CN115896560B - High-performance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 greasy dirt Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.52 to 0.58 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Ti and 0.000 to 0.2000 percent of Fe, and the amount of the alloy consists of Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in design, firstly narrows the range interval of the element Mg in the range of the components required by the national standard, and on the basis, establishes corresponding smelting processes including smelting temperature, components, refining process and the like, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy material has a high-performance chemical basis; on the basis, a reasonable solution aging treatment process is arranged, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties is obtained, and the requirements of the aerospace field on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of structural lightening is increasingly promoted by energy crisis and environmental pollution, and the application of aluminum alloy to replace steel materials in various structural products has become a great trend. The development of modern science and technology puts higher and higher requirements on material performance, in particular to the manufacturing of aircrafts, satellites and the like with portability, flexibility and excellent performance in the aerospace field, and the aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof can just meet the requirements in the aspect. With the expansion of the application range of the aluminum alloy, the mechanical property and the processing property of the aluminum alloy are also more required.
At present, most researchers mainly start to improve the performance of aluminum alloys by optimizing the solid solution aging process, in the aluminum alloys, as the whole solid solution aging process has different types and different sizes of precipitates to be separated out, different reactions are generated on dislocation, generally dislocation passes through a larger-size precipitate and is a dislocation bypass mechanism, and the alloy has different strengthening performances due to the difference of a strengthening mechanism, so that the types, the sizes and the distribution of the precipitates have important influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy.
The ZL114A aluminum alloy is a variety developed by increasing the content of alloy element magnesium on the basis of ZL101A, and has excellent casting performance. The corrosion resistance and other technological properties of the alloy are similar to those of ZL 101. The existing ZL114A aluminum alloy has the problem that the mechanical property is not ideal enough, and the requirement of the aerospace field on the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is difficult to meet.
Therefore, how to develop a new high-performance ZL114A aluminum alloy material, which meets the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material in the aerospace field, has become a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, in the high-performance aluminum alloy material, the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, in the high-performance aluminum alloy material, the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530-540 ℃ within 1-3 h, then preserving heat for 10-14 h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water cooling quenching on the aluminum alloy after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy to 118-122 ℃ within 0.2-0.5 h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy to 158-162 ℃ within 0.4-0.8 h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Further, in the step 1), the batching and smelting process of the aluminum alloy cast ingot comprises the following steps:
1) Setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid: the aluminum liquid of the crucible furnace is set at 760 ℃, and the temperature of furnace gas is controlled at a corresponding temperature;
2) Adding silicon, when the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, starting to add crystalline silicon, immediately stirring after adding the crystalline silicon, and stirring until the alloy is completely covered by the aluminum liquid, wherein the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and stirring once every 10-15 min in the melting time;
6) Adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, pressing a magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a preheated bell jar, and prohibiting the bell jar from leaving the liquid surface during the melting of the magnesium block;
7) Adding titanium agent: adding a titanium agent when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, fully reacting the titanium agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and fully stirring the aluminum liquid after 30min, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled at 760 ℃;
8) Alloy melting: maintaining at 760 ℃ for 30-40 min until all the alloy elements are melted;
9) Primary degassing: firstly, opening a gas flow valve, reducing the flow at the moment, and adjusting the flow to a proper flow after the equipment automatically operates; degassing parameter setting: the distance between the rotor and the bottom of the crucible is 100-150 mm; the degassing gas is liquid argon, or argon degassing parameters on two sides of degassing are set: the time is 40min, and the flow is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotation speed at 400r/min and the air outlet pressure at 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
10 Adding a slag removing agent: after the deaerator is started for 1-2 min, uniformly scattering G5550 granular slag remover on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
11 After degassing: after 40min, after the deaeration is finished and the warning lamp is turned on, the slag on the rotor is cleaned, the deaerator is removed, and then the gas valve is closed;
12 Deslagging: slightly stirring the preheated slag removing tool on the surface of the aluminum liquid, then concentrating the aluminum slag together, and removing the slag by using the slag removing tool;
13 Secondary degassing: parameter setting: the time is 20min, the flow is 1.2-1.5 m3// h, the rotating speed is set to 400r/min, and the air outlet pressure is 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
14 Adding modifier and refiner: immediately pouring preheated aluminum strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy into aluminum liquid after degassing and starting;
15 Adding a slag removing agent: starting the deaerator for 1-2 min, and uniformly scattering 200G of G5550 granular slag remover on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
16 Stirring and slag removing: slightly stirring the preheated slag removing tool on the surface of the aluminum liquid, then concentrating the aluminum slag together, and removing the slag by using the slag removing tool;
17 Sample chemistry analysis: if the chemical components are unqualified, the element adding method is the same as that of the chemical components, and then degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature is increased to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, and then the solution treatment is carried out after heat preservation for 10-14 h.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature is increased to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2 hours, and then the heat is preserved for 12 hours, so that the solid solution treatment is carried out.
Further, in the step 2), water-cooling quenching is performed by using room temperature water of 50-60 ℃ for 15min.
Further, in the step 3), the quenched aluminum alloy is heated to 120 ℃ in a constant speed of 0.2-0.5 h, and is subjected to primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; and after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
In step 4), the temperature of the aluminum alloy after air cooling is increased to 160 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and the second aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 4.5h.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in design, and firstly, the range interval of the element Mg is narrowed through parameter matching within the range of the components required by the national standard, and the content of the element Mg is limited within the range of 0.52-0.58% from the range of 0.45-0.75%; on the basis, corresponding smelting processes including smelting temperature, components, refining process and the like are formulated, so that the high-performance chemical foundation is provided. On the basis, a reasonable solution aging treatment process is arranged, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties (the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 6%) is obtained, and the requirements of the aerospace field on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material are met.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530-540 ℃ within 1-3 h, then preserving heat for 10-14 h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 50-60 ℃ on the aluminum alloy cast ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy cast ingot to 118-122 ℃ within 0.2-0.5 h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature; before the ageing treatment is carried out, the furnace temperature is confirmed to be lower than or equal to 100 ℃, and after the ageing time reaches the set time, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is immediately lifted out, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is forbidden to stay in the ageing furnace.
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot after air cooling to 158-162 ℃ within 0.4-0.8 h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature. Before the ageing treatment is carried out, the furnace temperature is confirmed to be lower than or equal to 100 ℃, and after the ageing time reaches the set time, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is immediately lifted out, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is forbidden to stay in the ageing furnace.
Wherein, the specific ingredients and smelting process of the aluminum alloy cast ingot as the object to be subjected to the solution aging treatment are as follows:
1) And (3) calculating the burden proportion: the proportion of the aluminum ingot is 100%, the silicon block crystalline silicon is less than or equal to 30X 30mm, the weight is less than or equal to 30g, and the silicon powder is discarded; b. recording the weight of the ingredients in an ingredient bill and recording the number; c. the materials are used for drying water and then are reused; d. the ingredients are calculated according to the mass percentage of the chemical components.
2) Weighing alloy materials: a. calculating the weight of the aluminum ingot according to each weight; b, weighing the recycled material by using an electronic pound; weighing crystalline silicon, magnesium ingot, titanium agent, aluminum strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy by an electronic scale; c. a tolerance range of 0.5% by weight is allowed.
3) And (5) checking equipment: a. whether the crucible is damaged or not, and the crucible is immediately replaced when the crucible is damaged; b. whether the ammeter data are normal or not; c. whether the thermocouple and the protection tube are normal or not; d. whether the deaerator works normally; e. the diameter of the rotor is less than 180mm, and the slag baffle is seriously and immediately replaced.
4) Setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid: the aluminum liquid of the crucible furnace is set at 760 ℃, and the temperature of furnace gas is controlled at a corresponding temperature. And (3) feeding materials into the crucible, feeding recycled materials, cleaning, removing iron, sand, greasy dirt, aluminum cutting and the like, strictly preventing the materials from being melted, and feeding aluminum ingots. Safety measures are as follows: the recycled materials are lightly put into the crucible, the crucible is easily broken due to overlarge impact, the recycled materials with moisture are dried and then put into the crucible, and the aluminum liquid in the crucible can be splashed by the moisture to hurt people. Before the aluminum ingot is added, the aluminum ingot is ensured to have no moisture, the aluminum ingot is put into a crucible furnace to slightly enter, and the large impact crucible is easy to break, so that the aluminum liquid overflows. The molten aluminum is instantaneously expanded to 6000 times of volume after a molten aluminum ball meets 700 ℃ temperature, so that the molten aluminum explodes, and the molten aluminum ball is cut and recorded and dried before the recycled material is fed, so that no moisture is ensured. The tool contacting the aluminum liquid is sufficiently dried to allow use.
5) When the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, the crystalline silicon is added, and the mixture is stirred immediately after the crystalline silicon is added, so that the alloy is completely wrapped by the aluminum liquid, the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and the mixture is stirred once every 10-15 min in the melting time, thereby achieving the aim of homogenizing the aluminum liquid alloy.
6) Adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, the preheated bell jar is used for pressing the magnesium block into the aluminum liquid to melt for about 10 minutes, and the bell jar is forbidden to leave the liquid level during the melting of the magnesium block.
7) Adding titanium agent: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, adding a titanium agent, fully reacting (not moving) the titanium agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and fully stirring after 30min, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled at 760 ℃.
8) Alloy melting: the temperature is maintained at 760 ℃ for 30-40 min, and the alloy elements are completely melted.
9) Preparation before degassing: pushing the degassing machine to the front end of the crucible, and pushing the degassing rotor to the center of the crucible for standby use to push the degassing machine to the center of the crucible, wherein attention is paid to whether an obstacle exists in front of the rotor and whether the height of the rotor needs to be adjusted or not, and whether interference exists between the baffle and the edge of the crucible when the baffle falls is confirmed.
10 Degassing parameter settings: the distance between the rotor and the bottom of the crucible is 100-150 mm, preferably 120 mm. The degassing gas is liquid argon or argon on two sides of degassing; the first time: the time is 40min, and the flow is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotation speed at 400r/min and the air outlet pressure at 0.03-0.07 Mpa.
11 Primary degassing: firstly, the gas flow valve is opened, the flow is reduced at the moment, and the device is automatically operated and then is adjusted to a proper flow.
12 Adding a slag removing agent: 200G of G5550 granular slag remover is uniformly scattered on the surface of aluminum liquid after the degassing machine is started for 1-2 min.
13 After degassing: after 40min, the warning lamp is turned on after the degassing is finished, the degassing machine is removed after the slag on the rotor is cleaned, and then the gas valve is closed, if the gas source is closed in advance, the rotor hole is blocked by aluminum easily.
14 Deslagging: after the preheated slag scooping tool is slightly stirred on the surface of the aluminum liquid, the aluminum slag is concentrated together, and the slag is fished out by the slag scooping tool.
15 Secondary degassing: parameter setting: the time is 20min, and the flow is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotation speed at 400r/min and the air outlet pressure at 0.03-0.07 Mpa.
16 Adding modifier and refiner: and immediately after degassing and starting, throwing the preheated aluminum-strontium alloy and the TCB seed crystal alloy into aluminum liquid.
17 Adding a slag removing agent: 200G of G5550 granular slag remover is uniformly scattered on the surface of aluminum liquid after the degassing machine is started for 1-2 min.
18 Stirring and slag removing: after the preheated slag scooping tool is slightly stirred on the surface of the aluminum liquid, the aluminum slag is concentrated together, and the slag is fished out by the slag scooping tool.
19 Sample chemistry analysis: if the chemical components are unqualified, the method of adding elements is adjusted according to the method of adjusting unqualified aluminum liquid, and then degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
20 Record sample block number: the oil pen is used for writing clearly and accurately on the sample according to the serial number of the batching list.
21 Pinhole density experiments: and standing the aluminum liquid for 10min. And (5) operating according to a pinhole density experimental rule, and judging that more than grade 2 of the standard is qualified. Density judgment standard (more than or equal to 2.63 g/cm) 3 Qualifying).
Related embodiments of the invention are as follows:
example 1
The chemical compositions of the high-performance aluminum alloy materials are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, heating to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2 hours, and then preserving heat for 12 hours to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 160 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 1.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530 ℃ within 2.5h, then preserving heat for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 158 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 1.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 540 ℃ within 2.5h, and then preserving heat for 12h to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 162 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
The chemical compositions of the high-performance aluminum alloy materials are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, heating to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2 hours, and then preserving heat for 12 hours to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 160 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 5
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 2.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530 ℃ within 2.5h, then preserving heat for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 158 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 6
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 2.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 540 ℃ within 2.5h, and then preserving heat for 12h to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 162 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 7
The chemical compositions of the high-performance aluminum alloy materials are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, heating to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2 hours, and then preserving heat for 12 hours to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 160 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 8
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 7.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530 ℃ within 2.5h, then preserving heat for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 158 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 9
This example provides a high performance aluminum alloy material having the chemical composition of example 7.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 540 ℃ within 2.5h, and then preserving heat for 12h to carry out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the air-cooled aluminum alloy ingot to 162 ℃ within 0.5h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
The aluminum alloy materials of examples 1 to 9 after solution aging treatment were subjected to performance test according to GB/T15115-2016, and the test results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The high-performance aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
Si 6.5～7.5%
Mg 0.52～0.58%
Ti 0.10～0.20%
Fe 0.000～0.2000 %
the balance is composed of Al and unavoidable impurities;
the preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a solution furnace, uniformly heating to 530-540 ℃ within 1-3 h, then preserving heat for 10-14 h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water cooling quenching on the aluminum alloy cast ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) And (3) performing primary aging treatment: uniformly heating the quenched aluminum alloy cast ingot to 118-122 ℃ within 0.2-0.5 h, and performing primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time-efficiency treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) performing secondary aging treatment: uniformly heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot after air cooling to 158-162 ℃ within 0.4-0.8 h, and performing secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
wherein, the batching and smelting process of the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
1-1) aluminum liquid temperature setting: the aluminum liquid of the crucible furnace is set at 760 ℃, and the temperature of furnace gas is controlled at a corresponding temperature;
1-2) adding silicon, when the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, starting to add crystalline silicon, immediately stirring after adding the crystalline silicon, and stirring until the alloy is completely covered by the aluminum liquid, wherein the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and stirring once every 10-15 min in the melting time;
1-3) adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, pressing a magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a preheated bell jar, and prohibiting the bell jar from leaving the liquid surface during the melting of the magnesium block;
1-4) adding titanium agent: adding a titanium agent when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, fully reacting the titanium agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and fully stirring the aluminum liquid after 30min, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled at 760 ℃;
1-5) alloy melting: maintaining at 760 ℃ for 30-40 min until all the alloy elements are melted;
1-6) one degassing: firstly, opening a gas flow valve, reducing the flow at the moment, and adjusting the flow to a proper flow after the equipment automatically operates; degassing parameter setting: the distance between the rotor and the bottom of the crucible is 100-150 mm; the degassing gas is liquid argon, or argon degassing parameters on two sides of degassing are set: the time is 40min, and the flow is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotating speed to 400r/min and the air outlet pressure to 0.03-0.07 MPa;
1-7) adding a slag removing agent: after the deaerator is started for 1-2 min, uniformly scattering G5550 granular slag remover on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
1-8) degassing: after 40min, after the deaeration is finished and the warning lamp is turned on, the slag on the rotor is cleaned, the deaerator is removed, and then the gas valve is closed;
1-9) deslagging: slightly stirring the preheated slag removing tool on the surface of the aluminum liquid, then concentrating the aluminum slag together, and removing the slag by using the slag removing tool;
1-10) secondary degassing: parameter setting: the time is 20min, and the flow is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotating speed to 400r/min and the air outlet pressure to 0.03-0.07 MPa;
1-11) adding modifier and refiner: immediately pouring preheated aluminum strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy into aluminum liquid after degassing and starting;
1-12) adding a slag removing agent: starting the deaerator for 1-2 min, and uniformly scattering 200G of G5550 granular slag remover on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
1-13) stirring and skimming: slightly stirring the preheated slag removing tool on the surface of the aluminum liquid, then concentrating the aluminum slag together, and removing the slag by using the slag removing tool;
1-14) analysis of the chemical composition of the sample: if the chemical components are unqualified, the element adding method is the same as that of the chemical components, and then degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
2. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
Si 6.5～7.5%
Mg 0.53%
Ti 0.10～0.20%
Fe 0.000～0.2000 %
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, wherein the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
Si 6.89%
Mg 0.53%
Ti 0.128%
Fe 0.0500～0.1000%
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
4. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the temperature is raised to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, and then the solution treatment is performed after 10-14 h of heat preservation.
5. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the temperature is raised to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2 hours, and then the solution treatment is performed after 12 hours of heat preservation.
6. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), water-cooling quenching is performed using room temperature water of 50 to 60 ℃ for 15 minutes.
7. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the quenched aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 120 ℃ in a constant speed of 0.2-0.5 h, and is subjected to primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; and after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
8. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling is uniformly heated to 160 ℃ within 0.4-0.8 h, and the second aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 4.5h.
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