.
The promotion stirring refers to the hoisting device that sets up in the drying portion upwards promotes biomass raw materials to constantly stirring, exhaust air, the inside of drying portion from up in proper order for with the isolated feeding chamber of atmosphere, dry chamber, transport the chamber down. The feed inlet is big end down, and the lower part is linked together with the feeding chamber, and by the oral area of living beings raw materials shutoff feeding chamber, prevents that the air from getting into feeding chamber, dry chamber, ensures subsequent drying and carbonization.
The heating exhaust means that biomass raw materials are heated by an electric heating device arranged inside the lifting device and a waste heat heating device arranged on the outer surface of the drying cavity in a surrounding mode in the lifting and stirring process, and high-temperature gas such as steam and volatile matters is exhausted into the exhaust cavity from an exhaust hole formed in the side wall of the top of the transfer cavity.
Drying and transferring means that the biomass raw material is dried after being heated and exhausted, and is pushed into an extrusion cavity of the carbonization part by a transfer mechanism arranged in the transfer cavity to form a material to be carbonized.
The pressurizing sedimentation refers to that the material to be carbonized is pushed and pressurized by an extrusion mechanism arranged in the center of the top of the extrusion cavity, is uniformly distributed in the extrusion cavity, is downwards sedimented, and sequentially enters the carbonization cavity, the heat preservation cavity, the cooling cavity and the carbon outlet cavity.
The heating carbonization means that the material to be carbonized is heated by an electric heating device arranged on the outer surface of the carbonization cavity in a surrounding way and a combustion chamber arranged in the carbonization part to generate high-temperature carbide.
The heat preservation and cooling means that the sedimentation process of the high-temperature carbide in the heat preservation cavity reaches the set heat preservation time, and then the high-temperature carbide enters the cooling cavity to be cooled into the carbon-based material at the normal temperature; gas generated in the heating carbonization and heat preservation cooling processes rises and sequentially flows through the extrusion cavity, the transfer cavity and the exhaust hole to enter the exhaust cavity.
The closed discharge means that the carbon-based material is settled to a carbon discharge cavity, pushed out to a lifter arranged at the outer side of the carbonization part through a tubular screw conveyor and conveyed to a carbon storage barrel by the lifter.
The carbonization part is internally of a closed, isometric, vertical and high-temperature-resistant drum structure and sequentially comprises an extrusion cavity, a carbonization cavity, a heat preservation cavity, a cooling cavity and a carbon outlet cavity from top to bottom, wherein the extrusion cavity is communicated with the exhaust transfer cavity, and a condenser pipe is surrounded and arranged on the outer surface of the cooling cavity; the condensing pipe is spiral, and the upper end and the lower end of the condensing pipe are respectively connected with the top interface and the bottom interface of the heat exchange cavity.
The combustion chamber is a vertical high-temperature-resistant circular tube structure, penetrates through the centers of the carbonization chamber, the heat preservation chamber, the cooling chamber and the carbon outlet chamber, the upper part of the combustion chamber is communicated with the top of the flue gas chamber through a bent tube and is fixed with the wall of the carbonization chamber, the lower part of the combustion chamber is fixed with the bottom of the carbon outlet chamber, the bottom of the combustion chamber is communicated with the atmosphere, and a combustion device is arranged in the combustion chamber;
burner sensor is in proper order from the top down to burner, some firearm, the nozzle, the trachea, the fan, the nozzle is located the plane center in the combustion chamber, highly be located the well upper portion in heat preservation chamber, its lower part and trachea intercommunication, it is fixed, the bottom air intake at the combustion chamber is fixed to the fan, nozzle sensor real-time detection combustion temperature, lay along the trachea with some firearm together, it is fixed, the nozzle is connected to the trachea top, the lower part truns into violently the pipe through the elbow, transversely wear out the combustion chamber in the top of fan, and be connected with the solenoid valve that gas pipeline and outside reserve gas inserted.
The inside temperature of drying portion is low down for going up, and the heating in heating exhaust and the dry transportation is given first place to with the heating of waste heat heating device, just starts electric heater unit when the temperature is not enough and heats. The waste heat heating device comprises an exhaust cavity, a heat exchange cavity and a smoke cavity, wherein the exhaust hole is communicated with the exhaust cavity. The gas that produces among drying, carbonization, the heat preservation is high temperature gas, and the caloric content is higher, and these gases flow from the top down after flowing into the exhaust chamber from the exhaust hole, are cooled gradually when heating dry portion inner wall, become the gas-liquid mixture, flow into the gas-liquid separation mechanism that the exhaust chamber bottom set up, and the combustible gas of separation connects to burner through gas pipeline.
High-temperature flue gas that the burning produced in the combustion chamber passes through the return bend and gets into the top of gas chamber after the downward flow, is cooled off gradually in heating drying portion inner wall, becomes gas-liquid mixture, flows into the gas cleaning mechanism that gas chamber bottom set up, and the flue gas is discharged through the chimney after purifying.
The high-temperature refrigerant in the condensing pipe flows in from the top of the heat exchange cavity and then flows downwards, is gradually cooled while heating the inner wall of the drying part, then flows out from the bottom of the heat exchange cavity and is pumped into the condensing pipe at the bottom layer outside the cooling cavity.
The heating temperature of the carbonization cavity is gradually increased from top to bottom, the electric heating device is started to heat when the temperature is insufficient and the combustion chamber mainly heats; the carbonization depth of the carbon-based material is divided into primary carbonization, secondary carbonization, tertiary carbonization and quaternary carbonization, is related to heating temperature, heat preservation time and sedimentation speed, and is controlled by an electromechanical part; the sedimentation speed and the stirring speed are related to the discharge speed of the carbon-based material out of the carbon cavity and are controlled by an electromechanical part.
The height of the drying part and the height of the carbonization part are equal, the base of the drying part and the carbonization part are of a steel integral structure, the feeding cavity and the carbon outlet cavity are positioned in the base, and the lower part of the feeding cavity is also provided with a drainage tank and a transmission mechanism of a driving lifting device driven by a motor. The carbon outlet cavity and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber are equal in height and are fixed on the base in an overhead mode, the overhead and vacant space is a cavity of the base, other devices are arranged, and a channel for air entering the combustion chamber is formed. The two sides of the bottom of the combustion chamber of the tubular screw conveyor are respectively provided with 1 set, and part of the tube wall and the cavity bottom of the carbon outlet cavity form an integral and sealed W-shaped cavity bottom to prevent air from entering the carbon outlet cavity.
The base of drying portion, carbonization portion above the part all is equipped with outer heat preservation, and outer heat preservation is multilayer structure, and the heat preservation of the innermost adopts inorganic high temperature resistant insulation material, and the heat preservation in the outside adopts the insulation material that the steam permeability coefficient is little, and the outward appearance of outer heat preservation still is equipped with overall structure's protecting sheathing.
The gas-liquid separation mechanism and the flue gas purification mechanism are integrated on the lower portion of the outer surface of the drying cavity and composed of a separation cavity, a limiting cavity, a waste water cavity and a waste liquid cavity, wherein the tops of the limiting cavity and the waste water cavity are communicated with each other, the top and the bottom of the separation cavity are respectively communicated with the top of the waste liquid cavity and the bottom of the limiting cavity and are vertically communicated with the exhaust cavity, and a gas-liquid mixture in the exhaust cavity is received. Combustible gas in the gas-liquid mixture is discharged through a gas pipeline arranged at the top of the waste liquid cavity, liquid is layered in the separation cavity, mixed liquid with low density flows into the waste liquid cavity from the upper part, and liquid with high density flows into the waste water cavity after flowing into the limiting cavity from the bottom, so that the waste water is obtained. The highest liquid level of the limiting cavity is lower than that of the separation cavity and higher than that of the waste water cavity and the waste liquid cavity. The top in waste liquid chamber is equipped with level sensor, and the bottom is equipped with the delivery pipe, and the delivery pipe links to each other with the collection container with the pump that sets up in the base. The bottom in waste water chamber is equipped with the drain pipe, and the top is equipped with level sensor, shower head and chimney to communicate perpendicularly with the flue gas chamber, waste water flows into the waste water chamber in the flue gas chamber, and the flue gas discharges through the chimney after the shower head water spray washs, and sewage, waste water purify the back through the purifier who sets up in the base, and partly are gone into the shower head by the pump, and another part is stored in the water tank of external device.
The external device comprises a power supply, a water tank, a carbon storage barrel, a standby gas, a carbon-based material conveying device and a biomass raw material storing, crushing, screening and conveying device.
Electromechanical portion is including the control mainboard, including a motor, an electromagnetic valve, a pump, a blower fan, electric heater unit, some firearm, purifier, a power supply, a weighing sensor and a temperature sensor, level sensor, baroceptor, airflow sensor, infrared sensor, material detector, external device's control interface, and the electric connection of these equipment, wherein, electric heater unit is resistance wire heating, microwave heating, one or more in the solenoid heating mode, material detector sets up in the feed inlet, baroceptor sets up in the top in extrusion chamber, gravity sensor sets up in the bottom in going out the carbon chamber, temperature sensor distributes in dry chamber, the transport chamber, the extrusion chamber, the carbonization chamber, the heat preservation chamber, the chamber wall outward appearance in cooling chamber, control mainboard control motor, an electromagnetic valve, a pump, a blower fan, electric heater unit, some firearm, external device's work, and the instruction of receiving the input signal of various sensors and external input.
The carbonization principle is as follows: under the condition of isolating oxygen, generally, the temperature of primary carbonization is 150-275 ℃, dried biomass and other organic matters can start to generate thermal decomposition reaction, especially unstable components such as hemicellulose, lignin and the like start to decompose, and substances such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, a small amount of acetic acid and the like are generated; the temperature of the secondary carbonization is 275-450 ℃, most organic matters can generate violent thermal decomposition reaction to generate substances such as methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetic acid, tar and the like, and a certain reaction heat energy is released; the temperature of the third-stage carbonization is 450-600 ℃, the internal structure of the carbide begins to change, and a porous medium is formed; the temperature of the four-stage carbonization is more than 600 ℃. Foretell isolated oxygen is realized through the structure of n shape, and the oral area in the interior living beings raw materials shutoff feeding chamber of feeding port prevents the air admission promptly, and simultaneously, the tubular screw conveyer who goes out the carbon chamber also blocks off the air admission and goes out the carbon chamber, and dry chamber, exhaust transport chamber, extrusion chamber, carbonization chamber, heat preservation chamber, cooling chamber all with atmosphere isolated.
The heating temperature is determined according to the carbonization depth requirement of the carbon-based material. According to the requirements of the carbonization depth, the control system can preset the temperature distribution curve of the carbonization cavity from top to bottom, and parameters such as holding time, settling velocity, feeding velocity, discharging velocity and the like.
The biomass raw material can be crop straws, forest waste and the like, and due to various sources and complex types, the treatment such as crushing, screening and the like is carried out according to specific conditions.
Preferably, the control mainboard is installed in the base in a sealed manner, and through the 5G communication, receives the control of cell-phone APP and remote computer.
Preferably, the general biomass waste is subjected to primary carbonization, and the generated carbon-based material is subjected to secondary treatment including crushing, screening, carbonization and the like according to requirements after being intensively sorted.
Preferably, the heating temperature curve of the primary carbonization is 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 210 ℃, 240 ℃ and 280 ℃ from the top to the bottom, and the heat preservation temperature is 275 ℃.
Preferably, the lifting stirring device adopts a 304 stainless steel vertical tubular screw conveyor, a main shaft of the lifting stirring device is a hollow shaft, an electric heating device is arranged inside the hollow shaft, and a transfer mechanism and a chain wheel and a chain for driving the extrusion mechanism are arranged at the top of the electric heating device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. realizing the resource utilization of the biomass waste. The biomass waste is treated at high temperature under the condition of oxygen deficiency, so that pollution is reduced, and the generated carbon-based material can be used for manufacturing other high-carbon materials.
2. And the carbon emission generated by the biomass waste is reduced. The carbonization treatment of the biomass waste can lock most carbon elements in the carbon-based material, thereby avoiding the emission of carbon in the biomass waste.
3. The treatment cost of the biomass waste is saved. The biomass waste carbonization treatment equipment disclosed by the invention is small in size, simple to operate and arranged nearby, and the cost of manpower, economy, land, energy and the like in the links of collection, transportation, treatment and the like of biomass waste is greatly reduced.
4. Reduce the energy consumption of biomass waste treatment. The invention not only adopts high-efficiency heat preservation measures, but also fully utilizes the waste heat for heating, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption. In particular, the combustible gas generated in the carbonization process is fully utilized as the energy required for carbonization, so that the energy is saved and the pollution is reduced.
The 5.n-shaped carbonization path not only can realize the continuity and automation of production, but also is convenient, economic and reliable in oxygen insulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a biomass waste carbonization process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus for carbonizing biomass waste;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower portion of the base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the carbon outlet chamber at the height;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view at the level of the cooling chamber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the insulating chamber at the height;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view at the level of the carbonization chamber;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view at the level of the transfer chamber;
fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view of the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the flue gas purification mechanism integrated together.
In the figure: 1 feeding hole, 2 lifting devices, 3 feeding cavities, 4 drying cavities, 5 transferring cavities, 6 exhaust holes, 7 exhaust cavities, 8 transferring mechanisms, 9 extruding cavities, 10 extruding mechanisms, 11 carbonizing cavities, 12 heat preservation cavities, 13 cooling cavities, 14 carbon discharging cavities, 15 combustion chambers, 16 tubular screw conveyors, 17 lifting machines, 18 condensing pipes, 19 heat exchange cavities, 20 bent pipes, 21 smoke gas cavities, 22 burner sensors, 23 igniters, 24 burners, 25 gas pipes, 26 fans, 27 gas pipelines, 28 electromagnetic valves, 29 chimneys, 30 bases, 31 drainage grooves, 32 transmission mechanisms, 33 base cavities, 34W-shaped cavity bottoms, 35 outer heat preservation layers, 36 protective shells, 37 separation cavities, 38 limiting cavities, 39 waste water cavities, 40 waste liquid cavities and 41 spray headers.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-9 and the description in the summary above, the present invention provides 2 embodiments:
example 1
A 300 ℃ small-sized biomass waste carbonization device.
A drying part: the inner wall is 300 mm's of diameter cask structure, and the lower part is the feeding chamber 3 with feed inlet 1 intercommunication, and the top is the transportation chamber 5 with extrusion chamber 9 intercommunication, is dry chamber 4 between the two, and central department establishes the hollow shaft of external diameter 60mm, internal diameter 50mm and the hoisting device 2 that the auger blade of external diameter 295mm, pitch 60mm constitutes, and it is 304 stainless steel. The top of the packing auger is also provided with a stainless steel scraper blade with an angle opposite to that of the packing auger blade to form a transfer mechanism 8 for pushing materials to the extrusion cavity 9. The transferring cavity 5 is provided with an exhaust hole 6 communicated with an exhaust cavity 7 for exhausting gas generated in the drying, carbonizing and heat-insulating processes. The exhaust cavity 7, the smoke cavity 21 and the heat exchange cavity 19 are waste heat heating devices and are arranged on the outer surface of the drying cavity 4 in a surrounding mode, wherein the bottom of the exhaust cavity 7 is further provided with a gas-liquid separation mechanism, and the bottom of the smoke cavity 21 is provided with a smoke purification mechanism.
A carbonization part: the inner wall is a drum structure with the diameter of 500mm, 2520 stainless steel material, and sequentially comprises an extrusion cavity 9, a carbonization cavity 11, a heat preservation cavity 12, a cooling cavity 13 and a carbon outlet cavity 14 from top to bottom. The center of the carbonization part is also provided with a vertical round tube structure, a 2520 stainless steel combustion chamber 15, a carbonization cavity 11, a heat preservation cavity 12, a cooling cavity 13 and a carbon outlet cavity 14 which are penetrated through, the upper part of the carbonization cavity is communicated with the top of a smoke gas cavity 19 through an elbow 20 and is fixed with the cavity wall of the carbonization cavity 11, the lower part of the carbonization cavity is fixed with the cavity bottom of the carbon outlet cavity 14, the bottom of the carbonization cavity is communicated with the atmosphere, and a combustion device is arranged in the carbonization cavity.
An electromechanical part: including the control mainboard, including a motor, an end cap, a controller, and a cover plate, the solenoid valve 28, the pump, fan 26, electric heater unit, some firearm 23, purifier, a power supply, a weighing sensor and a temperature sensor, level sensor, baroceptor, airflow sensor, infrared sensor, material detector, external device's control interface, and the electric connection of these equipment, wherein electric heater unit is the resistance wire heating, the control mainboard is installed in the base, control motor, the solenoid valve 28, the pump, fan 26, electric heater unit, some firearm 23, and through the 5G communication, accept the control of cell-phone APP and remote computer.
An external device: besides the working power supply and the interface of the standby fuel gas, the equipment is also provided with an external water storage tank, a carbon storage barrel and a conveyor belt for feeding raw materials.
Equipment base: the base 30 of the drying part and the carbonization part is of a steel integral structure, and the feeding cavity 19 and the carbon outlet cavity 31 are positioned in the base 30. The lower part of the feed chamber 19 is also provided with a water discharge chute 31 and a drive mechanism 32 of the lifting device 2 driven by a motor. The carbon outlet cavity 14 and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 15 are equal in height and are fixed on the base 30 in an overhead mode, and the overhead and vacant space is a base cavity 33 in which other devices are arranged and is provided with a channel for air entering the combustion chamber 15. The drying part and the carbonization part above the base 30 are both provided with an outer heat-insulating layer 35, and the outer surface of the outer heat-insulating layer 35 is also provided with a protective shell 36. The height of the drying part and the carbonizing part is 2800mm.
A combustion device: the burner sensor 22, the igniter 23, the burner 24, the air pipe 25 and the fan 26 are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the burner 24 is positioned at the circle center of the plane of the combustion chamber 15, the height of the burner is positioned at the middle upper part of the heat preservation cavity 12, and the lower part of the burner is communicated and fixed with the air pipe 25. The fan 26 is fixed at the bottom air inlet of the combustion chamber 15. The burner sensor 22 detects the combustion temperature in real time, and is laid and fixed along the gas pipe 25 together with the igniter 23. The upper part of the air pipe 25 is connected with a burner 24, the lower part of the air pipe is changed into a transverse pipe through an elbow, the transverse pipe transversely penetrates out of the combustion chamber 15 above the fan 26, and the air pipe is connected with a gas pipeline 27 and an electromagnetic valve 28 for connecting external standby gas.
Gas-liquid purification: gas-liquid separation mechanism and flue gas purification mechanism integration set up in the outward appearance lower part of dry chamber 4, by separation chamber 37, spacing chamber 38, waste water chamber 39, waste liquid chamber 40 constitutes, wherein, spacing chamber 38 and waste water chamber 39's top intercommunication each other, separation chamber 37's top, the bottom respectively with waste liquid chamber 40 top, spacing chamber 38 bottom is linked together, and communicate with exhaust chamber 7 is perpendicular, accept the gas-liquid mixture in the exhaust chamber 7, these gas-liquid mixture are cooled off when heating dry chamber 4, wherein combustible gas passes through trachea 25 row to combustion chamber 15 that waste liquid chamber 40 top set up, wherein liquid stratifies in separation chamber 37, the mixed liquid that density is little flows into waste liquid chamber 40 from the upper portion, the liquid that density is big is mostly waste water, overflow entering waste water chamber 39 again after the bottom flows into spacing chamber 38. The highest liquid level of the limiting cavity 38 is lower than that of the separation cavity 37 and higher than that of the waste water cavity 39 and the waste liquid cavity 40. A liquid level sensor is provided at the top of the waste liquid chamber 40 and a discharge pipe is provided at the bottom, and the discharge pipe is connected to a pump and a collection container provided in the base 30. The bottom of the waste water cavity 39 is provided with a drain pipe, and the top is provided with a liquid level sensor, a spray header 41 and a chimney 29, and is vertically communicated with the smoke cavity 21. The substance in the flue gas chamber 21, which is a product of the combustion reaction in the combustion chamber 15, is cooled while heating the drying chamber 4. The cooled waste water flows into a waste water cavity 39, and the flue gas is sprayed and cleaned by a spray header 41 and then is discharged through a chimney 29. After the sewage and the wastewater are purified by the water purifying device arranged in the base 30, one part of the sewage and the wastewater is pumped into the spray header 41 to clean the flue gas, and the other part of the sewage and the wastewater is stored in a water tank of an external device.
The working process is as follows: the biomass waste is automatically heated and exhausted while being lifted and stirred, is dried, is conveyed to the top of the carbonization part, is heated and carbonized in the process of pressure sedimentation, is cooled at a constant temperature, is hermetically discharged to an external device and is collected, and the carbon-based material is obtained. High-temperature gas and cooling waste heat generated in the garbage treatment process are used for drying and heating, decomposed combustible gas is used as energy for carbonization and heating, sewage and waste water are purified and then are recycled, and flue gas is discharged after being cleaned.
Heating temperature: the bottom of the drying cavity 4 is at normal temperature, the top is at 125 ℃, and a temperature rise curve is an oblique line; the top temperature of the carbonization cavity 11 is 130 ℃, the bottom temperature is 275 ℃, and the temperature rise curve is also an oblique line; the temperature of the holding chamber 12 is set to 275 +/-5 ℃.
Carbonization depth: and (3) primary carbonization.
Example 2
A 500 ℃ small-sized biomass waste carbonization device.
The structure, construction and working flow are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Heating temperature: the bottom of the drying cavity 4 is at normal temperature, the top is 150 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature rise curve is a slope; the temperature of the top of the carbonization cavity 11 is 150 +/-5 ℃, the temperature of the bottom is 450 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature rising curve is also an oblique line; the temperature of the holding chamber 12 is set to 450 ℃.
Carbonization depth: and (4) secondary carbonization.
The working principle of the above embodiment is as described above.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a carbonization technology and treatment facility of living beings, includes drying portion, carbonization portion, electromechanical part and external device, wherein, drying portion and carbonization portion set up perpendicularly, and upper portion intercommunication constitutes n shape structure, its characterized in that: the biomass raw material after crushing treatment enters the lower part of the drying part from a feeding hole (1), is heated and exhausted while being lifted and stirred, is dried and transported to the top of the carbonization part, and is sequentially heated, carbonized, heat-preserved, cooled and hermetically discharged in the process of pressure sedimentation;
the lifting and stirring means that a lifting device (2) arranged in the drying part lifts the biomass raw material upwards, continuously stirs and discharges air, and a feeding cavity (3), a drying cavity (4) and a transferring cavity (5) are sequentially arranged in the drying part from bottom to top;
the heating and exhausting means that the biomass raw material is heated by an electric heating device arranged in the lifting device (2) and a waste heat heating device arranged on the outer surface of the drying cavity (4) in a surrounding manner in the lifting and stirring process, and high-temperature gas comprising steam and volatile matters is exhausted into an exhaust cavity (7) from an exhaust hole (6) formed in the side wall of the top of the transferring cavity (5);
the drying and transferring means that the biomass raw material is dried after being heated and exhausted, and is pushed into an extrusion cavity (9) of the carbonization part by a transferring mechanism (8) arranged in the transferring cavity (5) to become a material to be carbonized;
the pressurizing sedimentation refers to that the material to be carbonized is pushed, extruded and pressurized by an extrusion mechanism (10) arranged at the center of the top of the extrusion cavity (9), uniformly distributed in the extrusion cavity (9), sedimented downwards, and sequentially enters a carbonization cavity (11), a heat preservation cavity (12), a cooling cavity (13) and a carbon outlet cavity (14);
the heating carbonization means that the material to be carbonized is heated by an electric heating device arranged by surrounding the inner wall of the carbonization cavity (11) and a combustion chamber (15) arranged in the carbonization part to generate high-temperature carbide;
the heat preservation and cooling refers to that the sedimentation process of the high-temperature carbide in the heat preservation cavity (12) reaches the set heat preservation time, and then the high-temperature carbide enters the cooling cavity (13) to be cooled into a carbon-based material with normal temperature and high carbon content; the high-temperature gas generated in the heating carbonization and heat preservation cooling processes rises and sequentially flows through the extrusion cavity (9), the transfer cavity (5) and the exhaust hole (6) to enter the exhaust cavity (7);
the closed discharge means that the carbon-based materials are settled to the carbon discharge cavity (14), pushed out to a lifting machine (17) arranged on the outer side of the carbonization part through a tubular screw conveyor (16), and then conveyed to a carbon storage barrel through the lifting machine.
2. The biomass carbonization process and treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbonization part is internally of a closed, isometric, vertical and high-temperature-resistant drum structure and sequentially comprises an extrusion cavity (9), a carbonization cavity (11), a heat preservation cavity (12), a cooling cavity (13) and a carbon outlet cavity (14) from top to bottom, wherein the extrusion cavity (9) is communicated with the transfer cavity (5), and a condensing pipe (18) is surrounded on the outer surface of the cooling cavity (13); the condensing pipe (18) is spiral, and the upper end and the lower end of the condensing pipe are respectively connected with the top interface and the bottom interface of the heat exchange cavity (19);
the heating temperature of the carbonization cavity (11) is gradually increased from top to bottom, the heating of the combustion chamber (15) is mainly used, and the heating of the electric heating device is used as an auxiliary part; the carbonization depth of the carbon-based material is divided into first-stage carbonization, second-stage carbonization, third-stage carbonization and fourth-stage carbonization, is related to the heating temperature, the heat preservation time and the sedimentation speed, and is controlled by the electromechanical part; the settling speed and the stirring speed are related to the discharge speed of the carbon-based material in the carbon outlet cavity (14) and are controlled by the electromechanical part;
the combustion chamber (15) is of a vertical high-temperature-resistant circular tube structure, penetrates through the centers of the carbonization cavity (11), the heat preservation cavity (12), the cooling cavity (13) and the carbon outlet cavity (14), the upper part of the combustion chamber is communicated with the top of the flue gas cavity (21) through a bent tube (20) and is fixed with the cavity wall of the carbonization cavity (11), the lower part of the combustion chamber is fixed with the cavity bottom of the carbon outlet cavity (14), the bottom end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the atmosphere, and a combustion device is arranged in the combustion chamber;
burner sensor (22), some firearm (23), nozzle (24), trachea (25), fan (26) are in proper order from the top down to the burner (24) are located the plane center in combustion chamber (15), highly are located the well upper portion in heat preservation chamber (12), its lower part with trachea (25) intercommunication, fixed, fan (26) are fixed the bottom air intake of combustion chamber (15), nozzle sensor (22) real-time detection combustion temperature, with some firearm (23) are followed together trachea (25) lay, are fixed, trachea (25) top is connected nozzle (24), and the lower part turns into violently the pipe through the elbow combustion chamber (15) are transversely worn out to the top of fan (26) to be connected with solenoid valve (28) that gas pipeline (27) and outside reserve gas inserted.
3. The biomass carbonization process and treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the internal temperature of the drying part is high and low, the heating in the heating exhaust and drying transfer is mainly performed by the waste heat heating device, and the heating of the electric heating device in the lifting device (2) is assisted;
the waste heat heating device comprises an exhaust cavity (7), a heat exchange cavity (19) and a flue gas cavity (21), the high-temperature gas flows into the exhaust cavity (7) from the exhaust hole (6) and then flows from top to bottom, the high-temperature gas is gradually cooled while heating the inner wall of the drying part to form a gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid mixture flows into a gas-liquid separation mechanism arranged at the bottom of the exhaust cavity (7), and the separated combustible gas is connected to the combustion device through a gas pipeline (27);
the flue gas in the combustion chamber (15) enters the top of the flue gas cavity (21) through the elbow (20) and then flows downwards, the flue gas is gradually cooled while heating the inner wall of the drying part to form a gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid mixture flows into a flue gas purification mechanism arranged at the bottom of the flue gas cavity (21), and the flue gas is purified and then discharged through a chimney (29);
the high-temperature refrigerant in the condensation pipe (18) flows in from the top of the heat exchange cavity (19) and then flows downwards, is gradually cooled while heating the inner wall of the drying part, then flows out from the bottom of the heat exchange cavity (19), and is pumped into the condensation pipe (18) at the bottom layer outside the cooling cavity (13).
4. A biomass carbonization process and treatment plant as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the heights of the drying part and the carbonization part are equal, a base (30) of the drying part and the carbonization part is of a steel integral structure, the feeding cavity (3) and the carbon outlet cavity (14) are positioned in the base (30), and the lower part of the feeding cavity (3) is also provided with a drainage groove (31) and a transmission mechanism (32) of the lifting device (2) driven by a motor; the carbon outlet cavity (14) and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber (15) have the same height, and are fixed on the base (30) in an overhead manner, and the overhead and vacant space is a base cavity (33) provided with a channel for the air of the combustion chamber (15) to enter; the two sides of the bottom of the combustion chamber (15) of the tubular screw conveyor (16) are respectively provided with 1 set, the pipe wall of the tubular screw conveyor and the cavity bottom of the carbon outlet cavity (14) form an integral and sealed W-shaped cavity bottom (34) to prevent air from entering the carbon outlet cavity (14); the upper part of the feed port (1) is large, the lower part of the feed port is communicated with the feed cavity (3), and the opening part of the feed cavity (3) is blocked by the biomass raw material to prevent air from entering the drying cavity (4);
drying portion, carbonization portion the part all is equipped with outer heat preservation (35) more than base (30), outer heat preservation (35) are multilayer structure, and the heat preservation of the most inboard adopts inorganic high temperature resistant insulation material, and the heat preservation in the outside adopts the insulation material that the steam permeability coefficient is little, the outward appearance of outer heat preservation (35) still is equipped with overall structure's protecting sheathing (36).
5. A biomass carbonization process and treatment plant as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the flue gas purification mechanism are integrated and arranged at the lower part of the outer surface of the drying cavity (4) and consist of a separation cavity (37), a limiting cavity (38), a waste water cavity (39) and a waste liquid cavity (40), wherein the tops of the limiting cavity (38) and the waste water cavity (39) are communicated with each other, the top and the bottom of the separation cavity (37) are respectively communicated with the top of the waste liquid cavity (40) and the bottom of the limiting cavity (38), and are vertically communicated with the exhaust cavity (7) to receive a gas-liquid mixture in the exhaust cavity (7); combustible gas in the gas-liquid mixture is discharged through the gas pipeline (27) arranged at the top of the waste liquid cavity (40), liquid is layered in the separation cavity (37), mixed liquid with low density flows into the waste liquid cavity (40) from the upper part, and liquid with high density flows into the limiting cavity (38) from the bottom and then flows into the waste water cavity (39) to form waste water; the highest liquid level of the limiting cavity (38) is lower than that of the separation cavity (37) and higher than that of the waste water cavity (39) and the waste liquid cavity (40); a liquid level sensor is arranged at the top of the waste liquid cavity (40), a discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the waste liquid cavity, and the discharge pipe is connected with a pump and a collection container which are arranged in the base (30); a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the waste water cavity (39), a liquid level sensor, the spray header (41) and a chimney (29) are arranged at the top of the waste water cavity and are vertically communicated with the smoke cavity (21), waste water in the smoke cavity (21) flows into the waste water cavity (39), and smoke is discharged through the chimney (29) after being sprayed and cleaned by the spray header (41); after being purified by a water purifying device arranged in the base (30), one part of the waste water is pumped into the spray header (41), and the other part of the waste water is stored in a water tank of the external device.
6. The biomass carbonization process and treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the external device comprises a power supply, a water tank, a carbon storage barrel and a standby fuel gas, and the biomass raw material storage, crushing, screening and conveying device.
7. A biomass carbonization process and treatment plant as claimed in claims 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that: the electromechanical part comprises a control mainboard, a motor, an electromagnetic valve (28), a pump, a fan (26), an electric heating device, an igniter (23), a water purifying device, a power supply, a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor, an air pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an infrared sensor, a material detector, a control interface of an external device and electric connection of the devices, wherein the electric heating device adopts one or more of resistance wire heating, microwave heating and electromagnetic coil heating modes, the material detector is arranged at the feed inlet (1), the air pressure sensor is arranged at the top of the extrusion cavity (9), a gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the carbon outlet cavity (14), the temperature sensor is distributed at the outer surface of the cavity wall of the drying cavity (4), the transfer cavity (5), the extrusion cavity (9), the carbonization cavity (11), the heat preservation cavity (12) and the cooling cavity (13), and the control mainboard controls the work of the motor, the electromagnetic valve, the pump, the fan, the electric heating device, the igniter and the external device and receives input signals of the sensor and instructions input from the outside.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117162242A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-12-05 | 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 | Microwave pretreatment-carbonization maintenance integrated machine and maintenance method for cement-based material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117162242A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-12-05 | 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 | Microwave pretreatment-carbonization maintenance integrated machine and maintenance method for cement-based material |
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