CN115822565B - A multi-point crack monitoring device for hydraulic fracturing ground stress testing - Google Patents
A multi-point crack monitoring device for hydraulic fracturing ground stress testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115822565B CN115822565B CN202310005976.7A CN202310005976A CN115822565B CN 115822565 B CN115822565 B CN 115822565B CN 202310005976 A CN202310005976 A CN 202310005976A CN 115822565 B CN115822565 B CN 115822565B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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Abstract
本申请公开一种用于水压致裂法地应力测试的多点式裂缝监测装置，包括依次同轴连接的上封隔器、压裂段、下封隔器，压裂段两端分别固定有外径大于压裂段的摄像模块，摄像模块面向压裂段中部出水孔的一侧同轴均布有至少3个摄像头，摄像头之间设有补光灯，摄像模块内设有与控制单元信号连接的存储单元以及内置有供电单元。本申请在压裂段两端分设带有多个摄像头及补光灯的摄像模块，可全过程、无死角的直观记录岩壁裂缝产生的过程、方向及位置，避免了印模测试中压裂与印模交替操作的繁琐，实现了压裂试验和裂纹观测同步，不仅显著提高了裂缝检测的效率，而且还提高了裂纹定位的准确性，具有结构可靠、操作简单、测试效率高的特点。
The present application discloses a multi-point crack monitoring device for geostress testing by hydraulic fracturing, comprising an upper packer, a fracturing section, and a lower packer coaxially connected in sequence, a camera module with an outer diameter larger than that of the fracturing section is fixed at both ends of the fracturing section, at least three cameras are coaxially arranged on one side of the camera module facing the water outlet in the middle of the fracturing section, a fill light is arranged between the cameras, and a storage unit connected to the control unit signal and a built-in power supply unit are arranged in the camera module. The present application sets up camera modules with multiple cameras and fill lights at both ends of the fracturing section, which can intuitively record the process, direction and position of rock wall cracks throughout the whole process without dead angles, avoiding the tedious alternating operation of fracturing and impression in impression testing, realizing the synchronization of fracturing test and crack observation, not only significantly improving the efficiency of crack detection, but also improving the accuracy of crack positioning, with the characteristics of reliable structure, simple operation and high test efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a multipoint crack monitoring device for hydraulic fracturing ground stress test, which has the advantages of reliable structure, simplicity in operation, accurate crack positioning and high test efficiency.
Background
The ground stress problem is mainly faced with geological problems of underground engineering, and in the stage of investigation and design of large-scale underground engineering such as mine engineering, traffic tunnel engineering and the like, the magnitude of the ground stress and the main stress direction are important consideration factors of engineering design, and the result directly influences the spatial arrangement of the underground engineering.
For underground engineering of surrounding rock which is not disclosed temporarily, the hydraulic fracturing method is a common testing method, the space change characteristics of the ground stress can be preliminarily ascertained through deep hole ground stress testing, the stability of the underground engineering rock burst and the regional geological structure is judged, and the hydraulic fracturing method mainly depends on the auxiliary of a drilling machine to finish the ground stress testing in the drilling.
At present, the hydraulic fracturing method test technology is relatively mature, and has been widely applied to ultra-deep well mine and deep buried tunnel engineering. The conventional testing method is that after the fracturing test, the fracturing section is lifted and then the impression device is placed to the test depth, a certain pressure is applied to the impression device to expand the impression device, the closed cracks of the rock mass are opened again, marks are left on the surface of the impression device, then the impression device is taken out, crack indentations on the surface of the impression device are found to determine the orientation, but the fracturing section and the impression device are required to be alternately lifted and pressurized in the testing process, so that the testing efficiency is low. Therefore, the die device is integrated at the rear of the fracturing section, and then a control valve is arranged to control different water injection channels, so that the operation of 'drill rod descending-drill rod water injection-die stamping-drill rod lifting' is carried out on each measuring point printing once, the fracturing and die stamping process can be completed, the time spent for repeated lifting-descending is avoided, the testing efficiency can be improved, but the testing time, the labor and energy cost can be greatly increased when the conditions of super kilometer drilling and multiple measuring points are faced, and the testing efficiency of the ground stress is seriously influenced. In addition, since the surface of the impression device is easily scratched by the wall of the borehole in actual use, the crack indentation and scratch of the rock mass are difficult to accurately distinguish. Therefore, at present, a method for locating the fracture position on the rock wall by visual inspection and determining the azimuth by matching with a compass by putting the drilling camera device to the test depth after the fracturing test exists, but the fracturing section and the drilling camera device are required to be lifted and lowered alternately, and the test efficiency is low especially for ultra-kilometer drilling and multi-measuring-point testing.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, an axial guide mechanism is arranged at a fracturing section, and an axial and circumferential driving mechanism is arranged in a matched manner, so that a camera arranged at the fracturing section can axially and circumferentially move according to the needs, and therefore cracks in a hydraulic fracturing ground stress test can be comprehensively observed, the fracturing test and the crack observation can be synchronously carried out, the crack positioning accuracy is improved, and the test working efficiency is also improved. However, since the conventional hydraulic fracturing method has a drilling diameter of only 76cm and the inside of the fracturing section is required to be provided with a high-pressure water channel and a wall thickness of sufficient strength is ensured, the space in which the plurality of mechanisms can be arranged is narrow and limited, and the structural strength of each complex mechanism is difficult to ensure good reliability in a high-pressure environment.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the multi-point crack monitoring device for the hydraulic fracturing method ground stress test is reliable in structure, simple to operate, accurate in crack positioning and high in test efficiency.
The application is realized by comprising an upper packer, a fracturing section and a lower packer which are sequentially and coaxially connected, wherein two ends of the fracturing section are respectively fixedly provided with a camera module, the outer diameter of the camera module is larger than that of the fracturing section, at least 3 cameras are coaxially and uniformly distributed on one side of the camera module, which faces to a water outlet hole in the middle part of the fracturing section, light supplementing lamps are further arranged between the cameras, a control unit connected with each camera through signals and a storage unit connected with the control unit through signals are arranged in the camera module, and a power supply unit is also arranged in the camera module.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. The application has the advantages that the two ends of the fracturing section are respectively provided with the camera modules uniformly distributed with at least 3 cameras and the light supplementing lamps, so that the whole process, the direction and the position of the generation of the rock wall cracks can be synchronously recorded without dead angles while fracturing, the repeated lifting-lowering of the conventional test is avoided, the complicated operation of 'drill rod lowering-drill rod water injection-impression-drill rod lifting' of each measuring point in the improvement method is needed, the problem that the crack indentation and scratch on the impression are difficult to accurately distinguish is solved, the crack detection efficiency is obviously improved, the crack positioning accuracy is also improved, and the operation process of the whole test is simplified while fracturing and observation are synchronously realized.
2. The camera module is fixedly arranged at two ends of the fracturing section, and the camera module is uniformly provided with the cameras and the light supplementing lamps, so that the borehole wall around the fracturing section can be observed in all directions without moving the camera module, and the application has no complex driving and guiding mechanism, and can meet the structural strength requirement under the high-pressure use environment only by adopting conventional reinforcing ribs and other structural optimization measures in the shell, thereby ensuring good reliability.
3. The application adopts the independent modularized camera module, which is convenient for realizing function expansion by being added on the conventional hydraulic fracturing ground stress testing device according to the requirement, and is also convenient for upgrading and daily maintenance. And further adopt cylindrical structure with the camera module, can effectively increase the inner space of camera module to both be convenient for the arrangement of camera, light filling lamp and control circuit, also be convenient for arrange the realization of functions such as additional electronic compass circuit and cleaning nozzle moreover.
4. The application further arranges the pressure sensor and the flowmeter which are communicated with the fracturing water channel in the camera module at one side of the upper packer or in the fracturing section, thereby being capable of avoiding the influences of pipeline parameters, flow curves, packer and borehole deformation, measuring point depth and the like compared with the conventional pressure sensor and flow detection on the well, obtaining more real in-situ stress information, and being beneficial to reasonably and accurately evaluating the fracturing effect by combining the image data acquired by the camera module.
In conclusion, the application has the characteristics of reliable structure, simple operation, accurate crack positioning and high test efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cut-away view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the present application;
In the figure, the device comprises a 1-upper packer, a 2-fracturing section, a 3-lower packer, a 4-camera module, 401-connecting screw holes, 402-connecting shafts, 403-conical surfaces, 404-cleaning nozzles, 5-cameras, 6-light supplementing lamps, 7-water outlet holes, 8-fracturing water channels, 9-water passing holes and 10-step shafts.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated in the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any alterations or modifications based on the teachings of the application are within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the application comprises an upper packer 1, a fracturing section 2 and a lower packer 3 which are sequentially and coaxially connected, wherein two ends of the fracturing section 2 are respectively and fixedly provided with a camera module 4, one side of the camera module 4 facing to a water outlet hole in the middle of the fracturing section 2 is provided with an annular plane or conical surface, at least 3 cameras 5 are coaxially and uniformly distributed on the annular plane or conical surface of the camera module 4, a light supplementing lamp 6 is further arranged between the cameras 5, a control unit in signal connection with each camera 5 and a storage unit in signal connection with the control unit are arranged in the camera module 4, and a power supply unit is further arranged in the camera module 4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the camera module 4 has an annular structure with an outer diameter not larger than the diameter of the upper packer 1, and the camera module 4 is fixedly connected with the fracturing section 2, or fixedly connected with the corresponding upper packer 1 and lower packer 3 (not shown in the drawings), or the two ends of the fracturing section 2 are respectively provided with a step shaft, and the camera module 4 is sleeved on the step shaft of the fracturing section 2, and the two ends of the camera module are respectively abutted with the step surface of the step shaft and the end surfaces of the corresponding packer 1 and lower packer 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the camera module 4 has a cylindrical structure with an outer diameter not larger than the diameter of the upper packer 1, one end of the camera module 4 is fixedly connected with the fracturing section 2, the other end of the camera module 4 is fixedly connected with the corresponding upper packer 1 and lower packer 3, and a water passing hole communicated with a fracturing water channel of the fracturing section 2 is further formed in the camera module 4.
One end of a close-up camera 5 of the camera module 4 is provided with a connecting screw hole 401 in threaded connection with the fracturing section 2, and the other end is provided with a connecting shaft 402 in threaded connection with the corresponding upper packer 1 and lower packer 3.
The camera module 4 is provided with the conical surface 403 towards one side of fracturing section 2 middle part apopore, camera 5 and light filling lamp 6 are fixed to be set up on the conical surface 403, the coaxial equipartition in one side of the nearly fracturing section 2 middle part apopore of conical surface 403 has a plurality of openings to face the cleaning nozzle 404 of camera 5 and/or light filling lamp 6, cleaning nozzle 404 and water hole intercommunication.
The cameras 5 on the camera modules 4 at the two ends of the fracturing section 2 are arranged symmetrically up and down or are arranged in a staggered mode.
An electronic compass based on a magneto-resistive sensor is also arranged on the circuit board in the camera module 4. The electronic compass is a circuit which can realize the function of the electronic compass based on any magnetic resistance sensor.
The camera 5 on the camera module 4 is inclined outwards and points to one side of the water outlet hole in the middle of the fracturing section 2.
The camera module 4 is an ultra-wide angle camera, and the light supplementing lamp 6 is a white light LED lamp or a yellow light LED lamp.
A pressure sensor and a flowmeter which are communicated with the fracturing water channel are arranged in the camera module 4 at one side of the upper packer 1 or in the fracturing section 2.
The water inlet of the pressure sensor is communicated with the fracturing water channel, the flowmeter is connected in series on the fracturing water channel, and the pressure sensor and the flowmeter are any existing sensor.
The power supply unit in the camera module 4 is a battery pack comprising a rechargeable battery and a control circuit thereof.
The control unit is any current camera controller, and the storage unit is a current memory card or a memory module.
The working principle and the working process of the application are as follows:
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in the hydraulic fracturing method ground stress test, the camera module 4 is sleeved on step shafts at two ends of the fracturing section 2 and is rotationally compressed (as shown in fig. 1), or one end of the camera module 4 is in threaded connection with the fracturing section 2 and the other end of the camera module is in threaded connection with the corresponding upper packer 1 and lower packer 3 (as shown in fig. 2), then a drill rod is used for placing the drill rod into a test borehole along with the fracturing section 2, and the position of a fractured rock stratum is determined according to a borehole histogram of the earlier geological survey. And then high-pressure water is injected into the closed space from a water outlet hole of the fracturing section 2, pressure is applied to the rock mass in the closed space, the pressure is continuously increased until the pressure value of the pressure sensor is monitored to be reduced, and at the moment, the rock mass is cracked to enable water to flow into the closed space to reduce the pressure. In the continuous pressurization process, the power supply unit in the camera module 4 supplies power to each camera 5, the light supplementing lamp 6 and each unit in the camera module 4, and can also supply power to the pressure sensor and the flowmeter if necessary, the whole process of each camera 5 on the camera module 4 can visually record the process, the direction and the position of the generation of the rock wall cracks without dead angles, and then the rock wall cracks are stored in the storage unit after being processed by the control module. The electronic compass can be arranged in the camera module 4, the accurate azimuth of each camera 5 and video data are synchronously recorded in the storage unit, and meanwhile, the data collected by the pressure sensor and the flowmeter can be synchronously stored in the storage unit of the camera module 4. After the fracturing experiment is finished, the image data in the storage unit of the camera module 4, the camera azimuth data and the data acquired by the pressure sensor and the flowmeter are read, so that the main stress azimuth of the rock mass can be accurately determined. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, when the fracturing stage 2 injects high-pressure water into the closed space, the high-pressure water can clean the lens of the camera 5 through the cleaning nozzle 404, and if necessary, a corresponding cleaning nozzle 404 can also be arranged to clean the light supplementing lamp 6.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN118424884B (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-12-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Microprocessor-controlled hydraulic fracturing ground stress measuring device and measuring method |
| CN118208229B (en) * | 2024-05-22 | 2024-08-09 | 成都理工大学 | Visual hydraulic fracturing method ground stress test system and method |
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| CN204228981U (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | Hydraulic fracturing measures downhole data collecting device and the acquisition system of terrestrial stress |
| CN109030225A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of equipment for observing Rockmass fractures in the test of hydraulic fracturing crustal stress in real time |
| CN115075801A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Scene video recognition device in pit |
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| JP2571259B2 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1997-01-16 | 工業技術院長 | Crack monitor permeability test method and apparatus |
| US5353637A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1994-10-11 | Plumb Richard A | Methods and apparatus for borehole measurement of formation stress |
| JP2005256533A (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Tsuneo Yamauchi | Pore water pressure measuring device |
| US20120111559A1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | Aps Technology, Inc. | Method for fracturing and analyzing an earthen formation surrounding a well bore |
| CN107829725B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-10-02 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | A kind of water causes pressure break stress measurement and induces crack dynamic imaging integrating device |
| JP7211191B2 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2023-01-24 | 株式会社大林組 | hole wall imaging device |
| CN110005403A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-12 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | A wireless automatic logging system for hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204228981U (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | Hydraulic fracturing measures downhole data collecting device and the acquisition system of terrestrial stress |
| CN109030225A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of equipment for observing Rockmass fractures in the test of hydraulic fracturing crustal stress in real time |
| CN115075801A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Scene video recognition device in pit |
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