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CN115839506B - A low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber with hydrogen-rich fuel - Google Patents

A low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber with hydrogen-rich fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115839506B
CN115839506B CN202211677861.4A CN202211677861A CN115839506B CN 115839506 B CN115839506 B CN 115839506B CN 202211677861 A CN202211677861 A CN 202211677861A CN 115839506 B CN115839506 B CN 115839506B
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hydrogen
stratified
stage
rich fuel
combustion chamber
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CN115839506A (en
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张玮杰
李德立
王金华
金武
颜益盛
李建中
黄佐华
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

本发明为一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,包括两级分层旋流燃烧室头部和火焰筒;在燃气轮机燃烧室中采用同轴分级、分区燃烧组织方法,采用多个燃烧单元通过阵列的方式布置在燃烧室头部,有助于提高燃烧室出口温度的均匀性。单个燃烧单元采用两级旋流、部分预混燃烧的组织方式,在靠近燃烧器出口的位置,富氢燃料与空气进行短暂而强烈地混合。值班级通过接近扩散的燃烧方式形成持续的点火源,稳定贫燃的主燃级火焰,形成的回流区能够促进已燃气与未燃气的掺混传热。工况的过渡可由燃料分配器自动控制,燃烧室在变工况过程中可以通过各级燃料逐级加入或退出的方式实现工况的平稳过渡。本发明可实现富氢燃料稳定、清洁、高效地燃烧。

The present invention is a low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel, comprising a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head and a flame tube; a coaxial graded and zoned combustion organization method is adopted in the gas turbine combustion chamber, and a plurality of combustion units are arranged in an array at the combustion chamber head, which helps to improve the uniformity of the combustion chamber outlet temperature. A single combustion unit adopts a two-stage swirl and partially premixed combustion organization mode, and hydrogen-rich fuel and air are briefly and intensely mixed near the burner outlet. The duty class forms a continuous ignition source through a combustion mode close to diffusion, stabilizes the lean main combustion stage flame, and the formed recirculation zone can promote the mixing and heat transfer of the burned gas and the unburned gas. The transition of the working condition can be automatically controlled by the fuel distributor, and the combustion chamber can realize a smooth transition of the working condition by adding or withdrawing the fuel of each stage step by step during the changing working condition. The present invention can realize the stable, clean and efficient combustion of hydrogen-rich fuel.

Description

一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室A low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber with hydrogen-rich fuel

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于氢燃料技术领域,涉及使用富氢燃料燃烧的燃气轮机分级低污染燃烧室,特别涉及一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室。The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel, and relates to a gas turbine staged low-pollution combustion chamber using hydrogen-rich fuel combustion, and in particular to a hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber.

背景技术Background technique

作为向纯氢燃气轮机发展的过渡,燃用富氢燃料的燃气轮机在发电领域的优势逐渐凸显。向常规气态化石燃料中添加氢气,可以提高其燃烧速率,扩展稳定稀燃极限,但低比例的掺氢降低二氧化碳排放效果并不明显,随着掺氢比增加,可以显著降低二氧化碳排放,同时,当燃料中氢气的含量发生变化时,燃料的火焰传播速度以及点火延迟时间等特性会显著改变,容易产生自燃、热声振荡和回火等现象。当前绝大部分燃气轮机基于贫燃预混的工作方式,随着掺氢比增加,极易产生回火,无法根据富氢燃料中不同的含氢比例快速做出变化以实现富氢燃料稳定、高效、清洁的燃烧,只能燃用固定含氢比例富氢燃料的燃烧室难以满足市场需求。随着可再生能源的综合利用以及节能减排的深度发展,能够灵活使用不同含氢比例、清洁高效的燃气轮机对能源利用意义重大。目前,领域内大多为基于传统燃气轮机燃烧室的掺氢适应性研究,缺乏成熟的专门用于燃用富氢燃料低排放燃烧室。As a transition to the development of pure hydrogen gas turbines, the advantages of gas turbines burning hydrogen-rich fuels in the field of power generation are gradually becoming more prominent. Adding hydrogen to conventional gaseous fossil fuels can increase their combustion rate and extend the stable lean combustion limit, but the effect of low-proportion hydrogen blending on reducing carbon dioxide emissions is not obvious. As the hydrogen blending ratio increases, carbon dioxide emissions can be significantly reduced. At the same time, when the hydrogen content in the fuel changes, the flame propagation speed and ignition delay time of the fuel will change significantly, and spontaneous combustion, thermoacoustic oscillation and flashback are likely to occur. At present, most gas turbines are based on the lean premixed working mode. As the hydrogen blending ratio increases, flashback is very likely to occur. It is impossible to quickly change according to the different hydrogen content ratios in the hydrogen-rich fuel to achieve stable, efficient and clean combustion of the hydrogen-rich fuel. The combustion chamber that can only use hydrogen-rich fuel with a fixed hydrogen content ratio is difficult to meet market demand. With the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy and the in-depth development of energy conservation and emission reduction, the ability to flexibly use clean and efficient gas turbines with different hydrogen content ratios is of great significance to energy utilization. At present, most of the research in the field is based on the adaptability of hydrogen blending in traditional gas turbine combustors, and there is a lack of mature low-emission combustors specifically designed for burning hydrogen-rich fuels.

发明内容Summary of the invention

为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,主要解决现有燃烧室只能燃用固定含氢比例富氢燃料,无法根据富氢燃料中不同的含氢比例乃至不同工况需求自适应调节实现富氢燃料稳定、高效、清洁燃烧的问题。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber, which mainly solves the problem that the existing combustion chamber can only burn hydrogen-rich fuel with a fixed hydrogen content ratio, and cannot adaptively adjust according to different hydrogen content ratios in the hydrogen-rich fuel or even different operating conditions to achieve stable, efficient and clean combustion of the hydrogen-rich fuel.

为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,包括两级分层旋流燃烧室头部和火焰筒;A low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel, comprising a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head and a flame tube;

所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部布置于所述火焰筒中,所述火焰筒上位于所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部的前方设置有空气进口,所述前方,指沿富氢燃料流向的上游;The head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber is arranged in the flame tube, and an air inlet is arranged on the flame tube in front of the head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber, and the front refers to the upstream along the flow direction of the hydrogen-rich fuel;

所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部包括燃烧室头部安装盘和若干个分层旋流燃烧单元;所述燃烧室头部安装盘与燃烧室轴向垂直,所述分层旋流燃烧单元安装于所述燃烧室头部安装盘;The two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head includes a combustion chamber head mounting plate and a plurality of stratified swirl combustion units; the combustion chamber head mounting plate is perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis, and the stratified swirl combustion units are mounted on the combustion chamber head mounting plate;

每个所述分层旋流燃烧单元由同心布置的内值班级和外主燃级组成,所述内值班级包括值班级喷嘴和在所述值班级喷嘴外沿其周向布置的值班级轴向旋流器;所述外主燃级包括主燃级燃料腔和在所述主燃级燃料腔出口端面设置的主燃级径向旋流器;所述主燃级燃料腔环绕所述值班级轴向旋流器布置;所述主燃级燃料腔与所述主燃级径向旋流器通过轴向的环缝连通;Each of the stratified swirl combustion units is composed of an inner duty class and an outer main combustion stage arranged concentrically, wherein the inner duty class includes a duty class nozzle and a duty class axial swirler arranged outside the duty class nozzle along its circumference; the outer main combustion stage includes a main combustion stage fuel cavity and a main combustion stage radial swirler arranged on the outlet end face of the main combustion stage fuel cavity; the main combustion stage fuel cavity is arranged around the duty class axial swirler; the main combustion stage fuel cavity is connected to the main combustion stage radial swirler through an axial annular gap;

所述主燃级燃料腔接主燃级富氢燃料,所述主燃级富氢燃料进入所述主燃级燃料腔后,经由所述环缝与流经所述主燃级径向旋流器叶间的空气形成横向射流掺混;The main combustion stage fuel cavity is connected to the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel. After the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel enters the main combustion stage fuel cavity, it is mixed with the air flowing through the main combustion stage radial swirler blades through the annular gap to form a transverse jet;

所述值班级喷嘴接值班级富氢燃料,所述值班级富氢燃料经由所述值班级喷嘴喷出后,与流经所述值班级轴向旋流器叶片间的空气进行短暂混合。The duty class nozzle receives the duty class hydrogen-rich fuel, and after being ejected through the duty class nozzle, the duty class hydrogen-rich fuel is briefly mixed with the air flowing through the blades of the duty class axial swirler.

在一个实施例中,所述值班级喷嘴的头部开设若干个垂直于气流方向的小孔,富氢燃料通过所述小孔喷射出,多孔喷射形成的多股燃料射流与空气进行短暂且强烈地混合,形成均匀混合气。In one embodiment, the head of the duty class nozzle is provided with a plurality of small holes perpendicular to the airflow direction, and the hydrogen-rich fuel is ejected through the small holes. The multiple fuel jets formed by the multi-hole injection are briefly and intensely mixed with the air to form a uniform mixed gas.

在一个实施例中,所述值班级轴向旋流器包含若干具备弧度的叶片,使流经其流道的来流产生径向和周向速度分量,促进燃烧器出口滞止点的形成;In one embodiment, the duty class axial swirler comprises a plurality of blades with curvature, so that the incoming flow passing through its flow passage generates radial and circumferential velocity components, thereby promoting the formation of a stagnation point at the burner outlet;

所述主燃级径向旋流器包含与径向形成一定角度安装的若干直叶片,使流经其流道的空气产生径向和周向速度分量,在下游产生轴向逆压梯度,形成回流区。The main combustion stage radial swirler comprises a plurality of straight blades installed at a certain angle to the radial direction, so that the air flowing through its flow channel generates radial and circumferential velocity components, generates an axial adverse pressure gradient downstream, and forms a recirculation zone.

在一个实施例中,所述主燃级燃料腔的主体为腔体结构,其尾端与主燃级燃料分配导管相连,在其头部开设所述环缝,流进腔体的富氢燃料,经所述环缝喷射出成。In one embodiment, the main body of the main combustion stage fuel cavity is a cavity structure, the tail end of which is connected to the main combustion stage fuel distribution conduit, and the annular gap is opened at the head thereof, and the hydrogen-rich fuel flowing into the cavity is ejected out through the annular gap.

在一个实施例中,所述内值班级和外主燃级之间以台阶套筒隔开,所述台阶套筒从所述燃烧室的前方向后方呈聚拢形态,并将所述内值班级包覆在内。In one embodiment, the inner duty class and the outer main combustion stage are separated by a step sleeve, and the step sleeve is gathered from the front to the rear of the combustion chamber and covers the inner duty class.

在一个实施例中,所述分层旋流燃烧单元由一个中心分层旋流燃烧单元和多个环绕所述中心分层旋流燃烧单元均匀分布的外围分层旋流燃烧单元组成。In one embodiment, the stratified swirl combustion unit is composed of a central stratified swirl combustion unit and a plurality of peripheral stratified swirl combustion units evenly distributed around the central stratified swirl combustion unit.

在一个实施例中,所述燃烧室还包括富氢燃料导管;In one embodiment, the combustion chamber further comprises a hydrogen-rich fuel conduit;

所述富氢燃料导管包括自内向外同轴分布的中心值班级富氢燃料导管、中心主燃级富氢燃料导管、外围值班级富氢燃料导管和外围主燃级富氢燃料导管;The hydrogen-rich fuel conduit comprises a central duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit, a central main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit, a peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit and a peripheral main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit coaxially distributed from the inside to the outside;

所述中心值班级富氢燃料导管与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴相连,所述中心主燃级富氢燃料导管与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔相连;The central duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit is connected to the duty class nozzle of the central stratified swirl combustion unit, and the central main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit is connected to the main combustion stage fuel cavity of the central stratified swirl combustion unit;

所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管在后端连接若干外围值班级富氢燃料分管,每个外围值班级富氢燃料分管与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴相连;The peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit is connected to a plurality of peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes at the rear end, and each peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe is connected to a duty class nozzle of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit;

所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管在后端连接若干外围主燃级富氢燃料分管,每个外围主燃级富氢燃料分管与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔相连。The peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit is connected to a plurality of peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes at the rear end, and each peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe is connected to the main combustion stage fuel cavity of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit.

在一个实施例中,所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管中布设有外层整流板;所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管中布设有内层整流板。In one embodiment, an outer layer of rectifying plates is arranged in the outer main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit; and an inner layer of rectifying plates is arranged in the outer duty stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit.

在一个实施例中,所述燃烧室还包括多孔板,所述多孔板与燃烧室轴向垂直布置于所述火焰筒中,且位于所述空气进口和所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部之间,所述多孔板上设置有中心孔和围绕所述中心孔均布的若干圆孔;所述富氢燃料导管从所述中心孔穿过。In one embodiment, the combustion chamber further comprises a porous plate, which is arranged in the flame tube perpendicularly to the axis of the combustion chamber and is located between the air inlet and the head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber. The porous plate is provided with a central hole and a plurality of circular holes evenly distributed around the central hole; the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit passes through the central hole.

在一个实施例中,所述火焰筒在所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部后方的部分,由若干级联的双层套筒组成,每一级所述双层套筒的前端封闭,后端开放,且外层筒壁上开有冷却孔,前一级双层套筒的外层筒壁与后一级双层套筒的内层筒壁相连,各级双层套筒中,至少有一级为从前向后截面积减小的形状,至少在最后一级设置有与筒内连通的掺混孔。In one embodiment, the flame tube is located at the rear of the head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber and is composed of a number of cascaded double-layer sleeves. The front end of each stage of the double-layer sleeve is closed, the rear end is open, and cooling holes are opened on the outer wall of the sleeve. The outer wall of the previous double-layer sleeve is connected to the inner wall of the next double-layer sleeve. Among the double-layer sleeves of each stage, at least one stage is in a shape with a decreasing cross-sectional area from front to back, and at least the last stage is provided with a mixing hole connected to the inside of the sleeve.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1.本发明涉及到的一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,富氢燃料与流经径向旋流器的空气在靠近主燃级出口的位置进行短暂而迅速地混合,以达到部分预混燃烧,没有预混腔的存在,避免了回火和自燃的风险。1. The present invention relates to a low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel, in which the hydrogen-rich fuel is briefly and rapidly mixed with the air flowing through the radial swirler near the main combustion stage outlet to achieve partial premixed combustion. There is no premixing chamber, thus avoiding the risk of flashback and spontaneous combustion.

2.本发明涉及到的一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,预燃级采用近扩散的燃烧方式,在燃烧器出口处形成稳定的点火源,旋流效应形成的中心回流区增强了已燃气与未燃气的掺混传热,能够提高燃烧的稳定性。2. The present invention relates to a low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel. The pre-combustion stage adopts a near-diffusion combustion method to form a stable ignition source at the burner outlet. The central recirculation zone formed by the swirl effect enhances the mixing heat transfer of burned gas and unburned gas, which can improve the stability of combustion.

3.本发明涉及到的一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室由两级燃料分配器调节燃料量,可根据需求调节主燃级燃料流量以适应不同工况需求,拓宽了燃烧室的工作范围,有效降低污染物的排放,同时兼顾燃烧效率。3. The present invention relates to a hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber, which has a two-stage fuel distributor to adjust the fuel quantity. The main combustion stage fuel flow rate can be adjusted according to demand to adapt to different working conditions, thereby broadening the working range of the combustion chamber, effectively reducing pollutant emissions, and taking into account combustion efficiency.

4.本发明涉及到的一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,主燃级的径向旋流器保证了靠近燃烧器出口位置处富氢燃料与空气迅速而强烈地混合,提高了燃烧效率,降低燃烧室平均温度。4. The present invention relates to a hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber. The radial swirler of the main combustion stage ensures that the hydrogen-rich fuel and air are mixed quickly and strongly near the burner outlet, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the average temperature of the combustion chamber.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明的富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel according to the present invention.

图2为本发明的两级分层旋流燃烧室头部示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head of the present invention.

图3为图2中A-A向视图。Fig. 3 is a view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2 .

图4为本发明单个分层旋流燃烧单元示意图(立体图)。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (stereoscopic diagram) of a single stratified swirl combustion unit of the present invention.

图5为本发明单个分层旋流燃烧单元示意图(侧视图)。FIG5 is a schematic diagram (side view) of a single stratified swirl combustion unit of the present invention.

图6为图5中A-A向视图。Fig. 6 is a view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 5 .

图7为图6中B区域放大视图。FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of area B in FIG. 6 .

图8为本发明值班级喷嘴结构示意图(出口端视图)。FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the class nozzle of the present invention (outlet end view).

图9为本发明值班级喷嘴结构示意图(侧视图)。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram (side view) of the structure of the class nozzle of the present invention.

图10为图9中D-D向视图。Figure 10 is a D-D view in Figure 9.

图11为本发明主燃级燃料腔结构示意图。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the main combustion stage fuel chamber structure of the present invention.

图12为图11中D-D向视图。Figure 12 is a D-D view in Figure 11.

图13为图12中E区域放大视图。FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the E region in FIG. 12 .

图14为本发明富氢燃料导管示意图。FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-rich fuel conduit according to the present invention.

图15为图14中B-B向视图。Figure 15 is a B-B view in Figure 14.

图16为本发明多孔板示意图。FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a porous plate of the present invention.

图17为本发明点火器示意图。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an igniter of the present invention.

图18为本发明火焰筒示意图。FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the flame tube of the present invention.

图19为图18中B-B向视图。Figure 19 is a B-B view in Figure 18.

图20为图19中C区域放大视图。FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of area C in FIG. 19 .

图21为本发明机匣示意图(头端视图)。FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the casing of the present invention (head end view).

图22为本发明机匣示意图(正视图)。FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram (front view) of the casing of the present invention.

图23为图22中B-B向视图。Figure 23 is a B-B view in Figure 22.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图举例对本专利进行更加详细地描述,以下说明将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any form.

本发明为一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,采用了同轴分级、分区的燃烧组织方法,使得燃气轮机可根据不同工况需求自适应调节,以达到稳定、高效、清洁燃用富氢燃料。The present invention is a low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel, which adopts a coaxial graded and zoned combustion organization method, so that the gas turbine can be adaptively adjusted according to different working conditions to achieve stable, efficient and clean combustion of hydrogen-rich fuel.

具体来说,本发明将燃烧室中的燃烧分为预燃级、主燃级两级燃烧,实现分级、分区燃烧。如图1~图23所示,其主要包括两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1和火焰筒5。其中所述火焰筒5上位于所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1的前方设置有空气进口5-2,在本发明中,定义沿富氢燃料流向的上游为前方,下游为后方。本发明的“前”、“后”由此定义。Specifically, the present invention divides the combustion in the combustion chamber into two stages, namely, the pre-combustion stage and the main combustion stage, to achieve graded and zoned combustion. As shown in Figures 1 to 23, it mainly includes a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1 and a flame tube 5. An air inlet 5-2 is provided on the flame tube 5 in front of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1. In the present invention, the upstream along the flow direction of the hydrogen-rich fuel is defined as the front, and the downstream is defined as the rear. The "front" and "rear" of the present invention are defined as such.

两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1布置于所述火焰筒5中,所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1包括燃烧室头部安装盘1-1和若干个分层旋流燃烧单元,各分层旋流燃烧单元优选采用阵列方式布置。例如在图2所示结构中,分层旋流燃烧单元共有7个。其中燃烧室头部安装盘1-1与燃烧室的轴向垂直,各分层旋流燃烧单元安装于所述燃烧室头部安装盘1-1。The two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1 is arranged in the flame tube 5. The two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1 includes a combustion chamber head mounting plate 1-1 and a plurality of stratified swirl combustion units, and each stratified swirl combustion unit is preferably arranged in an array. For example, in the structure shown in FIG2 , there are a total of 7 stratified swirl combustion units. The combustion chamber head mounting plate 1-1 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the combustion chamber, and each stratified swirl combustion unit is mounted on the combustion chamber head mounting plate 1-1.

每个所述分层旋流燃烧单元由内值班级和外主燃级组成,二者优选同心布置,如图2和图3所示。所述内值班级包括值班级喷嘴1-4和值班级轴向旋流器1-5,值班级轴向旋流器1-5在所述值班级喷嘴1-4的外沿其周向布置。外主燃级包括主燃级燃料腔1-6和主燃级径向旋流器1-2,主燃级径向旋流器1-2设置在所述主燃级燃料腔1-6出口端面,如图4、图5、图6和图7所示。Each of the stratified swirl combustion units is composed of an inner duty class and an outer main combustion class, which are preferably arranged concentrically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The inner duty class includes a duty class nozzle 1-4 and a duty class axial swirler 1-5, and the duty class axial swirler 1-5 is arranged outside the duty class nozzle 1-4 along its circumference. The outer main combustion stage includes a main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 and a main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2, and the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 is arranged on the outlet end face of the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7.

所述主燃级燃料腔1-6环绕所述值班级轴向旋流器1-5布置,并且述主燃级燃料腔1-6与所述主燃级径向旋流器1-2通过轴向的环缝1-7连通,如图4、图5、图6和图7所示。The main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 is arranged around the duty stage axial swirler 1-5, and the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 is connected with the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 through an axial annular gap 1-7, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7.

在本发明中,主燃级燃料腔1-6接主燃级富氢燃料,所述主燃级富氢燃料进入所述主燃级燃料腔1-6后,经由所述环缝1-7与流经所述主燃级径向旋流器1-2叶间的空气形成横向射流掺混;值班级喷嘴1-4接值班级富氢燃料,所述值班级富氢燃料经由所述值班级喷嘴1-4喷出后,与流经所述值班级轴向旋流器1-5叶片间的空气进行短暂混合。In the present invention, the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 is connected to the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel. After the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel enters the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6, it forms a transverse jet mixing with the air flowing through the blades of the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 through the annular gap 1-7; the value class nozzle 1-4 is connected to the value class hydrogen-rich fuel. After the value class hydrogen-rich fuel is ejected through the value class nozzle 1-4, it is briefly mixed with the air flowing through the blades of the value class axial swirler 1-5.

根据以上结构,本发明的分层旋流燃烧单元采用阵列布置,有助于提高燃烧室出口温度的均匀性。单个分层旋流燃烧单元采用两级旋流、部分预混燃烧的方式组织燃烧,在靠近燃烧器出口的位置,富氢燃料与空气进行短暂而强烈地混合。由于没有预混腔体的存在,因此消除了回火和自燃的风险,以适应不同氢含量的富氢燃料,实现不同氢含量富氢燃料的稳定、高效、清洁燃烧。同时,单个分层旋流燃烧单元采用同轴轴向分级的燃烧组织方式,通过近扩散方式燃烧的值班级火焰形成持续的点火源,稳定贫燃的主燃级火焰,燃烧形成的回流区能够促进已燃气和未燃气的掺混传热,稳定贫燃的主燃级火焰,增强了燃烧的稳定性,从而使整个燃烧室工作在贫燃的状态下,降低污染物排放。According to the above structure, the stratified swirl combustion unit of the present invention is arranged in an array, which helps to improve the uniformity of the combustion chamber outlet temperature. A single stratified swirl combustion unit organizes combustion by two-stage swirl and partial premixed combustion. The hydrogen-rich fuel and air are briefly and intensely mixed near the burner outlet. Since there is no premixing cavity, the risk of flashback and spontaneous combustion is eliminated to adapt to hydrogen-rich fuels with different hydrogen contents and achieve stable, efficient and clean combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels with different hydrogen contents. At the same time, a single stratified swirl combustion unit adopts a coaxial axially graded combustion organization method. The duty class flame that burns in a near-diffusion manner forms a continuous ignition source, stabilizes the lean main combustion stage flame, and the recirculation zone formed by the combustion can promote the mixing heat transfer of the burned gas and the unburned gas, stabilize the lean main combustion stage flame, and enhance the stability of the combustion, so that the entire combustion chamber works in a lean state and reduces pollutant emissions.

因此,本发明在预燃级采用了近扩散的燃烧方式,能够在燃烧器出口形成稳定的持续点火源,主燃级燃料在靠近燃烧器出口的位置与通过主燃级径向旋流器1-2的主燃级空气进行快速而剧烈的混合,以部分预混的方式进行低当量比燃烧,形成整燃烧室整体工作在贫燃的状态,实现不同含氢比例富氢燃料稳定、高效、清洁燃烧。显然,这种方案具有燃料灵活度高、工况范围宽、工况过渡平缓、出口温度场均匀性好、燃烧稳定性好、低排放等优点,适用燃用不同含氢比例富氢燃料的燃气轮机,在燃气轮机发电领域的优势十分明显。Therefore, the present invention adopts a near-diffusion combustion method in the pre-combustion stage, which can form a stable and continuous ignition source at the burner outlet. The main combustion stage fuel is quickly and violently mixed with the main combustion stage air passing through the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 at a position close to the burner outlet, and low equivalence ratio combustion is performed in a partially premixed manner, so that the entire combustion chamber works in a lean combustion state as a whole, and stable, efficient and clean combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels with different hydrogen content ratios is achieved. Obviously, this scheme has the advantages of high fuel flexibility, wide operating range, smooth operating transition, good outlet temperature field uniformity, good combustion stability, low emissions, etc. It is suitable for gas turbines burning hydrogen-rich fuels with different hydrogen content ratios, and its advantages in the field of gas turbine power generation are very obvious.

在本发明的实施例中,分层旋流燃烧单元由内向外分别为值班级喷嘴1-4、值班级轴向旋流器1-5、台阶套筒1-3、主燃级径向旋流器1-2和主燃级燃料腔1-6。燃烧室头部安装盘1-1包含两个点火器安装孔1-8,用于安装固定点火器4。主燃级燃料腔1-6和值班级喷嘴1-4的一端留有中空的通道用于与富氢燃料导管2相连。In the embodiment of the present invention, the stratified swirl combustion unit is respectively composed of the duty class nozzle 1-4, the duty class axial swirler 1-5, the step sleeve 1-3, the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 and the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 from the inside to the outside. The combustion chamber head mounting plate 1-1 includes two igniter mounting holes 1-8 for mounting and fixing the igniter 4. The main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 and one end of the duty class nozzle 1-4 have a hollow channel for connecting with the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2.

如图8、图9和图10所示,值班级喷嘴1-4的头部开设6个垂直于气流方向的小孔1-4-1,富氢燃料能够通过该小孔1-4-1喷射出,多孔喷射形成的多股燃料射流能够与空气进行短暂且强烈地混合,形成较为均匀的混合气。As shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the head of the duty nozzle 1-4 is provided with six small holes 1-4-1 perpendicular to the airflow direction, through which hydrogen-rich fuel can be ejected, and multiple fuel jets formed by multi-hole injection can be briefly and intensely mixed with the air to form a relatively uniform mixture.

在本实施例中,富氢燃料经小孔1-4-1喷出,与流经值班级轴向旋流器1-5的空气进行短暂地混合,流经主燃级径向旋流器1-2的空气与环缝1-7中喷出的富氢燃料形成横向射流掺混,混合气在燃烧室内被点火器4点燃后在燃烧室头部下游进行燃烧。In this embodiment, the hydrogen-rich fuel is ejected through the small hole 1-4-1 and briefly mixed with the air flowing through the value-stage axial swirler 1-5. The air flowing through the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 forms a transverse jet mixing with the hydrogen-rich fuel ejected from the annular gap 1-7. The mixed gas is ignited by the igniter 4 in the combustion chamber and then burns downstream of the combustion chamber head.

在本发明的实施例中,值班级轴向旋流器1-5包含了若干具备一定弧度的叶片,其作用在于能够使流经其流道的来流产生径向和周向速度分量,促进燃烧器出口滞止点的形成,有助于稳定火焰。主燃级径向旋流器1-2包含与径向形成一定角度安装的若干直叶片,其作用在于能够使流经其流道的空气产生径向和周向速度分量,在下游产生轴向逆压梯度,形成回流区,促进燃烧。预燃级采用近扩散的燃烧方式,在燃烧器出口形成稳定的持续点火源,用于稳定主燃级火焰,使整个燃烧室整体工作在更加贫燃的状态,可有效降低污染物排放。In an embodiment of the present invention, the duty-stage axial swirler 1-5 includes a plurality of blades with a certain curvature, and its function is to enable the incoming flow through its flow channel to generate radial and circumferential velocity components, promote the formation of a stagnation point at the burner outlet, and help stabilize the flame. The main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 includes a plurality of straight blades installed at a certain angle to the radial direction, and its function is to enable the air flowing through its flow channel to generate radial and circumferential velocity components, generate an axial adverse pressure gradient downstream, form a recirculation zone, and promote combustion. The pre-combustion stage adopts a near-diffusion combustion method to form a stable and continuous ignition source at the burner outlet, which is used to stabilize the main combustion stage flame, so that the entire combustion chamber works as a whole in a more lean combustion state, which can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

如图11、图12和图13所示,在本发明的实施例中,主燃级燃料腔1-6的主体为腔体结构,其尾端与主燃级燃料分配导管2-7相连,在其头部开设狭窄环状的缝隙,即所述环缝1-7,流进腔体的富氢燃料,经环缝1-7喷射出成,由于环缝流道截面积骤减,富氢燃料在环缝流道中流动加速,轴向动量增加,形成富氢燃料射流,增与空气间的混合,促进高效燃烧并降低污染物生成。As shown in Figures 11, 12 and 13, in an embodiment of the present invention, the main body of the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 is a cavity structure, the tail end of which is connected to the main combustion stage fuel distribution duct 2-7, and a narrow annular gap is opened at its head, namely the annular gap 1-7, and the hydrogen-rich fuel flowing into the cavity is ejected through the annular gap 1-7. Due to the sudden decrease in the cross-sectional area of the annular gap flow channel, the hydrogen-rich fuel flows faster in the annular gap flow channel, and the axial momentum is increased to form a hydrogen-rich fuel jet, which increases the mixing with the air, promotes efficient combustion and reduces the generation of pollutants.

在本发明的实施例中,内值班级和外主燃级之间以台阶套筒1-3隔开,所述台阶套筒1-3从所述燃烧室的前方向后方呈聚拢形态,并将所述内值班级包覆在内。In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner duty class and the outer main combustion class are separated by a step sleeve 1-3, and the step sleeve 1-3 is gathered from the front to the rear of the combustion chamber and covers the inner duty class.

在本发明的实施例中,分层旋流燃烧单元由一个中心分层旋流燃烧单元和多个环绕中心分层旋流燃烧单元均匀分布的外围分层旋流燃烧单元组成,如图2所示,其中示出了一个中心分层旋流燃烧单元和六个外围分层旋流燃烧单元。In an embodiment of the present invention, the stratified swirl combustion unit is composed of a central stratified swirl combustion unit and a plurality of peripheral stratified swirl combustion units evenly distributed around the central stratified swirl combustion unit, as shown in Figure 2, which shows a central stratified swirl combustion unit and six peripheral stratified swirl combustion units.

本实施例中,通过独立控制各分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级和主燃级燃料供给,例如,燃气轮机在气动以及低工况工作时,只给中心分层旋流燃烧单元供给燃料,燃料从中心分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴和主燃级燃料腔的环缝中喷出,与流经旋流器的空气进行短暂而强烈地混合后在燃烧器下游燃烧,随着工况的升高逐步增加中心分层旋流燃烧单元燃料量,直至工况升高至某工况点后,同时给所有分层旋流燃烧单元供给燃料,此时所有的分层旋流燃烧单元同时参与燃烧,以此实现燃烧室在不同工况下的分级分区组织燃烧,充分发挥分层旋流燃烧室在全工况工作范围内的低排放优势,在变工况过程中也能平稳过渡。In this embodiment, the fuel supply of the duty class and the main combustion stage of each stratified swirl combustion unit is independently controlled. For example, when the gas turbine is working in aerodynamic and low operating conditions, only fuel is supplied to the central stratified swirl combustion unit. The fuel is ejected from the duty class nozzle of the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the annular gap of the main combustion stage fuel cavity, and is briefly and intensely mixed with the air flowing through the swirler and then burned downstream of the burner. As the operating conditions increase, the amount of fuel in the central stratified swirl combustion unit is gradually increased until the operating conditions increase to a certain operating point, and fuel is then supplied to all the stratified swirl combustion units at the same time. At this time, all the stratified swirl combustion units participate in the combustion at the same time, thereby realizing the hierarchical and zoned organization of combustion in the combustion chamber under different operating conditions, giving full play to the low emission advantages of the stratified swirl combustion chamber in the full operating range, and being able to smoothly transition during the change of operating conditions.

在本发明的实施例中,所述燃烧室还包括富氢燃料导管2;参考图14和图15,所述富氢燃料导管2包括自内向外同轴分布的中心值班级富氢燃料导管2-6、中心主燃级富氢燃料导管2-5、外围值班级富氢燃料导管2-2和外围主燃级富氢燃料导管2-1。所述中心值班级富氢燃料导管2-6与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴1-4相连,所述中心主燃级富氢燃料导管2-5与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔1-6相连;所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管2-2在后端连接若干外围值班级富氢燃料分管2-8,每个外围值班级富氢燃料分管2-8与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴1-4相连;所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管2-1在后端连接若干外围主燃级富氢燃料分管2-7,每个外围主燃级富氢燃料分管2-7与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔1-6相连。In an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion chamber also includes a hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2; referring to Figures 14 and 15, the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 includes a central value class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-6, a central main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-5, a peripheral value class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-2 and a peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-1 coaxially distributed from the inside to the outside. The central value class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-6 is connected to the value class nozzle 1-4 of the central stratified swirl combustion unit, and the central main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-5 is connected to the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 of the central stratified swirl combustion unit; the peripheral value class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-2 is connected to a plurality of peripheral value class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes 2-8 at the rear end, and each peripheral value class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe 2-8 is connected to the value class nozzle 1-4 of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit; the peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-1 is connected to a plurality of peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes 2-7 at the rear end, and each peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe 2-7 is connected to the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit.

本实施例中,将富氢燃料导管2整体分为了四层,由内向外分别为中心值班级富氢燃料导管2-6、中心主燃级富氢燃料导管2-5、外围值班级富氢燃料导管2-2和外围主燃级富氢燃料导管2-1。采取值班级与主燃级燃料分别供应,中心分层旋流燃烧单元与外围分层旋流燃烧单元燃料分别供应,可适应不同工况低排放稳定燃烧需求。根据该结构,工况的过渡可由燃料分配器自动控制,燃烧室在变工况过程中可以通过各级燃料逐级加入或退出的方式实现工况的平稳过渡。具体地,燃气轮机在启动以及低工况工作时,只供给中心分层旋流燃烧单元燃料,随着工况的升高逐步增加中心分层旋流燃烧单元燃料量,直至工况升高至某工况点后,同时给中心分层旋流燃烧单元和外围分层旋流燃烧单元供给燃料,此时中心分层旋流燃烧单元和外围分层旋流燃烧单元同时参与燃烧,以此实现燃烧室在不同工况下的分级组织燃烧,使工况过渡更加平稳,有利于燃烧室出口温度分布更加均匀。In this embodiment, the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 is divided into four layers, which are the central duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-6, the central main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-5, the peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-2 and the peripheral main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-1 from the inside to the outside. The duty class and the main combustion class fuel are supplied separately, and the central layered swirl combustion unit and the peripheral layered swirl combustion unit fuel are supplied separately, which can meet the low-emission stable combustion requirements of different working conditions. According to this structure, the transition of working conditions can be automatically controlled by the fuel distributor, and the combustion chamber can achieve a smooth transition of working conditions by adding or withdrawing fuel at each level step by step during the process of changing working conditions. Specifically, when the gas turbine is started and operating at low conditions, only the central stratified swirl combustion unit is supplied with fuel. As the operating conditions increase, the amount of fuel to the central stratified swirl combustion unit is gradually increased until the operating conditions increase to a certain operating point. At this time, fuel is supplied to the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit at the same time. At this time, the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit participate in the combustion at the same time, thereby realizing the graded organization of combustion in the combustion chamber under different operating conditions, making the operating condition transition smoother, and facilitating a more uniform temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet.

在本发明的实施例中,所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管2-1中布设有外层整流板2-3;所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管2-2中布设有内层整流板2-4。In an embodiment of the present invention, an outer layer rectifier plate 2-3 is arranged in the outer main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-1; and an inner layer rectifier plate 2-4 is arranged in the outer duty stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-2.

本实施例中,外围值班级富氢燃料分管2-8、外围值班级富氢燃料导管2-2、内层整流板2-4组成外层值班级富氢燃料供应系统,与外围分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴1-4相连。外围主燃级富氢燃料分管2-7、外围主燃级富氢燃料导管2-1、外层整流板2-3组成外层主燃级富氢燃料供应系统,与外围分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔1-6相连。外层整流板2-3和内层整流板2-4起到了固定支撑燃料管路和对气态燃料起整流的作用,不同区域、不同级燃料可通过控制富氢燃料导管中富氢燃料的流量分配来实现调控。In this embodiment, the outer duty class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe 2-8, the outer duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-2, and the inner rectifying plate 2-4 constitute the outer duty class hydrogen-rich fuel supply system, which is connected to the duty class nozzle 1-4 of the outer stratified swirl combustion unit. The outer main combustion level hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe 2-7, the outer main combustion level hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2-1, and the outer rectifying plate 2-3 constitute the outer main combustion level hydrogen-rich fuel supply system, which is connected to the main combustion level fuel cavity 1-6 of the outer stratified swirl combustion unit. The outer rectifying plate 2-3 and the inner rectifying plate 2-4 play the role of fixing and supporting the fuel pipeline and rectifying the gaseous fuel. Different areas and different levels of fuel can be controlled by controlling the flow distribution of the hydrogen-rich fuel in the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit.

在本发明的实施例中,所述燃烧室还包括多孔板3,参考图16,多孔板3与燃烧室轴向垂直布置于所述火焰筒5中,且位于所述空气进口5-2和所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1之间,所述多孔板3上设置有中心孔3-2和围绕所述中心孔3-2均布的若干圆孔3-1;所述富氢燃料导管2从所述中心孔3-2穿过,即多孔板布置在富氢燃料导管2和火焰筒5之间。In an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion chamber also includes a porous plate 3. Referring to Figure 16, the porous plate 3 is arranged in the flame tube 5 perpendicular to the axial direction of the combustion chamber, and is located between the air inlet 5-2 and the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1. The porous plate 3 is provided with a center hole 3-2 and a plurality of circular holes 3-1 evenly distributed around the center hole 3-2; the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 passes through the center hole 3-2, that is, the porous plate is arranged between the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 and the flame tube 5.

本实施例中,通过多孔板3,主要对从空气进口5-2流入内圆形空气通道的空气起到整流作用。In this embodiment, the porous plate 3 mainly plays a rectifying role on the air flowing into the inner circular air channel from the air inlet 5-2.

在本发明的实施例中,参考图17,点火器4的线缆布置在点火器中心通道4-1内,点火器头部4-2固定两级分层旋流燃烧室头部安装盘1-1的点火器固定孔1-8内。燃气轮机启动时,点火器4为燃烧室提供稳定的点火源。In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 17, the cable of the igniter 4 is arranged in the igniter central channel 4-1, and the igniter head 4-2 is fixed in the igniter fixing hole 1-8 of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head mounting plate 1-1. When the gas turbine is started, the igniter 4 provides a stable ignition source for the combustion chamber.

在本发明的实施例中,如图18、图19和图20,所述火焰筒5在所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1后方的部分,由若干级联的双层套筒组成,每一级所述双层套筒的前端封闭,后端开放,且外层筒壁上开有冷却孔5-4,前一级双层套筒的外层筒壁与后一级双层套筒的内层筒壁相连,各级双层套筒中,至少有一级为从前向后截面积减小的形状,至少在最后一级设置有与筒内连通的掺混孔5-5In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 18, 19 and 20, the flame tube 5 is a part behind the head 1 of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber, and is composed of a plurality of cascaded double-layer sleeves. The front end of each stage of the double-layer sleeve is closed, the rear end is open, and the outer layer of the sleeve wall is provided with cooling holes 5-4. The outer layer of the first stage of the double-layer sleeve is connected to the inner layer of the second stage of the double-layer sleeve. Among the double-layer sleeves of each stage, at least one stage is in a shape with a decreasing cross-sectional area from front to back, and at least the last stage is provided with mixing holes 5-5 connected to the inside of the sleeve.

在本发明的实施例中,所述火焰筒5外设置有机匣6,由此,燃烧室包括了两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1、富氢燃料导管2、多孔板3、点火器4、火焰筒5、机匣6共六个部分。In an embodiment of the present invention, a casing 6 is arranged outside the flame tube 5, so that the combustion chamber includes six parts, namely a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head 1, a hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2, a porous plate 3, an igniter 4, a flame tube 5, and a casing 6.

如图20、图21、图22和图23,机匣6主要由端盖6-7和筒体6-1构成,二者通过螺栓6-5连接,端盖6-7上的中心孔6-6与富氢燃料导管2一端相连,对富氢燃料导管2起到支撑和固定作用,端盖6-7上的点火器固定孔6-8与点火器4一端相连,对点火器4起到支撑和固定作用,端盖6-7上的凹槽6-4与火焰筒前端5-1相连,支撑杆6-2与火焰筒5上的支撑孔相连,对火焰筒5起到支撑和固定作用,筒体6-1尾端有均匀分布的机匣圆孔6-3,用于将燃烧室固定在燃气轮机上。As shown in Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23, the casing 6 is mainly composed of an end cover 6-7 and a cylinder 6-1, which are connected by bolts 6-5. The center hole 6-6 on the end cover 6-7 is connected to one end of the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2, which supports and fixes the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2. The igniter fixing hole 6-8 on the end cover 6-7 is connected to one end of the igniter 4, which supports and fixes the igniter 4. The groove 6-4 on the end cover 6-7 is connected to the front end 5-1 of the flame tube, and the support rod 6-2 is connected to the support hole on the flame tube 5, which supports and fixes the flame tube 5. There are evenly distributed casing circular holes 6-3 at the rear end of the cylinder 6-1 for fixing the combustion chamber on the gas turbine.

本实施例中,机匣6的分别与富氢燃料导管2和火焰筒5相连接,机匣6与火焰筒5配合形成了外环形空气通道和内圆形空气通道,来自压气机的压缩空气由外环形空气通道入口流入,通过火焰筒壁面上的圆形孔、冷却孔和掺混孔进入内圆形空气通道,燃烧后的高温燃气由内圆形空气通道出口流出。In this embodiment, the casing 6 is connected to the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 and the flame tube 5 respectively. The casing 6 and the flame tube 5 cooperate to form an outer annular air channel and an inner circular air channel. The compressed air from the compressor flows into the outer annular air channel from the inlet, and enters the inner circular air channel through the circular holes, cooling holes and mixing holes on the wall of the flame tube. The high-temperature combustion gas after combustion flows out from the outlet of the inner circular air channel.

此时,富氢燃料导管2的一端固定在进口端机匣端盖上,另一端与两级分层旋流燃烧室头部相连。火焰筒5则由支撑杆固定在机匣上,可以使空气通过火焰筒上的圆形孔5-2、冷却孔5-4、掺混孔5-2进入到燃烧腔。流经圆形孔的空气主要参与燃烧反应,流经冷却孔的空气主要用以冷却火焰筒壁面,防止火焰筒壁面因温度过高而损坏,流经掺混孔的空气与来流燃气进行掺混,以改善燃烧室出口温度场的均匀性。At this time, one end of the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit 2 is fixed to the inlet end cover of the casing, and the other end is connected to the head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber. The flame tube 5 is fixed to the casing by a support rod, so that air can enter the combustion chamber through the circular hole 5-2, the cooling hole 5-4, and the mixing hole 5-2 on the flame tube. The air flowing through the circular hole mainly participates in the combustion reaction, the air flowing through the cooling hole is mainly used to cool the flame tube wall to prevent the flame tube wall from being damaged due to excessive temperature, and the air flowing through the mixing hole is mixed with the incoming gas to improve the uniformity of the temperature field at the combustion chamber outlet.

此时,火焰筒5火焰筒前端5-1与机匣6前端的端盖6-7凹槽6-4相连,火焰筒内部的支撑孔5-3与机匣6上的支撑杆6-2相连,流经圆形孔5-2后经过多孔板3上均匀分布的圆孔3-1后流经分层旋流燃烧室头部参与燃烧反应,冷却空气经火焰筒5上均匀布置的冷却孔5-4流入后通过尾部环缝流出,对火焰筒5壁面起到冲击冷却作用,防止壁面温度过高而损坏,流经掺混孔5-5与高温燃气进行掺混,起到调节燃烧室出口温度分布的作用,改善燃烧室出口温度场的均匀性。At this time, the front end 5-1 of the flame tube 5 is connected to the groove 6-4 of the end cover 6-7 at the front end of the casing 6, and the support hole 5-3 inside the flame tube is connected to the support rod 6-2 on the casing 6. After flowing through the circular hole 5-2, it passes through the evenly distributed circular holes 3-1 on the porous plate 3 and then flows through the head of the stratified swirl combustion chamber to participate in the combustion reaction. The cooling air flows in through the evenly distributed cooling holes 5-4 on the flame tube 5 and then flows out through the tail annular seam, which has an impact cooling effect on the wall of the flame tube 5 to prevent the wall temperature from being damaged due to excessive high temperature. It flows through the mixing hole 5-5 to mix with the high-temperature combustion gas, which plays a role in adjusting the temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet and improving the uniformity of the temperature field at the combustion chamber outlet.

本发明的工作原理为:The working principle of the present invention is:

经压气机压缩后的压缩空气7经火焰筒5与机匣6间的环形通道进入燃烧腔,一部分压缩空气经火焰筒5上的掺混孔5-5、冷却孔5-4进入燃烧室,起到冷却壁面和调节燃烧室出口温度分布的作用。另一部分压缩空气通过火焰筒5上圆形孔5-2后,经多孔板3上均匀分布的圆孔3-1进行整流后一部分流经两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1上由主燃级径向旋流器1-2和台阶套筒1-3组成的主燃级空气流道与流经富氢燃料分配导管2经主燃级燃料腔1-6上环缝1-7喷射出的燃料在靠近燃烧器出口的位置进行横向射流掺混;另一部分经多孔板3上均匀分布的圆孔3-1进行整流后的空气流经两级分层旋流燃烧室头部1上由值班级轴向旋流器1-5和台阶套筒1-3组成的值班级空气流道与流经富氢燃料分配导管2经值班级喷嘴1-4喷出的燃料进行短暂地混合。形成的可燃混合气经过点火器4点燃后在两级分层旋流燃烧室头部下游进行燃烧,流经火焰筒5壁面上均匀分布冷却孔5-4的冷却空气对火焰筒壁面进行冲击冷却后经尾部环缝流出,可防止壁面因温度过高而损坏,流经火焰筒5上掺混孔5-6的空气对来流燃气起到掺混作用,以改善燃烧室出口温度场的均匀性,最后高温燃气8通过火焰筒5的出口排出。The compressed air 7 compressed by the compressor enters the combustion chamber through the annular channel between the flame tube 5 and the casing 6. A part of the compressed air enters the combustion chamber through the mixing hole 5-5 and the cooling hole 5-4 on the flame tube 5, which plays a role in cooling the wall surface and adjusting the temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet. Another part of the compressed air passes through the circular hole 5-2 on the flame tube 5, and then is rectified by the circular holes 3-1 evenly distributed on the porous plate 3, and then part of it flows through the main combustion stage air flow channel composed of the main combustion stage radial swirler 1-2 and the step sleeve 1-3 on the head 1 of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber, and is mixed with the fuel that flows through the hydrogen-rich fuel distribution duct 2 and is ejected through the annular seam 1-7 on the main combustion stage fuel cavity 1-6 at a position near the burner outlet by a transverse jet; another part of the air that is rectified by the circular holes 3-1 evenly distributed on the porous plate 3 flows through the duty class air flow channel composed of the duty class axial swirler 1-5 and the step sleeve 1-3 on the head 1 of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber, and is briefly mixed with the fuel that flows through the hydrogen-rich fuel distribution duct 2 and is ejected through the duty class nozzle 1-4. The formed combustible mixture is ignited by the igniter 4 and then burns downstream of the head of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber. The cooling air flowing through the cooling holes 5-4 evenly distributed on the wall of the flame tube 5 impact-cools the wall of the flame tube and then flows out through the tail annular gap, which can prevent the wall from being damaged due to excessive temperature. The air flowing through the mixing holes 5-6 on the flame tube 5 mixes the incoming gas to improve the uniformity of the temperature field at the combustion chamber outlet. Finally, the high-temperature gas 8 is discharged through the outlet of the flame tube 5.

燃烧室头部采用六个外围分层旋流燃烧单元围绕一个中心分层旋流燃烧单元构成的由七个分层旋流燃烧单元组成的阵列型燃烧器布置,与其搭配的燃料分配导管采用中心分层旋流燃烧单元与外层分层旋流燃烧独立供给燃料的策略,燃气轮机在启动以及低工况工作时,只供给中心分层旋流燃烧单元燃料,随着工况的升高逐步增加中心分层旋流燃烧单元燃料量,直至工况升高至某工况点后,同时给中心分层旋流燃烧单元和六个外围分层旋流燃烧单元供给燃料,此时中心分层旋流燃烧单元和六个外围分层旋流燃烧单元同时参与燃烧,以此实现燃烧室在不同工况下的分级组织燃烧,使工况过渡更加平稳,分区的燃烧组织方式有利于燃烧室出口温度分布更加均匀。单个燃烧单元采用分级分区部分预混的燃烧方式,可有效消除富氢燃料中氢含量不同带来回火的风险,通过少量燃料通入值班级喷嘴以近扩散的燃烧方式组织的值班级火焰稳定相对更贫燃的主燃级火焰,使燃烧室整体工作在相对贫燃的状态,充分发挥本发明在全工况运行范围内的低排放优势。The combustion chamber head adopts an array burner arrangement consisting of seven stratified swirl combustion units, which are composed of six peripheral stratified swirl combustion units surrounding a central stratified swirl combustion unit. The fuel distribution duct matched with it adopts a strategy of independently supplying fuel to the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the outer stratified swirl combustion. When the gas turbine is started and working at low conditions, only fuel is supplied to the central stratified swirl combustion unit. As the operating conditions increase, the amount of fuel to the central stratified swirl combustion unit is gradually increased until the operating conditions rise to a certain operating point, and fuel is supplied to the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the six peripheral stratified swirl combustion units at the same time. At this time, the central stratified swirl combustion unit and the six peripheral stratified swirl combustion units participate in combustion at the same time, so as to realize the graded organization of combustion in the combustion chamber under different operating conditions, making the operating condition transition smoother, and the zoned combustion organization method is conducive to a more uniform temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet. A single combustion unit adopts a graded and zoned partially premixed combustion method, which can effectively eliminate the risk of flashback caused by different hydrogen contents in hydrogen-rich fuel. A small amount of fuel is introduced into the duty class nozzle to organize the duty class flame in a near-diffusion combustion method to stabilize the relatively leaner main combustion stage flame, so that the combustion chamber as a whole operates in a relatively lean state, giving full play to the low emission advantages of the present invention within the full operating range.

以上对本发明进行了详细描述,需要理解的是,本发明不局限于上述特定实施方式和参数,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。The present invention has been described in detail above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation modes and parameters. Those skilled in the art may make various variations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which will not affect the essential content of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,包括两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)和火焰筒(5);1. A low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel, characterized in that it comprises a two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head (1) and a flame tube (5); 所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)布置于所述火焰筒(5)中,所述火焰筒(5)上位于所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)的前方设置有空气进口(5-2),所述前方,指沿富氢燃料流向的上游;The two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head (1) is arranged in the flame tube (5), and an air inlet (5-2) is provided on the flame tube (5) in front of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head (1), wherein the front refers to the upstream along the flow direction of the hydrogen-rich fuel; 所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)包括燃烧室头部安装盘(1-1)和若干个分层旋流燃烧单元;所述燃烧室头部安装盘(1-1)与燃烧室轴向垂直,所述分层旋流燃烧单元安装于所述燃烧室头部安装盘(1-1);The two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber head (1) comprises a combustion chamber head mounting plate (1-1) and a plurality of stratified swirl combustion units; the combustion chamber head mounting plate (1-1) is perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis, and the stratified swirl combustion units are mounted on the combustion chamber head mounting plate (1-1); 每个所述分层旋流燃烧单元由同心布置的内值班级和外主燃级组成,所述内值班级包括值班级喷嘴(1-4)和在所述值班级喷嘴(1-4)外沿其周向布置的值班级轴向旋流器(1-5);所述外主燃级包括主燃级燃料腔(1-6)和在所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)出口端面设置的主燃级径向旋流器(1-2);所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)环绕所述值班级轴向旋流器(1-5)布置;所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)与所述主燃级径向旋流器(1-2)通过轴向的环缝(1-7)连通;所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)的主体为腔体结构,其尾端与外围主燃级富氢燃料分管(2-7)相连,在其头部开设所述环缝(1-7),流进腔体的富氢燃料,经所述环缝(1-7)喷射出;Each of the stratified swirl combustion units is composed of an inner duty class and an outer main combustion stage which are arranged concentrically, wherein the inner duty class includes a duty class nozzle (1-4) and a duty class axial swirler (1-5) arranged outside the duty class nozzle (1-4) along its circumference; the outer main combustion stage includes a main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) and a main combustion stage radial swirler (1-2) arranged on the outlet end face of the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6); the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) is arranged around the duty class axial swirler (1-5); the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) is connected to the main combustion stage radial swirler (1-2) through an axial annular gap (1-7); the main body of the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) is a cavity structure, the tail end of which is connected to the outer main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe (2-7), and the annular gap (1-7) is opened at its head, and the hydrogen-rich fuel flowing into the cavity is ejected through the annular gap (1-7); 所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)接主燃级富氢燃料,所述主燃级富氢燃料进入所述主燃级燃料腔(1-6)后,经由所述环缝(1-7)与流经所述主燃级径向旋流器(1-2)叶间的空气形成横向射流掺混;The main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) is connected to the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel. After the main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel enters the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6), it is mixed with the air flowing through the blades of the main combustion stage radial swirler (1-2) through the annular gap (1-7) to form a transverse jet; 所述值班级喷嘴(1-4)接值班级富氢燃料,所述值班级富氢燃料经由所述值班级喷嘴(1-4)喷出后,与流经所述值班级轴向旋流器(1-5)叶片间的空气进行短暂混合。The duty class nozzle (1-4) receives the duty class hydrogen-rich fuel, and after the duty class hydrogen-rich fuel is sprayed out through the duty class nozzle (1-4), it is briefly mixed with the air flowing through the blades of the duty class axial swirler (1-5). 2.根据权利要求1所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述值班级喷嘴(1-4)的头部开设若干个垂直于气流方向的小孔(1-4-1),富氢燃料通过所述小孔(1-4-1)喷射出,多孔喷射形成的多股燃料射流与空气进行短暂且强烈地混合,形成均匀混合气。2. According to claim 1, the hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber is characterized in that the head of the duty class nozzle (1-4) is provided with a plurality of small holes (1-4-1) perpendicular to the airflow direction, and the hydrogen-rich fuel is ejected through the small holes (1-4-1), and the multiple fuel jets formed by the multi-hole injection are briefly and intensely mixed with the air to form a uniform mixed gas. 3.根据权利要求1所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述值班级轴向旋流器(1-5)包含若干具备弧度的叶片,使流经其流道的来流产生径向和周向速度分量,促进燃烧器出口滞止点的形成;3. The low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the duty-class axial swirler (1-5) comprises a plurality of blades with curvature, so that the incoming flow passing through its flow channel generates radial and circumferential velocity components, thereby promoting the formation of a stagnation point at the burner outlet; 所述主燃级径向旋流器包含与径向形成一定角度安装的若干直叶片,使流经其流道的空气产生径向和周向速度分量,在下游产生轴向逆压梯度,形成回流区。The main combustion stage radial swirler comprises a plurality of straight blades installed at a certain angle to the radial direction, so that the air flowing through its flow channel generates radial and circumferential velocity components, generates an axial adverse pressure gradient downstream, and forms a recirculation zone. 4.根据权利要求1所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述内值班级和外主燃级之间以台阶套筒(1-3)隔开,所述台阶套筒(1-3)从所述燃烧室的前方向后方呈聚拢形态,并将所述内值班级包覆在内。4. According to the hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber of claim 1, it is characterized in that the inner duty class and the outer main combustion stage are separated by a step sleeve (1-3), and the step sleeve (1-3) is gathered from the front to the rear of the combustion chamber and covers the inner duty class. 5.根据权利要求1所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述分层旋流燃烧单元由一个中心分层旋流燃烧单元和多个环绕所述中心分层旋流燃烧单元均匀分布的外围分层旋流燃烧单元组成。5. The hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that the stratified swirl combustion unit is composed of a central stratified swirl combustion unit and a plurality of peripheral stratified swirl combustion units evenly distributed around the central stratified swirl combustion unit. 6.根据权利要求5所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述燃烧室还包括富氢燃料导管(2);6. The hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that the combustion chamber further comprises a hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2); 所述富氢燃料导管(2)包括自内向外同轴分布的中心值班级富氢燃料导管(2-6)、中心主燃级富氢燃料导管(2-5)、外围值班级富氢燃料导管(2-2)和外围主燃级富氢燃料导管(2-1);The hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2) comprises a central duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-6), a central main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-5), a peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-2) and a peripheral main combustion class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-1) which are coaxially distributed from the inside to the outside; 所述中心值班级富氢燃料导管(2-6)与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴(1-4)相连,所述中心主燃级富氢燃料导管(2-5)与中心分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔(1-6)相连;The central duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-6) is connected to the duty class nozzle (1-4) of the central stratified swirl combustion unit, and the central main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-5) is connected to the main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) of the central stratified swirl combustion unit; 所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管(2-2)在后端连接若干外围值班级富氢燃料分管(2-8),每个外围值班级富氢燃料分管(2-8)与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的值班级喷嘴(1-4)相连;The peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-2) is connected to a plurality of peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes (2-8) at the rear end, and each peripheral duty class hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe (2-8) is connected to a duty class nozzle (1-4) of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit; 所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管(2-1)在后端连接若干外围主燃级富氢燃料分管(2-7),每个外围主燃级富氢燃料分管(2-7)与一个外围分层旋流燃烧单元的主燃级燃料腔(1-6)相连。The peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2-1) is connected to a plurality of peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipes (2-7) at the rear end, and each peripheral main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel branch pipe (2-7) is connected to a main combustion stage fuel cavity (1-6) of a peripheral stratified swirl combustion unit. 7.根据权利要求6所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述外围主燃级富氢燃料导管(2-1)中布设有外层整流板(2-3);所述外围值班级富氢燃料导管(2-2)中布设有内层整流板(2-4)。7. According to the hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber of claim 6, it is characterized in that an outer layer of rectifying plates (2-3) are arranged in the outer main combustion stage hydrogen-rich fuel duct (2-1); and an inner layer of rectifying plates (2-4) are arranged in the outer duty stage hydrogen-rich fuel duct (2-2). 8.根据权利要求6或7所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述燃烧室还包括多孔板(3),所述多孔板(3)与燃烧室轴向垂直布置于所述火焰筒(5)中,且位于所述空气进口(5-2)和所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)之间,所述多孔板(3)上设置有中心孔(3-2)和围绕所述中心孔(3-2)均布的若干圆孔(3-1);所述富氢燃料导管(2)从所述中心孔(3-2)穿过。8. According to claim 6 or 7, the hydrogen-rich fuel low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber is characterized in that the combustion chamber also includes a porous plate (3), the porous plate (3) is arranged in the flame tube (5) perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber, and is located between the air inlet (5-2) and the head (1) of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber, and the porous plate (3) is provided with a center hole (3-2) and a plurality of circular holes (3-1) evenly distributed around the center hole (3-2); the hydrogen-rich fuel conduit (2) passes through the center hole (3-2). 9.根据权利要求1所述富氢燃料低排放分层旋流燃烧室,其特征在于,所述火焰筒(5)在所述两级分层旋流燃烧室头部(1)后方的部分,由若干级联的双层套筒组成,每一级所述双层套筒的前端封闭,后端开放,且外层筒壁上开有冷却孔(5-4),前一级双层套筒的外层筒壁与后一级双层套筒的内层筒壁相连,各级双层套筒中,至少有一级为从前向后截面积减小的形状,至少在最后一级设置有与筒内连通的掺混孔(5-5)。9. According to claim 1, the low-emission stratified swirl combustion chamber for hydrogen-rich fuel is characterized in that the flame tube (5) at the rear of the head (1) of the two-stage stratified swirl combustion chamber is composed of a number of cascaded double-layer sleeves, the front end of each stage of the double-layer sleeve is closed, the rear end is open, and a cooling hole (5-4) is opened on the outer wall of the sleeve, the outer wall of the previous double-layer sleeve is connected to the inner wall of the next double-layer sleeve, and among the double-layer sleeves of each stage, at least one stage is in a shape with a decreasing cross-sectional area from front to back, and at least the last stage is provided with a mixing hole (5-5) connected to the inside of the sleeve.
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