CN115900435A - Dc coil gun suitable for various guns - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct current coil gun which can control megaampere current to be below hundred ampere current to achieve and exceed the performance of a rail gun by utilizing the magnetic effect of current and using the principles of a direct current permanent magnet linear motor and an electromagnet for combination and application in the field of electromagnetic guns. The gun barrel is designed into a plurality of stages of electromagnets with constantly alternating magnetic poles, the problem of non-contact of a proximity switch is solved by using the brush reversing principle of a direct current motor instead, the permanent magnet cannonball with invariable magnetic pole direction is attracted by using the characteristics that the magnetic induction line is closed by the preferred minimum optimal path of magnetic resistance and the magnetic induction line under the coil is the most intensive, the attraction and repulsion force of the magnet is fully utilized to act on the cannonball, the cannonball is constantly accelerated and finally reaches the preset speed to be launched, the advantages of a rail cannon and a coil cannon are integrated, the defects are avoided, and the gun can be widely applied to cannons, foundations or carrier-borne heavy cannon systems of pistols, rifles, light and heavy machine guns, armored vehicles and tanks. The cannonball not only can be used as a kinetic energy weapon, but also can be filled with explosive to increase the power.

Description

Dc coil gun suitable for various guns

1. The technical fields of national defense and military, firearms, physics of middle school, current magnetic effect, electromagnetic induction, motors, electromagnets, mechanics and kinetic energy

2. Compared with the traditional cannon taking gunpowder as power, the electromagnetic cannon in the background technology is an advanced kinetic energy weapon and has the advantages of high initial speed, long shooting range, good stability of the projectile, good concealment, adjustable launching energy of the projectile, low cost and the like. The coil cannon is the earliest form of the electromagnetic cannon, a plurality of coils are combined and coaxially arranged, the coil is called a driving coil, a projectile is also a coaxial coil, the movement is started from one end of a shaft, a control system sequentially energizes the driving coil, the projectile coil continuously accelerates under the action of Lorentz force when passing through the driving coils, the more the coils are, the stronger the current is, and the greater the muzzle discharge speed of the projectile coil is. Theoretically, the advantages are obvious, the projectile coil is like a magnetic suspension train, does not touch an accelerating coil, has no frictional resistance, is small in abrasion, does not need megaampere-level current, can realize larger Lorentz force, is high in energy utilization efficiency, and can emit projectiles with larger mass. However, it is considered that there are many disadvantages in the conventional induction motors, and since the magnetic field of the induction current always hinders the change of the magnetic flux causing the induction current according to lenz's law, the rotation speed of the motor is determined by the power supply frequency and the number of pole pairs, the rotating magnetic field of the stator determines the magnetic field of the induction current of the rotor, and the magnetic field of the induction current of the rotor always catches up with the rotating magnetic field of the stator and never catches up with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, and there is a certain slip ratio, the induction motor is also called an asynchronous motor. The power of the motor can only determine the amount of load carrying capacity it can carry, and the speed is not determined by the power. The linear motor can be understood as a special form for unfolding the rotary motor, wherein the principle of the coil gun is the same as that of the linear motor, but the power supply frequency of each stage of accelerating coil must be increased step by step to enable the advancing speed of the projectile to be increased continuously to reach the required exit speed. At present, the mature technology is the rail gun, the requirement of high exit speed is high, the coil gun is generally not considered for military use, but the rail gun needs megaampere-level current, can not emit shells with larger mass, the rail burning is serious, all countries are in the stage of research and development experiments, even if the electric energy supply is partially solved at present, the research and development of new materials also partially solve the problem of rail burning, but a certain distance is left from the actual combat requirement, and China has taken lead and only the rail gun realizes the ship-borne test. In terms of efficiency, the energy utilization rate of the current rail gun can only reach 30%, theoretically the highest energy utilization rate can only reach 50%, and the energy utilization rate of the coil gun can theoretically reach 100%. The electromagnetic cannon for fire fighting is probably the coil cannon which has high energy utilization efficiency, can emit shells with larger mass and does not pursue ultra-long distance in China. Different from the principle of an firearms gun, the electromagnetic gun is not suitable for designing rifling, and in order to stabilize the flight attitude, the bullets start playing brownian motion after being popped out of a chamber for hundreds of meters, the length-diameter ratio of the bullets needs to be increased, and the bullets become slender.

A dc motor is a device that converts dc electric energy into mechanical energy, and is widely used in electric traction due to its good speed-adjusting performance. In the case of a dc permanent magnet rotating motor, it has the advantages of fast response, large starting torque, and providing rated torque from zero speed to rated speed, but the advantages of a dc motor are the disadvantages because the dc motor is required to generate constant torque under rated load, the permanent magnet magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field are required to be maintained at 90 ° by carbon brushes and commutators. The carbon brush and the commutator generate sparks and carbon powder when the motor rotates, so that the use occasions are limited besides damage to components. Compared with a linear alternating current motor, the linear direct current motor has the obvious advantages that: the running efficiency is high, and the problem of low power factor is solved; the control is more convenient and flexible.

An electromagnet is an application technology utilizing current magnetic effect, and a device which is internally provided with an iron core and has magnetism like a magnet by utilizing a coil which is electrified is called an electromagnet. When the attraction force is greater than the reaction force of the spring, the armature begins to move toward the core. When the current in the coil is less than a certain value or the power supply is interrupted, the electromagnetic attraction force is less than the counterforce of the spring, and the armature returns to the original release position under the action of the counterforce. The power supply type of the exciting coil can be divided into a direct current electromagnet and an alternating current electromagnet; according to the shape of the magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit can be divided into an open circuit magnetizer and a closed circuit magnetizer; and also classified according to the action speed, the armature attracting mode and the like. The electromagnetic wave can be classified into clapper type, solenoid type and E type electromagnets. The direct current passes through the direct current electromagnet exciting coil, the established magnetic flux is constant magnetic flux which does not change along with time, eddy current and hysteresis loss do not exist in the iron core, the iron core does not generate heat, the coil can be directly wound on the iron core, the iron core also has the function of conducting and radiating heat, the iron core material can be made of integral steel or industrial pure iron, the processing is convenient, and the iron core material is usually made into a cylindrical shape; the alternating current passes through the alternating current magnet exciting coil, the established magnetic flux is alternating magnetic flux which changes along with time, eddy current and magnetic hysteresis loss exist in the iron core, the iron core material can not be manufactured by whole steel or industrial pure iron, the iron core material is often formed by overlapping thin silicon steel sheets, the alternating current magnet exciting coil is convenient to process and is often made into a square shape, and the coil is also made into a square shape; solenoid electromagnets are widely used in both ac and dc electromagnets due to their large attraction and long stroke.

The direct current resistance of the coil with a certain specification is certain, if the influence of temperature on the resistance value is neglected, direct current and alternating current are conducted to the coil within the voltage-resistant range, and the current magnitude is different. In the direct current circuit, only a resistor is used for limiting the current to pass, according to ohm's law, the current in the direct current circuit is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance value, and the direct current circuit is irrelevant to the existence of a magnetizer around the coil and whether a magnetic circuit of the magnetizer is completely closed through a ferromagnetic substance or an air gap exists, the product of the current and the turn number of the coil, namely the magnetic potential only influences the magnetic saturation degree of the ferromagnetic substance of the iron core, under the condition that the magnetic saturation state is not reached, the magnetic energy of the magnetic effect of the current can be fully utilized, but in turn, the unsaturated iron core saturation does not influence the current passing through the coil. In the ac circuit, the current is limited to pass through an inductive reactance due to electromagnetic induction and a capacitive reactance due to electrostatic induction in addition to a resistance. The direct current resistance of the coil is a secondary factor, the capacitive reactance is small enough to be ignored, the largest obstacle obstructing the passage of alternating current is inductive reactance, and the magnitude of the inductive reactance has great relation with the frequency of the alternating current, the existence of the ferromagnetic iron core, the closing mode of the magnetic circuit, the length of the air gap of the magnetic circuit and the degree of magnetic saturation of the iron core. Still further, in the following aspects of the invention, where a dc electromagnet is used, we want to make full use of the magnetic effect of the current and minimize its inevitable thermal effects, the barrel acts as an electromagnet core, with a magnetic moment in the core that reaches the level of the magnetic moment of the coreBefore saturation, the maximum magnetic potential provided by the coil is allowed as a design parameter, the magnetic potential is equal to the product of current and the number of turns, and in a pure resistance circuit, I = U/R, and Joule heat Q = I ² Rt＝U ² t/R, reducing the direct current resistance of the coil can reduce the supply voltage, which is a better scheme that can reduce the side effect of the thermal effect while fully utilizing the magnetic effect of the current, but has the disadvantages that the coil volume needs to be increased, and how to implement the method is not a problem for experts in the field of electromechanical industry.

One of the speed regulating methods for DC motor is to regulate the voltage supplied to armature winding to change the rotation speed of motor synchronously and linearly.

Proximity switches, also known as contactless proximity switches, are ideal electronic switch-type sensors. When the detecting body reaches the induction area of the proximity switch, the switch can send out an electric command rapidly without contact, pressure and spark, and accurately reflect the position and the stroke of the motion mechanism, even if the detecting body is used for general stroke control, the positioning precision, the operation frequency, the service life, the convenience of installation and adjustment and the adaptability to severe environment of the detecting body are all incomparable with those of a general mechanical stroke switch. Common inductive, capacitive and Hall switches and photoelectric switches can be classified into proximity switches, and various proximity switches have different requirements on the material and distance perception of objects.

The electromagnetic gun has entered into the shipboard target practice test, and because it needs strong power supply, it has high requirements for shipboard power generation systems, and can only be applied to large ships, how to reduce the power demand? Is the electromagnetic gun manufactured using the same principle? Can not be widely used in artillery, foundation or carrier-based heavy gun systems for pistols, rifles, light and heavy machine guns, armored vehicles, and tanks? No matter the track cannon which is mature relatively and has the greatest development potential in the prior art and enters the shipborne target shooting test, or the coil cannon which is researched earliest, and the electric heating cannon and the reconnection cannon all need electric energy to provide acting force, the problems that the use occasion of the track cannon is limited by the requirement of a strong electric energy source and the utilization rate of the electric energy are involved, the magnetic effect of the current is utilized while the side effect of the heat effect of the current is avoided, the acting time of the force is limited by the length of a cannon barrel, the dead weight of a projectile and the exit speed are chosen or rejected are solved one by using the physical knowledge learned by middle school, and the defects existing in the design of the existing electromagnetic cannon are overcome one by one.

3. The invention relates to a direct current coil gun which is suitable for various guns. The gun barrel is directly and coaxially provided with a plurality of stages of direct current driving coils outside the gun barrel, a proximity switch induction head is arranged in front of a first stage coil, behind a last stage coil and between every two adjacent stages of coils for punching, an air seal plug is arranged, a rifling can be designed in the gun barrel, a high-voltage direct current power supply supplies power, the flying position of the gun barrel in the gun barrel passes through the proximity switch, the proximity switch senses and feeds back to automatically control the reversing of each stage of coil for power failure, the counter electromotive force generated by the reversing can be timely and repeatedly utilized, and the gun barrel not only serves as a kinetic weapon, but also can be filled with explosive to increase power.

Through the physics knowledge of middle school and school, the toy electromagnetic cannon played at a small school is seen back, the dry battery supplies electric energy to the coil, the magnetic effect of current generates a magnetic field, the ferromagnetic cannonball is magnetized, the attraction force is generated to the cannonball, and the force acts on the cannonball to launch the cannonball. The physical knowledge involved here, the solenoid is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by direct current is similar to a bar magnet, the direction of the magnetic field can be judged by a right-hand screw rule, the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the number of turns of a coil and the magnitude of current, and if ferromagnetic substances are inserted into the coil, the magnetic field strength can be greatly increased. The number of turns of the direct current solenoid is a fixed value, the strength of a generated magnetic field is only in direct proportion to the current intensity, the magnetic field at the midpoint of the solenoid is strongest, the magnetized magnetic pole polarity of the ferromagnetic cannonball is always opposite to the polarity of the solenoid, the attraction force is the largest when the ferromagnetic cannonball reaches the midpoint, and the reverse attraction force is also the largest when the ferromagnetic cannonball crosses the midpoint. The high voltage of the boosting module is used for charging the capacitor, the ferromagnetic cannonball is powered off without crossing the midpoint by utilizing the characteristic of rapid discharge of the capacitor (the capacitor is used up the stored electric energy without electricity), the direct current is communicated, the coil resistance is a fixed value, the problems of alternating current inductive reactance and the like are solved, the current is directly and positively correlated with the voltage, the magnetic field intensity is increased by improving the power supply voltage, the acting force is increased for the cannonball, the power is timely powered off simultaneously, and the cannonball is emitted by the inertial motion of the cannonball. Another important feature of energized solenoids is that the insertion of a ferromagnetic mass into the solenoid greatly increases the magnetic induction. The commonly used electromagnet is formed by sleeving a coil on a magnetizer with a certain shape, and a strong magnetic field can be generated by only introducing a small excitation current into the coil so as to generate a strong attraction force. What would be the case if a hollow tubular ferromagnetic core were inserted?

Although the electromagnetic cannon with an alternating current coil is originally conceived to be used for an electromagnetic cannon, the electromagnetic cannon is not suitable for the electromagnetic cannon because the synchronous technology of the electromagnetic cannon is more complex than that of a direct current coil, the electromagnetic cannon is analyzed by a first-level driving coil, the coil reaches a certain length and is powered by alternating current, due to the characteristics of the alternating current, the direction of a magnetic field generated in the coil is continuously alternated along with the frequency of the alternating current, a projectile coil generates induced electromotive force in a changing magnetic field, the coil is closed and has induced current, the magnetic field of the induced current always obstructs the change of magnetic flux causing the induced current according to lenz's law, the principle of an asynchronous motor is the same, the magnetic field of the projectile coil always changes in the magnetic field which continuously pursues the driving coil and can move without pursuing the driving coil, the linear advancing mode of the projectile is pulsating, the magnetic field is different from the strongest magnetic field at the middle point of the direct current coil, the projectile coil almost moves at a constant speed in the driving coil from the inlet to the outlet of the coil, and the projectile coil is also has an obvious deceleration process by lenz's law to reject ' the characteristic when the outlet. The power can be increased only by increasing the magnetic field intensity, the projectile with larger mass can be driven, but the speed cannot be increased, and the movement speed of the projectile can be increased only by increasing the frequency of the alternating current step by step according to the sequence of the driving coils. If the multi-stage coil is started step by step, the starting current is several times larger than the normal running current each time, and the efficiency is difficult to improve.

By analyzing the toy electromagnetic cannon, aiming at the problems existing in the existing design, the method for judging whether the direct current coil can be used and the hollow ferromagnetic iron core is added in the coil to increase the magnetic induction intensity by combining theory and practice is not used for driving the common ferromagnetic material but driving the permanent magnet cannon shell, and the attraction force and the repulsion force are used for alternative action, so that the limited length of the cannon barrel is fully and repeatedly utilized. For this purpose, simple qualitative experiments were performed, and the feasibility was further verified using the learned theory. The first two experiments are experiments that others have done, and the operations are not repeated, but only the principles related to the present invention are briefly described.

Experiment one, the magnet is made to freely fall in the copper pipe, and as a result, the falling speed of the magnet is lower than the speed of the magnet when the magnet freely falls outside the copper pipe. The middle school physics learns the Lenz law, a copper pipe can be regarded as a plurality of radial closed coils, when a magnet penetrates through the copper pipe, a variable magnetic field is equivalently given to each coil, the closed coils are influenced by the variable magnetic field to generate induced current, the accompanying magnetic field of the induced current reversely acts on the magnet to block the change of the magnetic field of the magnet, and the phenomenon is shown that the magnetic field of the magnet repels each other, so that the falling speed of the magnet is reduced.

In the second experiment, the hollow solenoid is not limited to the dc or ac current, and for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the solenoid is only explained here as the dc current. When the solenoid is electrified, ferromagnetic substances which are not limited to balls, strips, long or short columns and are placed in the nozzle can be sucked into the solenoid, the movement speed of the ferromagnetic substances is related to the mass and the shape of the solenoid, the diameter and the number of turns of the solenoid, and the electrified voltage (the direct current solenoid has resistance and no impedance, and the voltage directly determines the current), the ferromagnetic substances are electrified and kept, and the ferromagnetic substances are quickly pulled back to stay in the center of the solenoid after crossing a neutral line in the solenoid. The theory is that when the solenoid is electrified, due to the magnetic effect of current, the magnetic induction lines in the solenoid are relatively densest, the whole solenoid is like a bar magnet, the central magnetic field intensity is the largest, the ferromagnetic material in the influence range of the nozzle magnetic field can be magnetized to become the magnet with opposite polarity, under the action of the attraction force of the solenoid, according to the Newton second law, the ferromagnetic material can be accelerated to enter the solenoid, the force is stronger towards the center of the solenoid, so the ferromagnetic material does variable acceleration linear motion, if the power supply is suddenly cut off before the ferromagnetic material enters the center of the solenoid, according to the Newton first law, the ferromagnetic material can keep inertia and fly out of the solenoid, and if the power supply is kept continuously, the ferromagnetic material can cross the center line point due to inertia in the solenoid, but can quickly stay at the center of the solenoid with the strongest magnetic field intensity.

According to the study textbook knowledge, a direct current solenoid is electrified, the solenoid is shaped like a bar magnet, the magnetic pole direction can be judged by a right-hand spiral rule, and the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the number of turns of the solenoid and the size of the electrified current. Furthermore, the smaller the diameter of the solenoid is, the denser the magnetic induction lines in the tube are, that is, the magnetic induction intensity is higher, for the same current and the same number of turns; placing a ferromagnetic material inside the solenoid will greatly increase the magnetic induction.

The following qualitative experiments related to the invention are made according to the invention conception thought by combining theoretical knowledge and experiments made by other people:

and thirdly, taking an outer tube of the disposable injector, wherein the outer diameter of the outer tube is 13.60mm, the wall thickness of the outer tube is 0.80mm, manually winding a solenoid by using enameled wires with the wire diameter of 0.48mm, the number of five layers is about 200, the total length of the solenoid is about 29mm, a neodymium iron boron strong magnet is arranged in a cylinder, the diameter and the length of the cylinder are both 12mm, the magnetic field direction is axial, a 18650 battery and the voltage of 3.7V are used, placing the neodymium iron boron magnet near the tube, not limited to the orifice of the flush solenoid, electrifying the solenoid, and showing that like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other according to the polarities of a magnetic pole formed by the electrified solenoid and a magnetic pole of a permanent magnet. When the polarity is different, the permanent magnet is sucked into the solenoid and always stays at the middle point of the solenoid, and when the power supply is cut off, the power supply is reversely connected, the permanent magnet is repelled out, the direction of the repelled out is not fixed, and is related to the slight inclination angle of the solenoid.

And fourthly, intercepting two common iron pipes, namely an outer diameter of 15.86mm, a wall thickness of 0.80mm, an outer diameter of 19.38mm and a wall thickness of 1.10mm, wherein the two common iron pipes just can be used as movable linings respectively with a disposable syringe needle tube of 5ml and a disposable syringe needle tube of 10ml, the sizes of the two common iron pipes are 13.60mm in outer diameter, 0.80mm in wall thickness, 16.44mm in outer diameter and 0.98mm in wall thickness, the two neodymium iron boron strong magnets are both cylinders, one of the two common iron boron strong magnets is 12mm in diameter and length, the other is 15mm in diameter, the magnetic field direction is axial, and the two common iron pipes just can move respectively in the disposable syringe needle tubes of 5ml and 10ml (the permanent magnet of 15mm can be filled in the disposable syringe needle tube of 10ml, but the movement resistance is large, and the syringe can move in the iron pipes in the experiment). The magnets are respectively arranged in the needle cylinder to be inserted into the iron pipes, the purpose of using the needle tube as a lining is to prevent the magnets from attracting the pipe orifices of the iron pipes to block the magnets from advancing, whether the magnets are horizontally arranged or vertically arranged, the magnets freely fall at the upper part or are arranged below the iron pipes when the magnets are vertically arranged, when the distance between the magnets and the pipe orifices of the iron pipes is less than 30mm, the magnets can be quickly sucked into the iron pipes, the entering depth is related to the distance between the initial magnets and the pipe orifices of the iron pipes, and because the density of the materials of the pipe walls of the iron pipes is not necessarily balanced, the friction resistance factors are considered, most importantly, the problem of the concentricity of the magnets and the iron pipes is caused, the magnetic strength of the pipe walls at two ends of the magnets is not balanced, the entering depth of the magnets is not quantitative basis, and only a qualitative experiment can be calculated. The purpose of the experiment is not to overturn the first experiment, the theory is not mutually contradictory to the first experiment, the mechanical theory tells us that the force is a factor for changing the motion state of the object, the first law of Newton tells us the law of inertia, the second law of Newton tells us that the larger the acting force is for the object with certain mass, the larger the acceleration of the displacement generated in the direction of the force is. The iron pipe receives the influence of magnet magnetic field to be magnetized, and the iron pipe is fixed, shows that magnet atress accelerated motion is inhaled in the iron pipe, and after magnet got into intraductal completely, the pipe wall at magnet both ends was unanimous by magnetization intensity, and the equal atress in the two poles of the earth of magnet, the equal opposite direction of size, if not counting gravity and frictional force, magnet can keep uniform motion according to the first law of newton, still has the effect of lenz law and this experimental materials concentricity problem, and magnet gets into certain degree of depth and can stop. Experiments also show that in the range of the magnetic field capable of attracting the magnet to move, the farther the distance between the magnet and the nozzle is, the longer the suction depth is, the closer the distance is, the shorter the suction depth is, because the suction force is in inverse proportion to the distance in a certain geometric series (not in an arithmetic series relationship), although the suction force is the same when the distance between the magnet and the nozzle is the same, the acceleration is the same, but the initial speeds of the inlets are different due to different releasing distances.

And fifthly, similarly, enameled wires with the wire diameter of 0.48mm are used for manually winding the solenoids on two iron pipes with different diameters, the five layers of the solenoids have about 200 turns, the total length of the solenoids is about 29mm, the number of turns is consistent, the lengths of the solenoids are consistent, the total length of the enameled wires is different due to different diameters of the wire pipes, and the direct current resistance is slightly different. Insert the iron pipe with matcing the cylinder respectively, magnet places in the cylinder, magnet and iron pipe wall mouth distance are greater than 30mm and place, according to magnet magnetic pole polarity, when coil circular telegram current direction makes the magnetic pole polarity that the solenoid produced relative to the magnet face the same, magnet is rejected and jets out, change power polarity, magnet is inhaled fast and stops at the coil mid point, at this moment, change power polarity again, experimental design envisions can be the same magnet of discharging with hollow solenoid, the result is different with the design, magnet motionless, the analysis reason, the magnetic potential that 3.7V power supply provided is not enough to reverse the magnetic field direction of the iron core that has been magnetized by magnet, and the material of iron core does not belong to soft magnetic material and also has certain relation.

Experiment six, two inductive proximity switches are purchased, one each LJ12A3-4-Z/BX (non-shielding) LJ12A3-2-Z/BX (shielding), a direct current normally-open PNP type is adopted, the power supply voltage is 6-36V, the detection distance of the former part is 4mm, the latter part is 2mm, a 12V voltage-stabilized power supply is adopted for direct current power supply, when no metal interference exists in the front and the periphery of the two inductive heads, when a metal object approaches the inductive heads, a trigger switch action is respectively carried out at 4mm and 2mm, when the metal object is cut in or removed from the side, the trigger switch action can be carried out only when the edge of the inductive head made of ABS materials moves to the middle point 1mm, and the metal object is actually flush with the edge of the internal coil. The neodymium iron boron strong magnet is used as a trigger, when the neodymium iron boron strong magnet is just close to or removed from the induction head, or when the neodymium iron boron strong magnet is cut in or removed from the side, the trigger distance is increased to three to five times of the rated distance, and the trigger is related to the magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet. An ordinary iron pipe with the outer diameter of 15.86mm and the wall thickness of 0.80mm is used for covering an LJ12A3-4-Z/BX (non-shielding type) proximity switch, the proximity switch is in a trigger closed working state in the whole section of the iron pipe under the influence of pipe wall metal, and the normal function can be played only when the induction head is completely exposed out of the pipe opening. An ordinary iron pipe with the outer diameter of 15.86mm and the wall thickness of 0.80mm is used for covering an LJ12A3-2-Z/BX (shielded) proximity switch, the proximity switch is in a normally open state in the iron pipe, the metal of the pipe wall does not trigger and influence an induction head, the induction head is flat in the pipe opening or is sunk into the pipe opening by 2mm (detection distance) or is installed in a stretching mode, and the induction head can normally work according with installation requirements. Furthermore, the induction head is installed in a flat pipe opening or a 2mm sinking way, the iron pipe is approached from the side by a neodymium iron boron strong magnet, the plane of the magnet is vertically intersected with the plane of the pipe opening and is exposed out of the plane of the pipe opening, and even if the iron pipe is attracted, the induction head cannot trigger the proximity switch to work. Analysis and theory at present suggest that no magnetism isolating material can completely block magnetic induction lines, so-called magnetism isolation is not suitable for magnetic guidance, and the material with higher magnetic permeability is used for guiding the magnetic induction lines to pass through densely and quickly so as to reduce magnetic leakage to the part needing shielding, which is a better way for realizing magnetic shielding. The iron pipe belongs to ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic conductivity of the iron pipe is thousands of times of that of air, a magnetic induction line passes through the pipe wall quickly, magnetic leakage is little in the induction detection range of the proximity switch induction head and is not enough to trigger the switch to act, the neodymium iron boron strong magnet is used for approaching the iron pipe from the position right in front of the proximity switch induction head, the switch can be triggered to act when the detection distance is larger than the calibrated detection distance, and the experiment is further verified through theory and practice, so that a solid foundation is laid for the invention.

According to the experiments, the assumed electromagnetic gun is that a multistage direct current-supplied solenoid coil is directly installed outside a gun barrel, a permanent magnet is installed in a cannonball, the solenoid is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the gun barrel serves as ferromagnetic substances filled in the solenoid to increase the magnetic induction intensity, and the unlike poles of the gun barrel and the like poles of the gun barrel are attracted and repelled with each other to continuously accelerate the cannonball to obtain a high muzzle discharging speed. The power supply is high-voltage direct current, and the synchronization system is realized by punching the shielding type proximity switch on the gun barrel to sense the automatic synchronization of the positions of the shells, and the details are described in the following with reference to the attached drawings.

The invention triggers an inlet proximity switch to work through the movement position of a permanent magnet cannonball, a first-stage drive coil joint a and a joint b are simultaneously connected with the anode and the cathode of high-voltage direct current through an intermediate relay coupling switch, the attraction between an electromagnet of a cannon barrel and a permanent magnet in the cannonball accelerates the movement of the cannonball, when the cannonball completely enters a coil, the tail end of the cannonball leaves an induction head of the proximity switch, the drive coil joint a and the joint b are disconnected with the anode and the cathode of the high-voltage direct current, back electromotive force is generated in the disconnected coil at the moment, the permanent magnet reaches the middle point of the coil and continues to advance along with inertia, the bullet triggers a second proximity switch between first-stage coils to work, and the first-stage drive coil joint b and the joint a are connected with the anode and the cathode of the high-voltage direct current through the intermediate relay coupling switch, meanwhile, a joint a and a joint b of a second-stage driving coil are communicated with a positive pole and a negative pole of high-voltage direct current, current of a first-stage coil is reversed, back electromotive force is utilized simultaneously, magnetic poles of a solenoid are reversed to become strong repulsive force to continuously push the cannonball to advance, the direction of the repulsive force and the direction of the attractive force are consistent with the movement direction of the cannonball, the repulsive force and the attractive force of the second-stage coil are acted on the cannonball together, the cannonball is pushed to enter the second-stage driving coil, the actions are repeated, the cannonball is continuously accelerated under the action of the attractive force, the repulsive force, the attractive force and the repulsive force in a cannonball tube, the last outlet is triggered to approach a switch to work when the outlet of a last-stage driving coil, an intermediate relay only reverses current of the last-stage coil, the repulsive force moves to the cannonball, and no cannonball is used for restraining reverse attractive force of a permanent magnet in the cannonball. Because the outlet speed of each level of coil determines the initial speed of the inlet of the next level of coil, the quality of the cannonball is certain, and the acceleration of the cannonball is directly determined by the acting force, the cannonball continuously accelerates in the cannon barrel, and the high speed of the cannon popping out of the chamber is achieved.

4. Description of the drawings fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct current electromagnetic gun of the invention, which is illustrated by taking three stages of driving coils as an example, and the actual coil stages are designed according to the length of a gun barrel. The gun barrel also serves as an electromagnet core with a ferromagnetic core, rifling can be designed in the gun barrel to force the cannonball to axially rotate in the gun barrel. The cannonball after being loaded and locked is arranged at the starting position on the left side, holes are formed in the cannon barrel at equal intervals according to the length of the driving coil, the proximity switch induction heads can be accommodated and installed, the cannon barrel is installed according to the depth required by the detection distance of the induction heads, and the air seal blockage does not affect the air flow in the cannon barrel. The proximity switch induction heads on the left side of the first-stage driving coil and the right side of the last-stage driving coil are matched with the inlet induction head and the outlet induction head, and the proximity switch induction heads between every two adjacent stages of coils are matched with the inter-stage induction heads. The shell can only trigger one induction head to work in the running process, the proximity switch preferably uses a low-voltage direct-current normally-open inductive shielding type as a preferred mode, metal objects are sensed, the on-off and the reversing of a coil and high-voltage direct current are controlled through an intermediate relay, the intermediate relay is not shown in the drawing, and the type selection and the efficacy are explained by text.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frontal projection plane of the cannonball, wherein the left side is an integrated cannonball, and the right side is a split cannonball. In the left figure, the head and the tail of the cannon bullet are in a cone shape, and in order to reduce air resistance, a head and tail shape trajectory expert can specifically design a radian according to an actual theory. The middle section is a standard cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is just the diameter of a shell, the diameter of the cylinder is matched with the inner diameter of a gun barrel, the axial rotation stability in operation is ensured, the effective length of the induction head of the proximity switch is triggered, the length of the induction head is equal to or slightly shorter than that of a coil, namely the long edge of a large rectangular frame in a projection plane diagram, the length of the shell is not counted in the part of a head-tail cone part exceeding the detection distance of the induction head, the middle code line part is a permanent magnet, the two ends of the permanent magnet comprise a shell which is a non-ferromagnetic solid metal body, and explosives can be filled in the hollow part according to different gun shapes. The right side is designed into a split type shell, the left half section is the middle section of the same type shell, the non-ferromagnetic metal body hollow shell wraps the permanent magnet in the middle, the length is the effective length of the induction head of the trigger proximity switch, the length is equal to the length of the driving coil, the effect is equal to that of the electrified conductor and the sabot of the track gun in the existing design, the permanent magnet can be designed into two half bodies, the permanent magnet is a cylinder with a center hole, the oblique line long conical warhead can freely slide through the center hole of the permanent magnet and the hole on the right side of the metal body hollow shell, the tail end can be designed into a rotary tail wing, the tail end is matched with the bulge of the sabot (not shown in the figure), the long conical warhead is integrated with a propelling part in the gun barrel and rotates together, the long conical warhead drops due to the influence of gravity after the gun barrel and continuously rotates and flies, the long conical warhead is made of a non-magnetic-conductive metal material, and can be solid metal or hollow explosive filled in the gun barrel.

Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of the force-bearing movement principle of the cannonball at different positions. The N pole of a permanent magnet in the shell points to the right side, the shell at the initial position of the left side after loading and locking can magnetize the suction force of the gun barrel to the gun barrel by the magnetic field energy of the shell, the shell is unlocked and simultaneously fired, the shell enters the gun barrel at a certain initial speed, the working of an inlet induction head of a first-stage coil is triggered in the diagram 3, the ends a and b of the coil are controlled by an intermediate relay to be respectively and simultaneously conducted with the positive pole and the negative pole of high-voltage direct current, the gun barrel is like a hollow electromagnet due to the magnetic effect of current, magnetic induction lines are marked in the arrow direction and run most intensively in ferromagnetic substances, and due to the running characteristic of the magnetic induction lines, the magnetic leakage flux hardly exists in an air medium in the whole gun barrel, the air medium is closed outside the gun barrel, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic induction lines at the midpoint of the first-stage coil is strongest, and the direction of the magnetic induction lines is consistent with the direction of the magnetic induction lines of the shell permanent magnet, so that the shell is sucked into the gun barrel in an accelerated manner. The closed loop of the gun barrel electromagnet magnetic induction line and the permanent magnet magnetic induction line in the cannonball is not shown, and is only explained by means of attraction and repulsion (the same below). And when the position of the figure 4 is reached, the permanent magnet of the cannonball reaches the middle point of the first-stage coil, the metal object approaching cannot be detected by the inlet and the interstage induction head of the cannonball, the experiment is consistent with the sixth experiment, the closed path of the magnetic induction line of the permanent magnet in the cannonball prefers the shortest line with the minimum magnetic resistance, the two ends of the permanent magnet immediately form a closed loop through the ferromagnetic substance of the cannonball pipe, the leakage magnetic flux does not extend to the two ends of the cylindrical part of the cannonball shell with the paramagnetic substance, the detection distance of the approach switch is hardly increased by the magnetic field, the coil is powered off, and the cannonball continues to advance along with the inertia. When the position of figure 5 is reached, an interstage induction head is triggered, the proximity switch works, the a end and the b end of the previous stage coil are controlled by an intermediate relay to be respectively and simultaneously conducted with the negative pole and the positive pole of high-voltage direct current, the a end and the b end of the next stage coil are respectively and simultaneously conducted with the positive pole and the negative pole of high-voltage direct current, the current of the previous stage coil is reversed, the magnetic induction line is still intensively passed through the ferromagnetic substance of a gun barrel and closed by air, the magnetic induction intensity is strongest at the midpoint of the stage coil, the direction of the magnetic field is only different, the traveling path is changed, the repelling force is applied to a shell, the magnetic field generated in the power-on direction of the next stage coil is opposite to the magnetic field generated in the power-on direction of the previous stage coil, the traveling path is also changed, and when a shoe-shaped electromagnet is designed, the teacher emphasizes that the wire winding directions of two sides are different in a certain way, however, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is not contradictory in concept, the hoof-type electromagnet aims to attract iron, the attracted ferromagnetic substance serves as a magnetizer of a closed magnetic circuit, the attraction force to the attracted ferromagnetic substance is very strong, the first-stage coil conducts electricity to repel the cannonball, the second-stage coil conducts electricity to attract the cannonball, the magnetic induction line is a closed curve without heads and tails, the fastest path is always found to be closed, the two-stage coil is respectively turned to be closed, the direction of the magnetic induction line is as shown in figure 5, the point repulsion force in the first-stage coil is strongest, the ferromagnetic substance at the inlet of the gun barrel is closed through air, the magnetic induction line generated by electrifying the second-stage coil is always low in magnetic resistance in the ferromagnetic substance of the gun barrel and smoothly passes through the outlet of the gun barrel to leave the ferromagnetic substance and is closed through air, and the attraction force in the point of the second-stage coil is strongest. The drawing is not shown, and if the reason of more stages of coils is repeated, the description is omitted and the process is directly skipped. As shown in fig. 6, the projectile has passed the middle point of the last-stage (third-stage shown in the figure) coil, the outlet proximity switch is triggered, the ends a and b of the last-stage coil are respectively and simultaneously conducted with the negative pole and the positive pole of high-voltage direct current, the direction of the magnetic induction line is shown in the figure, the projectile still passes through the whole barrel in ferromagnetic material, the barrel is closed through an air medium outside the barrel, the magnetic induction line at the middle point of the last-stage coil is the densest in magnetic induction intensity, and the repulsion is generated to the projectile, so that the projectile leaves the outlet of the ferromagnetic barrel, the reverse suction force is not involved when the projectile leaves the outlet of the ferromagnetic barrel, the initial speed of the coil inlet of each stage is gradually increased, the projectile continuously accelerates and advances, and the synchronous system is actually triggered by the movement of the projectile to be simply controlled and executed. The permanent magnet in the cannonball also plays a role in providing quick closing of a magnetic circuit in practice, and the magnetic saturation of the cannonball is reduced.

5. The magnetic induction line is always selected to have the characteristics of minimum magnetic resistance, closed shortest path and most intensive magnetic induction lines in a coil in a region with minimum magnetic resistance, and the attractive and repulsive forces of a magnet are fully utilized to act on a shell provided with a permanent magnet, so that the advantages of a rail gun and a coil gun are integrated, and the defects of the rail gun and the coil gun are avoided. According to the theory of the electromagnet, the magnetic induction intensity can be greatly increased by inserting the ferromagnetic iron core into the solenoid and using a small excitation current, the electromagnetic gun can be flexibly applied to the design of a direct-current coil electromagnetic gun, and the megaampere current required by the rail gun is controlled to the megaampere current of the direct-current coil gun. The power of the motor can be designed according to different requirements like different power of the motor, the power control device can be widely applied to guns, rifles, light and heavy machine guns, armored vehicles and tanks, foundation or carrier-based heavy gun systems, the power can be controlled by a method for adjusting the power supply voltage, and the soundless, lightless and high concealment are really achieved.

It is known that electromagnetic cannons, whether of the orbital or coil type, face a problem: the electric energy needs to be converted into kinetic energy, the rail gun needs megaampere current, a coil gun synchronization system is too complex, and Lorentz force tells us that the initial speed needs to be improved, namely an electromagnetic rail is increased (the length of a gun barrel is increased), or the electromagnetic force is increased. The invention designs the whole length of the gun tube into a plurality of stages of coaxial electromagnets with constantly changing magnetic poles to attract and repel permanent magnet shells with constantly changing magnetic pole directions, and the shells are constantly accelerated to finally achieve the preset speed for launching. The acting force comes from two aspects, one is a permanent magnet in the shell, the other is a gun barrel electromagnet, and the gun barrel and an electromagnet iron core are used for increasing the electromagnetic force and reducing the required electric energy. The cannonball is made according to the specification of the cannon barrel, the permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron magnet with the maximum magnetic field intensity, and the specification of the permanent magnet determines the magnetic energy which can be provided by the permanent magnet and is basically a fixed value. How to improve the performance of the gun barrel electromagnet is considered from the following aspects.

Driven by electromotive force in the circuit, there is certainly a flow of electric charge in the circuit, and thus heat generation of the resistance is caused. In contrast, magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit exists with electric current, and for a constant current, no substance or energy flows in the magnetic conductor, so that no loss occurs in the magnetic conductor, and even in an alternating magnetic field, the loss of the magnetic conductor does not occur by the flow of magnetic flux, and the magnetic permeability in the magnetic circuit is a nonlinear parameter related to the magnetic flux density. The magnetomotive force acting on the magnetic circuit is equal to the product of the magnetic flux phi in the magnetic circuit and the magnetic resistance Rm, the magnetic resistance is the blocking effect when the magnetic flux passes through the magnetic circuit, rm represents that the magnetomotive force generated by the electrified coil is equal to the product of the number of turns N of the coil and the current I passing through the coil, the direct current magnet passes through the coil and is a direct current, the resistance of a lead wire blocking the direct current passing through is the resistance of the lead wire, the resistance of the lead wire is determined by the resistivity, the sectional area and the length of a wire, the temperature change has certain influence on the resistance, and the magnetomotive force is linearly related to the power supply voltage. The magnetomotive force is the integral of the magnetic field strength on the magnetic circuit, the magnitude of the reluctance in the magnetic circuit is proportional to the length L of the magnetic circuit, is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area S of the magnetic circuit, and is related to the material properties that make up the magnetic circuit, and is expressed by the formula Rm = L/(μ S), where μ is the magnetic permeability, which is a physical quantity that characterizes the magnetism of the magnetic medium, and represents the resistance of the magnetic flux generated or its ability to conduct magnetic lines of force in the magnetic field after a current flows through the coil in space or in the core space, which is not a constant value, but is also related to the degree of saturation of the magnetic moment in the magnetic medium, the more saturated the magnetic permeability is smaller, and the ferromagnetic properties change to paramagnetic properties when a certain temperature (curie point temperature) is reached.

Therefore, the gun barrel is made of industrial pure iron or similar materials with high magnetic conductivity and high Curie temperature point, the wall thickness is properly increased to reduce the magnetic resistance and match with the coils to increase the magnetic induction intensity, rifling can be manufactured in the gun barrel, a plurality of stages of coils can be determined according to the length of the gun barrel and the effective induction distance of the proximity switch triggered by the cannonball, the length of each stage of coil is the same, and the selected wire diameter and the number of turns are determined by power, which belongs to the general technology relative to technical personnel in the related fields of motor design and electromagnet design. The induction heads of the inlet, the interstage and the outlet proximity switches are arranged on the gun barrel at intervals according to the length of each stage of coil, the induction heads are sealed in an airtight mode, the induction heads are arranged in a straight line or in a spiral mode according to the rifling of the gun barrel, the induction heads are determined by experts in the related field, the industrial pure iron is high in magnetic conductivity, holes punched by the proximity switches are arranged on the wall of the barrel, magnetic shielding actually exists in the holes, and the magnetic induction lines almost completely deviate from pore channel air gaps and bypass the hole edges in the industrial pure iron.

The diameter of the shell is matched with the diameter of the bore of the gun tube, the length is designed according to the condition that the shell can axially rotate and stably rotate in the bore, the permanent magnet described according to the attached drawing is arranged in the middle of the shell, the length-diameter ratio of the permanent magnet reaches the attraction and repulsion force and can be suitably exerted to the maximum, experts in related industries can determine the length-diameter ratio through experimental data by means of experience rough estimation, and the problem of energy utilization rate is solved.

The loading-locking-firing of the cannonball is still reformed by using the existing gun principle, and regarding the power supply, the shipborne, foundation heavy cannon and armored car tank are carried by a direct current power supply which can provide required voltage and a low-voltage direct current power supply for a proximity switch according to the power application of an electromagnetic cannon, a battlefield cannon, a light and heavy machine gun and the like can be powered by a battlefield power supply rectifier or a mobile generator, and because the shooting range and the bullet quality are small, the required power is small, the power can be supplied by the mobile power supply and a direct current boosting module, and the prior art is not difficult to solve.

The magnetic effect of the current is utilized, the heat effect of the current is required to be simultaneously processed, the heating is in direct proportion to the square of the current, the resistance and the time according to the Joule law, the coil passes through direct current, the heating formula can be converted into the relation between the voltage and the resistance, and the direct current resistance of the coil is reduced to reduce the power supply voltage on the premise that the magnetic effect is utilized firstly. Each shell is only used for reversing current of each level of coil once, hysteresis and eddy heating of a gun tube are small, the shell is in the gun tube like a maglev train, friction heating is also small, heating is mainly carried out on the coil, the coil can be directly contacted with the gun tube, the gun tube can assist the coil in radiating, a light metal radiating fin with poor paramagnetic substance permeability and good radiating performance can be additionally arranged on the coil, natural ventilation, forced air cooling and refrigerant circulating refrigeration treatment are selected according to power, and the method belongs to general technologies.

The proximity switch is an existing mature product, data are formulated according to the required precision, manufacturing and improvement are not difficult, a shielding inductive proximity switch is preferred but not limited according to the switching frequency, a capacitance type proximity switch, a Hall type proximity switch, a photoelectric type proximity switch and the like can be selected according to the principle, the shell is matched according to the corresponding detection distance, and experts in the related field can improve according to the principle.

The intermediate relay also belongs to the existing mature product, the intermediate relay switch contacts corresponding to the inlet and outlet proximity switches are the same and are opposite to the joint wiring of the driving coils, a pair of contacts is added to the intermediate relay corresponding to the interstage proximity switch, the forward and reverse power supply of the adjacent driving coils is implemented according to the driving signals of the proximity switch, and the intermediate relay can be designed and produced according to the general technology.

Taking a rifle as an example to illustrate the specific implementation mode, the existing firearms are to push the bullet by the force generated by the chemical energy of the explosive powder in the shell, according to the Newton's second law formula, F = M A, the bullet mass M of the rifle with the specific specification and model is a fixed value, the force F generated by the chemical energy is also a fixed value, the initial velocity is zero, and the velocity of the tail end of the sub-ejection chamber, namely the velocity of the outlet is determined by the product of the acting time and the acceleration in the gun barrel. And then, the distance traveled by the bullet in the gun barrel is fixed by analyzing from a speed and acceleration formula, and the speed is increased when the time is shorter.

The coil gun rifle is characterized in that a cylindrical permanent magnet is wrapped into a whole by an aluminum alloy thin plate, the permanent magnet is centered, and two ends of the permanent magnet are lengthened to be slender and pointed to form bullets. The aluminum alloy is used for the reason that the material is light (the acceleration of an object with small mass under the same acting force is large), the aluminum alloy belongs to the paramagnetic metal material, and the proximity switch induction head can be triggered. The gun barrel is made of industrial pure iron, the wall thickness of a tube cavity thin tube is required according to power, a plurality of stages of coils can be arranged according to the length of a bullet, the gun barrel is provided with 1 drilled hole according to the number of stages of the coils to install an inlet, an inter-stage and an outlet proximity switch of the coils, electronic sealant is poured firstly, after the electronic sealant is hard and solid, the gun chamber is cleaned, rifling is manufactured, then the original drilled hole is drilled finely, the thickness of the electronic sealant is reserved as the detection distance of the proximity switch, the proximity switch is installed, LC oscillating coils in the induction head can be protected by a metal shielding cover and then are led out by a wire arranging plate to be filled with the sealant again, the bullet motion in the gun barrel is only allowed to be detected by the front side of the induction head to trigger the work, and the amplifying circuit chip can be installed on a power supply system part. Because the bullet is like magnetic suspension motion in the barrel, the friction heat production is very little, and the coil can directly wind outside the barrel, and the barrel helps the coil heat dissipation. The available lithium electricity of power adds the module power supply that steps up, still available stand-by power supply both shoulders knapsack is with the wire connection behind one's body, and prior art can solve completely. The designed rifle has no sound and fire, the bullet is discharged from the chamber at a high initial speed, and the shooting range is farther.

Similarly, a pistol, a light and heavy machine gun, a cannon, a tank armored car cannon, a foundation and a carrier-borne long-range electromagnetic cannon can be manufactured according to the concept, the coil power is different, the needed direct current electric energy source is different, the magnetic flux provided by the coil cannot cause the magnetic saturation of a cannon pipe, the heat dissipation problem of the coil is as described above, a light metal cooling fin with poor paramagnetic property and magnetic conductivity and good heat dissipation performance can be added outside the coil, natural ventilation, forced air cooling and refrigerant circulating refrigeration processing are selected according to the power, the method belongs to the general technology, and relevant technical experts can completely understand and adjust according to actual conditions. The split shell design on the right side of the figure 2 is selected, so that the far range can be achieved, and the performance of the track gun can be achieved and surpassed by the coil gun design without megaampere current, track and gun tube burning defects.

For decades, the electromagnetic gun is developed in various countries, mainly because the electromagnetic gun can break through the speed limit of the outlet of the shell of the artillery gun and reach a longer range. Before explaining a specific implementation method of the invention for the ship-based gun coil gun which can reach or exceed the range of the existing orbit gun, the principle of the orbit gun is simply analyzed. The rail gun principle is very simple, namely the physics of our junior middle school learns, the energized conductor is forced to move in the magnetic field, F = BIL, the schematic diagram of the classic principle on our textbook, the magnetic induction intensity B is provided by a hoof type permanent magnet, the current I is supplied by the electric energy of a storage battery, the length L of the conductor is the effective length vertical to the direction of the magnetic induction line in the uniform magnetic field, and the forced direction is judged by the left-hand rule. The rail gun needs to generate force F for propelling the cannonball, the length L of the conductor is limited by the diameter of the gun barrel and cannot be increased, only the magnetic induction intensity B and the current I are written, the magnetic field is generated by the current magnetic effect of two rails by electrifying the slide block conductors, and the magnetic conductive medium is air. According to the current magnetic effect, a magnetic field exists around the electrified conductor, a ring-shaped magnetic field exists around the conductor of a single electrified conductor, the direction of the magnetic induction line can be judged by using the right-hand rule, and when the electrified currents of the two parallel conductors are opposite, the directions of the magnetic induction lines formed by the two conductors are consistent. If the conductor is wound into a solenoid, the magnetic field intensity is increased, the magnetic field intensity is obviously enhanced by adding the ferromagnetic substance, and the magnetic induction intensity B is proportional to the magnetic potential and is also related to the magnetic permeability of the magnetizer and the cross section and the length of the magnetic circuit. The unit of magnetic potential is ampere turn, and because the stressed conductor L slides on the electrified guide rail, only a single-turn coil, namely two parallel conductors with opposite electrified currents, can be conducted through the sliding block L and are magnetically conductedThe body is air, the relative magnetic conductivity is 1, the magnetic potential energy provided by electric energy is extremely low in the utilized magnetic induction intensity, the purpose can be achieved only by increasing the current I, and the megaampere current needs to be achieved. The invention is to control the megaampere current to be below the hundred-ampere current to reach and exceed the performance of the rail gun, because the power required by power supply is reduced, the scale of the equipped carrier-based power station is much smaller, the electromagnetic gun can be equipped on a common small-sized warship, the problem of rail burning does not exist in the same reason, and the service life of the gun barrel is prolonged. How can it be reached? Looking at the basic principle of the dc linear motor, a magnetic circuit is provided by a permanent magnet, a guide rail is made of a ferromagnetic material, and is a part of the magnetic circuit, a uniform magnetic field is formed in the guide rail, a coil is N turns and can slide back and forth on the guide rail, the moving direction of the guide rail is determined by the direction of electrified current, the ampere force applied to the guide rail still adopts the formula F = BIL, B is magnetic induction intensity, I is the current intensity in a conductor, and L is the length of the conductor in the magnetic field, because the conductor is a multi-turn coil, the whole coil is: i' = nI, n is the number of coil turns, then: f = BI' L = B (nI) L, as long as the electromagnetic force applied to the coil is larger than the static friction resistance existing on the coil support, the coil can be made to move linearly, and the current commutation can be made to move back and forth. The invention uses the coil to wind the gun barrel, the gun barrel is used as the electromagnet iron core, the relative magnetic conductivity of the industrial pure iron is 7000 to 10000, the magnetic induction intensity B is improved by the ferromagnetic property of the industrial pure iron, the coil is wound outside the gun barrel, the length L of the conductor is increased, the required magnetic induction intensity can be reached when the exciting current in the coil is reduced to below the hundred ampere level when the force with the same magnitude as the force of the rail gun is obtained. The coil is fixed and moves by the cannonball with the unchanged magnetic pole direction, the coil is electrified and reversed and controlled by the proximity switch, the only easily-damaged part is the contact of the intermediate relay, and compared with the replacement of the cannon barrel, the cost and the working hour for replacing the intermediate relay are almost negligible. Even for hundreds of amperes of current, joule's law Q = I due to thermal effects of the current ² Rt, although t and R are both very small, the curie temperature can not be reached by the natural heat dissipation gun barrel heating, the magnetic conductivity of the gun barrel is not influenced, but the function can not be normally exerted due to the influence of the temperature on the proximity switch, and the proximity switch can be milled in the long axis direction of the outer wall of the gun barrelThe groove is embedded with a red copper pipe, and the aluminum serial fin radiating fins outside the coil are forced to radiate heat through the refrigerant for the red copper pipe, which is a general technology, wherein copper and aluminum are paramagnetic substances and are good thermal conductors, so that the radiating is facilitated, but a magnetic circuit is not influenced, and the special experts in the industry can improve the radiating device according to actual conditions.

The coil cannon invented by the principle and the method achieves and exceeds the performance and the application of the currently developed rail cannon, and the required electric energy is greatly reduced, so that the requirement on a carrier power station is reduced, the coil cannon can be suitable for being equipped on all warships, is also suitable for being mounted on a foundation and a vehicle, and replaces most of firearms.

Similarly, the electromagnetic gun designed according to the concept is only limited to be used in war, because the launching device does not need initiating explosive devices, the shell can be filled with fire extinguishing agents for long-distance fire extinguishing, and even can be applied to the fields of space launching, electromagnetic ejection and the like.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a direct current coil big gun suitable for all kinds of firearms which characterized in that: the gun barrel can be designed with rifling, multi-stage direct current drive coils are coaxially arranged outside the gun barrel directly, proximity switch induction heads are arranged in the gun barrel before, between and after the drive coil stages, air seal is blocked, the number of holes is equal to the number of the coil stages plus one, the flying position of a cannonball in the gun barrel passes through the proximity switch, the proximity switch senses and feeds back to automatically control reversing of the coils at all stages for power supply and power failure, the gun barrel is designed as a direct current electromagnet with coaxially and constantly changing magnetic pole polarity, a cannonball with a permanent magnet is arranged without changing the direction of a suction magnetic pole, power supply comes from a high-voltage direct current power supply, the input power can be adjusted by adjusting the power supply voltage, as the direct current coil is wound on an industrial pure iron gun barrel with very high magnetic conductivity, the excitation current in the coil is reduced to below a hundred ampere level, the required magnetic induction intensity can be reached, the performance of the existing track gun is reached and exceeded, the side effect of the track is avoided, the electric energy requirement on the burning carrier is reduced, the gun can be configured on a foundation and ships with various levels, tanks and tank-mounted on the armored cars, the gun can be really designed according to increase the firing power of guns, the cannonball firing weapon as well as a cannon, the cannon can also can be used as a cannon, the cannon can be filled with high-speed kinetic energy without the cannon without moving speed and the cannon.

2. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: the specification of the shell is according to matching the gun, the paramagnetic metal wraps the permanent magnet, both ends can be solid or hollow, the hollow can also be filled with explosive, and can be designed into a split type, the paramagnetic metal wrapped permanent magnet is used as a propeller and a bullet support of the shell, the shell can be designed into a tail fin, the explosive can also be filled in the shell, and the shell is separated from the bullet support after being taken out of a chamber to continue stable flight.

3. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: the gun barrel is preferably but not limited to industrial pure iron, the characteristic of high magnetic permeability of the gun barrel is utilized, the gun barrel serves as an iron core of a direct current electromagnet, stronger magnetic induction intensity can be generated under the same magnetic potential, namely, the attraction force is stronger, the polarity of a magnetic pole is changed through reversing of coil current to act on a permanent magnet cannonball with the unchanged magnetic pole polarity, and the cannonball is continuously attracted to advance in an accelerating mode.

4. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: the gun barrel is preferably but not limited to industrial pure iron, a hole cavity for installing the induction head of the proximity switch is drilled to form a natural magnetic shielding space by utilizing the characteristic of high magnetic permeability of the gun barrel, the normal performance of the proximity switch is not influenced, the gun barrel is used as a direct-current electromagnet core by utilizing the characteristic of high Curie temperature of the gun barrel, the heat dissipation of a coil part can be assisted, and the thickness of the barrel wall is used as an important parameter of magnetic saturation to design the coil power so as to design electromagnetic guns with different action types.

5. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: the design method is characterized in that a first-choice but not limited to a direct current shielding type inductive proximity switch with high switching frequency can also be a capacitive type, a Hall type, a photoelectric type and the like, the switching frequency is determined according to the functional requirements, and the shape of the cannonball and the length of the driving coil are adjusted according to the design concept and the switching type.

6. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: when the cannonball advances, the proximity switches at all levels are triggered to work, and an intermediate relay signal is given to execute an instruction, so that the synchronization system is simple and accurate.

7. The dc coil cannon suitable for various types of firearms according to claim 1, further characterized in that: the explosive does not need to provide kinetic energy by explosive, and the electrified sliding guide rail does not ionize and burn the flame, thereby prolonging the service life of the gun barrel and really achieving silence, no light and strong concealment.

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