CN115862449B - Teaching system of discrete phase coded quantum key distribution protocol based on optical chip - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于光芯片的离散相位编码量子密钥分发协议的教学系统，该教学系统编解码端均基于光芯片制作完成，整个系统具有成本低，模块化，方便教学等优点，弥补了现有商用量子密钥分发系统由于成本高，体积大无法引用与高校以及初高中物理教学的问题。
The present invention provides a teaching system for a discrete phase coded quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip. The encoding and decoding ends of the teaching system are both manufactured based on the optical chip. The entire system has the advantages of low cost, modularization, and convenient teaching. It makes up for the problem that the existing commercial quantum key distribution system cannot be used for physics teaching in colleges and universities as well as junior and senior high schools due to its high cost and large size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical teaching products, in particular to a teaching system based on a discrete phase coding quantum key distribution protocol of an optical chip, which is applied to physical teaching.
Background
Along with the continuous development of science and technology, quantum information technology is also rapidly developed, wherein related products in main application directions such as quantum cryptography, quantum computing, quantum measurement and the like gradually move from laboratory researches to engineering practicability, the emerging technology is rapidly developed to be put into practical use, a batch of professional quantum information engineering technology talents are not separated, and the country also establishes a family subject of quantum information, so as to culture the quantum information professional technology talents.
For talent culture, teaching materials and teaching experiment systems are particularly important, but traditional quantum information systems are high in cost and large in size, are not beneficial to popularization in common universities and junior high school schools, and prevent development of relevant subjects of quantum information.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a teaching system for a discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip, which has the following technical scheme:
A teaching system of a discrete phase encoded quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip, the teaching system comprising:
The laser module is used for sending out optical pulse signals with a certain repetition frequency;
At least four two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules and at least one three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip module, wherein the two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules and the three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules are at least used for carrying out phase modulation on light pulses;
at least two adjustable optical attenuators for strongly attenuating the light pulses to a light intensity approaching a single photon level;
at least two single photon detector modules for responding to received single photon level light intensities;
The signal acquisition module is used for acquiring detection signals of the single photon detector module and sending the detection signals to the operation platform;
and at least one piece of software is carried on the operation platform and used for demonstrating corresponding experimental phenomena.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the teaching system further includes:
And the passive optical component group is used for realizing the connection of all components in the teaching system.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the laser module is a DFB laser module;
the DFB laser module includes a DFB laser diode and a driving circuit board.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module includes:
One waveguide wire is a delay waveguide wire, and the other waveguide wire is provided with a heat modulation module;
The parts of the two waveguide wires, which are positioned at the input end, are provided with waveguide beam splitters;
and the parts of the two waveguide wires positioned at the output end are provided with waveguide beam combiners.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module further includes:
And the temperature modulation device is used for maintaining the temperature of the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module includes:
The three waveguide wires, wherein the first waveguide wire, the second waveguide wire and the third waveguide wire are provided with a heat modulation module;
the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line are both delay waveguide lines, and the delay time of the third waveguide line is longer than that of the second waveguide line;
the parts of the first waveguide line and the second waveguide line, which are positioned at the input end, are provided with a first waveguide beam splitter;
the second waveguide beam splitter is arranged at the part of the second waveguide wire and the third waveguide wire, which is positioned at the input end;
the part of the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line, which are positioned at the output end, is provided with a first waveguide beam combiner;
and the part of the first waveguide line and the second waveguide line, which are positioned at the output end, is provided with a second waveguide beam combiner.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module further includes:
And the temperature modulation device is used for maintaining the temperature of the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module.
Preferably, in the teaching system, the software includes:
BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software;
DPS protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software;
beam splitting attacks demonstration software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The teaching system based on the discrete phase coding quantum key distribution protocol of the optical chip comprises a laser module, at least four two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip modules and at least one three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module, at least two adjustable optical attenuators, at least two single-photon detector modules and a signal acquisition module, wherein the laser module is used for sending optical pulse signals with a certain repetition frequency, the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip modules and the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module are at least used for carrying out phase modulation on the optical pulse, the adjustable optical attenuators are used for carrying out strong attenuation processing on the optical pulse so as to enable the optical pulse to be attenuated to the light intensity close to the single-photon level, the single-photon detector modules are used for responding to the received light intensity of the single-photon level, and the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring detection signals of the single-photon detector modules and sending the detection signals to an operation platform, and at least one piece of software is carried on the operation platform and used for carrying out corresponding demonstration phenomena. The teaching system is based on a simple system structure, does not need higher parameter requirements, has the purposes of low cost, small volume, clear principle demonstration, convenient teaching and the like compared with a commercial phase coding quantum key distribution system, and finally promotes relevant teaching experiments of a discrete phase coding quantum key distribution technology to common universities and junior high school teaching.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a teaching system of a discrete phase coding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an integrated package schematic diagram of a teaching system of a discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a BB84 phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system based on BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a coding and decoding table of BB84 protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a DPS phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system based on DPS result statistics and code rate calculation software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a beam splitting attack demonstration experiment system based on beam splitting attack demonstration software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a teaching system of a discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The teaching system includes:
a laser module 11, wherein the laser module 11 is used for emitting an optical pulse signal with a certain repetition frequency.
At least four two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules 12 and at least one three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip module 13, the two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules 12 and the three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip module 13 being at least for phase modulating the light pulses.
At least two adjustable optical attenuators 14, the adjustable optical attenuators 14 being configured to strongly attenuate the light pulses to a light intensity approaching a single photon level. Alternatively, the adjustable optical attenuator 14 may be a commercially available adjustable optical attenuator.
At least two single photon detector modules 15, said single photon detector modules 15 being adapted to respond to received light intensities of single photon levels. Alternatively, the single photon detector module 15 may be an avalanche photodiode made based on an ingaas material, and a corresponding driving circuit, to implement response to the received light intensity at the single photon level.
The signal acquisition module 16, the signal acquisition module 16 is configured to acquire a detection signal of the single photon detector module 15, and send the detection signal to an operation platform. Alternatively, the signal acquisition module 16 may be a commercial data acquisition card.
At least one software is installed on the operation platform 17 for performing corresponding experimental phenomenon demonstration.
Alternatively, the operation platform 17 is provided with a series of software for data statistics and data processing, and a desktop computer or other type of upper computer can be used instead.
In this embodiment, the laser module 11 includes, but is not limited to, a DFB laser module, where the laser module 11 is a DFB laser module, the DFB laser module includes at least a DFB laser diode and a corresponding driving circuit board, where the driving circuit board is used to control an operation state of the DFB laser diode, and at least make the DFB laser diode emit an optical pulse signal with a certain repetition frequency.
Further, of the at least four two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip modules 12, any one of the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip modules 12 is fabricated based on a silicon-based silicon dioxide or a silicon-on-insulator material, and has an unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure with a specific delay difference, on which at least one arm has a thermal modulation.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12 includes:
Two waveguide wires, one of which is a delay waveguide wire, and the other of which is provided with a thermal modulation module 19.
The parts of the two waveguide wires at the input end are provided with waveguide beam splitters.
And the parts of the two waveguide wires positioned at the output end are provided with waveguide beam combiners.
The two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12 is formed based on a photo chip structure.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12 further comprises:
a temperature modulating device 20, said temperature modulating device 20 for maintaining the temperature of said two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12.
Optionally, the temperature modulation device 20 includes, but is not limited to, a ceramic electrically controlled temperature modulation device, which is used to maintain the temperature of the two-arm different-arm interferometer chip module 12, avoid affecting the phase modulation, and modulate the phase modulation based on the operating voltage of the thermal phase modulation module 19.
Further, at least one three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13 is fabricated based on silicon-based silicon dioxide or silicon-on-insulator materials, which can be considered as a combination of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, with a thermal modulation module on either arm of the interferometer.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13 includes:
Three waveguide lines, wherein the first waveguide line, the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line are all provided with a thermal modulation module 19.
The second waveguide line and the third waveguide line are both delay waveguide lines, and the delay time of the third waveguide line is longer than that of the second waveguide line.
The first waveguide line and the second waveguide line are provided with a first waveguide beam splitter at a portion of the input end.
The second waveguide beam splitter is arranged at the part of the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line, which is positioned at the input end.
The second waveguide line and the third waveguide line are provided with a first waveguide combiner at the part of the output end.
And the part of the first waveguide line and the second waveguide line, which are positioned at the output end, is provided with a second waveguide beam combiner.
The three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13 is formed based on a photo chip structure.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 3, the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13 further comprises:
a temperature modulation device 20, said temperature modulation device 20 being used to maintain the temperature of said three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13.
Optionally, the temperature modulation device 20 includes, but is not limited to, a ceramic electronic control temperature modulation device, which is used for maintaining the temperature of the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13, avoiding affecting the phase modulation, so that the phase modulation is modulated based on the operating voltage of the thermal phase modulation module 19.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the teaching system further includes:
And the passive optical component group 18, wherein the passive optical component group 18 is used for realizing the connection of all components in the teaching system.
Specifically, the passive optical component group 18 at least includes passive optical components such as an optical fiber jumper, an optical fiber beam splitter, and the like, and is used for implementing connection of each component in the teaching system.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the software loaded in the operation platform 17 includes at least software:
BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software.
DPS protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software.
Beam splitting attacks demonstration software.
The BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software comprises protocol demonstration teaching video courses and data statistics analysis software, and is used for a user to count encoded data and decoded data and for code rate calculation and experimental phenomenon demonstration according to BB84 quantum key distribution protocol.
The DPS result statistics and code rate calculation software comprises protocol demonstration teaching video courses and data statistics analysis software, and is used for a user to count encoded data and decoded data and to carry out code rate calculation and experimental phenomenon demonstration according to a DPS quantum key distribution protocol.
The beam splitting attack demonstration software comprises protocol demonstration teaching video courses and data statistics analysis software, is used for a user to count coded data and decoded data, calculates code rates of an attacker and a legal user according to a beam splitting attack scheme aiming at BB84 protocol, and demonstrates experimental phenomena.
Therefore, compared with a commercial phase coding quantum key distribution system, the teaching system has the advantages of low cost, small volume, clear principle demonstration, convenience in teaching and the like, and finally, relevant teaching experiments of the discrete phase coding quantum key distribution technology are popularized to common universities and junior high school teaching.
Further, in another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is an integrated package schematic diagram of a teaching system of a discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to further improve the convenience of the education experiment, the product appearance of the teaching system may be a portable experiment box, in which a laser module 11, a two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12, a three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13, a tunable optical attenuator 14, a single photon detector module 15, a signal acquisition module 16, a passive optical component group 18 and an operation platform 17 are integrally disposed, and at least one software is mounted on the operation platform 17 for performing a corresponding experiment phenomenon demonstration.
Alternatively, the operation platform 17 may be an electronic device such as a tablet notebook.
The integrated optical chip device module comprises at least four two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules 12 and at least one three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip module 13.
The following describes different software demonstration experiments in combination with the teaching system of the discrete phase coding quantum key distribution protocol based on the optical chip provided by the embodiment of the invention:
1. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a BB84 phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system based on BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
At the protocol transmitting end, the DFB laser module emits a series of successive optical pulses at a repetition rate, each of which is equivalent, as will be described below in terms of a single optical pulse.
The light pulse enters the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1 (i.e. one of the two-arm unequal arm interferometer chip module 12), and is divided into two light pulses with the same energy at the waveguide beam splitter at the input end in the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1, wherein one light pulse is transmitted through a delay waveguide wire, and the other light pulse is transmitted through a waveguide wire provided with a thermal phase modulation module 19, and in the process, the thermal phase modulation module 19 loads the phase value of one of four fixed phases phi1=0, pi/2, pi and 3pi/2 on the light pulse randomly or independently.
And then, the two paths of waveguides are combined through a waveguide beam combiner at the output end of the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1, and the combined pulses with the effect of fixed values of front and rear phase differences are output through the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1.
As shown in fig. 5, the continuous light pulse is subjected to a strong attenuation process via an adjustable optical attenuator to attenuate it to an optical intensity near the single photon level, which changes only the optical intensity of the light pulse.
The light pulse attenuated by the adjustable optical attenuator enters the unequal arm interferometer chip module 2 (i.e. the other two-arm unequal arm interferometer chip module 12) at the receiving end of the protocol, in the unequal arm interferometer chip module 2, the front and rear light pulses are split by the waveguide beam splitter at the input end, and the two light pulses passing through the delay waveguide line are delayed by a fixed time relative to the two light pulses passing through the waveguide line provided with the thermal modulation module 19.
Since the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1 and the unequal arm interferometer chip module 2 of the protocol transmitting end and the protocol receiving end are identical, the light pulses passing through the front end of the two light pulses of the delay waveguide line and the light pulses passing through the rear end of the two light pulses of the waveguide line provided with the thermal modulation module 19 are overlapped together to interfere at the waveguide beam combiner at the output end reaching the unequal arm interferometer chip module 2.
Simultaneously, the two light pulses passing through the waveguide line provided with the thermal modulation module 19 are loaded with phases phi 2=0 and pi/2 relative to the two light pulses passing through the delay waveguide line for base selection measurement, so that the interference result of the two light pulses at the waveguide beam combiner is finally determined by the phase difference phi 1+phi 2.
If phi1+phi2=0, one of the single photon detector modules has a detection result, if phi1+phi2=pi, the other single photon detector module has a detection result, if phi1+phi2=pi/2 or 3pi/2, then both single photon detector modules have a general probability of having a detection result.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a coding decoding table of BB84 protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
After the measurement is completed, the protocol receiving end declares whether the phase phi 2 randomly selected by the protocol transmitting end is 0 or pi/2, and the two ends can obtain a coding result according to the coding and decoding table of the BB84 protocol shown in fig. 6 and the phase value conditions recorded by the current protocol transmitting end and the protocol receiving end, and calculate the current error rate and the coding rate by using BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software.
In summary, the embodiment of the BB84 phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system is taken as a basic demonstration teaching experiment, and the system completely displays the basic composition, the protocol encoding and decoding mode and the final key generation method of the BB84 protocol system.
2. Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a DPS phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system based on DPS result statistics and code rate calculation software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
At the protocol transmitting end, the DFB laser module emits a series of successive optical pulses at a repetition rate, each of which is equivalent, as will be described below in terms of a single optical pulse.
The light pulse enters the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13, is divided into three light pulses with the same energy at two waveguide beam splitters at the input end in the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13, has the same time delay between every two light pulses, passes through the thermal phase modulation module 19, and loads the phase value of one of two fixed phases phi 1=0 and pi on the light pulse.
The three light pulses are then combined at two waveguide beam combiners at the output end in the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 13, and the combined light pulses have the effect of three light pulses with fixed time delay from front to back, and the phase difference phi 1 between every two light pulses.
As shown in fig. 7, the continuous light pulse is subjected to a strong attenuation process via an adjustable optical attenuator so as to be attenuated to an optical intensity near the single photon level, which changes only the optical intensity of the light pulse.
The light pulses attenuated by the adjustable optical attenuator enter the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12 of the protocol receiving end, in the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12, the front and back three light pulses are all split by the waveguide beam splitter positioned at the input end, and the two light pulses passing through the delay waveguide line are delayed by a fixed time relative to the two light pulses passing through the waveguide line provided with the thermal modulation module 19.
Since the unit delays on the three-arm inequality-arm interferometer chip module 13 and the two-arm inequality-arm interferometer chip module 12 of the protocol transmitting end and the protocol receiving end are the same, the two light pulses passing through the front end of the three light pulses of the delay waveguide line and the two light pulses passing through the rear end of the three light pulses of the waveguide line provided with the thermal modulation module 19 are overlapped together to interfere respectively at the waveguide beam combiner reaching the output end of the two-arm inequality-arm interferometer chip module 12.
At this time, it is known that the single code causes two interference, i.e., the interference of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse and the interference of the second optical pulse and the third optical pulse, on the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module 12 in the protocol receiving end.
Based on the interference result, the single photon detector module 1 outputs a measurement result if the phase difference of the two optical pulses of the interference is 0, and the single photon detector module 2 outputs a measurement result if the phase difference of the two optical pulses of the interference is pi.
In the DPS protocol, the protocol receiving end reserves the condition that two interference times before and after have results and only has one result, if the single photon detector module 1 outputs a measurement result, the result is marked as bit 0, if the single photon detector module 2 outputs a measurement result, the result is marked as bit 1, thus a coding result can be obtained, and the DPS protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software is utilized to calculate the current error rate and the coding rate.
In summary, the embodiment of the DPS phase encoding protocol demonstration experiment system is taken as a basic demonstration teaching experiment, and the system completely displays the basic composition, the protocol encoding and decoding mode and the final key generation method of the DPS protocol system.
3. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a beam splitting attack demonstration experiment system based on beam splitting attack demonstration software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
At the protocol transmitting end, the DFB laser module emits a series of successive optical pulses at a repetition rate, each of which is equivalent, as will be described below in terms of a single optical pulse.
The light pulse enters the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1 (i.e. one of the two-arm unequal arm interferometer chip module 12), and is divided into two light pulses with the same energy at the waveguide beam splitter at the input end in the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1, wherein one light pulse is transmitted through a delay waveguide wire, and the other light pulse is transmitted through a waveguide wire provided with a thermal phase modulation module 19, and in the process, the thermal phase modulation module 19 loads the phase value of one of four fixed phases phi1=0, pi/2, pi and 3pi/2 on the light pulse randomly or independently.
And then, the two paths of waveguides are combined through a waveguide beam combiner at the output end of the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1, and the combined pulses with the effect of fixed values of front and rear phase differences are output through the unequal arm interferometer chip module 1.
As shown in fig. 8, the continuous light pulse is subjected to a strong attenuation process via an adjustable optical attenuator so as to be attenuated to an optical intensity near the single photon level, which changes only the optical intensity of the light pulse.
At the attack end, the attack end intercepts the signal sent by the protocol transmitting end and measures the received signal according to the implementation rule of the BB84 protocol receiving end.
And the attack end carries out quantum state modulation and coding according to the implementation mode of the BB84 phase coding protocol transmitting end according to the measured signals.
If phi2=0 is selected for measurement before the attack end, then the single photon detector module 1 responds, then phi1=0 is encoded for the quantum state, and if the single photon detector module 2 responds, then phi1=pi is encoded for the quantum state.
If the attack end selects phi2=pi/2 to measure before, then the single photon detector module 1 responds, then the quantum state is coded with phi1=pi/2, and if the single photon detector module 2 responds, then the quantum state is coded with phi1=3pi/2.
After the protocol receiving end receives the quantum state sent by the attack end, the protocol receiving end measures according to the implementation mode of the BB84 phase encoding protocol receiving end, and decodes according to the encoding and decoding table of the BB84 protocol shown in fig. 6, where it can be found that the intercepting retransmission attack can cause an extra 25% error rate due to the existence of the attack end.
In summary, in order to intercept the embodiment of the replay attack demonstration experiment system, the system completely displays the intercept replay attack demonstration experiment system, the protocol encoding and decoding mode and the final key generation method as a basic demonstration teaching experiment.
In summary, the application provides a teaching system of a discrete phase coding quantum key distribution protocol based on an optical chip, wherein the encoding and decoding ends of the teaching system are all manufactured based on the optical chip, and the whole system has the advantages of low cost, modularization, convenience in teaching and the like, and solves the problems that the conventional commercial quantum key distribution system cannot be cited and used for physical teaching in universities and junior high schools due to high cost and large volume.
The foregoing describes the teaching system of the discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol based on the optical chip, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention, and the description of the foregoing examples is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention.
It is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include, or is intended to include, elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An optical chip-based teaching system for a discrete phase encoding quantum key distribution protocol, the teaching system comprising:
The laser module is used for sending out optical pulse signals with a certain repetition frequency;
At least four two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules and at least one three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip module, wherein the two-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules and the three-arm inequality arm interferometer chip modules are at least used for carrying out phase modulation on light pulses;
at least two adjustable optical attenuators for strongly attenuating the light pulses to a light intensity approaching a single photon level;
at least two single photon detector modules for responding to received single photon level light intensities;
The signal acquisition module is used for acquiring detection signals of the single photon detector module and sending the detection signals to the operation platform;
The operation platform is provided with at least one piece of software for carrying out corresponding experimental phenomenon demonstration, the software comprises beam splitting attack demonstration software, and the beam splitting attack demonstration software is used for carrying out code rate calculation of attackers and legal users and experimental phenomenon demonstration of the attacks according to a beam splitting attack scheme.
2. The teaching system of claim 1, wherein said teaching system further comprises:
And the passive optical component group is used for realizing the connection of all components in the teaching system.
3. The teaching system of claim 1, wherein the laser module is a DFB laser module;
the DFB laser module includes a DFB laser diode and a driving circuit board.
4. The teaching system of claim 1, wherein said two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module comprises:
One waveguide wire is a delay waveguide wire, and the other waveguide wire is provided with a heat modulation module;
The parts of the two waveguide wires, which are positioned at the input end, are provided with waveguide beam splitters;
and the parts of the two waveguide wires positioned at the output end are provided with waveguide beam combiners.
5. The teaching system of claim 4, wherein said two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module further comprises:
And the temperature modulation device is used for maintaining the temperature of the two-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module.
6. The teaching system of claim 1, wherein said three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module comprises:
The three waveguide wires, wherein the first waveguide wire, the second waveguide wire and the third waveguide wire are provided with a heat modulation module;
the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line are both delay waveguide lines, and the delay time of the third waveguide line is longer than that of the second waveguide line;
the parts of the first waveguide line and the second waveguide line, which are positioned at the input end, are provided with a first waveguide beam splitter;
the second waveguide beam splitter is arranged at the part of the second waveguide wire and the third waveguide wire, which is positioned at the input end;
the part of the second waveguide line and the third waveguide line, which are positioned at the output end, is provided with a first waveguide beam combiner;
and the part of the first waveguide line and the second waveguide line, which are positioned at the output end, is provided with a second waveguide beam combiner.
7. The teaching system of claim 6, wherein said three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module further comprises:
And the temperature modulation device is used for maintaining the temperature of the three-arm unequal-arm interferometer chip module.
8. The teaching system of claim 1, wherein said software comprises:
BB84 protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software;
DPS protocol result statistics and code rate calculation software;
beam splitting attacks demonstration software.
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| CN110380853A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-25 | 赵义博 | A kind of polarization encoder quantum key distribution system |
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| CN102185693A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-09-14 | 安徽量子通信技术有限公司 | Quantum cryptography teaching system based on BB84 protocol and communication method thereof |
| CN103824487B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-01-13 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Based on eavesdropping apparatus for demonstrating and the method thereof of quantum key communication |
| GB2536248B (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2021-10-20 | Univ Bristol | Optical apparatus |
| KR102053780B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2020-01-22 | 한국과학기술원 | Method, apparatus and system for code based quantum key distribution |
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| CN106340222A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-01-18 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Teaching demonstration apparatus combining quantum cryptography communication with fiber eavesdropping |
| CN109523884A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 江苏亨通问天量子信息研究院有限公司 | Teaching demonstration system is eavesdropped in fiber optic communication |
| CN110324144B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2023-09-22 | 江苏亨通问天量子信息研究院有限公司 | Quantum key distribution transmitting end chip, packaging structure and device |
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