CN115876664B - Visual experimental equipment and method for simulating migration rule of propping agent in fracture - Google Patents
Visual experimental equipment and method for simulating migration rule of propping agent in fractureInfo
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- CN115876664B CN115876664B CN202211607332.7A CN202211607332A CN115876664B CN 115876664 B CN115876664 B CN 115876664B CN 202211607332 A CN202211607332 A CN 202211607332A CN 115876664 B CN115876664 B CN 115876664B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于模拟裂缝内支撑剂运移规律的可视化实验设备及方法，属于岩心劈裂试验设备技术领域，设备包括黑箱及其内的主体反应系统和施压机构，主体反应系统包括透明模拟组件及光源，模拟组件的两块模拟板粗糙面采用3D打印而成：在黑箱中利用激光测距仪对具有不同高度台阶的标定板激光测距并制定图版；对劈裂后的岩芯表面进行喷反光漆处理，置于黑箱中发射激光，收集岩石表面反射回的激光数据，将岩心表面数字化；施压机构设于模拟组件顶部，模拟组件的裂缝内填充液体来模拟压裂后的裂缝；通过图像采集设备来监控支撑剂在裂缝内的运移过程，得到准确的粒度大小和分布及分布形态，在可视化的基础上分析裂缝粗糙性能对支撑剂运动的影响。
This invention discloses a visualization experimental device and method for simulating proppant migration within fractures, belonging to the technical field of core splitting test equipment. The device includes a black box and its main reaction system and pressure application mechanism. The main reaction system includes a transparent simulation component and a light source. The rough surfaces of the two simulation plates of the simulation component are 3D printed. In the black box, a laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance of calibration plates with different height steps and create a map. The surface of the split core is sprayed with reflective paint, placed in the black box, and lasers are emitted to collect the laser data reflected back from the rock surface, thus digitizing the core surface. The pressure application mechanism is located at the top of the simulation component, and the fractures in the simulation component are filled with liquid to simulate the fractures after pressure fracturing. The proppant migration process within the fracture is monitored using an image acquisition device to obtain accurate particle size, distribution, and distribution morphology. Based on visualization, the influence of fracture roughness on proppant movement is analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of core fracture test equipment, and particularly relates to visual test equipment and method for simulating a proppant migration rule in a fracture.
Background
In recent years, unconventional oil and gas exploration and development has made a series of major breakthroughs. Hydraulic fracturing technology is an important means for unconventional oil and gas development, and the main purpose of the hydraulic fracturing technology is to effectively improve the flow capacity of underground oil and gas. Hydraulic fracturing is to use a high-pressure pump set on the ground, and by injecting a fracturing fluid with higher viscosity into the stratum, when the injection speed of the fracturing fluid exceeds the absorption speed of the stratum, higher pressure is formed in the stratum. When the pressure exceeds the fracture pressure of the formation, the formation is forced apart. And then, injecting sand-carrying fluid containing propping agent into the stratum, so that the propping agent is left in the pressed-open cracks to support the cracks, and the cracks are kept in an open state to form the cracks with high diversion capacity. Therefore, after the hydraulic fracturing is carried out to form the crack, the propping agent is required to be filled to prop up the crack, so that the crack is prevented from being automatically closed after the fracturing is finished, and the fracturing effect is poor.
The rough wall surface, the complex shape and the large length of the cracks formed by fracturing cause certain difficulty for the migration of the propping agent in the cracks, so that the migration state of the propping agent in the cracks is a factor influencing the success or failure of the fracturing, and the final oil and gas yield increasing effect is determined to a great extent. Therefore, accurate detection of the laying position and migration rule of the propping agent in the fracture is important to unconventional oil gas development, the migration rule is worth exploring, most of research equipment in the aspect is invisible at present, and a visualization device and a simulation method for researching the distribution rule of the propping agent along with time under the accurate fracture specification are required to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide visual experimental equipment and a visual experimental method for simulating the migration rule of propping agents in a crack, and aims to solve the technical problem that no visual device for specially researching the distribution and migration rule of propping agents in the crack along with time exists in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The visual experimental equipment for simulating the migration rule of the propping agent in the fracture comprises a black box, a main body reaction system and a pressing mechanism, wherein the main body reaction system comprises a transparent simulation component with the fracture arranged therein and a bottom light source thereof, and the pressing mechanism is arranged at the top of the simulation component and is used for applying pressure to the simulation component;
The device also comprises a laser emitter and image acquisition equipment which are arranged in the black box and used for monitoring the migration process of the propping agent in the crack.
Preferably, the simulation assembly comprises two rectangular simulation plates made of transparent materials, the opposite side surfaces of the two simulation plates are rough surfaces and are used for simulating the splitting surfaces of the cores, and the rough surfaces of the simulation plates are engraved on the surfaces of the transparent materials by adopting a 3D printing technology.
Preferably, a base is arranged at the bottom of the simulation assembly, a light source is arranged in the base, and the light source is arranged below the simulation assembly and used for irradiating cracks in the simulation assembly.
Preferably, the top of the base is provided with a rectangular mounting groove matched with the simulation assembly, the two simulation plates are arranged up and down in parallel, the peripheral edges of the two simulation plates are in sealing fit with the inner wall of the mounting groove through a sealing piece, and the sealing piece is provided with a channel communicated with the conveying assembly.
Preferably, a plurality of grooves are formed in the bottom surface of the mounting groove of the base, and bulbs are arranged in the grooves and used for illuminating cracks in the simulation assembly.
Preferably, the conveying assembly comprises a liquid storage barrel, a conveying pump and a liquid storage box capable of adjusting temperature, the liquid storage box is respectively communicated with the internal cracks of the simulation assembly through a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid storage barrel through a liquid outlet pipe, the conveying pump is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe, an electric control valve, a pressure gauge and a check valve are further arranged on the liquid inlet pipe between the conveying pump and the simulation assembly, and the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe respectively penetrate through the side wall of the black box and the side wall of a mounting groove of the base and are connected with a channel on the sealing element.
Preferably, a temperature controller is arranged in the liquid storage tank and used for adjusting the temperature of liquid in the liquid storage tank.
Preferably, the pressing mechanism comprises a plurality of pressing claws and pressing devices at the tops of the pressing claws, the plurality of pressing claws are arranged on the connecting seat in a diffusion mode, the lower ends of the pressing claws can be abutted to the tops of the simulation assemblies, the connecting seat is connected with the pressing devices, and the image acquisition equipment is arranged at the bottoms of the connecting seat.
Preferably, the two sides of the base are provided with supporting columns, the two supporting columns are respectively connected with the two side surfaces of the base in a rotating way through connecting rods, and the crack in the simulation assembly is adjusted to be in a horizontal state or a vertical state through rotating the base.
Preferably, the two sides of the base are provided with buckles for fixing the relative positions of the connecting rod and the base.
The invention also provides a visual experimental method for simulating the migration rule of the propping agent in the crack, which adopts the experimental equipment to carry out experiments and comprises the following steps:
in a black box, a laser range finder is used for emitting laser to calibration plates with steps at different heights, laser parameters corresponding to the different heights are determined, and a drawing board is formulated;
Spraying reflective paint on the rough surface of a simulation board forming a simulation assembly, placing the simulation board in a black box, emitting laser to the surface of a split rock core, collecting laser data reflected back from the surface of the rock core, and digitizing the split surface of the rock core;
carving the surface of the simulation board made of the transparent material by using a 3D printing technology, and re-carving the convexity and concavity of the splitting surface of the rock core for simulating the splitting surface of the rock core;
The main reaction system and the pressing mechanism are placed in a black box, cracks in the simulation assembly are scanned through a laser emitter in the black box, and the migration process of liquid simulating propping agent in the cracks in the simulation assembly in the whole experimental process is monitored.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that laser rangefinder is arranged in a black box to emit laser to calibration plates with different steps at different heights, laser parameters corresponding to different heights are determined, a drawing plate is made, the split rock core surface is subjected to spray-light-reflecting paint treatment, then the split rock core surface is placed in the black box, laser is emitted again, laser data reflected by the rock surface are collected, the rock core is digitized, the split rock core surface is repeatedly etched by using transparent materials and a 3D printing technology, the migration process of propping agents in the whole experimental process is monitored by the laser scanning technology, accurate granularity and distribution and final distribution form are obtained, and the influence of crack roughness performance on propping agent movement is analyzed on the basis of visualization.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual experimental device for simulating the migration rule of propping agents in a crack, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main reaction system in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the bulk reaction system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the base of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the seal of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the seal of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the installation of the pressure jaw of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a calibration plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a marking plate in an embodiment of the invention;
In the figure, 1-supporting columns, 2-bases, 3-pressure claws, 4-simulation components, 40-simulation boards, 5-sealing pieces, 6-liquid storage cylinders, 7-check valves, 8-pressure gauges, 9-electric control valves, 10-conveying pumps, 11-liquid storage tanks, 12-black tanks, 13-calibration boards, 14-cracks, 15-mounting grooves, 16-channels, 17-grooves, 18-connecting seats, 19-connecting rods, 20-through holes and 21-steps.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in detail. However, for the part not described in detail, the present invention is also fully understood by those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of illustrating the objects, features, and advantages of the invention and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Meanwhile, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense rather than an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to".
Referring to fig. 1, the visual experimental equipment for simulating the migration rule of propping agent in a fracture provided by the invention comprises a black box 12, a main body reaction system and a pressing mechanism, wherein the main body reaction system comprises a transparent simulation component 4 with a fracture 14 arranged therein and a bottom light source thereof, and the pressing mechanism is arranged at the top of the simulation component 4 and is used for applying pressure to the simulation component 4;
And further comprises a laser emitter and an image acquisition device which are arranged at the inner top of the black box 12, wherein the crack of the simulation assembly is scanned by laser, and the migration process of the propping agent in the crack is monitored by the image acquisition device. The laser transmitter can be matched with a laser particle analyzer in the experimental process to obtain the accurate particle size and distribution and the final distribution form of the propping agent. By adopting the scheme, the problem that the influence of the crack roughness performance on the movement of the propping agent cannot be analyzed due to the fact that the movement characteristics of the propping agent in the crack (extruded by two smooth glass plates) are used in the existing research of the migration distribution rule of the propping agent can be solved.
As a preferred structure, as shown in fig. 1-3, the simulation assembly 4 includes two rectangular simulation boards 40 made of transparent materials, opposite sides of the two simulation boards 40 are rough surfaces for simulating a core fracture surface, the rough surfaces of the simulation boards 40 are engraved on the surface of the transparent materials by using a 3D printing technology, and rough surface data of the simulation boards 40 are obtained by using a laser range finder and a calibration board 13:
The method comprises the steps of utilizing a laser range finder to emit laser to a calibration plate 13 with steps at different heights in a black box 12, determining laser parameters corresponding to the different heights, making a drawing board, spraying reflectorized paint to the surface of a split rock core, placing the split rock core in the black box 12, emitting the laser again, collecting laser data reflected by the rock surface, and digitizing the surface of the rock core. The simulated board for simulating the rock core splitting surface is prepared through a 3D printing technology, the geometric form of the crack is accurately described through a rock splitting experiment or a triaxial fracturing experiment, the simulated board is photographed, the simulated board is digitized, 3D printing and three-dimensional reconstruction are performed due to different gray scales, and the artificial simulated rock core splitting surface with accurate crack concave-convex form is prepared. By adopting the scheme, the influence of fracture roughness performance on the movement of the propping agent can be conveniently analyzed on the basis of visualization.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2-6, a base 2 is disposed at the bottom of the analog component 4, a light source is disposed in the base 2, and the light source is disposed below the analog component 4 and is used for illuminating the crack 14 in the analog component 4. The top of the base 2 is provided with a rectangular mounting groove 15 matched with the simulation assembly 4, two simulation plates 40 are arranged up and down in parallel, the peripheral edges of the two simulation plates 40 are in sealing fit with the inner wall of the mounting groove 15 through a sealing element 5, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the sealing element 5 is provided with a channel 16 communicated with the conveying assembly, the inside of the sealing element 5 is provided with an extending part extending between the upper simulation plate and the lower simulation plate, the channel 16 horizontally penetrates through the extending part, the peripheries of the upper simulation plate and the lower simulation plate are pressed on the upper side and the lower side of the extending part to seal cracks, and meanwhile, the side wall of the mounting groove 15 of the base 2 is provided with a through hole 20 communicated with the channel 16 and the conveying assembly. By adopting the structure, the internal crack of the simulation assembly is sealed, and leakage in the process of conveying liquid is avoided.
In the specific manufacturing process, as shown in fig. 4, the bottom surface of the mounting groove 15 of the base 2 is provided with a plurality of grooves 17, the simulation component 4 is arranged at the top of the grooves 17 and inside the mounting groove 15, and the plurality of grooves 17 are respectively provided with a bulb for illuminating the crack 14 in the simulation component 4. The structure is adopted to provide illumination for cracks of the simulation component, and the movement characteristics of the propping agent along with the time distribution rule under the accurate crack specification can be intuitively observed through a laser scanning technology.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the conveying assembly includes a liquid storage tank 6, a conveying pump 10 and a liquid storage tank 11 capable of adjusting temperature, the liquid storage tank 11 is respectively communicated with an internal crack 14 of the analog assembly 4 through a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid storage tank 6 through a liquid outlet pipe, the conveying pump 10 is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe, an electric control valve 9, a pressure gauge 8 and a check valve 7 are further arranged on the liquid inlet pipe between the conveying pump 10 and the analog assembly 4, and the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe respectively penetrate through the side wall of the black box 12 and the side wall of a mounting groove 15 of the base 2 to be connected with a channel 16 on the sealing member 5. Wherein, a temperature controller is arranged in the liquid storage tank 11 and is used for adjusting the temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 11. The liquid reaching the target temperature is delivered into the crack of the simulation assembly by a delivery pump.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7, the pressing mechanism includes 3 pressing claws and pressing devices on the top of the pressing claws, the 3 pressing claws are multiple, the 3 pressing claws are arranged on the connecting seat 18 in a diffusion manner, the lower ends of the 3 pressing claws can abut against the top of the analog component 4, the connecting seat 18 is connected with the pressing devices, and the image capturing device is arranged at the bottom of the connecting seat 18. The pressure claws 3 are divided into 4 groups in this embodiment, and are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the simulation plate 40. The simulation assembly 4 is pressurized by the structure to form a high-pressure environment for simulating different production pressures.
Further optimizing the above technical scheme, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the two sides of the base 2 are provided with the supporting columns 1, the two supporting columns 1 are respectively connected with the two side surfaces of the base 2 through the connecting rods 19 in a rotating way, and the crack 14 in the simulation assembly 4 is adjusted to be in a horizontal state or a vertical state through rotating the base 2. The structure is adopted to realize the conversion of the horizontal seam and the vertical seam, thereby realizing the dual-purpose of one machine. By adjusting different states of the fracture, the movement characteristics of the propping agent in the fracture can be accurately and quantitatively represented, and the distribution characteristics of the propping agent along with time under the accurate fracture specification can be quantitatively researched.
During specific manufacturing, two sides of the base 2 are provided with buckles (not shown in the figure) for fixing the relative positions of the connecting rod 19 and the base 2. Wherein, the buckle can install on base lateral wall or connecting rod, opens buckle swivel mount, utilizes the buckle to fix it on the connecting rod after base angle adjustment is in place, avoids in the experimentation base position to change.
The invention also provides a visual experimental method for simulating the migration rule of the propping agent in the crack, which adopts the experimental equipment to carry out experiments and comprises the following steps:
In the black box 12, a laser rangefinder mounted on the top of the black box is used to emit laser to the calibration plate 13 (as shown in fig. 8 and 9) with steps 21 of different heights, laser parameters corresponding to the different heights are determined, and a drawing is made. And the return laser parameters corresponding to different heights are determined by using the laser range finder and the calibration plate, so that the drawing is convenient to manufacture.
Spraying reflective paint on the rough surface of a simulation board 40 forming a simulation assembly, placing the simulation board in a black box 12, starting a laser range finder to emit laser to the surface of a split rock core, collecting laser data reflected back from the surface of the rock core, and digitizing the split surface of the rock core;
the surface of the simulation board 40 made of transparent materials is engraved by using a 3D printing technology, the convexity and concavity of the splitting surface of the core is engraved again to simulate the splitting surface of the core, and after the two simulation boards are combined, accurate cracks simulating the splitting surface of the core can be formed between the two opposite rough surfaces.
The main reaction system and the pressing mechanism are placed in a black box, the laser transmitter arranged at the top of the black box sweeps the simulation component below, and the migration process of the liquid simulating the propping agent in the cracks in the simulation component in the whole experimental process is monitored.
The black box is utilized to ensure that the light source condition is unique in the experimental process, and the migration condition of propping agents in cracks of the simulation assembly is observed respectively.
In a specific operation, in the black box, the calculation formula of the distance from the laser of the laser range finder to the crack measuring surface is as follows:
D=ct/2
D, the distance between the object to be measured and the photoelectric element at the top of the black box;
c- -laser propagation speed;
t-time required for laser to traverse the crack under test and the black box top laser rangefinder once.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple operation, low manufacturing cost, high repeatability, stable operation and lower energy consumption, and not only can visualize the whole process, but also can analyze the influence of crack roughness performance on the movement of the propping agent. The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a transparent simulation board by using a 3D printing technology, carrying out repeated etching on the convex-concave degree of the surface of a split core, analyzing the influence of the crack roughness performance on the movement of a propping agent on the basis of visualization, intuitively observing the movement characteristics of the propping agent in the time distribution rule of the accurate crack specification through the crack of a laser scanning simulation assembly, clearly seeing the forming process and the final form of a sand bed formed by the propping agent, and analyzing the influence of the crack roughness performance on the movement of the propping agent by manufacturing the artificial simulation core split surface with the accurate crack concave-convex form, so as to solve the invisibility of the migration of the propping agent and the inaccuracy of the surface form of the used artificial core. The invention has perfect functions, can simulate the migration and laying rules of propping agents under various experimental conditions, further analyze the problems existing in the construction process and optimize the migration design of propping agents in the next step. Therefore, accurate detection of the laying position and migration law of propping agent in the fracture is important to unconventional oil and gas development, and the migration law is worth exploring.
In the foregoing description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.
Claims (8)
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| CN117434215A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Proppant visualization experimental device |
| CN119333125A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2025-01-21 | 成都理工大学 | Visualized crack competition diversion test experimental device, experimental system and method |
| CN119779924B (en) * | 2025-03-10 | 2025-07-08 | 克拉玛依市白碱滩区(克拉玛依高新区)石油工程现场(中试)实验室 | Multi-scale propping agent migration flat plate device wall surface electromagnetic control closed stress system |
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| CN107816342A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and method for visualization of proppant migration law in fractures |
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| CN104594871B (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2017-10-10 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | A device and method for simulating complex crack sanding in shale |
| CN205225230U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device for solid-liquid-gas migration in propped fractures of coal reservoirs |
| CN206368700U (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-08-01 | 西安石油大学 | It is a kind of to simulate the experimental provision that volume fracturing splits type seam seam inner support agent conveying |
| CN109424350A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The system and method for proppant transported simulation in complex fracture |
| CN110593842B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-05-05 | 西南石油大学 | Method for determining hydraulic fracturing self-supporting fracture flow conductivity of shale reservoir through experiment |
| CN114152729B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-04-23 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for simulating dynamic overburden movement based on rock block rotation |
| CN114320261B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Migration simulation method of proppant in fracturing under true triaxial condition |
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| CN107816342A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and method for visualization of proppant migration law in fractures |
| CN107542444A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of high pressure-break inner support agent migration dynamic monitor and its application method and purposes based on laser signal |
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