CN115932430A - A Fault Identification Method for 10kV Fixed External Series Gap Arrester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap lightning arrester. The method includes: the induction power-taking circuit converts the induced charge by a power-frequency AC electric field to obtain a system power supply, so as to provide working power for the fault diagnosis circuit and the fault indication module; The gradient detection circuit collects the power frequency AC signal of the 10kV fixed external series gap arrester and converts it into a DC level signal; the fault diagnosis circuit detects the DC level signal to determine whether the arrester is faulty; the fault indication module detects that the arrester is faulty when the fault diagnosis circuit Send out an alarm indication signal. The invention can check and replace the aging 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester in the line in advance, so as to prevent the occurrence of line operation accidents and the expansion of the fault surface.

Description

A Fault Identification Method for 10kV Fixed External Series Gap Arrester

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis of a 10kV distribution network line arrester, in particular to a fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap arrester.

Background technique

Since the development of zinc oxide arresters in the 1960s, zinc oxide arresters have been widely used. At present, the lightning protection of 10kV distribution network lines mainly adopts zinc oxide arresters with external series gaps. In 2020, the State Grid proposed the standardization construction work requirements for 10kV distribution network line arresters, which recommended a typical design case of zinc oxide arresters with fixed external series gaps, and The promotion and implementation will begin in July 2021. At present, there is still a lack of effective technical means for the fault diagnosis of 10kV fixed outer series gap zinc oxide arrester.

At present, the detection methods or online monitoring devices of line arresters can be roughly divided into several categories:

1. The current transformer detects the leakage current of the main body, and by separating the resistive and capacitive current from the full current, the aging degree of the main body can be judged by the magnitude of the resistive current.

Invention patent CN1123629870A provides a method for arrester fault diagnosis based on robust estimation. The method is to judge the abnormal value in the detection data by introducing a robust estimation method for the sampled leakage current, and conduct continuous effective abnormal value and isolated sporadic abnormal value. Differentiate, effectively eliminate the influence of manual operation and environmental interference on the data, obtain effective data samples for judging the operating status of the arrester, improve the reliability of the fault analysis data source, and reduce the probability of misjudgment and misjudgment. However, the 10kV fixed external series gap arrester is not suitable for the 10kV leakage current detection method due to the isolation effect of the external series gap.

Invention patent CN112147435A and an on-line detection device for surge arresters in switch cabinets, including: AD signal acquisition module. Mainly by collecting the full leakage current of the arrester, separating the resistive current and the capacitive current, and then judging the state of the arrester. It is known from the foregoing that the 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester is not suitable for the 10kV leakage current detection method due to the isolation effect of the external series gap.

Invention patent CN112269142A discloses a lightning arrester detection device and detection method. The detection device includes: a leakage current acquisition module, a control module and an indication module. The collection method of leakage current is not suitable for 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester.

2. Through lightning current detection, or lightning current drive counting, the life of the arrester body can be judged by the number of lightning strikes.

The utility model patent CN210487888U provides a lightning arrester detection device, which includes a stainless steel shell. It belongs to a structural transformation of the existing arrester lightning strike counter, and adds an electromagnetic shielding cover and a 4G communication module, aiming to solve the technical problems that the existing arrester detector is prone to failure and inconvenient to read data. It does not have the function of real-time monitoring of arrester status.

Utility model patent CN208833872U discloses a lightning arrester detection device and system. The arrester detection device includes a signal acquisition unit, a counting unit and an alarm unit. The utility model judges the service life of the lightning arrester by detecting the number of lightning current impacts, but lacks accurate detection and judgment on the aging degree of the resistance sheet in the main body.

The utility model patent CN212646863U discloses a lightning arrester detector with a warning mechanism, which mainly adds the setting of glare lights and buzzer alarms on the basis of the traditional lightning counter, and does not involve the technical principle innovation of fault detection.

3. Integrate lightning current detection, leakage current detection, conversion circuit, alarm device, communication module and background management system to realize online monitoring of arrester, etc., which is expensive.

Invention patent CN113161090A discloses a zinc oxide arrester, which is composed of a composite jacket zinc oxide arrester, arrester top bolts and arrester intelligent detection module; its built-in current mutual induction coil is used to detect current, and simultaneously measure the zinc oxide arrester leakage current and the zinc oxide arrester is detected Number of lightning strikes. Since the leakage current is on the μA level, it is difficult to measure it accurately. The circuit is charged by solar energy and powered by batteries, which is expensive. It adopts the real-time and fast narrowband Internet of Things communication, and the Beidou positioning is accurate and convenient to search, which intensifies the cost of the device and the operation and maintenance cost of the background management system. The expensive cost is difficult to popularize and apply in the range of low-priced 10kV voltage level arresters.

Invention patent CN112782509A is an arrester detection system, including a vertically installed arrester, a detection module, a control module, a communication module, and a background management module. The detection module judges the degree of the arrester's offset angle to determine whether the arrester is faulty. The alarm signal is sent through the control module, the arrester identification code and location information are transmitted through the communication module, and the human-computer interaction is realized through the background management module. The basis for the fault judgment of the arrester in this invention needs to be discussed. At the same time, the cost of various detection, judgment, communication and background systems configured at the same time is relatively high, and it is not suitable for the detection of the state of the arrester at the low voltage level of 10kV. At the same time, the service life and continuous power supply capacity of the solar power supply mode, whether it can be used in long-term rainy weather, the cost of construction and operation and maintenance, etc. are all to be discussed.

Invention patent CN112782502A provides a lightning arrester detection system based on multiple signal acquisitions. The lightning arrester detection system includes a leakage current acquisition unit, a temperature acquisition unit, a current/voltage conversion unit, an A/D conversion unit, a control processing unit, and a storage unit , alarm unit, communication unit. The invention judges the state of the arrester through leakage current detection, and transmits data with the background monitoring system through wireless communication. The 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester is not suitable for the 10kV leakage current detection method due to the isolation effect of the external series gap, and the detection system includes acquisition, calculation, control, alarm, communication and background monitoring systems, and the cost is high. The detection of low-cost 10kV voltage level surge arresters is not suitable, and it is difficult to popularize and apply.

Invention patent CN112816801A discloses a transformer arrester detection system, including an industrial host, a switching line device and a detection component. This invention mainly integrates the functions of automatic transformation ratio tester, DC resistance tester, loop resistance tester and capacity empty load tester to realize the comprehensive detection of transformer arrester, and is not suitable for fault detection and diagnosis of line arrester.

Invention patent CN110926421A discloses a tilt damage early warning detection device for transformer side surge arresters in the station area, including a tilt detection device main body and a background management center. Based on LORA wireless transmission technology and tilt sensor information collection technology, it can realize timely warning when the transformer arrester in the station area is tilted and damaged. When the lightning strikes and damages the arrester and causes a power outage, it can quickly locate the location of the damaged arrester, assist the operation and maintenance personnel to replace the arrester in time, and shorten the power outage. time.

At present, due to the high price of the mature arrester on-line monitoring device, and the large number of 10kV distribution network towers and the wide distribution, the cost performance is too low for the detection of the 10kV class arrester which is itself cheap, and it is difficult to popularize and apply; at the same time, due to the external series Due to the isolation effect of the gap, some technical means such as leakage current detection cannot be applied. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to propose a cost-effective, low-cost 10kV fixed external series gap arrester fault identification device.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester. This method judges whether the arrester body has aged by detecting whether the potential gradient of the proportional unit of the built-in resistor has changed significantly, and sends an alarm indication signal to the The operation and maintenance department, in order to check and replace the aging 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester in the line in advance, so as to prevent the occurrence of line operation accidents and the expansion of the fault surface.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme to solve the above technical problems:

A fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap lightning arrester, which is carried out by using a fault identification device, the fault identification device includes an induction power-taking circuit, a voltage gradient detection circuit, and a fault identification circuit, and the fault identification circuit includes a fault diagnosis circuit and a fault indication module; the method comprising:

The inductive power-fetching circuit uses the power frequency AC electric field to transform the induced charge through a space coupling method to obtain a system power supply to provide working power for the fault diagnosis circuit and the fault indication module;

The voltage gradient detection circuit collects the power frequency AC signal of the 10kV fixed external series gap arrester, and converts the collected power frequency AC signal into a DC level signal;

The fault diagnosis circuit detects the DC level signal obtained by the voltage gradient detection circuit to determine whether the arrester is faulty;

The fault indication module sends out an alarm indication signal when the fault diagnosis circuit detects that the lightning arrester fails.

Further, the induction power-taking circuit is a disc-shaped conductive flat plate, including a power-taking plate and a power-taking terminal. The power-taking plate is located under the 10kV overhead line, and the plane of the plate is parallel to the wire. Through the power-frequency AC electric field transformation induction, The electric field strength on the disk surface changes, and the changing field strength induces charges to gather at the power-taking terminal.

Further, the fault identification device also includes a power line and a grounding line, the power-taking terminal is connected to one end of the power line through a fastener, and the other end of the power line is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit; one end of the grounding line is connected to the ground , and the other end is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit.

Further, the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester includes an arrester body on which the voltage gradient detection circuit and the fault identification circuit are arranged.

Further, the voltage gradient detection circuit includes a voltage sampling wire, an insulation resistance of a composite jacket insulator connected in series, and several zinc oxide resistors, and the voltage sampling wire is drawn from the upper end of a zinc oxide resistor adjacent to the low-voltage end, and outputs a direct current after sampling flat signal.

Further, the fault identification circuit includes a cylindrical shell, a fault diagnosis circuit installed in the cylindrical shell, and a fault indication module, and the fault indication module is an indicator light arranged symmetrically around the circumference of the cylindrical shell.

Further, the cylindrical shell is also provided with a wire inlet hole and an axial fixing hole, the wire inlet hole is used to pass through the power line and the grounding wire; the axial fixing hole is a through hole, used to pass through the 10kV fixed external series connection The bottom bolts of the gap zinc oxide arrester are fixed and integrated by fasteners.

Further, the fault identification device also includes a rectification circuit connected to the induction power-taking circuit, the fault diagnosis circuit has a built-in voltage comparison circuit and an indicator light drive circuit, and the rectification circuit is used to connect the power line The AC induction charge obtained from the ground wire and the ground wire is rectified and output at a regulated voltage, which is used as the power supply for the built-in voltage comparator circuit and the indicator light drive circuit.

Further, the voltage comparison circuit is used to compare the DC level signal output by the voltage gradient detection circuit with a given threshold, and output a logic level signal to judge whether the integrated 10kV fixed external series gap arrester is in good condition; The indicator light driving circuit is used to amplify the received logic level signal, and drive the fault indication module to send out an alarm indication signal.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Since the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester has external series gap isolation, it is impossible to rely on full current detection and separation of resistive current to judge whether the body is degraded. Detect and judge whether the main body is degraded, and solve the technical problem that this type of arrester cannot be detected online;

2. The present invention takes electricity through the space electric field induction on the metal plate surface, without any contact with the wire, which is safe and reliable. High-cost power supply methods such as power supply have the value of popularization and application such as simple structure, uninterrupted power supply, and low cost;

3. The fault diagnosis of the present invention is composed of simple voltage sampling, voltage comparison circuit and light-emitting diode indicator light. The device can be completed with only a few electronic devices. The zinc oxide arrester constitutes an integrated structure, which has the advantages of low price, accurate fault indication, and maintenance-free. It provides a cost-effective and feasible solution for the large-scale promotion and application of online monitoring of lightning protection devices for 10kV distribution network lines.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the electric schematic diagram of 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester fault identification method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the overall structure and layout schematic diagram of the 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester fault identification device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide surge arrester in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault identification device in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the electrical schematic diagram of the rectification circuit in the embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a voltage comparison circuit and an indicator light driving circuit built into the fault diagnosis circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of an inductive power-taking circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of sampling voltage sampling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference signs in the figure are described as follows:

1-10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester; 11-arrester body; 12-fault identification circuit; 13-voltage sampling wire;

121-fault indication module; 122-wire inlet hole; 123-axial fixing hole; 124-cylindrical shell; 125-fault diagnosis circuit;

2-Inductive power-taking circuit; 21-Power-taking plate; 22-Fixed insulating rod; 23-Fixed hole; 24-Power-taking terminal;

3- Fixing hardware;

4- Power cord;

5- Ground wire.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1-8. The embodiment of the present invention provides a fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap arrester, which is carried out by using a fault identification device. The fault identification device includes a 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1 and an induction power-taking circuit. 2. Fixed fittings 3, power cord 4, grounding wire 5, voltage gradient detection circuit and fault identification device 12 installed in the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1. The fault identification device 12 includes a fault diagnosis circuit 125 and a fault indication module 121 . The fault identification method includes the steps of:

The inductive power-fetching circuit uses a power frequency AC electric field to transform the induced charge through a spatial coupling method to obtain a system power supply to provide working power for the voltage gradient detection circuit, the fault diagnosis circuit, and the fault indication module;

The voltage gradient detection circuit collects the power frequency AC signal of the 10kV fixed external series gap arrester, and converts the collected power frequency AC signal into a DC level signal;

The fault diagnosis circuit 125 detects the DC level signal obtained by the voltage gradient detection circuit to determine whether the arrester is faulty;

The fault indication module 121 sends out an alarm indication signal when the fault diagnosis circuit detects that the arrester is faulty.

The 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1 and the induction power-taking circuit 2 are fixed on the cross arm of the tower through the fixing hardware 3 . As shown in Figure 7, the induction power-taking circuit 2 is a disc-shaped conductive plate, including a power-taking plate 21, a fixed insulating rod 22, a fixing hole 23, and a power-taking terminal 24. The power-taking plate 21 is located on a 10kV overhead line Below, the plane of the disk surface is parallel to the wires, and the electric field intensity on the disk surface changes due to the transformation and induction of the power frequency AC electric field. The power-taking terminal 24 is connected to one end of the power cord 4 through a fastener, and the other end of the power cord 4 is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit through the inlet hole 122 (as shown in FIG. 4 ) of the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1 125.

One end of the grounding wire 5 is connected to the earth, and the other end is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit 125 through the inlet hole 122 of the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1, the purpose of which is to lead the zero potential of the earth to the fault diagnosis circuit 125, Together with the power line 4, it constitutes a power supply.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1 includes an arrester body 11 on which a voltage gradient detection circuit and a fault identification device 12 are installed. The arrester body 11 is a conventional and mature product at present, including a typical design case of a zinc oxide arrester with fixed external series gaps recommended by the State Grid Corporation of China for the standardized construction of arresters for 10kV distribution network lines in 2020.

The internal structure of the arrester body 11 is shown in Figure 8. It is supported by composite jacket insulators to form a fixed gap structure, and then connected in series with zinc oxide resistors. Described voltage gradient detection circuit comprises voltage sampling wire 13, the composite overcoat insulator insulation resistance R0 of series connection and some zinc oxide resistors, in the present embodiment, zinc oxide resistors are stacked together by 4 pieces (R1-R4) in series, voltage sampling Wire 13 is drawn from the upper end (high voltage end) of a zinc oxide resistor adjacent to the low voltage end, and the sampling voltage is UR4. The input of the voltage gradient detection circuit is taken from a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester, and the collection point is close to the zinc oxide resistor scale unit at the low voltage end, and the collected power frequency AC signal is converted into a DC level signal, which is used for the input of the fault diagnosis circuit 125 .

According to the design standard, the insulation resistance R0 of the composite jacket insulator is generally distributed at about 10000MΩ, and the insulation resistance of the brand-new qualified zinc oxide resistance sheet is distributed at about 2500MΩ. Where R1≈R2≈R3≈R4≈625MΩ. When the high-voltage end of the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester is connected to the high-voltage wire, the relatively low voltage of the high-voltage wire is 5.77kV. According to the calculation of the resistance voltage division, it can be known that the voltage drop UR0 of the composite jacket insulator R0 is about 4.6kV, and the voltage sampling wire 13 The obtained voltage UR4 is:

When the main body zinc oxide resistor is aged, the sampling voltage amplitude can be reduced due to the decrease of insulation resistance. According to the calculation that the leakage circuit of the zinc oxide arrester is not allowed to exceed 50μA at 0.75 times the rated voltage, when the insulation resistance of the zinc oxide resistor sheet drops to 300MΩ, it is considered to be aged. At this time R4 is about 75MΩ, then:

Taking this as an example, when the sampling voltage UR4≤42V, it can be determined that the zinc oxide resistor has aged and needs to be replaced. The voltage sampling method is simple and effective, and the voltage sampling with a higher amplitude makes the fault diagnosis more accurate, and provides a simpler and more effective method for predicting whether the arrester is aging and needs to be replaced in advance.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the fault identification device 12 includes a cylindrical housing 124, a fault diagnosis circuit 125 mounted on the cylindrical housing 124, and a fault indicating module 121, and the fault indicating module 121 can be symmetrical around the cylindrical housing 124. For the arranged indicator lights, the cylindrical shell 124 is also provided with a wire inlet hole 122 and an axial fixing hole 123 .

The fault identification device 12 is a cylinder encapsulated in a plastic case, and indicator lights are arranged symmetrically along the outer circumference, so that it can be observed from any direction by a line patrol drone or a telescope. The wire inlet hole 122 is the entrance of the power wire 4 and the ground wire 5 , and is used to lead the power into the internal fault diagnosis circuit 125 . The axial fixing hole 123 is a through hole, which is used to pass through the bottom bolt of the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester 1, and to be integrated with it through fasteners.

Preferably, the 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester fault identification device of the present invention also includes a rectifier circuit connected to the induction power-taking circuit 2, the fault diagnosis circuit 125 is powered by the rectifier circuit, and the fault diagnosis circuit 125 has a built-in voltage comparison circuit and Indicator light drive circuit (as shown in Figure 6).

As shown in Figure 5, the rectifier circuit rectifies the AC induced charge obtained from both the power line 4 of the power-taking terminal 24 of the power-taking panel and the grounding line 5 from the earth, and outputs a stabilized voltage as a built-in voltage comparison circuit and The power supply for the indicator light driving circuit. The voltage comparison circuit is used to compare the DC level signal output by the voltage gradient detection circuit with a given threshold, and output a logic level signal to judge whether the integrated 10kV fixed external series gap arrester is in good condition. The voltage comparison circuit is a traditional operational amplifier comparator, which compares the non-inverting input level signal of the operational amplifier with the given level signal at the inverting input terminal. When the input level signal is greater than the given level signal, the operational amplifier comparator outputs The terminal is converted from low level to high level to realize the fault signal output. Among them, the given threshold value is obtained through the statistical calculation of a large number of zinc oxide arrester insulation resistance measurements, so as to obtain a relatively accurate value for evaluating the degree of deterioration of the zinc oxide resistor sheet.

Specifically, the voltage comparison circuit is implemented by a single operational amplifier. The sampling voltage of the low-voltage terminal ratio unit of the arrester body 11 is obtained by the voltage sampling wire 13, and the sampling voltage Ua (ie UR4) is obtained through voltage division, and is transmitted to the comparison circuit. The input terminal, the built-in given threshold value Ub is connected to the inverting input terminal of the comparison circuit. According to the aforementioned estimation results, the given voltage Ub=50V can be set. When Ua>50V, the output level signal of the comparator does not reverse, and the system considers that the arrester body 11 has no aging, good performance and can be used continuously. Conversely, when Ua<50V, the output level signal of the comparator is reversed, the indicator light driving circuit is driven, the indicator light is turned on, and the fault diagnosis circuit 125 sends out an early warning signal to inform that the arrester body 11 is aging and needs to be replaced.

The number of electronic components required for the entire fault diagnosis circuit is small, and can be packaged and cured in a plastic case with epoxy resin potting glue at one time, which has the advantages of low cost, safety and reliability, and maintenance-free application.

The voltage level of 10kV overhead line is based on the reference of the earth as zero potential. If the distance between the conductor and the earth is h, and the conductor voltage is U, then the average electric field strength between the conductor and the earth is E=U/h, and the electric field strength E is the change of power frequency AC. The power-taking plate 21 in the induction power-taking circuit 2 is installed on the cross arm of the pole tower. If the height from the ground is h1, the potential of the power-taking plate 21 is U1=Eh1, which is consistent with the frequency of the power frequency network voltage of the wire. Through the connection of the power line 4 and the grounding line 5, a power frequency AC source can be obtained between the two, and the built-in voltage comparison and indicator light can be driven by the built-in rectification circuit and 3-terminal voltage stabilization process in the fault diagnosis circuit 125. circuit powered. This power supply mode is not affected by light, temperature, altitude and weather, and has a simple and reliable structure, low price, and can continuously provide power.

The invention detects and judges whether the main body is degraded by detecting the change degree of the voltage drop of the built-in zinc oxide resistor scale unit, and solves the technical problem that this type of arrester cannot be detected online; the electric field induction on the metal plate surface takes power without any connection with the wire. Contact, safe and reliable, the power-taking time is not affected by various factors such as space and weather, and does not require energy storage. It has the value of popularization and application such as simple structure, uninterrupted power supply, and low cost. Composed of light-emitting diode indicator lights, the device can be completed with only a small number of electronic devices; it is cured by epoxy resin potting glue, and forms an integrated structure with a 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester, which has low price, accurate fault indication, The advantages of maintenance-free provide a cost-effective and feasible solution for the large-scale promotion and application of on-line monitoring of 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arresters.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, All should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester fault identification method is characterized in that: a fault identification device is used to carry out, and the fault identification device includes an induction power-taking circuit, a voltage gradient detection circuit, and a fault identification circuit, and the fault identification circuit includes A fault diagnosis circuit and a fault indication module; the method includes: The inductive power-fetching circuit uses the power frequency AC electric field to transform the induced charge through a space coupling method to obtain a system power supply to provide working power for the fault diagnosis circuit and the fault indication module; The voltage gradient detection circuit collects the power frequency AC signal of the 10kV fixed external series gap arrester, and converts the collected power frequency AC signal into a DC level signal; The fault diagnosis circuit detects the DC level signal obtained by the voltage gradient detection circuit to determine whether the arrester is faulty; The fault indication module sends out an alarm indication signal when the fault diagnosis circuit detects that the lightning arrester fails. 2. A method for fault identification of a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the induction power-taking circuit is a disc-shaped conductive plate, including a power-taking plate and a power-taking terminal, and the power-taking circuit The electric plate is located under the 10kV overhead line, and the plane of the plate is parallel to the wires. The electric field intensity changes on the plate surface due to the induction of the power frequency AC electric field transformation, and the changing field strength induces charges to gather at the power-taking terminals. 3. A fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fault identification device also includes a power line and a grounding line, and the power-taking terminal and one end of the power line are fastened The other end of the power cord is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit; one end of the ground wire is connected to the ground, and the other end is connected to the internal fault diagnosis circuit. 4. A method for fault identification of a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that: said 10kV fixed external series gap arrester comprises a surge arrester body on which said voltage gradient detection circuit and The fault identification circuit. 5. A kind of 10kV fixed outer series gap surge arrester fault identification method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described voltage gradient detection circuit comprises voltage sampling lead wire, the composite sheath insulator insulation resistance of series connection and some zinc oxide resistors, The voltage sampling wire is drawn from the upper end of a zinc oxide resistor adjacent to the low-voltage end, and outputs a DC level signal after sampling. 6. A method for fault identification of a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 4, wherein the fault identification circuit comprises a cylindrical shell, a fault diagnosis circuit installed in the cylindrical shell, and a fault indication module, the The above fault indication module is an indicator light arranged symmetrically around the circumference of the cylindrical shell. 7. A fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 6, characterized in that: the cylindrical shell is also provided with an inlet hole and an axial fixing hole, and the inlet hole is used to pass through Power line and grounding line; the axial fixing hole is a through hole, which is used to pass through the bottom bolt of the 10kV fixed external series gap zinc oxide arrester, and the bottom bolt is fixed and integrated by fasteners. 8. A method for fault identification of a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fault identification device also includes a rectifier circuit connected to the induction power-taking circuit, and the fault diagnosis circuit has a built-in voltage comparison circuit and indicator light drive circuit, the rectification circuit is used to rectify the AC induced charge obtained from the power line of the power-taking terminal of the power-taking panel and the grounding line from the earth, and output it with a stable voltage, as a built-in voltage comparison circuit and The power supply for the indicator light driving circuit. 9. The fault identification method for a 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester according to claim 8, wherein the voltage comparison circuit is used to compare the DC level signal output by the voltage gradient detection circuit with a given threshold, and output logic level signal to judge whether the integrated 10kV fixed external series gap surge arrester is in good condition; the indicator light drive circuit is used to amplify the received logic level signal, and drive the fault indication module to send an alarm indication signal.

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