CN115825396B - Rock-soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure and use method - Google Patents
Rock-soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置及使用方法，包括压力室设于金属底座上，压力室顶部通过橡胶垫圈连接金属顶板，金属顶板通过螺杆和六角螺母与金属底座连接，金属顶板上设有固定机构，固定机构与杆件连接，杆件通过测力计与金属网兜连接，金属网兜设有样品，金属底座上表面设有铜管圈，铜管圈的进口端与温度控制箱的出水端相连，铜管圈的出口端与温度控制箱的进水端相连，金属底座中部设有三通阀门，三通阀门一端通过排水管与水箱连接，三通阀门另一端通过注水管与水泵连接。本发明通过控制压力室的温度和压力来模拟水库蓄水后岸边坡岩土体的温度和水压力环境，测量一定的温度和水压力条件下岸坡岩土体崩解率与崩解损失率。
The invention discloses a rock and soil disintegration test device with controllable temperature and pressure and a method for using the device, including a pressure chamber arranged on a metal base, a metal top plate connected to the top of the pressure chamber by a rubber gasket, a metal top plate connected to the metal base by a screw and a hexagonal nut, a fixing mechanism arranged on the metal top plate, the fixing mechanism connected to a rod, the rod connected to a metal net bag by a dynamometer, a sample arranged on the metal net bag, a copper tube ring arranged on the upper surface of the metal base, the inlet end of the copper tube ring connected to the water outlet end of a temperature control box, the outlet end of the copper tube ring connected to the water inlet end of the temperature control box, a three-way valve arranged in the middle of the metal base, one end of the three-way valve connected to a water tank by a drain pipe, and the other end of the three-way valve connected to a water pump by a water injection pipe. The invention simulates the temperature and water pressure environment of the rock and soil body of the bank slope after the reservoir is filled with water by controlling the temperature and pressure of the pressure chamber, and measures the disintegration rate and disintegration loss rate of the rock and soil body of the bank slope under certain temperature and water pressure conditions.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于岩土工程测试技术领域，具体涉及一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置及使用方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering testing, and in particular relates to a temperature and pressure controllable geotechnical disintegration testing device and a use method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
水库蓄排水过程中库岸边坡变形体位移发展影响显著，水库初期蓄水阶段岸坡变形体的位移会突变，后期排水阶段变形体的位移亦发展，水库蓄排水长期对库岸边坡岩土体的完整性造成影响。水库蓄水阶段，水逐渐浸没库岸边坡岩土体，随着水位的增加，库岸边坡岩土体所承受的静水压力也逐渐增大；水库排水阶段，随着水位的降低，库岸边坡岩土体所承受的静水压力逐渐减小；而不同季节水体的温度不同，在水库蓄排水长期影响下，库岸边坡长期处于这种变化压力和温度环境中，在这种温压环境中岩土体尤其是软弱泥化夹层的耐崩解性有待通过试验确定，这对水库蓄排水过程中库岸边坡变形体的变形机理与风险防控具有重要的理论与实际意义。The displacement of the deformation body of the bank slope is significantly affected during the reservoir storage and drainage process. The displacement of the deformation body of the bank slope will change suddenly in the initial water storage stage of the reservoir, and the displacement of the deformation body will also develop in the later drainage stage. The long-term storage and drainage of the reservoir will affect the integrity of the rock and soil of the bank slope. During the reservoir storage stage, water gradually submerges the rock and soil of the bank slope. As the water level increases, the hydrostatic pressure on the rock and soil of the bank slope gradually increases; during the reservoir drainage stage, as the water level decreases, the hydrostatic pressure on the rock and soil of the bank slope gradually decreases; and the temperature of the water body is different in different seasons. Under the long-term influence of reservoir storage and drainage, the bank slope is in this changing pressure and temperature environment for a long time. In this temperature and pressure environment, the collapse resistance of the rock and soil, especially the weak mud interlayer, needs to be determined through experiments. This has important theoretical and practical significance for the deformation mechanism and risk prevention and control of the deformation body of the bank slope during the reservoir storage and drainage process.
目前，关于岩土崩解性测试的装置和方法均是在大气压下开展岩土崩解性测试，只考虑了温度的影响，未考虑到静水压力的影响，不能够反映水库蓄排水过程中的温度和静水压力条件，已有的大气压下开展的岩土崩解测试结果也不能用于解释水库蓄排水过程中库岸边坡岩土体崩解机制，这限制了库岸边坡变形体的变形机理与风险防控研究。At present, the devices and methods for rock and soil disintegration testing are all carried out under atmospheric pressure, which only considers the influence of temperature but not the influence of hydrostatic pressure. It cannot reflect the temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions during the reservoir storage and drainage process. The existing rock and soil disintegration test results carried out under atmospheric pressure cannot be used to explain the disintegration mechanism of the rock and soil body on the bank slope during the reservoir storage and drainage process, which limits the research on the deformation mechanism and risk prevention and control of the deformable body on the bank slope.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置及使用方法，解决了现有技术中只考虑了温度的影响，未考虑到静水压力的影响，不能够反映水库蓄排水过程中的温度和静水压力条件的问题。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure and a method of use, which solves the problem that the prior art only considers the influence of temperature but not the influence of hydrostatic pressure, and cannot reflect the temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions during the reservoir storage and drainage process.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置，包括压力室，压力室设于金属底座上，压力室顶部通过橡胶垫圈连接金属顶板，金属顶板通过螺杆和六角螺母与金属底座连接，金属顶板上设有固定机构，固定机构与杆件连接，杆件通过测力计与金属网兜连接，金属网兜设有样品，金属底座上表面设有铜管圈，铜管圈与温度控制箱相连，金属底座中部设有三通阀门，三通阀门一端通过排水管与水箱连接，三通阀门另一端通过注水管与水泵连接，金属顶板下表面设有数显温度计，数显温度计通过数据线与探头连接。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to implement it: a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure, including a pressure chamber, the pressure chamber is arranged on a metal base, the top of the pressure chamber is connected to a metal top plate through a rubber gasket, the metal top plate is connected to the metal base through a screw and a hexagonal nut, a fixing mechanism is provided on the metal top plate, the fixing mechanism is connected to a rod, the rod is connected to a metal net bag through a dynamometer, the metal net bag is provided with a sample, a copper tube ring is provided on the upper surface of the metal base, the copper tube ring is connected to a temperature control box, a three-way valve is provided in the middle of the metal base, one end of the three-way valve is connected to a water tank through a drain pipe, and the other end of the three-way valve is connected to a water pump through a water injection pipe, a digital thermometer is provided on the lower surface of the metal top plate, and the digital thermometer is connected to a probe through a data cable.
优选的，所述固定机构由支架螺杆、反力横梁组成，两个支架螺杆设于金属顶板上，反力横梁通过法兰螺母Ⅱ与两个支架螺杆连接，反力横梁中部与杆件连接。Preferably, the fixing mechanism is composed of a support screw and a reaction beam, the two support screws are arranged on the metal top plate, the reaction beam is connected to the two support screws through a flange nut II, and the middle part of the reaction beam is connected to the rod.
优选的，所述金属顶板两侧设有排气孔螺栓和进气孔，进气孔通过软管连接压力控制器。Preferably, exhaust hole bolts and air inlet holes are provided on both sides of the metal top plate, and the air inlet holes are connected to the pressure controller through a hose.
优选的，所述测力计通过金属丝与金属网兜连接，测力计通过数据线与终端连接。Preferably, the dynamometer is connected to the metal net bag via a metal wire, and the dynamometer is connected to the terminal via a data line.
优选的，所述压力控制器与空气压缩机连接，压力控制器通过数据线与终端连接。Preferably, the pressure controller is connected to the air compressor, and the pressure controller is connected to the terminal via a data line.
优选的，所述金属底座与铜管圈之间设有隔热垫。Preferably, a heat insulating pad is provided between the metal base and the copper tube ring.
优选的，所述杆件通过法兰螺母Ⅰ与金属顶板连接。Preferably, the rod is connected to the metal top plate via a flange nut I.
优选的，所述铜管圈为空心导热管并螺旋设于压力室内，铜管圈的进口端通过进水孔与温度控制箱的出水端相连，铜管圈的出口端通过出水孔与温度控制箱的进水端相连。Preferably, the copper tube ring is a hollow heat-conducting tube and is spirally arranged in the pressure chamber, the inlet end of the copper tube ring is connected to the water outlet end of the temperature control box through the water inlet hole, and the outlet end of the copper tube ring is connected to the water inlet end of the temperature control box through the water outlet hole.
优选的，所述压力室外壁包裹绷带，样品为立方体。Preferably, the outer wall of the pressure chamber is wrapped with a bandage and the sample is a cube.
本发明公开了一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性装置的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The present invention discloses a method for using a rock and soil disintegration device with controllable temperature and pressure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
步骤一、制备样品放入金属网兜内；Step 1: Prepare the sample and put it into a metal mesh bag;
步骤二、橡胶垫圈放入压力室顶部凹槽，确保试样水平，盖上金属顶板，套入螺杆拧紧六角螺母；Step 2: Put the rubber gasket into the groove at the top of the pressure chamber, ensure that the sample is level, cover it with a metal top plate, insert the screw and tighten the hexagonal nut;
步骤三、打开压力控制器，检查压力室密封状态；Step 3: Open the pressure controller and check the sealing status of the pressure chamber;
步骤四、拧出排气孔螺栓，将三通阀门拧向通进水管方向，打开水泵向压力室内注水，水面低于测力计，关闭三通阀门，拧紧排气孔螺栓；Step 4: Unscrew the exhaust hole bolt, turn the three-way valve toward the water inlet pipe, turn on the water pump to fill water into the pressure chamber, the water level is lower than the dynamometer, close the three-way valve, and tighten the exhaust hole bolt;
步骤五、启动温度控制箱，待压力室内水达到指定温度，向下移动杆件，确保压力室内水完全浸没样品，拧紧法兰螺母Ⅰ，移动反力横梁与杆件接触，拧紧法兰螺母Ⅱ；Step 5: Start the temperature control box, wait until the water in the pressure chamber reaches the specified temperature, move the rod downward to ensure that the water in the pressure chamber completely immerses the sample, tighten the flange nut I, move the reaction beam to contact the rod, and tighten the flange nut II;
步骤六、启动压力控制器根据实际水位深度计算目标压力，根据实际水位抬升速率确定试验压力增速，终端输入目标压力和压力增速，待压力室内压力达到目标值；实时监测测力计，得到不同温度和不同压力条件下重力-时间关系曲线，根据重力-时间关系曲线计算得到某一温度和压力条件下岩土材料的崩解速率与崩解损失率。Step 6. Start the pressure controller to calculate the target pressure according to the actual water level depth, determine the test pressure growth rate according to the actual water level rise rate, input the target pressure and pressure growth rate into the terminal, and wait until the pressure in the pressure chamber reaches the target value; monitor the dynamometer in real time to obtain the gravity-time relationship curve under different temperatures and pressure conditions, and calculate the disintegration rate and disintegration loss rate of the geotechnical material under certain temperature and pressure conditions based on the gravity-time relationship curve.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置压力室内有测力计，测力计下挂金属网兜，金属网兜内放置测试样品；通过压力控制器连接空气压缩机，压力控制器外接终端，能实现压力室内特定的压力条件；通过压力室底部设置的导热铜管圈连接温度控制箱，能实现压力室内特定的温度条件；设置三通阀门与水箱水泵连接来实现不同水位下的测试，固定机构的设置能够使得测力计上下移动，满足压力室内样品不同水位深度下的压力测定，压力室内设有数显温度计，测量压力室内液体温度；本装置构造合理，简洁，易于实施且操作简单，精度高。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure has a dynamometer in the pressure chamber, a metal mesh bag is hung under the dynamometer, and a test sample is placed in the metal mesh bag; an air compressor is connected through a pressure controller, and the pressure controller is connected to an external terminal, so that specific pressure conditions in the pressure chamber can be achieved; a temperature control box is connected through a heat-conducting copper tube ring arranged at the bottom of the pressure chamber, so that specific temperature conditions in the pressure chamber can be achieved; a three-way valve is arranged to be connected to a water tank water pump to achieve testing under different water levels, and the setting of the fixing mechanism can enable the dynamometer to move up and down to meet the pressure measurement of samples in the pressure chamber at different water level depths, and a digital thermometer is arranged in the pressure chamber to measure the liquid temperature in the pressure chamber; the device has a reasonable structure, is concise, is easy to implement, is simple to operate, and has high precision.
进一步地，固定机构的设定使得杆件能够上下移动，保证了压力室内的水完全浸没样品，使得测量数据准确性更高。Furthermore, the setting of the fixing mechanism enables the rod to move up and down, ensuring that the water in the pressure chamber completely immerses the sample, making the measurement data more accurate.
进一步地，测力计、压力控制器与终端连接，使得操作人员能够对实验测得的数据更加清楚，有更好的反馈性。Furthermore, the dynamometer and the pressure controller are connected to the terminal, so that the operator can have a clearer understanding of the experimental measured data and have better feedback.
进一步地，裹绷带约束压力室侧向变形，在压力室上下设置两圈绷带便于在中间使用照相机拍摄压力室内部样品。立方体的样品使得测量时与水接触的各个面受到的水压一致。Furthermore, the bandage restrains the lateral deformation of the pressure chamber, and two bandages are arranged above and below the pressure chamber to facilitate the use of a camera in the middle to photograph the sample inside the pressure chamber. The cubic sample ensures that the water pressure on each surface in contact with water is consistent during measurement.
进一步地，采用温度控制箱优点是能够控制压力室内水(含盐)温度范围为0-30℃，实现压力室内低温水环境。铜管圈为空心导热管并螺旋设于压力室内，使得压力室内的水温能够受热均匀。Furthermore, the advantage of using a temperature control box is that the temperature range of the water (containing salt) in the pressure chamber can be controlled to be 0-30°C, thus achieving a low-temperature water environment in the pressure chamber. The copper tube ring is a hollow heat-conducting tube and is spirally arranged in the pressure chamber, so that the water temperature in the pressure chamber can be heated evenly.
综上所述，本发明能够同时考虑到水压力和温度对岩土崩解性的影响，克服了以往测试岩土崩解性忽视水压力的影响，方法中考虑水压力能够直接反映库岸边坡岩土体的水压力条件，通过控制压力室的温度和压力来模拟水库蓄水后库岸边坡岩土体的温度和水压力环境，测量一定的温度和水压力条件下岸坡岩土体崩解率与崩解损失率，通过崩解率与崩解损失率分析能够揭示温度与压力对某种岩土体崩解性的控制机制。In summary, the present invention can simultaneously consider the influence of water pressure and temperature on the disintegration of rock and soil, and overcomes the previous testing of rock and soil disintegration that ignores the influence of water pressure. The water pressure considered in the method can directly reflect the water pressure condition of the rock and soil body on the bank slope. The temperature and water pressure environment of the rock and soil body on the bank slope after the reservoir is filled with water are simulated by controlling the temperature and pressure of the pressure chamber, and the disintegration rate and disintegration loss rate of the rock and soil body on the bank slope under certain temperature and water pressure conditions are measured. The control mechanism of temperature and pressure on the disintegration of a certain rock and soil body can be revealed through the analysis of the disintegration rate and disintegration loss rate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的主视图；FIG1 is a front view of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图2为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的压力室侧视图；FIG2 is a side view of a pressure chamber of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图3为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的压力室俯视图；FIG3 is a top view of a pressure chamber of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图4为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的金属顶板外视图；FIG4 is an external view of a metal top plate of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图5为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的金属顶板内视图；FIG5 is an internal view of a metal top plate of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图6为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的金属底座侧视图；FIG6 is a side view of a metal base of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图7为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的测量系统俯视图；FIG7 is a top view of a measuring system of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
图8为一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置的金属顶板侧视图；FIG8 is a side view of a metal top plate of a rock and soil disintegration testing device with controllable temperature and pressure;
其中：1-压力室；2-绷带；3-金属底座；4-金属顶板；5-橡胶垫圈；6-螺杆；7-六角螺母；8-排气孔螺栓；9-法兰螺母Ⅰ；10-杆件；11-支架螺杆；12-反力横梁；13-法兰螺母Ⅱ；14-进气孔；15-软管；16-压力控制器；17-数据线；18-隔热垫；19-进水孔；20-铜管圈；21-出水孔；22-水管；23-温度控制箱；24-三通阀门；25-排水管；26-注水管；27-水泵；28-水箱；29-测力计；30-金属丝；31-金属网兜；32-样品；33-数显温度计；34-探头。Among them: 1-pressure chamber; 2-bandage; 3-metal base; 4-metal top plate; 5-rubber gasket; 6-screw; 7-hexagonal nut; 8-exhaust hole bolt; 9-flange nut I; 10-rod; 11-bracket screw; 12-reaction beam; 13-flange nut II; 14-air inlet; 15-hose; 16-pressure controller; 17-data line; 18-insulation pad; 19-water inlet; 20-copper pipe ring; 21-water outlet; 22-water pipe; 23-temperature control box; 24-three-way valve; 25-drain pipe; 26-water injection pipe; 27-water pump; 28-water tank; 29-dynamometer; 30-metal wire; 31-metal net bag; 32-sample; 33-digital thermometer; 34-probe.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
参见图1，一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性测试装置，包括有机玻璃压力室1，有机玻璃压力室1设于金属底座3上，有机玻璃压力室1外壁包裹绷带2，有机玻璃压力室1顶部通过橡胶垫圈5连接金属顶板4，参见图4，金属顶板4通过螺杆6和六角螺母7与金属底座3连接，参见图2，金属顶板4上设有固定机构，固定机构与杆件10连接，杆件10通过测力计29与金属网兜31连接，金属网兜31设有样品32，参见图3，金属底座3上表面设有铜管圈20，铜管圈20的进口端与温度控制箱23的出水端相连，铜管圈20的出口端与温度控制箱23的进水端相连，金属底座3中部设有三通阀门24，三通阀门24一端通过排水管25与水箱28连接，三通阀门24另一端通过注水管26与水泵27连接，金属顶板4下表面设有数显温度计33，数显温度计33通过数据线17与探头34连接。Referring to FIG1 , a temperature and pressure controllable rock and soil disintegration test device comprises an organic glass pressure chamber 1, the organic glass pressure chamber 1 is arranged on a metal base 3, the outer wall of the organic glass pressure chamber 1 is wrapped with a bandage 2, the top of the organic glass pressure chamber 1 is connected to a metal top plate 4 through a rubber gasket 5, referring to FIG4 , the metal top plate 4 is connected to the metal base 3 through a screw 6 and a hexagonal nut 7, referring to FIG2 , a fixing mechanism is provided on the metal top plate 4, the fixing mechanism is connected to a rod 10, the rod 10 is connected to a metal net bag 31 through a dynamometer 29, and the metal net bag 31 is connected to the metal net bag 32. 1 is provided with a sample 32, see FIG3, a copper tube ring 20 is provided on the upper surface of the metal base 3, the inlet end of the copper tube ring 20 is connected to the water outlet end of the temperature control box 23, the outlet end of the copper tube ring 20 is connected to the water inlet end of the temperature control box 23, a three-way valve 24 is provided in the middle of the metal base 3, one end of the three-way valve 24 is connected to the water tank 28 through a drain pipe 25, and the other end of the three-way valve 24 is connected to the water pump 27 through a water injection pipe 26, and a digital display thermometer 33 is provided on the lower surface of the metal top plate 4, and the digital display thermometer 33 is connected to the probe 34 through a data line 17.
参见图8，固定机构由支架螺杆11、反力横梁12组成，两个支架螺杆11设于金属顶板4上，反力横梁12通过法兰螺母Ⅱ13与两个支架螺杆11连接，反力横梁12中部与杆件10连接，杆件10通过法兰螺母Ⅰ9与金属顶板4连接。参见图1和图5，金属顶板4两侧设有排气孔螺栓8和进气孔14，进气孔14通过软管15连接压力控制器16，压力控制器16与空气压缩机连接，压力控制器16通过数据线与终端连接。参见图7，测力计29通过金属丝30与金属网兜31连接，测力计29通过数据线17与终端连接。参见图6，金属底座3与铜管圈20之间设有隔热垫18，铜管20为空心导热管并螺旋设于有机玻璃压力室1内，铜管圈20的进口端通过进水孔19与温度控制箱23的出水端相连，铜管圈20的出口端通过出水孔21与温度控制箱23的进水端相连。Referring to FIG8 , the fixing mechanism is composed of a support screw 11 and a reaction beam 12. The two support screws 11 are arranged on the metal top plate 4. The reaction beam 12 is connected to the two support screws 11 through a flange nut II 13. The middle part of the reaction beam 12 is connected to the rod 10. The rod 10 is connected to the metal top plate 4 through a flange nut I 9. Referring to FIG1 and FIG5 , exhaust bolts 8 and air inlet holes 14 are arranged on both sides of the metal top plate 4. The air inlet hole 14 is connected to a pressure controller 16 through a hose 15. The pressure controller 16 is connected to an air compressor. The pressure controller 16 is connected to a terminal through a data line. Referring to FIG7 , a dynamometer 29 is connected to a metal net bag 31 through a metal wire 30. The dynamometer 29 is connected to a terminal through a data line 17. Referring to Figure 6, a heat insulating pad 18 is provided between the metal base 3 and the copper tube ring 20. The copper tube 20 is a hollow heat conducting tube and is spirally arranged in the organic glass pressure chamber 1. The inlet end of the copper tube ring 20 is connected to the water outlet end of the temperature control box 23 through the water inlet hole 19, and the outlet end of the copper tube ring 20 is connected to the water inlet end of the temperature control box 23 through the water outlet hole 21.
一种可控温度和压力的岩土崩解性使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method for using rock and soil disintegration with controllable temperature and pressure, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、制备立方体的样品32放入金属网兜31内；Step 1: Prepare a cubic sample 32 and put it into a metal mesh bag 31;
步骤二、橡胶垫圈5涂抹凡士林，放入压力室1顶部凹槽，确保试样32水平，盖上金属顶板4，套入螺杆6拧紧六角螺母7；Step 2: Apply vaseline to the rubber gasket 5, put it into the top groove of the pressure chamber 1, ensure that the sample 32 is level, cover it with the metal top plate 4, insert the screw 6 and tighten the hexagonal nut 7;
步骤三、打开压力控制器16，输出气压监测气压变化，检查压力室1密封状态；Step 3: Open the pressure controller 16, output the air pressure to monitor the air pressure change, and check the sealing state of the pressure chamber 1;
步骤四、拧出排气孔螺栓8，将三通阀门24拧向通进水管26方向，打开水泵27开关向压力室1内注水，水面低于测力计29，关闭三通阀门24，拧紧排气孔螺栓8；Step 4, unscrew the exhaust hole bolt 8, turn the three-way valve 24 to the direction of the water inlet pipe 26, turn on the water pump 27 to inject water into the pressure chamber 1, the water level is lower than the dynamometer 29, close the three-way valve 24, and tighten the exhaust hole bolt 8;
步骤五、启动温度控制箱23设定指定温度，指定温度根据当地水温条件确定，观察数显温度计33是否达到指定温度；待压力室1内水达到指定温度，向下移动杆件10，确保压力室1内水完全浸没样品32，拧紧法兰螺母Ⅰ9，移动反力横梁12与杆件10接触，拧紧法兰螺母Ⅱ13；Step 5: Start the temperature control box 23 to set the specified temperature, which is determined according to the local water temperature conditions, and observe whether the digital thermometer 33 reaches the specified temperature; when the water in the pressure chamber 1 reaches the specified temperature, move the rod 10 downward to ensure that the water in the pressure chamber 1 completely immerses the sample 32, tighten the flange nut I9, move the reaction beam 12 to contact the rod 10, and tighten the flange nut II13;
步骤六、启动压力控制器16根据实际水位深度h(m)计算目标压力P＝9.8×h(kPa)，根据实际水位抬升速率确定试验压力增量ΔP，可快速达到目标压力，也可缓慢达到目标压力，在计算机上输入目标压力P和压力增量ΔP，开始加压直至目标压力，压力控制器16将压力稳定在目标压力，待压力室1内压力达到目标值；通过测力计29实时监测样品32的重力变化，根据测力计29的重力数值和时间得到重力-时间曲线，测力计29初始读数为g1，测力计29任意时刻t读数为gt，改变温度和压力，获得其他温度和压力条件下的重力-时间曲线关系曲线。根据不同温度和不同压力条件下重力-时间关系曲线，计算得到不同温度T和不同压力P条件下岩土材料的崩解损失率I＝(g1-gt)/g1，计算得到不同温度T和不同压力P条件下Δt时间内岩土材料的崩解速率J＝(g1-gt)/Δt。Step 6: Start the pressure controller 16 to calculate the target pressure P=9.8×h(kPa) according to the actual water level depth h(m), determine the test pressure increment ΔP according to the actual water level rise rate, the target pressure can be reached quickly or slowly, input the target pressure P and the pressure increment ΔP on the computer, start pressurizing until the target pressure, the pressure controller 16 stabilizes the pressure at the target pressure, and waits until the pressure in the pressure chamber 1 reaches the target value; monitor the gravity change of the sample 32 in real time through the dynamometer 29, obtain the gravity-time curve according to the gravity value of the dynamometer 29 and time, the initial reading of the dynamometer 29 is g 1 , and the reading of the dynamometer 29 at any time t is g t , change the temperature and pressure, and obtain the gravity-time curve relationship curve under other temperature and pressure conditions. According to the gravity-time relationship curves under different temperature and pressure conditions, the disintegration loss rate I=(g 1 -g t )/g 1 of the geotechnical material under different temperature T and different pressure P conditions is calculated, and the disintegration rate J=(g 1 -g t ) /Δt of the geotechnical material under different temperature T and different pressure P conditions is calculated within Δt time.
综上所述，本发明通过控制压力室的温度和压力来模拟水库蓄水后库岸边坡岩土体的温度和水压力环境，测量一定的温度和水压力条件下岸坡岩土体崩解率与崩解损失率。In summary, the present invention simulates the temperature and water pressure environment of the bank slope rock and soil after the reservoir is filled with water by controlling the temperature and pressure of the pressure chamber, and measures the collapse rate and collapse loss rate of the bank slope rock and soil under certain temperature and water pressure conditions.
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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